CN106474908A - A kind of flue gas desulfurization waste-water Zero discharging system and method - Google Patents
A kind of flue gas desulfurization waste-water Zero discharging system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种烟气脱硫废水零排放系统和方法，属于化工和环保技术领域。The invention relates to a zero discharge system and method for flue gas desulfurization waste water, belonging to the technical fields of chemical industry and environmental protection.
背景技术Background technique
燃煤电厂等燃烧化石燃料产生的烟气中含有大量的二氧化硫，其不仅能对生态环境直接造成危害，而且是酸雨、灰霾等形成的重要前体物。在众多烟气脱硫方法中，石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫是目前世界上技术最成熟、应用最广泛的一种脱硫技术，该技术面临的一个重要问题是对脱硫废水的处理。The flue gas produced by burning fossil fuels in coal-fired power plants contains a large amount of sulfur dioxide, which not only directly causes harm to the ecological environment, but also is an important precursor for the formation of acid rain and haze. Among many flue gas desulfurization methods, limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization is currently the most mature and widely used desulfurization technology in the world. An important problem faced by this technology is the treatment of desulfurization wastewater.
目前脱硫废水处理技术主要包括化学沉淀、生物处理、蒸汽浓缩蒸发及零排放技术等。目前国内应用最多的是化学沉淀，该技术工艺成熟，能使脱硫废水达标排放，但存在对氯离子盐及硒、汞等去除效率不高等问题。零排放技术可实现厂内废水闭式循环使用，对生态环境友好。目前国内采用的零排放技术主要基于脱硫废水多效蒸发浓缩工艺，过程能耗大，运行成本较高。专利CN101417827B公开了一种处理脱硫废水的工艺方法，基本思路是雾化后的水与烟气在干燥塔内直接接触换热，形成的颗粒沉降到干燥塔下部，换热后的烟气变为湿烟气，由干燥塔排出，这种工艺存在颗粒沉降效果差、粉尘脱除效率低、设备投资成本高等问题。At present, desulfurization wastewater treatment technologies mainly include chemical precipitation, biological treatment, steam concentration evaporation and zero discharge technology. At present, chemical precipitation is the most widely used in China. This technology is mature and can discharge desulfurization wastewater up to standard. However, there are problems such as low removal efficiency of chloride ion salts, selenium, and mercury. The zero-emission technology can realize the closed circulation of waste water in the factory, which is friendly to the ecological environment. At present, the zero-emission technology adopted in China is mainly based on the multi-effect evaporation and concentration process of desulfurization wastewater, which consumes a lot of energy and has high operating costs. Patent CN101417827B discloses a process for treating desulfurization wastewater. The basic idea is that the atomized water and flue gas directly contact and exchange heat in the drying tower, and the formed particles settle to the lower part of the drying tower, and the flue gas after heat exchange becomes The wet flue gas is discharged from the drying tower. This process has problems such as poor particle settling effect, low dust removal efficiency, and high equipment investment cost.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种烟气脱硫废水零排放系统和方法，本发明利用雾化喷嘴并借助烟道内原烟气的高温显热，将脱硫废水快速雾化并干燥，实现废水零排放，对环境友好，且工艺简单，综合能耗和运行成本低。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a zero-discharge system and method for flue gas desulfurization wastewater in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art. Atomized and dried to achieve zero discharge of waste water, environmentally friendly, simple process, low overall energy consumption and operating costs.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种烟气脱硫废水零排放系统，包括：A zero discharge system for flue gas desulfurization wastewater, comprising:
烟气管道：用于输送原烟气，Flue gas pipeline: used to transport raw flue gas,
除尘器：其入口与烟气管道相连接，用于对原烟气进行除尘处理，Dust collector: Its inlet is connected with the flue gas pipeline, which is used to remove dust from the original flue gas.
脱硫塔：其中部为烟气进口，上部是脱硫段，下部是浆液池，脱硫塔的烟气进口与除尘器的烟气出口通过管路连接，脱硫段上设有净烟气出口，浆液池设有浆液出口，Desulfurization tower: the middle part is the flue gas inlet, the upper part is the desulfurization section, and the lower part is the slurry pool. The flue gas inlet of the desulfurization tower is connected to the flue gas outlet of the dust collector through pipelines. The desulfurization section is equipped with a net flue gas outlet and a slurry pool with a slurry outlet,
增压风机：设在除尘器与脱硫塔之间的管路上，Booster fan: installed on the pipeline between the dust collector and the desulfurization tower,
澄清器：与脱硫塔的浆液出口相连，Clarifier: connected to the slurry outlet of the desulfurization tower,
废水槽：与澄清器相连，Wastewater tank: connected to clarifier,
其特征在于，还包括雾化喷嘴与废水输送管线，所述的雾化喷嘴设置在烟气管道内，所述的废水输送管线将废水槽和雾化喷嘴连接，在所述废水输送管线上设置有废水输送泵和流量调节元件。It is characterized in that it also includes an atomizing nozzle and a waste water delivery line, the atomization nozzle is arranged in the flue gas pipeline, the waste water delivery line connects the waste water tank and the atomization nozzle, and is set on the waste water delivery line There is a waste water transfer pump and a flow regulating element.
在所述雾化喷嘴上游和下游分别设置有烟气温度检测元件，所述烟气温度检测元件与所述流量调节元件相连接。A flue gas temperature detection element is respectively arranged upstream and downstream of the atomizing nozzle, and the flue gas temperature detection element is connected with the flow regulating element.
所述雾化喷嘴为空气雾化喷嘴或机械旋转雾化喷嘴，所述空气雾化喷嘴还与空气压缩机连接，以获得压缩空气。The atomizing nozzle is an air atomizing nozzle or a mechanical rotary atomizing nozzle, and the air atomizing nozzle is also connected with an air compressor to obtain compressed air.
所述脱硫塔下部浆液池的浆液出口连接有浆液管路，该浆液管路分别与澄清器及石膏离心机连接，所述的浆液管路上设置有浆液循环泵。The slurry outlet of the slurry tank at the lower part of the desulfurization tower is connected with a slurry pipeline, and the slurry pipeline is respectively connected with a clarifier and a gypsum centrifuge, and a slurry circulation pump is arranged on the slurry pipeline.
所述的浆液管路还连接到脱硫塔上部的脱硫段，使得部分浆液回流，用于脱硫。The slurry pipeline is also connected to the desulfurization section at the upper part of the desulfurization tower, so that part of the slurry is refluxed for desulfurization.
所述的石膏离心机还设有浆液回流管路，该浆液回流管路与脱硫塔下部浆液池相连；所述的澄清器也设有浆液回流管路，该浆液回流管路与脱硫塔下部浆液池相连。The gypsum centrifuge is also provided with a slurry return pipeline, and the slurry return pipeline is connected with the slurry pool at the lower part of the desulfurization tower; The pool is connected.
脱硫塔下部的浆液池还连接有石灰石浆液供应管线和氧化空气供应管线，用于向浆液池内供应石灰石与氧化空气；脱硫塔上部的脱硫段连接有水供应管线，用于向脱硫段供应水。The slurry tank at the lower part of the desulfurization tower is also connected with a limestone slurry supply pipeline and an oxidation air supply pipeline for supplying limestone and oxidation air to the slurry tank; the desulfurization section at the upper part of the desulfurization tower is connected with a water supply pipeline for supplying water to the desulfurization section.
所述除尘器下部连接有固体灰渣排出口，所述石膏离心机连接有脱硫产品石膏排出口。The lower part of the dust collector is connected with a solid ash outlet, and the gypsum centrifuge is connected with a desulfurization product gypsum outlet.
一种使用上述系统实现烟气脱硫废水零排放的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for realizing zero discharge of waste water from flue gas desulfurization by using the above system, comprising the following steps:
步骤一，高温原烟气通过烟气管道，依次经过雾化喷嘴、除尘器、增压风机和脱硫塔，脱出所述烟气中的二氧化硫、HCl、SO3、HF、NO2和固体粉尘等污染物，成为满足排放标准的净烟气，从脱硫塔脱硫段上的净烟气出口排出；Step 1, the high-temperature raw flue gas passes through the flue gas pipeline, and then passes through the atomizing nozzle, dust collector, booster fan and desulfurization tower in sequence to remove sulfur dioxide, HCl, SO 3 , HF, NO 2 and solid dust in the flue gas Pollutants become net flue gas that meets the emission standards, and are discharged from the net flue gas outlet on the desulfurization section of the desulfurization tower;
步骤二，向所述脱硫塔内补充石灰石、水和空气，在所述脱硫塔下部的浆液池得到石膏浆液；Step 2, replenish limestone, water and air into the desulfurization tower, and obtain gypsum slurry in the slurry pool at the lower part of the desulfurization tower;
步骤三，将部分石膏浆液经过浆液循环泵送到石膏离心机离心，得到脱硫产品石膏固体，离心母液循环回到脱硫塔的浆液池；Step 3: Part of the gypsum slurry is sent to the gypsum centrifuge for centrifugation through the slurry circulation pump to obtain the desulfurization product gypsum solid, and the centrifuged mother liquor is circulated back to the slurry pool of the desulfurization tower;
步骤四，通过循环泵将部分石膏浆液输送到澄清器进行澄清，含固量较低的废水进入废水槽，含固量较高的浓浆液循环回到脱硫塔的浆液池；Step 4: Transport part of the gypsum slurry to the clarifier for clarification through the circulation pump, the wastewater with low solid content enters the waste water tank, and the thick slurry with high solid content circulates back to the slurry pool of the desulfurization tower;
步骤五，通过废水输送泵将废水槽中的废水加压输送到雾化喷嘴，借助于原烟气的高温显热将废水快速雾化并干燥，水变为蒸汽，废水中固体杂质被干燥为固体粉末，与原烟气中的粉尘一起进入除尘器，最终被收集为固体灰渣，实现废水零排放；Step 5: The wastewater in the wastewater tank is pressurized and transported to the atomizing nozzle through the wastewater delivery pump, and the wastewater is quickly atomized and dried by means of the high-temperature sensible heat of the original flue gas, and the water is turned into steam, and the solid impurities in the wastewater are dried into The solid powder enters the dust collector together with the dust in the original flue gas, and is finally collected as solid ash to achieve zero discharge of waste water;
步骤六，调节废水输送管线上的流量调节元件，使所述雾化喷嘴上下游的温度检测元件显示的温度差控制在5～15℃的范围，优选为5～10℃的范围。Step 6, adjust the flow regulating element on the waste water delivery pipeline, so that the temperature difference displayed by the temperature detection element upstream and downstream of the atomizing nozzle is controlled within the range of 5-15°C, preferably within the range of 5-10°C.
步骤四中进入废水槽并且含固量较低的废水指：含固量小于5％，氯离子含量小于2％的废水。The waste water entering the waste water tank in step 4 and having a low solid content refers to waste water with a solid content of less than 5% and a chloride ion content of less than 2%.
本发明的有益效果是，脱硫废水在雾化喷嘴和高温烟气的共同作用下，快速雾化并干燥，实现废水厂内闭式循环和脱硫废水的零排放。同现有技术相比，本发明能显著降低过程能耗，运行成本较低。The beneficial effect of the invention is that the desulfurization wastewater is quickly atomized and dried under the joint action of the atomizing nozzle and the high-temperature flue gas, thereby realizing the closed circulation in the wastewater plant and zero discharge of the desulfurization wastewater. Compared with the prior art, the invention can significantly reduce process energy consumption and lower operating cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的工艺流程简图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention.
图2为实施例1脱硫废水水质情况。Figure 2 is the water quality of desulfurization wastewater in Example 1.
图3为实施例2脱硫废水水质情况。Figure 3 is the water quality of desulfurization wastewater in Example 2.
图中标号：1为除尘器，2为增压风机，3为脱硫塔，4为澄清器，5为废水槽，6为烟气管道，7为雾化喷嘴，8为废水输送管线，9为废水输送泵，10为流量调节元件，11为烟气温度检测元件，12为空气压缩机，13为浆液循环泵，14为石膏离心机。Numbers in the figure: 1 is dust collector, 2 is booster fan, 3 is desulfurization tower, 4 is clarifier, 5 is waste water tank, 6 is flue gas pipeline, 7 is atomizing nozzle, 8 is waste water delivery pipeline, 9 is For the wastewater delivery pump, 10 is a flow regulating element, 11 is a flue gas temperature detection element, 12 is an air compressor, 13 is a slurry circulation pump, and 14 is a gypsum centrifuge.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
一种烟气脱硫废水零排放系统，如图1所示，包括烟气管道6、除尘器1、脱硫塔3、增压风机2、澄清器4、废水槽5、雾化喷嘴7与废水输送管线8，烟气管道6用于输送原烟气，除尘器1的入口与烟气管道6相连接，用于对原烟气进行除尘处理，脱硫塔3其中部为烟气进口，上部是脱硫段，下部是浆液池，脱硫塔3下部的浆液池还连接有石灰石浆液供应管线和氧化空气供应管线，用于向浆液池内供应石灰石与氧化空气；脱硫塔3上部的脱硫段连接有水供应管线，用于向脱硫段供应水。脱硫塔3的烟气进口与除尘器1的烟气出口通过管路连接，脱硫段上设有净烟气出口，浆液池设有浆液出口，脱硫塔3下部浆液池的浆液出口连接有浆液管路，该浆液管路分别与澄清器4及石膏离心机14连接，浆液管路上设置有浆液循环泵13。浆液管路还连接到脱硫塔3上部的脱硫段，使得部分浆液回流，用于脱硫。。石膏离心机14还设有浆液回流管路，该浆液回流管路与脱硫塔3下部浆液池相连；澄清器4也设有浆液回流管路，该浆液回流管路与脱硫塔3下部浆液池相连，废水槽5与澄清器4相连。雾化喷嘴7设置在烟气管道6内，废水输送管线8将废水槽5和雾化喷嘴7连接，在废水输送管线8上设置有废水输送泵9和流量调节元件10。在雾化喷嘴7上游和下游分别设置有烟气温度检测元件11，烟气温度检测元件11与流量调节元件10相连接。A flue gas desulfurization wastewater zero discharge system, as shown in Figure 1, includes a flue gas pipeline 6, a dust collector 1, a desulfurization tower 3, a booster fan 2, a clarifier 4, a waste water tank 5, an atomizing nozzle 7 and waste water transport The pipeline 8 and the flue gas pipeline 6 are used to transport the raw flue gas. The inlet of the dust collector 1 is connected to the flue gas pipeline 6 for dedusting the raw flue gas. The middle part of the desulfurization tower 3 is the flue gas inlet, and the upper part is the desulfurization section, the lower part is the slurry tank, and the slurry tank at the lower part of the desulfurization tower 3 is also connected with a limestone slurry supply pipeline and an oxidation air supply pipeline for supplying limestone and oxidation air to the slurry tank; the desulfurization section at the upper part of the desulfurization tower 3 is connected with a water supply pipeline , used to supply water to the desulfurization section. The flue gas inlet of the desulfurization tower 3 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the dust collector 1 through pipelines, the desulfurization section is provided with a net flue gas outlet, the slurry tank is provided with a slurry outlet, and the slurry outlet of the slurry pool at the lower part of the desulfurization tower 3 is connected with a slurry pipe The slurry pipeline is connected with the clarifier 4 and the gypsum centrifuge 14 respectively, and the slurry circulation pump 13 is arranged on the slurry pipeline. The slurry pipeline is also connected to the desulfurization section at the upper part of the desulfurization tower 3, so that part of the slurry is refluxed for desulfurization. . The gypsum centrifuge 14 is also provided with a slurry return pipeline, which is connected to the slurry tank at the lower part of the desulfurization tower 3; the clarifier 4 is also provided with a slurry return pipeline, and the slurry return pipeline is connected with the slurry tank at the lower part of the desulfurization tower 3 , The waste water tank 5 is connected with the clarifier 4. The atomizing nozzle 7 is arranged in the flue gas pipe 6 , the waste water delivery pipeline 8 connects the waste water tank 5 and the atomization nozzle 7 , and a waste water delivery pump 9 and a flow regulating element 10 are arranged on the waste water delivery pipeline 8 . A flue gas temperature detection element 11 is arranged upstream and downstream of the atomizing nozzle 7 respectively, and the flue gas temperature detection element 11 is connected with the flow regulating element 10 .
除尘器1下部连接有固体灰渣排出口，石膏离心机14连接有脱硫产品石膏排出口。The lower part of the dust collector 1 is connected with a solid ash discharge port, and the gypsum centrifuge 14 is connected with a desulfurization product gypsum discharge port.
本实施例中，雾化喷嘴7为空气雾化喷嘴，雾化喷嘴7还与空气压缩机12连接，以获得压缩空气。In this embodiment, the atomizing nozzle 7 is an air atomizing nozzle, and the atomizing nozzle 7 is also connected to an air compressor 12 to obtain compressed air.
使用上述系统实现某电厂烟气脱硫废水零排放，该某电厂烟气脱硫废水量为22m3/h，水质状况如图2所示。Using the above system to achieve zero discharge of flue gas desulfurization wastewater in a power plant, the volume of flue gas desulfurization wastewater in this power plant is 22m 3 /h, and the water quality is shown in Figure 2.
本实施例进行烟气脱硫废水零排放的方法，如图1所示，包括以下步骤：The method for zero discharge of flue gas desulfurization wastewater in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, includes the following steps:
步骤一，高温原烟气通过烟气管道6，依次经过雾化喷嘴7、除尘器1、增压风机2和脱硫塔3，脱出烟气中的二氧化硫、HCl、SO3、HF、NO2和固体粉尘等污染物，成为满足排放标准的净烟气，从脱硫塔3脱硫段上的净烟气出口排出；Step 1, the high-temperature raw flue gas passes through the flue gas pipeline 6, and then passes through the atomizing nozzle 7, the dust collector 1, the booster fan 2 and the desulfurization tower 3 in order to remove sulfur dioxide, HCl, SO 3 , HF, NO 2 and Pollutants such as solid dust become clean flue gas that meets the emission standard, and are discharged from the net flue gas outlet on the desulfurization section of desulfurization tower 3;
步骤二，向脱硫塔3内补充石灰石、水和空气，在脱硫塔3下部的浆液池得到石膏浆液；Step 2, add limestone, water and air to the desulfurization tower 3, and obtain gypsum slurry in the slurry pool at the bottom of the desulfurization tower 3;
步骤三，将部分石膏浆液经过浆液循环泵13送到石膏离心机14离心，得到脱硫产品石膏固体，离心母液循环回到脱硫塔3的浆液池；Step 3, sending part of the gypsum slurry to the gypsum centrifuge 14 for centrifugation through the slurry circulation pump 13 to obtain the desulfurization product gypsum solid, and the centrifuged mother liquor is circulated back to the slurry pool of the desulfurization tower 3;
步骤四，通过循环泵13将部分石膏浆液输送到澄清器4进行澄清，含固量较低的废水进入废水槽5，含固量较高的浓浆液循环回到脱硫塔3的浆液池，进入废水槽5含固量较低的废水指：含固量小于5％，氯离子含量小于2％的废水；Step 4: Transport part of the gypsum slurry to the clarifier 4 through the circulation pump 13 for clarification, the waste water with a lower solid content enters the waste water tank 5, and the thick slurry with a higher solid content circulates back to the slurry pool of the desulfurization tower 3 and enters Wastewater with low solid content in waste water tank 5 refers to waste water with solid content less than 5% and chloride ion content less than 2%;
步骤五，通过废水输送泵9将废水槽5中的废水加压输送到雾化喷嘴7，借助于原烟气的高温显热将废水快速雾化并干燥，水变为蒸汽，废水中固体杂质被干燥为固体粉末，与原烟气中的粉尘一起进入除尘器1，最终被收集为固体灰渣，实现废水零排放；Step 5: The wastewater in the wastewater tank 5 is pressurized and transported to the atomizing nozzle 7 through the wastewater delivery pump 9, and the wastewater is quickly atomized and dried by means of the high-temperature sensible heat of the original flue gas, and the water becomes steam, and the solid impurities in the wastewater It is dried into solid powder, enters the dust collector 1 together with the dust in the original flue gas, and is finally collected as solid ash to achieve zero discharge of waste water;
步骤六，调节废水输送管线8上的流量调节元件10，使雾化喷嘴7上下游的温度检测元件11显示的温度差控制在9±2℃的范围。Step 6, adjust the flow regulating element 10 on the waste water delivery pipeline 8, so that the temperature difference displayed by the temperature detecting element 11 upstream and downstream of the atomizing nozzle 7 is controlled within the range of 9±2°C.
在本实施例中应用本实施例的系统和方法，处理1t废水，耗电约5kWh，无蒸汽消耗，具有系统运行良好、水质稳定、能耗低、设备结垢量小等特征。In this embodiment, the system and method of this embodiment are applied to treat 1 ton of waste water, the power consumption is about 5kWh, and there is no steam consumption. It has the characteristics of good system operation, stable water quality, low energy consumption, and small equipment fouling.
实施例2Example 2
某电厂烟气脱硫废水量为10m3/h，水质状况如图3所示。The volume of flue gas desulfurization wastewater in a power plant is 10m 3 /h, and the water quality is shown in Figure 3.
本实施例采用的系统与实施例1中的烟气脱硫废水零排放系统不同之处在于，本例中的雾化喷嘴7采用机械旋转雾化喷嘴，省去了实施例1中的空气压缩机12，节省了设备投资。处理1t废水，耗电约4kWh，节省了过程能耗。The difference between the system used in this example and the zero discharge system for flue gas desulfurization wastewater in Example 1 is that the atomizing nozzle 7 in this example uses a mechanical rotating atomizing nozzle, and the air compressor in Example 1 is omitted 12. Save equipment investment. Treating 1 ton of wastewater consumes about 4kWh of electricity, which saves energy consumption in the process.
实施例3Example 3
与实施例1不同的是，本例中通过改进澄清器4的设计和操作条件，使得到的废水中含固量下降至2％以下，有利于下游废水输送泵9和雾化喷嘴7的运行稳定。Different from Example 1, in this example, by improving the design and operating conditions of the clarifier 4, the solid content in the obtained wastewater is reduced to below 2%, which is beneficial to the operation of the downstream wastewater delivery pump 9 and atomizing nozzle 7 Stablize.
实施例4Example 4
某电厂通过优化脱硫塔3的设计和操作条件，使脱硫废水量下降，本实施例中为了提高废水在烟道6中喷雾干燥效果，使雾化喷嘴7上下游的温度检测元件11显示的温度差控制在7±2℃。A power plant reduces the amount of desulfurization wastewater by optimizing the design and operating conditions of the desulfurization tower 3. In this embodiment, in order to improve the spray drying effect of the wastewater in the flue 6, the temperature displayed by the temperature detection element 11 upstream and downstream of the atomizing nozzle 7 is The difference is controlled at 7±2°C.
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions of the embodiments are for those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments, and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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