CN106470059B - downlink multi-user MIMO transmission method - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2689—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation
- H04L27/2691—Link with other circuits, i.e. special connections between synchronisation arrangements and other circuits for achieving synchronisation involving interference determination or cancellation
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Abstract
The invention provides a downlink multi-user MIMO transmission method, for data to be transmitted of a user 1 and a user 2, an eNB also performs pre-interference elimination treatment after layer mapping and before pre-coding: pre-interference elimination is carried out on data to be sent of a user 1, and a signal sent to a user 2 is regarded as known interference; precoding matrix W of the user 11Precoding matrix W containing user 22. The invention can reach the multi-user capacity boundary only by carrying out proper coding at the base station end without carrying out additional operation on a receiver.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a downlink multi-user MIMO transmission method.
background
In MU-MIMO before LTE R13, interference among users is reduced by means of orthogonal transmission. However, from the analysis of information theory, orthogonal transmission is actually a suboptimal transmission mode. If the joint optimization design can be simultaneously carried out from the transmitting end and the receiving end, even if the transmitter adopts a non-orthogonal transmission mode, the receiver adopts an advanced interference cancellation receiver, so that the performance of the receiver is better than that of the orthogonal transmission, and even the theoretical multi-user capacity limit can be reached. Thereby greatly improving the system performance. One implementation is to use Superposition Coding (super Coding). The basic idea is that the system quantizes the channel state into different channel quality levels according to different target transmission rates, each channel quantization level corresponding to a certain target transmission rate. The transmission rate corresponding to a channel quantization level of good quality is higher, and the transmission rate corresponding to a channel quantization level of poor quality is lower. And coding and modulating and mapping the two groups of signals respectively according to different target rates, and then carrying out superposition transmission on the two output constellation points. Another implementation is to use Dirty Paper Coding (Dirty Paper Coding). The basic idea is that when a user sends own signal, the signals of other users are taken as known interference, and the pre-elimination of the known interference signal can be realized through a proper coding mode, so that the purpose of interference-free transmission is achieved.
Superposition coding, while also able to reach the multi-user capacity bound, is strongly dependent on the receiver processing. That is, for a strong user with a good channel condition, it is necessary to detect data of a user with a poor channel condition, remove the data from a received signal, and detect a self signal. The receiver complexity for the user will be increased for the downlink. However, for the dirty paper coding, as long as the transmitter adopts a proper coding mode and a proper processing algorithm, the receiver does not need to perform any additional processing, and the multi-user capacity boundary can be achieved by directly adopting a simple single-user receiver.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a downlink multi-user MIMO transmission method, where for data to be transmitted of user 1 and user 2, the eNB further performs pre-interference cancellation processing after layer mapping and before precoding: pre-interference cancellation is performed on the data to be transmitted of user 1, and the signal transmitted to user 2 is regarded as known interference.
Further, the precoding matrix W of the user 11Precoding matrix W containing user 22。
Further, the inclusion specifically is:
When the number of transmission layers of user 1 and user 2 is the same, W1＝W2；
when the number of transmission layers of user 2 is smaller than that of user 1, W2is W1The certain column or the certain columns.
further, still include:
When the number of transmission layers of two users is the same, the same precoding matrix, i.e. W, is used1＝W2；
When user 1 is 2In layer transmission, user 2 can be layer 1 transmission or layer 2 transmission, if W1＝[w1,w2]Then W is2＝w1、W2＝w2or W1＝W2；
When user 1 is a layer 3 transport, user 2 may be a layer 1 transport, a layer 2 transport, or a layer 3 transport, if W1＝[w1,w2,w2]Then W is2＝w1、W2＝w2、W2＝w3、W2＝[w1,w2]、W2＝[w1,w3]、W2＝[w2,w3]or W1＝W2；
When user 1 is a 4-layer transmission, user 2 may be a 1-layer transmission, a 2-layer transmission, a 3-layer transmission, or a 4-layer transmission, if W is1＝[w1,w2,w3,w4]Then W is2＝w1、W2＝w2、W2＝w3、W2＝w4、W2＝[w1,w2]、W2＝[w1,w3]、W2＝[w1,w4]、W2＝[w2,w3]、W2＝[w2,w4]、W2＝[w3,w4]、W2＝[w1,w2,w3]、W2＝[w1,w2,w4]、W2＝[w1,w3,w4]、W2＝[w2,w3,w4]、W2＝[w1,w2,w3]Or W1＝W2。
Further, the pre-interference cancellation is performed according to the following formula:
x1＝u1-αu2，
wherein u is1Modulation symbol after 1-layer mapping for user；u2For the modulation symbols after user 2-layer mapping, u1And u2Located in the same spatial layer; alpha is the balance factor of the receiving end;Represents the largest integer less than or equal to a;the values of (a) are related to the modulation mode, and are as follows:
Further, still include: and the eNB acquires the balance factor alpha of the receiving end in a proper mode for precoding.
Further, suitable means include:
For a TDD system, calculating by using MMSE (minimum mean square error) or ZF (zero forcing) criterion through the acquired uplink channel matrix;
For FDD systems, acquisition is by feedback.
further, still include:
For a user 1, performing pre-coding and RE mapping on the signal subjected to pre-interference processing to generate and transmit an OFDM symbol;
For user 2, the signal after layer mapping is directly subjected to precoding and RE mapping, and an OFDM symbol is generated and transmitted.
Further, for two user transmissions of the closed loop based on the codebook, the user 1 is a near user, and the user 2 is a far user.
further, for two user transmissions using Larger CDD, both users use the same precoding matrix W.
The invention provides a multi-user MIMO transmission mode suitable for a downlink, and the scheme can achieve a multi-user capacity boundary only by carrying out proper coding at a base station end without carrying out extra operation on a receiver.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a pre-interference cancellation process of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application process of pre-interference cancellation in LTE according to embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; it should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
one embodiment of the present invention provides a downlink multi-user MIMO transmission method, where for data to be transmitted of user 1 and user 2, eNB further performs pre-interference cancellation processing after layer mapping and before precoding: pre-interference cancellation is performed on the data to be transmitted of user 1, and the signal transmitted to user 2 is regarded as known interference.
in an alternative embodiment, the precoding matrix W for user 11Precoding matrix W containing user 22。
In an alternative embodiment, the inclusion is specifically:
When the number of transmission layers of user 1 and user 2 is the same, W1＝W2；
when the number of transmission layers of user 2 is smaller than that of user 1, W2Is W1The certain column or the certain columns.
In an optional embodiment, further comprising:
when the number of transmission layers of two users is the same, the same precoding matrix, i.e. W, is used1＝W2；
when user 1 is layer 2 transmission, user 2 can be layer 1 transmission or layer 2 transmission, if W1＝[w1,w2]Then W is2＝w1、W2＝w2Or W1＝W2；
When user 1 is a layer 3 transport, user 2 may be a layer 1 transport, a layer 2 transport, or a layer 3 transport, if W1＝[w1,w2,w2]Then W is2＝w1、W2＝w2、W2＝w3、W2＝[w1,w2]、W2＝[w1,w3]、W2＝[w2,w3]Or W1＝W2；
When user 1 is a 4-layer transmission, user 2 may be a 1-layer transmission, a 2-layer transmission, a 3-layer transmission, or a 4-layer transmission, if W is1＝[w1,w2,w3,w4]Then W is2＝w1、W2＝w2、W2＝w3、W2＝w4、W2＝[w1,w2]、W2＝[w1,w3]、W2＝[w1,w4]、W2＝[w2,w3]、W2＝[w2,w4]、W2＝[w3,w4]、W2＝[w1,w2,w3]、W2＝[w1,w2,w4]、W2＝[w1,w3,w4]、W2＝[w2,w3,w4]、W2＝[w1,w2,w3]Or W1＝W2。
In an alternative embodiment, the pre-interference cancellation is performed according to the following formula:
x1＝u1-αu2；
Wherein u is1Modulation symbols after mapping for the user layer 1; u. of2For the modulation symbols after user 2-layer mapping, u1and u2Located in the same spaceA layer; alpha is the balance factor of the receiving end;Represents the largest integer less than or equal to a;The values of (a) are related to the modulation mode, and are as follows:
in an optional embodiment, further comprising: and the eNB acquires the balance factor alpha of the receiving end in a proper mode for precoding.
In an alternative embodiment, the suitable means include:
For a TDD system, calculating by using MMSE (minimum mean square error) or ZF (zero forcing) criterion through the acquired uplink channel matrix;
For FDD systems, acquisition is by feedback.
In an optional embodiment, further comprising:
for a user 1, performing pre-coding and RE mapping on the signal subjected to pre-interference processing to generate and transmit an OFDM symbol;
For user 2, the signal after layer mapping is directly subjected to precoding and RE mapping, and an OFDM symbol is generated and transmitted.
in an alternative embodiment, for two user transmissions based on closed loop of codebook, user 1 is the near user and user 2 is the far user.
In an alternative embodiment, for two user transmissions using Larger CDD, both users use the same precoding matrix W.
The invention provides a multi-user MIMO transmission mode suitable for a downlink, and the scheme can achieve a multi-user capacity boundary only by carrying out proper coding at a base station end without carrying out extra operation on a receiver.
Example 1:
Suppose after layer mapping, at a certain pointThe modulated data sent on layer to user 1 and user 2 are u, respectively1And u2Precoding matrices of user 1 and user 2 are W, respectively1and W2. The eNB side performs the pre-interference cancellation procedure as shown in fig. 1 for user 1 and regards the signal sent to user 2 as known interference. Precoding W for user 11Precoding W including user 22Namely: when the transmission layer number of two users is fixed, the requirement W is required1＝W2When the number of transmission layers of user 2 is smaller than that of user 1, W2Is W1The certain column or the certain columns.
Suppose that the eNB performs superposition transmission on signals sent to user 1 and user 2 in a certain layer, and the modulated data to be transmitted are u respectively1And u2。
For user 1, assume that user 1 is receiving a detection signal u1The equalization processing with the factor alpha is performed, and the eNB acquires the equalization factor alpha of the receiving end in a proper manner.
The following interference pre-cancellation is done before precoding:
x1＝u1-αu2，
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,This means that the maximum integer of a or less is taken.the value of (a) is related to the modulation mode of the user 1, and the specific value is shown in table 1. And precoding and RE mapping are carried out on the data after the interference elimination, and OFDM symbols are generated and transmitted.
TABLE 1Comparison table of value and modulation constellation
For user 2, the signal x after layer mapping is directly applied2＝u2And generating and transmitting OFDM symbols through precoding and RE mapping.
To ensure interference-free transmission to user 1, the precoding matrix for user 2 is part of the precoding for user 1.
Example 2: codebook-based closed-loop two-user transmission
The application process of the above-mentioned pre-interference cancellation interference technology in LTE is given in fig. 2. The pre-interference cancellation technique is located between layer mapping and pre-coding. Since only user 1 is pre-interference cancelled, the method only achieves completely interference-free transmission for one user. For user 2, the signal of user 1 appears as gaussian noise. To ensure system performance, a near user and a far user are generally selected for MU transmission, and pre-interference cancellation is performed on the near user, and for the far user, the near user regards the signal sent to user 1 as gaussian noise.
Example 3: two-user transmission using Large CDD
The existing Larger CDD scheme of a single user in LTE supports signal transmission of 2, 3 and 4 layers. The U matrix and the D matrix corresponding to different layer transmission are fixed, and the W matrix can be selected from precoding matrixes. In order to realize interference-free transmission of a certain user, two users adopt the same precoding matrix W.
it can be seen from the above embodiments that, in order to ensure interference-free transmission of user 1, the same precoding is adopted for two users on a signal superposition layer, the number of layers of user 2 is smaller than that of user 1, and the precoding of user 1 includes the precoding of user 2. When the number of transmission layers of two users is the same, the same precoding matrix, i.e. W, is used1＝W2. When user 1 is a two-layer transmission, user 2 can be a 1-layer transmission or a 2-layer transmission, if W is1＝[w1,w2]Then W is2＝w1、W2＝w2Or W1＝W2(ii) a When user 1 is layer 3 transmissionuser 2 may be layer 1, layer 2 or layer 3 transmission, if W1＝[w1,w2,w2]then W is2＝w1、W2＝w2、W2＝w3、W2＝[w1,w2]、W2＝[w1,w3]、W2＝[w2,w3]Or W1＝W2(ii) a When user 1 is a 4-layer transmission, user 2 may be a 1-layer transmission, a 2-layer transmission, a 3-layer transmission, or a 4-layer transmission, if W is1＝[w1,w2,w3,w4]Then W is2＝w1、W2＝w2、W2＝w3、W2＝w4、W2＝[w1,w2]、W2＝[w1,w3]、W2＝[w1,w4]、W2＝[w2,w3]、W2＝[w2,w4]、W2＝[w3,w4]、W2＝[w1,w2,w3]、W2＝[w1,w2,w4]、W2＝[w1,w3,w4]、W2＝[w2,w3,w4]、W2＝[w1,w2,w3]Or W1＝W2。
The modular operation in the pre-elimination process realizes the constellation expansion of the user 1 and ensures the necessary power constraint. In addition, the eNB obtains the equalization factor α of user 1 for precoding in some way: for a TDD system, reciprocity of uplink and downlink can be utilized, and the obtained uplink channel matrix is calculated by utilizing criteria such as MMSE (minimum mean square error) or ZF (zero forcing) and the like; for FDD systems, this can be obtained by feedback.
The invention realizes the simultaneous transmission of two users through a simple pre-interference elimination method, realizes the complete non-interference transmission of one user, and the receiver of the user side does not need to make any modification and can directly adopt a single-user receiver to decode.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or part of the steps for implementing the method embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to program instructions, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program performs the steps including the method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A downlink multi-user MIMO transmission method is characterized in that for data to be transmitted of a user 1 and a user 2, an eNB also performs pre-interference elimination processing after layer mapping and before precoding: pre-interference elimination is carried out on data to be sent of a user 1, and a signal sent to a user 2 is regarded as known interference;
The pre-interference cancellation is performed according to the following formula:
x1＝u1-αu2，
Wherein u is1Modulation symbols, u, after layer-1 mapping for user2For the modulation symbols after user 2-layer mapping, u1And u2located in the same spatial layer;
Alpha is the balance factor of the receiving end;
represents the largest integer less than or equal to a;
The values of (a) are related to the modulation mode, and are as follows:
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the precoding matrix W of user 11Precoding matrix W containing user 22。
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the inclusion is specifically:
When the number of transmission layers of user 1 and user 2 is the same, W1＝W2；
When the number of transmission layers of user 2 is smaller than that of user 1, W2is W1The certain column or the certain columns.
4. the method of claim 2, further comprising:
When the number of transmission layers of two users is the same, the same precoding matrix, i.e. W, is used1＝W2；
When user 1 is layer 2 transmission, user 2 can be layer 1 transmission or layer 2 transmission, if W1＝[w1,w2]then W is2＝w1、W2＝w2Or W1＝W2；
When user 1 is a layer 3 transport, user 2 may be a layer 1 transport, a layer 2 transport, or a layer 3 transport, if W1＝[w1,w2,w2]then W is2＝w1、W2＝w2、W2＝w3、W2＝[w1,w2]、W2＝[w1,w3]、W2＝[w2,w3]or W1＝W2；
When user 1 is a 4-layer transmission, user 2 may be a 1-layer transmission, a 2-layer transmission, a 3-layer transmission, or a 4-layer transmission, if W is1＝[w1,w2,w3,w4]Then W is2＝w1、W2＝w2、W2＝w3、W2＝w4、W2＝[w1,w2]、W2＝[w1,w3]、W2＝[w1,w4]、W2＝[w2,w3]、W2＝[w2,w4]、W2＝[w3,w4]、W2＝[w1,w2,w3]、W2＝[w1,w2,w4]、W2＝[w1,w3,w4]、W2＝[w2,w3,w4]、W2＝[w1,w2,w3]Or W1＝W2。
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the eNB acquires the balance factor alpha of the receiving end for the precoding, and the mode of acquiring the alpha comprises the following steps:
For a TDD system, calculating by using MMSE (minimum mean square error) or ZF (zero forcing) criterion through the acquired uplink channel matrix;
For FDD systems, acquisition is by feedback.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
For a user 1, performing pre-coding and RE mapping on the signal subjected to pre-interference processing to generate and transmit an OFDM symbol;
For user 2, the signal after layer mapping is directly subjected to precoding and RE mapping, and an OFDM symbol is generated and transmitted.
7. The method according to any of claims 1-6, wherein for two user transmissions based on closed loop of codebook, user 1 is a near user and user 2 is a far user.
8. The method according to any of claims 1-6, wherein for two user transmissions using Larger CDD, the two users use the same precoding matrix W.
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