CN106441087B - Workpiece multi-size multi-parameter measuring method based on image processing - Google Patents
Workpiece multi-size multi-parameter measuring method based on image processing Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003708 edge detection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a workpiece multi-size multi-parameter measuring method based on image processing, which realizes multi-size multi-parameter measurement of an object to be measured under a measuring platform. The platform consists of processing software, a scanner, a camera, a linear motor, a moving slide rail and the like. Before a batch of workpieces are measured, required parameters are input through control software, the required parameters are compared with a preset threshold value, and different processing modules are started according to the characteristics of the measured parameters. After the corresponding method is selected, the position of the area to be measured is estimated through shooting of a camera and parameters preset by software, the linear motor drives a scanner to scan a workpiece through a sliding rail, and after point cloud data are obtained, absolute values of the parameters are calculated. The invention aims to construct a universal measuring platform, reduce the cost and the measuring time and meet the precision requirement of sub-measurement.
Description
Technical field
It is one kind using image procossing as core the present invention relates to technologies such as image procossing, machine vision and sensors, base
In more size multi-parameter universal measurement methods of laser scanning.
Background technique
Traditional detection method mainly uses contact type measurement, usually on fixed measuring table using sine gauge,
The tools such as vernier caliper, Centigrade scale, or the three coordinate measuring machine etc. using touch sensor.Traditional measurement mode is in speed
The performance of aspect is unsatisfactory, is difficult meet the needs of industrial production detection at this stage.With photoelectric technology and computer technology
And the development of machine vision, the non-contacting measurement method such as photogrammetric, line laser, laser scanner have obtained answering extensively
With.Laser scanning methods can obtain a large amount of measurement point in a very short period of time, therefore be widely applied to three-dimensional appearance
The fields such as detection, geometric dimension detection, large scale equipment defects detection.
Workpiece calibration technology based on image procossing, with it with non-contact, high speed, dynamic range is big, information content is rich
Many advantages, such as richness, relative inexpensiveness, increasingly important role is occupied in commercial measurement and piece test.In large-scale work
In part measuring system, the structure size of workpiece is adequately measured, first has to the complete image of high-resolution for extracting workpiece.So
And due to the limitation of the factors such as the visual field of measurement, shooting distance, it can not be by once shooting acquisition when image obtains.Work as quilt
When surveying Workpiece length beyond video camera coverage, then requires to obtain multiple image by repeatedly shooting, utilize image mosaic skill
Art synthesizes high-resolution complete image.
The method of non-cpntact measurement is more at present, but few for the unified measuring table of sizes, many kinds of parameters, this
It is innovation.Vision and laser combine simultaneously, and previous combination is the position that laser reflection point is read by vision.Ours is special
Sharp feature is: by big where software pre-input and the workpiece for utilizing vision (shooting marker assists in identifying) judgement that need to measure
Position is caused, is automatically controlled by linear motor.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above of the prior art, provide based on image procossing
The more size Multi-parameter Measurement Methods of workpiece, specifically there is two sets of plan.
First sets of plan are as follows: a kind of more size Multi-parameter Measurement Methods of workpiece based on image procossing are based on a kind of measurement
Platform realizes that the measuring table composition includes: that surface is provided with the regional platform to be measured of scale, is set to region to be measured
Fixed commercial measurement camera and gantry frame structure above platform, the gantry frame structure have two-dimentional sliding rail, and motor is fixed on two
It ties up on sliding rail, can be slided in the XY two-dimensional surface above regional platform to be measured, the motor is equipped with laser scanner；It is described
Measurement method the following steps are included:
The workpiece parameter that step 1, input need to measure；
Step 2, fixed commercial measurement camera shoot workpiece, estimate work using the scale of regional platform to be measured
Part size and location；
Step 3 passes through the pass of the workpiece of estimation length in the X-axis direction and the single sweep operation width of laser scanner
System, judges that can workpiece be completed by single pass；
If step 4, workpiece can be completed by single pass, motor is moved to corresponding position, uses laser scanning
Instrument is scanned workpiece, and to scanning, acquired point cloud data is handled, and obtains required workpiece parameter；
If step 5, workpiece cannot be completed by single pass, it is a that [N/M] is uniformly placed along the x axis in workpiece surface
Marker, wherein N is the length of workpiece in the X-axis direction, and M is laser scanner single sweep operation width, and workpiece is in X-direction quilt
Marker is divided into+1 region [N/M]；
Step 6 is scanned respectively using+1 region [N/M] of laser scanner to workpiece, and is made using marker
Splice for point cloud data of the object of reference to acquisition, obtains the point cloud data of workpiece, required workpiece parameter is obtained after processing.
Wherein, the workpiece parameter includes workpiece size, opening diameter, circle center distance of aperture etc..
Further, it is also equipped with commercial measurement camera on the motor, for shooting to workpiece.
Further, the marker is diamond shape.Preferably, the long-diagonal of diamond shape is parallel with Y-axis, diamond shape it is short
Diagonal line is parallel with X-axis.
Another sets of plan is: a kind of more size Multi-parameter Measurement Methods of workpiece based on image procossing, it is characterised in that: base
It is realized in a kind of measuring table, the measuring table composition includes: that surface is provided with the regional platform to be measured of scale, setting
Fixed commercial measurement camera and gantry frame structure above regional platform to be measured, the gantry frame structure have two-dimentional sliding rail, electricity
Machine is fixed on two-dimentional sliding rail, can be slided in the XY two-dimensional surface above regional platform to be measured, the motor is equipped with industry
Measure camera；The measurement method the following steps are included:
The workpiece surface parameter information that step 1, input need to measure；
Step 2, fixed commercial measurement camera shooting shoot workpiece, and the scale using regional platform to be measured is estimated
Calculate workpiece size and location；
Step 3, workpiece size based on estimates judge that can the commercial measurement camera that be installed on motor disposable
Obtain workpiece surface image；
If step 4, workpiece surface image can once shoot acquisition by the commercial measurement camera, then motor is moved to
Above workpiece, workpiece is shot by commercial measurement camera thereon, obtains workpiece image, and go to step 6；
If step 5, workpiece surface image cannot once shoot acquisition by the commercial measurement camera, then motor is moved to
Above workpiece, workpiece is repeatedly shot by commercial measurement camera thereon, the image of acquisition is spliced, work is obtained
Part image, and go to step 6；
Step 6 carries out image procossing to workpiece image；
Step 7 carries out feature extraction to image, and then obtains workpiece surface parameter.
Further, in step 5, feature extraction is carried out to more sub-pictures, and carry out image mosaic according to the feature of extraction.
Further, in step 6, first image is filtered and enhancing is handled, then passes through binarization threshold
Workpiece is extracted in segmentation, finally utilizes the boundary information of edge detection and positioning confirmation workpiece.
The invention has the benefit that due to not needing to set using complicated laser path, with existing technical foundation
Be applied improvement, while reducing measurement cost, also reduces the difficulty of measurement, and save the time of measurement.Due to making
It is laser scanning instrumentation, and different models can be selected according to demand, is also ensured in the precision aspect of measurement.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1-1 is measuring table top view illustration.
Fig. 1-2 is measuring table side view schematic diagram.
Fig. 2-1 is the workpiece calibration flow chart in present example 1.
Fig. 2-2 is the workpiece calibration flow chart in present example 2.
Fig. 3 is that big workpiece scanning flag object places schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
First as shown in Figure 1, construction platform frame.Gantry frame structure has two-dimentional sliding rail, and linear motor is in two-dimensional directional
On can move.As shown, mark linear motor longitudinal movement direction used here as X, Y marks transverse shifting direction,
X is set according to the demand of platform measuring simultaneously, the length of Y, X, Y length can satisfy required precision up to 3-4M.Linear motor
It is upper with designing mechanical fixings connection CCD high-definition camera (commercial measurement camera) and laser scanner, and CCD high definition is taken the photograph
Camera and laser scanner can carry out the fine tuning of angle by mechanical fixings, to adapt to the measurement environment under different situations.
Secondly, regional platform to be measured is as shown in Figure 1, have certain height with linear motor guide rail, that is, linear motor motion layer
H is spent, H must satisfy in the maximum height claimed range of laser scanner, and the precision otherwise scanned can generate biggish error, together
When CCD high definition camera also to be set accordingly according to the data of H.Regional platform layer surface to be measured is smooth, and its
On have apparent scale i.e. auxiliary calibration, also can fixed range add marker, that is, auxiliary sign object, auxiliary calibration and
The introducing of auxiliary sign object more preferably can more easily estimate the position of workpiece and the size of workpiece, and can save one
Between timesharing., can also be below one X-axis both ends of figure if required parameter is too simple single, the additional installation two in the upper half area H
Camera carries out auxiliary shooting, for the information of the width of the workpiece and height can carry out auxiliary determination, when can save certain
Between, consider that the factor of cost and price is accepted or rejected, is equally a high-definition camera of installation in X-axis overcentre, is not having
Under the premise of having the above-mentioned two video camera of installation, for assisting shooting, the visual angle of this video camera can include measuring table.Two
Between a level with bracket or other be attached fixation, and there are the spaces of transformation and upgrade.Platform is also equipped with dedicated PC machine,
The hardware of PC machine is individually to be upgraded, to reach the hardware configuration requirement of different demands.Data transmission is using wired
Wireless two ways, wired carry out data connection is stablized, but route is various, and volume exclusion is more；Wireless data connection is simple,
Fast, occupied space is few, the disadvantage is that stability is not so good as wire transmission.Data storage is equipped with large capacity solid state hard disk.
1 measurement method of embodiment:
In some cases, it needs to obtain workpiece parameter using laser scanning, then using the process such as Fig. 2-1, into
Row workpiece calibration, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, input need the workpiece parameter that measures, workpiece parameter include workpiece size, opening diameter, aperture the center of circle
Distance etc.；
Step 2, fixed commercial measurement camera shoot workpiece, estimate work using the scale of regional platform to be measured
Part size and location；
Step 3 passes through the pass of the workpiece of estimation length in the X-axis direction and the single sweep operation width of laser scanner
System, judges that can workpiece be completed by single pass；
If step 4, workpiece can be completed by single pass, motor is moved to corresponding position, uses laser scanning
Instrument is scanned workpiece, and to scanning, acquired point cloud data is handled, and obtains required workpiece parameter；
If step 5, workpiece cannot be completed by single pass, uniformly [N/M] is placed along the x axis in workpiece surface
A diamond sign object, the long-diagonal of diamond shape is parallel with Y-axis, and the short diagonal of diamond shape is parallel with X-axis, and wherein N is workpiece in X-axis
Length on direction, M are laser scanner single sweep operation width, and workpiece is divided into+1 area [N/M] in the flagged object of X-direction
Domain；By taking Fig. 3 as an example, workpiece surface is placed with 2 diamond sign objects, and workpiece surface is divided into 3 regions；
Step 6 is scanned respectively using+1 region [N/M] of laser scanner to workpiece, and utilizes diamond sign
Object is that object of reference splices the point cloud data of acquisition, obtains the point cloud data of workpiece, and required workpiece ginseng is obtained after processing
Number.By taking Fig. 3 as an example, workpiece (gradually) is scanned 3 regions (three bands) respectively, obtains three parts of point cloud datas, data
Middle there are overlapped ingredients, after transferring data to computer, carry out data splicing, obtain complete workpiece
Point cloud data.
2 measurement method of embodiment:
In some cases, need to obtain workpiece parameter using taking pictures, such as: need the image parameter of workpiece surface to believe
Breath only needs one-sided workpiece surface information, then carrying out workpiece calibration, including following step using the process such as Fig. 2-2
It is rapid:
The workpiece surface parameter information that step 1, input need to measure；
Step 2, fixed commercial measurement camera shooting shoot workpiece, and the scale using regional platform to be measured is estimated
Calculate workpiece size and location；
Step 3, workpiece size based on estimates judge that can the commercial measurement camera that be installed on motor disposable
Obtain workpiece surface image；
If step 4, workpiece surface image can once shoot acquisition by the commercial measurement camera, then motor is moved to
Above workpiece, workpiece is shot by commercial measurement camera thereon, obtains workpiece image, and go to step 6；
If step 5, workpiece surface image cannot once shoot acquisition by the commercial measurement camera, then motor is moved to
Above workpiece, workpiece is repeatedly shot by commercial measurement camera thereon, the image of acquisition is spliced, work is obtained
Part image, and go to step 6；In this step, feature extraction is carried out to more sub-pictures, and carry out image spelling according to the feature of extraction
It connects；
Step 6 carries out image procossing to workpiece image, and image processing process is: first image being filtered and increased
Strength reason, is then divided by binarization threshold and extracts workpiece, is finally believed using the boundary of edge detection and positioning confirmation workpiece
Breath；
Step 7 carries out feature extraction to image, and then obtains workpiece surface parameter.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.It is all to use equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation shape
At technical solution, fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of more size Multi-parameter Measurement Methods of workpiece based on image procossing are realized, the survey based on a kind of measuring table
Measuring platform composition includes: that surface is provided with the regional platform to be measured of scale, the fixation being set to above regional platform to be measured
Commercial measurement camera and gantry frame structure, the gantry frame structure have two-dimentional sliding rail, and motor is fixed on two-dimentional sliding rail, can be
Sliding, the motor are equipped with laser scanner in XY two-dimensional surface above regional platform to be measured；The measurement method includes
Following steps:
The workpiece parameter that step 1, input need to measure；
Step 2, the fixed commercial measurement camera shoot workpiece, estimate work using the scale of regional platform to be measured
Part size and location；
Step 3, by the relationship between estimation workpiece length in the X-axis direction and laser scanner single sweep operation width, sentence
Can disconnected workpiece be completed by single pass；
If step 4, workpiece can be completed by single pass, motor is moved to corresponding position, uses laser scanner pair
Workpiece is scanned, and to scanning, acquired point cloud data is handled, and obtains required workpiece parameter；
If step 5, workpiece cannot be completed by single pass, [N/M] a diamond shape is uniformly placed along the x axis in workpiece surface
Marker, wherein N is the length of workpiece in the X-axis direction, and M is laser scanner single sweep operation width, and workpiece is in X-direction quilt
Diamond sign object is divided into+1 region [N/M], and the long-diagonal of the diamond shape is parallel with Y-axis, the short diagonal and X-axis of diamond shape
In parallel；
Step 6 is scanned respectively using+1 region [N/M] of laser scanner to workpiece, and using marker as ginseng
Splice according to point cloud data of the object to acquisition, obtains the point cloud data of workpiece, required workpiece parameter is obtained after processing.
2. the more size Multi-parameter Measurement Methods of a kind of workpiece based on image procossing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The workpiece parameter include workpiece size, opening diameter, aperture circle center distance.
3. the more size Multi-parameter Measurement Methods of a kind of workpiece based on image procossing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Commercial measurement camera is also equipped on the motor, for shooting to workpiece.
4. a kind of more size Multi-parameter Measurement Methods of workpiece based on image procossing, it is characterised in that: be based on a kind of measuring table
It realizes, the measuring table composition includes: that surface is provided with the regional platform to be measured of scale, is set to regional platform to be measured
The fixation commercial measurement camera and gantry frame structure of top, the gantry frame structure have two-dimentional sliding rail, and motor is fixed on two dimension
On sliding rail, it can be slided in the XY two-dimensional surface above regional platform to be measured, the motor is equipped with commercial measurement camera；It is described
Measurement method the following steps are included:
The workpiece surface parameter information that step 1, input need to measure；
Step 2, the fixed commercial measurement camera shoot workpiece, estimate work using the scale of regional platform to be measured
Part size and location；
Step 3, workpiece size based on estimates judge that can the commercial measurement camera that be installed on motor disposably obtain
Workpiece surface image；
If step 4, workpiece surface image can once shoot acquisition by the commercial measurement camera, then motor is moved to workpiece
Top shoots workpiece by commercial measurement camera thereon, obtains workpiece image, and go to step 6；
If step 5, workpiece surface image cannot once shoot acquisition by the commercial measurement camera, then motor is moved to workpiece
[N/M] a diamond sign object is uniformly placed in workpiece surface in top along the x axis, and wherein N is the length of workpiece in the X-axis direction
Degree, M are laser scanner single sweep operation width, and workpiece is divided into+1 region [N/M], institute by diamond sign object in X-direction
The long-diagonal for stating diamond shape is parallel with Y-axis, and the short diagonal of diamond shape is parallel with X-axis；By commercial measurement camera thereon to work
Part is repeatedly shot, and is spliced to the image of acquisition, obtains workpiece image, and go to step 6；
Step 6 carries out image procossing to workpiece image；
Step 7 carries out feature extraction to image, and then obtains workpiece surface parameter.
5. the more size Multi-parameter Measurement Methods of a kind of workpiece based on image procossing according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
In step 5, feature extraction is carried out to more sub-pictures, and carry out image mosaic according to the feature of extraction.
6. the more size Multi-parameter Measurement Methods of a kind of workpiece based on image procossing according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
In step 6, first image is filtered and enhancing is handled, then divided by binarization threshold and extract workpiece, last benefit
With the boundary information of edge detection and positioning confirmation workpiece.
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| CN106885530A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-06-23 | 华南理工大学 | The three-dimensional information acquisition method and system of a kind of microstructural surfaces |
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