CN106443809B - Acceleration of gravity experimental system and method based on laser measurement rotating liquid difference in height - Google Patents
Acceleration of gravity experimental system and method based on laser measurement rotating liquid difference in height Download PDFInfo
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- CN106443809B CN106443809B CN201611019793.7A CN201611019793A CN106443809B CN 106443809 B CN106443809 B CN 106443809B CN 201611019793 A CN201611019793 A CN 201611019793A CN 106443809 B CN106443809 B CN 106443809B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of acceleration of gravity experimental system and method based on laser measurement rotating liquid difference in height, system includes rotational speed control module, laser, camera and rotating device, wherein, the rotating device includes bracket, distance-measurement module is fixed on the bracket, the mobile module moved along bracket is provided on the bracket, the bracket bottom end is provided with rotary-tray, water container is placed on pallet, the rotational speed control module control rotary-tray rotation, laser is placed on the mobile module, the camera acquisition laser passes through the laser optical path image of rotating liquid concave meniscus in water container.The camera is connected with processor, and the processor receives the laser emitting image of different height.Experimental phenomena of the present invention is whether laser optical path reflects, and experimental phenomena is clear and obvious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of acceleration of gravity experimental system and method based on laser measurement rotating liquid difference in height.
Background technique
Before more than 300 years, by newton et al. experiment bucket test discovery, when the water in bucket when rotated, water will form
Whirlpool.Its surface shape of the liquid of rotation is a paraboloid, this is as caused by the gravity of the earth.Then we can use
This point measures acceleration of gravity.
In experimental system, one fill liquid radius be R hydrostatic column around the cylindrical body symmetry axis with angle speed
Spend ω at the uniform velocity stable rotation when, the surface of liquid forms paraboloid.
If liquid level is h, the volume of liquid when liquid does not rotate are as follows:
V=π R2h (1)
Because volume remains unchanged before and after liquid in rotation, liquid volume be may be expressed as: when rotation
It is obtained by (2), (3) formula:
If the difference in height of liquid level highest point and lowest part is Δ h, point (R, y0+ Δ h) is on the parabola of liquid level, i.e.,So pushing away
Δ h, D, T are measured, (4) formula is brought into and acquires g.
In original rotary liquid comprehensive experimental instrument, rotating liquid height difference measuring acceleration of gravity, experiment instrument are utilized
Device installs the transparent bucket with upper and lower scale on the rotatable platform controlled by speed controlling and adjusted module, and rotation speed is by surveying
Speed and display module control and display are read, and the difference in height of highs and lows is by the scale on transparent bucket in rotary course
Ruler on paper or side support, which is estimated, to be read.
It is according to the most concave surface and the corresponding graduation mark of highest point of visually seeing rotating liquid or side support in existing experiment
Ruler reading, can thus there is a problem of two it is obvious.Firstly, instrument accuracy itself is not high, reading grid is manual
It is attached on bucket, whether grid is horizontal, and there is no any proofreading methods, and after bucket starts rotation, the coordinate line of grid is past
Past is not horizontal.Secondly, experimental phenomena is fuzzy, naked eyes reading error is larger, the water in bucket be it is transparent, after rotation up and down
Boundary is not very clear, and the thing for visually observing rotation is easy fatigue, and reading is attached on bucket wall using number
There is no the grid of numerical value, this brings great error to experimental data again, and minimum point and the highest point judgement for rotating the page are tired
Difficulty, graph paper is fuzzy, and error in reading is very big.
Summary of the invention
The present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems, proposes a kind of gravity acceleration based on laser measurement rotating liquid difference in height
Experimental system and method are spent, the present invention utilizes the reflection of laser and the difference in height of refraction principle precise measurement rotating liquid, height
The reading of difference can use range estimation experimental phenomena or read the reading judgement or the acquisition of image analysis laser brightness of laser power meter,
Accuracy greatly improves, and then calculates acceleration of gravity.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of acceleration of gravity experimental system based on laser measurement rotating liquid difference in height, including rotational speed control module,
Laser, camera and rotating device, wherein the rotating device includes bracket, and range measurement mould is fixed on the bracket
Block is provided with the mobile module moved along bracket on the bracket, and the bracket bottom end is provided with rotary-tray, places on pallet
There is water container, the rotational speed control module control rotary-tray rotates, and is placed with laser, the camera shooting on the mobile module
Head acquisition laser passes through the laser optical path image of rotating liquid concave meniscus in water container.The camera is connected with processor, institute
State the laser emitting image that processor receives different height.
The bracket is screw rod.
The mobile module is movably fixed on screw rod by leveling serew.
The water container is loaded with transparency liquid, and being added in the transparency liquid has black ink.
In rotary course, laser optical path is reflected in the water surface, to judge highs and lows.
The processor obtains the overall strength of red channel, same group of photo according to the exit image of different height laser
Red laser intensity normalize it is poor with decision height.
Measurement method based on above system, comprising the following steps:
(1) liquid is added in water container, adjusts the level of laser, open laser, turn to move up laser head slowly,
And incident angle is adjusted, so that it is occurred complete optical path on liquid level, because liquid level is horizontal flat, laser level is emitted at this time；
(2) rotary-tray is rotated, after spin stabilization, the laser head after adjusting slowly is moved upwards, in lower horizontal
Emission parts sampling；
(3) close at concave meniscus, close sampling, the concave meniscus minimum point acquired are carried out；
(4) deviation position occurs for light with spacing acquisition image within the scope of this concave meniscus；
(5) image of height with light intensity is obtained using processor, difference in height is obtained from image；
(6) change different rotating speeds, repeatedly calculated, obtain the corresponding data of vertical height and laser emitting power.
In the step (1), liquid adds black ink according to the ratio of 2:1000.
In the step (6), the overall strength of laser channeling is obtained by Digital Image Processing, the laser of same group of photo is strong
It is poor with decision height that degree is normalized.
The invention has the benefit that accuracy is high, the horizontal flat adjustment screw that can be used of laser is adjusted, and its height is then
Using corresponding high-precision ruler, the influence of liquid barrel rotation is not received.Experimental phenomena is clear, and whether laser optical path occurs in experiment
Change high-visible, it is no longer that naked eyes estimate the liquid for reading rotation that experimental phenomena is clear and obvious easily observation.Reading is simple, error
Small, MATLAB data processing is accurate.Solve the problems, such as that cylinder reads difficult and inaccurate, fixed graduated scale reading in rotation
It is convenient, accurate.After the photo for handling camera shooting, DATA REASONING error is smaller.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is schematic structural view of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the laser emitting power curve schematic diagram of different height of the invention.
Wherein, 1 is screw rod spiral shell into rotating handle, and 2 be screw rod, and 3 be high-precision ruler, and 4 be transparent bucket, and 5 be to be fixed on movement
Laser and leveling serew in module, 6 be rotary-tray, and 7 be chassis, and 8 be revolving speed controller, and 9 be camera.
Specific embodiment:
The invention will be further described with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
It is according to the most concave surface and the corresponding graduation mark of highest point of visually seeing rotating liquid or side support in existing experiment
Ruler reading, can thus there is a problem of two it is obvious.Firstly, instrument accuracy itself is not high, reading grid is manual
It is attached on bucket, whether grid is horizontal, and there is no any proofreading methods, and after bucket starts rotation, the coordinate line of grid is past
Past is not horizontal.Secondly, experimental phenomena is fuzzy, naked eyes reading error is larger, the water in bucket be it is transparent, after rotation up and down
Boundary is not very clear, and the thing for visually observing rotation is easy fatigue, and reading is attached on bucket wall using number
There is no the grid of numerical value, this brings great error to experimental data again.Minimum point and the highest point judgement for rotating the page are tired
Difficulty, graph paper is fuzzy, and error in reading is very big.
Learn that this experimental results error is all larger from analysis of experimental data over the years investigation, mainly difference in height reads inaccurate
Really, for the error of basic experiment data analysis all 20% or so, error is considerably less less than 5%.The following are use old device institute
The one group of data measured:
Experimental provision in the present invention is real using the reflection of laser and the difference in height of refraction principle precise measurement rotating liquid
It tests phenomenon and is whether laser optical path reflects, experimental phenomena is clear and obvious, and reading is read using high-precision ruler fixed on screw rod
Number is clear and accuracy is high, and the reading of difference in height can also use record shoot laser other than it can use range estimation experimental phenomena
Photo captured by the camera of image, analysis laser brightness obtain, and accuracy greatly improves after data processing.
Tyndall, John scattering can occur in emulsion and colloid for laser, be found through experiments that with this phenomenon of tusche aqueous solution
It is obvious, and in rotary course, tusche aqueous nature is stablized, and laser optical path is apparent always.
For the optical path for observing laser, a certain proportion of black ink is added in transparent water, laser optical path is high-visible, will
For laser from side glancing incidence, whether horizontal three screws using laser head of laser adjust the incident horizontal tranquil sealing of laser level
Face.Laser head and adjustment screw are fixed on screw rod fixture block, the spiral shell of rotary screw upper end into rotating handle, laser head can on move down
Dynamic, position is read by the ruler by screw rod.A camera is placed in the other side of laser, for shooting different height
Shoot laser photo, then obtain the corresponding data of vertical height and laser emitting power with Matlab processing photo again.
Reflection and refraction effect due to laser, in rotary course, in the water surface apparent refraction occurs for laser optical path, can be with
Apparent judgement highs and lows, experimental phenomena obviously easily judge.Meanwhile laser is faced in the other side and places one
A camera shoots the power of shoot laser, and if laser position does not enter rotating liquid concave meniscus, then laser optical path passes through bucket
In water (downside) or air (upside), optical path will not reflect, camera shoot image brightness it is higher, such as laser position
Into rotating liquid concave meniscus, since laser is reflected in concavity, significant change, camera shooting figure occur for laser optical path
The brightness of picture is significantly reduced.Change from apparent optical path with the brightness calculation of image and determine minimum point and highest point, and counts
Calculated altitude is poor.
After the outgoing photo of different height laser imports Matlab program, red channel is obtained by Digital Image Processing
Overall strength, it is poor with decision height that the red laser intensity of same group of photo is normalized.When difference in height is read, laser variation is chosen
It is the highs and lows of difference in height among process, difference in height is read from curvilinear coordinate figure, as shown in Figure 2.
Use the experimental procedure of the present apparatus:
1. with the internal diameter of vernier caliper measurement cylinder.
2. cylinder bubble and scale is adjusted level, suitable water is then added within the barrel, water surface elevation is from cylinder
Mouth 3-5cm is advisable, and adds black ink according to the ratio of 2:1000, stirs evenly.
3. adjusting the level of laser, semiconductor laser is opened, rotary screw rod moves up laser head slowly, and adjusts
Incident angle makes it occur complete optical path on liquid level, and because liquid level is horizontal flat, laser level is emitted at this time.
4. open motor power, after drum and water surface spin stabilization, upwards slowly it is mobile adjust after laser head, under
Square horizontal exit part can carry out grab sampling, take several groups of photos less.
5. carrying out close sampling close at concave meniscus, clap takes several photos more, the more complete essence of the image made
Really, more acurrate obtained concave meniscus minimum point.
6. moving up again, deviation, which occurs, for light within the scope of this concave meniscus can choose spacing appropriate to capture a photograph.
7. obtaining the image of height with light intensity with Matlab processing photo, difference in height is obtained from image.
8. changing different rotating speeds, bat takes multiple groups photo.
Use the experimental data of the present apparatus:
After improvement, experimental phenomena is obvious in experimental data measurement process, convenient reading, and by being more than that multiple groups are tested
Card, experimental error 5% or so, not only contribute to the observation of experimental phenomena, and experimental data error greatly reduces, such as
Under be wherein several groups of data:
Above-mentioned, although the foregoing specific embodiments of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, not protects model to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solutions of the present invention, those skilled in the art are not
Need to make the creative labor the various modifications or changes that can be made still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of acceleration of gravity experimental system based on laser measurement rotating liquid difference in height, it is characterized in that: including revolving speed control
Molding block, laser, camera and rotating device, wherein the rotating device includes bracket, is fixed with distance on the bracket
Measurement module is provided with the mobile module moved along bracket on the bracket, and the bracket bottom end is provided with rotary-tray, pallet
On be placed with water container, the rotational speed control module control rotary-tray rotation is placed with laser on the mobile module, institute
The laser optical path image that camera acquisition laser passes through rotating liquid concave meniscus in water container is stated, the camera is connected with processing
Device, the processor receive the laser emitting image of different height；
The water container is loaded with transparency liquid, and being added in the transparency liquid has black ink, adds according to the ratio of 2:1000
Black ink, in rotary course, tusche aqueous nature is stablized, and laser optical path is apparent always；
If laser position does not enter rotating liquid concave meniscus, then laser optical path passes through the water of the downside in bucket or the sky of upside
Gas, optical path will not reflect, and the brightness that camera shoots image is higher, if laser position enters rotating liquid concave meniscus, rotation
During turning, since laser is reflected in concavity, significant change occurs for laser optical path, and camera shoots the brightness of image
It significantly reduces, the processor is changed according to apparent optical path and the exit image of different height laser, obtains red channel
Overall strength, the red laser intensity of same group of photo are normalized to determine that minimum point and highest point are poor with decision height.
2. a kind of acceleration of gravity experimental system based on laser measurement rotating liquid difference in height as described in claim 1,
Be characterized in: the bracket is screw rod.
3. a kind of acceleration of gravity experimental system based on laser measurement rotating liquid difference in height as claimed in claim 2,
Be characterized in: the mobile module is movably fixed on screw rod by leveling serew.
4. based on the measurement method of the system as described in claims 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: the following steps are included:
(1) liquid is added in water container, adjusts the level of laser, open laser, turn to move up laser head slowly, and adjust
Incident angle is saved, it is made to occur complete optical path on liquid level, because liquid level is horizontal flat, laser level is emitted at this time；
(2) rotate rotary-tray, after spin stabilization, the laser head after slow mobile adjusting, is emitted in lower horizontal upwards
Subsampling；
(3) close at concave meniscus, close sampling, the concave meniscus minimum point acquired are carried out；
(4) deviation position occurs for light with spacing acquisition image within the scope of this concave meniscus；
(5) image of height with light intensity is obtained using processor, difference in height is obtained from image；
(6) change different rotating speeds, repeatedly calculated, obtain the corresponding data of vertical height and laser emitting power.
5. measurement method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: being swashed in the step (6) by Digital Image Processing
The overall strength of optical channel, it is poor with decision height that the laser intensity of same group of photo is normalized.
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| CN109612923B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2021-10-29 | 长江大学 | Liquid experimental instrument with different rotation modes based on imaging system and use method |
| CN109754679A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-14 | 北京理工大学 | Hydrostatic pressure is distributed demonstration instrument for teaching |
| CN110930834B (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-10-12 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Experimental device and method for obtaining liquid level height difference of uniform accelerated motion |
| CN110807975B (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-10-12 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | Experimental method for measuring gravitational acceleration by using overflowing liquid |
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| CN204679151U (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2015-09-30 | 武汉新烽光电科技有限公司 | A kind of liquid level gauge measuring liquid level in clear vial |
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| CN103697966A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-04-02 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for measuring height of micro-amplitude liquid surface wave in real time |
| CN204679151U (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2015-09-30 | 武汉新烽光电科技有限公司 | A kind of liquid level gauge measuring liquid level in clear vial |
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