CN106424091A - Domestic rubbish treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, and discloses a domestic garbage treatment system. The domestic waste treatment system includes: a dehydration device, a crushing device, a drying device and a cracking device; wherein, the discharge port of the dehydration device is connected to the feed port of the crushing device, and the feed port of the drying device is connected to the discharge port of the crushing device. The feed port of the cracking device is connected with the discharge port of the drying device, and the cracking device is provided with an air outlet, an oil outlet and a feed outlet. Through the above technical proposal, the present invention converts domestic garbage into energy substances such as combustible gas, tar, ash, etc., and realizes resource recovery and utilization of garbage.

Description

A domestic waste treatment system

technical field

The embodiment of the present invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a domestic garbage cracking system.

Background technique

With the development of economy, the continuous increase of population and the improvement of people's living standards, the amount of garbage produced in cities and villages is also increasing. Most municipal wastes are treated by landfill, incineration and composting. However, with the rapid development of the economy and the improvement of the level of urbanization, it is difficult to find suitable landfill sites around the city, and the use of most landfill sites has exceeded expectations. Due to the complex composition of garbage, incineration can easily produce highly polluting substances such as dioxin, which poses a serious threat to the natural environment and people's health. Domestic waste composting has a large amount and low nutrient content. Long-term use will easily cause soil compaction and groundwater quality deterioration, so the scale of composting should not be too large.

Efficient and reasonable disposal of municipal solid waste can not only alleviate the pressure of environmental pollution, but also recycle renewable energy, save a lot of limited material resources, and form a virtuous circle of material utilization.

Contents of the invention

The embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a domestic waste treatment system, which can realize the treatment of domestic waste by cracking, convert the domestic waste into combustible gas, tar, ash and other energy substances, and realize the recycling and utilization of waste resources.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, a technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a domestic waste treatment system, including: a dehydration device, a crushing device, a drying device and a cracking device; the outlet of the dehydration device is connected to the The feed port of the crushing device is connected, the feed port of the drying device is connected with the discharge port of the crushing device, the feed port of the cracking device is connected with the discharge port of the drying device, and the The cracking device is provided with an air outlet, an oil outlet and a material outlet; the dehydration device is used for dehydrating the input garbage, and the crushing device is used for crushing the garbage after the dehydration. The drying device is used to dry the garbage after the crushing treatment, and perform secondary dehydration treatment on the garbage, and the cracking device is used to crack the garbage after the secondary dehydration treatment to obtain combustible gas, tar and ash , and respectively output the combustible gas, tar and ash through the gas outlet, oil outlet and material outlet of the cracking device.

Optionally, the domestic waste treatment system also includes: a steam boiler, a steam generator and an electric control unit; the gas inlet of the steam boiler is connected to the gas outlet of the cracking device, and the gas outlet of the steam boiler is connected to the The gas inlet of the steam generator is connected, the steam generator is connected with the electric control unit, and the electric control unit is respectively connected with the dehydration device, the crushing device, the drying device and the cracking device; the steam boiler is used to receive cracking The combustible gas output by the device, and generates steam by burning the combustible gas, and outputs steam to the steam generator through the gas outlet of the steam boiler, so as to drive the steam generator to generate electricity, and the steam generated by the steam generator The electric current is sent to the dehydration device, the crushing device, the drying device and the cracking device through the electric control unit to drive the dehydration device, the crushing device, the drying device and the cracking device.

Optionally, the steam boiler is also provided with a flue gas outlet and an air inlet, and the drying device is also provided with a heat source inlet and an air outlet, and the flue gas outlet is connected with the heat source inlet of the drying device, and the The air inlet is connected with the air outlet of the drying device; the high temperature flue gas produced by the steam boiler enters into the drying device through the flue gas outlet of the steam boiler.

Optionally, the drying device includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder sleeved in the outer cylinder, and there is a gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder; the material inlet of the drying device and outlets are respectively arranged at both ends of the inner cylinder, the flue gas outlet is arranged at one end of the outer cylinder, and the flue gas outlet communicates with the gap, and the air outlet is arranged at the on the inner cylinder, and the air outlet communicates with the inner space of the inner cylinder.

Optionally, the domestic waste treatment system further includes a flue gas purification device; the flue gas purification device is connected to the flue gas outlet provided at the other end of the outer cylinder, and the flue gas purification device is used to output The flue gas is purified.

Optionally, the flue gas purification device includes a housing and a spraying device; the housing is provided with a filtering space, an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein the air outlet and the air inlet are respectively located at the top and the The bottom, and the air inlet and the air outlet are both communicated with the filter space, and the spray device is fixed in the filter space for generating purified water mist in the filter space.

Optionally, the dehydration device includes a drum and a drive device; the drive device is connected to the drum for driving the drum to rotate; the discharge port and the feed port of the dehydration device are respectively arranged on Both ends of the drum and the inner wall of the drum are provided with a rotating groove that rotates from the material inlet of the dehydration device to the direction of the discharge port of the dehydration device.

Optionally, the drum is provided with diversion holes for diverting liquid, and the diameter of the holes is 5-30 mm.

Optionally, the cracking reaction device is a long barrel reactor, and the long barrel reactor is at least two in series.

Optionally, the cracking reactor is heated by means of electromagnetic heating.

The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are: the domestic waste is thoroughly treated, and the domestic waste is converted into energy substances such as combustible gas, tar, ash, etc., and the concept of harmless and resourceful treatment is realized.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following briefly introduces the drawings that are used in the embodiments of the present application. Apparently, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a domestic waste treatment system provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another domestic waste treatment system provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the drying device in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the flue gas purification device in Fig. 2 .

detailed description

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.

Embodiment one

Please refer to FIG. 1 . FIG. 1 is a domestic waste treatment system 10 provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The system includes: a dehydration device 11 , a crushing device 12 , a drying device 13 and a cracking device 14 .

The discharge port of the dehydration device 11 is connected with the feed port of the crushing device 12, the feed port of the drying device 13 is connected with the discharge port of the 14 crushing device, and the feed port of the cracking device 14 is connected with the discharge port of the drying device 13. The cracking device 14 is provided with a gas outlet, an oil outlet and a material outlet.

The collected domestic waste first enters the dehydration device 11 for dehydration and drying treatment. The domestic waste here refers to the garbage-derived fuel after the original domestic waste has been sorted. The sorted domestic waste can better realize the secondary utilization of resources. Domestic waste usually has a high moisture content, and the dehydration device can remove free water on the surface of domestic waste to make the material preliminarily dehydrated and dry. After the domestic garbage is dehydrated, the dehydrated material is output from the dehydration device 11 and transported to the crushing device 12 , and the discharge port of the dehydration device 11 is connected to the feed port of the crushing device 12 . The crushing device 12 is used for crushing the delivered dehydrated material. After the dehydrated material is crushed, its surface area increases, so the effect of physical action and the speed of chemical reaction can be improved. Since the dehydrated material output by the dehydration device 11 has been extruded into pieces, it is not easy to loosen automatically, so a specific crushing device must be selected for crushing, and the crushing device selected here is a single-shaft crusher. Household waste enters the inside of the crushing box through the material inlet, and the box is loaded with shredding blades, and the pushing box pushes the materials to the vicinity of the blades, and the materials are torn, squeezed, sheared, etc. Small pieces of material are discharged from the screen holes. The tool usage and maintenance costs of the single-shaft crusher are lower; the price is relatively lower than that of the double-shaft shredder, three-shaft shredder, and four-shaft shredder under the same power condition, and it is convenient to replace the tool. The size of the sieve can be adjusted according to the size of the sieve aperture. In this embodiment, the material is initially crushed to a size below 10cm. It is very convenient to pack and compress the crushed broken materials, which can prevent the accumulation and blockage of large pieces of garbage during the subsequent transportation and treatment of garbage.

The broken material after crushing enters the drying device, the material inlet 14 of the drying device 13 is connected with the discharge port of the crushing device 12, and the drying device 13 is used to dry the broken material, and the drying here is to Domestic waste is dehydrated twice to evaporate the moisture in the material. After the material is dried, the moisture content will be reduced to below 10%, which can adapt to the conditions of cracking reaction.

The dry material after secondary dehydration enters the cracking device 14 through the feed port of the cracking device 14 for cracking treatment to obtain combustible gas, tar and ash. The cracking device 14 is provided with a gas outlet, an oil outlet and a material outlet for outputting combustible gas, tar and ash produced by cracking. Combustible gas can be used for cooking, drying agricultural and sideline products, heating, lighting and gas welding through combustion. Tar is a kind of black or dark brown viscous liquid obtained in the cracking process. It has tens of thousands of components, mainly containing aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, anthracene, and aromatic oxygen-containing compounds. Sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds and other organic substances can be further divided into fractions with different boiling point ranges by fractional distillation. Tar is an important raw material for the production of plastics, synthetic fibers, dyes, rubber, medicines, high-temperature resistant materials, etc. It can be used to synthesize various industrial products such as pesticides, saccharin, dyes, medicines, and explosives. The ash can be used as a high-quality organic fertilizer for agricultural production and landscaping to increase soil fertility.

Using the pyrolysis method, domestic waste can be treated more thoroughly, and domestic waste can be transformed into energy substances such as combustible gas, tar, ash, etc., realizing the concept of harmless and resourceful treatment.

Embodiment two

The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that: as shown in FIG. 2 , the domestic waste treatment system 10 further includes a steam boiler 15 , a steam generator 16 and an electric control unit 17 .

The gas inlet of steam boiler 15 is connected with the gas outlet of cracking device 14, is used for the transportation of combustible gas, and the gas outlet of steam boiler 15 is connected with the gas inlet of steam generator 16, is used for the transportation of steam, and steam generator 16 and electricity The control unit 17 is connected for the transportation of electric current, and the electric control unit 17 is respectively connected with the dehydration device 12, the crushing device 12, the drying device 13 and the cracking device 14, and is used to drive the dehydration device 11, the crushing device 12, and the drying device 13 And cracking device 14.

The combustible gas produced by material cracking is not convenient for storage and transportation due to its shape, and can be directly used to heat the steam boiler. The steam generated in the steam boiler 15 can directly provide the required thermal energy for industrial production and people's life, and can also be converted into mechanical energy through a steam power plant, or converted into electrical energy through a generator. In this embodiment, the high-temperature steam generated by the steam boiler 15 can be used for generating electricity by a steam generator, and the gas outlet of the steam boiler is connected with the steam generator 16 .

The combustible gas enters the steam boiler 15 through the gas inlet of the steam boiler 15, and the steam boiler 25 generates high-temperature steam by burning the combustible gas. The high-temperature steam is further outputted from the gas outlet of the steam boiler 25 to the steam generator 16 to drive the steam generator 16 to generate electricity. Simultaneously, the electric current produced by the steam generator 16 is delivered to the dehydration device 11, the crushing device 12, the drying device 13 and the cracking device 14 respectively through the electric control unit 17, to drive the dehydration device, the crushing device, the drying device 13 and the cracking device 14.

The domestic waste can be treated more thoroughly by using the cracking method, and the combustible gas generated after the cracking of the domestic waste is directly used for heating the steam boiler. The steam boiler drives the operation of various devices by driving the steam generator to generate electricity, which fully saves energy.

Optionally, in some embodiments, as shown in Figure 2, the steam boiler 15 is also provided with a flue gas outlet and an air inlet, and the drying device 13 is also provided with a heat source inlet and an air outlet, and the flue gas outlet of the steam boiler 15 is connected to the The heat source inlet of the drying device 13 is connected, and the air inlet of the steam boiler 15 is connected with the air outlet of the drying device 13 .

The combustion process of the steam boiler 15 will produce high-temperature flue gas, which enters the drying device 13 through the flue gas outlet of the steam boiler 15 for drying materials, which can make full use of the heat energy of the high-temperature flue gas and avoid direct discharge of high-temperature flue gas to pollute the environment . While the high-temperature flue gas is used to dry the materials, the air in the drying device 13 is heated at the same time, because the heated air also contains residual water vapor and harmful substances from the materials being dried, so it cannot be discharged directly , the heated air can enter the steam boiler 15 through the air outlet of the drying device 13, and be used as the air source required for the combustible gas combustion process, which can not only burn and decompose harmful substances, but also realize the high efficiency of energy and save energy. cost.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the dryer used in the drying device 13 has a double-layer structure, including an outer cylinder 131 and an inner cylinder 132 sleeved in the outer cylinder. There is a gap between the cylinders 131 .

The flue gas outlet is set at one end of the outer cylinder 131, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the steam boiler 15 enters the space between the inner and outer cylinder walls of the dryer through one end of the outer cylinder 131, and the high-temperature flue gas enters the space between the inner cylinder 131 and the outer cylinder. The gap between the bodies 131 flows through to heat the inner cylinder wall. The inner cylinder wall is provided with a finned heat exchange structure. The fins increase the heat exchange area of the inner cylinder wall, which is beneficial to heating the material in the inner cylinder. The finned heat exchange structure in this embodiment works under the condition of high-temperature flue gas for a long time, and the high-temperature flue gas is corrosive, which requires the heat exchange structure to meet anti-corrosion performance, wear resistance, and low contact thermal resistance And performance indicators such as anti-dusting ability. While the material in the inner cylinder is being heated, the heated high-temperature air generated fills the inner space of the inner cylinder, and flows from the inner cylinder 132 through the air outlet of the drying device 13 to the air inlet of the steam boiler 15 . Since the harmful substances produced during the drying process cannot be directly discharged, a drying device with an inner and outer cylinder is adopted, and the air outlet provided on the inner cylinder 132 of the device is connected with the air inlet of the steam boiler 15, so that harmful substances can pass through the inner cylinder. 132 directly enters the steam boiler 15 to burn and decompose, eliminating the need to use a condensation device to dissolve harmful substances in water, and to perform wastewater treatment and discharge, which saves costs while simplifying the reaction device.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2 , the domestic waste treatment system 10 further includes: a flue gas purification device 18 for purifying the flue gas output from the drying device 13 to reduce the generation of dioxins. The flue gas purification device 18 is connected with the flue gas outlet provided at the other end of the outer cylinder. The high-temperature flue gas generated from the steam boiler 15 enters the space between the inner and outer walls of the dryer through one end of the outer cylinder, and enters the flue gas purification device 18 from the flue gas outlet at the other end of the outer cylinder.

Please refer to FIG. 4 , the flue gas purification device 18 includes a housing 181 and a spraying device (not shown). The housing 181 is provided with a filter space 182 , an air inlet 183 and an air outlet 184 , wherein the air inlet 183 is located at the bottom of the housing 182 , the air outlet 184 is located at the top of the housing 182 , and the spray device 182 is fixed in the filter space 182 .

The main pollutants contained in the high-temperature flue gas output from the flue gas outlet of the outer cylinder are dust and sulfur oxides, which cannot be discharged directly. The high-temperature flue gas enters the filter space 182 directly through the air inlet 183, and the filter space 182 can remove high-temperature smoke. For the dust in the gas, the spraying device is fixed in the filter space 182. The spraying device is built with alkaline spraying liquid, which forms a reverse spray with the high-temperature flue gas to remove sulfur oxides in the high-temperature flue gas, so that the high-temperature flue gas can reach emission standards.

Optionally, the dehydration device includes a drum and a driving device;

Wherein, the discharge port and the feed port of the dehydration device are respectively arranged at both ends of the drum, and the material enters from one end of the drum, and after dehydration treatment, it is output through the other end of the drum. The driving device is connected to the drum. Here, the driving device includes a controller and a hydraulic cylinder. When the material needs to be dehydrated, the controller of the driving device sends a driving signal for driving the hydraulic cylinder. The material is extruded, so that the material in the drum can be fully dehydrated. Among them, the inner wall of the drum is provided with a rotating groove that rotates from the inlet of the dehydration device to the outlet of the dehydration device. During the rotation of the drum, the materials in the drum are discharged along the dehydration device in the rotating groove. Rotary dehydration is carried out in the direction of the mouth, wherein, there is a diversion hole for the diversion liquid in the drum, the hole diameter is 5-30mm, the diversion hole can dredge the free water removed from the surface of the material, and avoid accumulation caused by excessive moisture content on the surface of the material clogged.

Optionally, the cracking reaction device may be a long barrel reactor, and the long barrel reactor is at least two stages in series. The optimum reaction temperature of the material during cracking is generally between 450 and 650°C. In this example, the long cylinder reactor selected for material heating is in the form of two-stage series connection. Among them, the first-stage reactor adopts a step-by-step temperature control method, gradually heating the material from normal temperature to the optimal reaction temperature, and controlling it in the form of gradual temperature rise, and the second-stage reactor will be set at the optimal reaction temperature of the material , that is, between 500 and 650°C, and the whole reaction is carried out under the condition of anaerobic and slight negative pressure, the reaction time is 40-60 minutes, no oxygen is involved in the cracking reaction process, avoiding the formation conditions of dioxin, non-toxic Harmful substances are produced and green production is realized.

Optionally, the heating form used by the cracking reactor is electromagnetic heating. Electromagnetic heating means that the electromagnetic coil is directly wound on the reactor shell, so the heating temperature is completely controlled by the temperature sensor, and the temperature change can be controlled within 5 degrees. Setting the temperature required for the material cracking reaction can realize the cracking reaction, and the heating process is stable, and the reaction product is also stable relative to the flue gas heating. Since the electromagnetic heating is directly wound by the electromagnetic coil, the size of the cracking reactor should only be able to accommodate the processed materials, and does not need to be larger. In this embodiment, the total length of the long barrel reactor selected for the cracking reaction can be designed at 15 to 18 meters, and the barrel diameter of the reactor can be designed between 800 and 1200 mm. The long barrel reactor in this size can make The cleavage reaction is fully carried out.

The domestic waste treatment system provided by the present invention can realize the treatment of domestic waste by cracking, transform the domestic waste into energy substances such as combustible gas, tar, ash, and realize the recycling and utilization of waste resources. At the same time, the harmful substances produced by cracking are directly used into the steam boiler as a combustion aid, so that the harmful substances are directly burned and decomposed, eliminating the need to use a condensation device to dissolve the harmful substances in water, and the steps of wastewater treatment and discharge. In the reaction device Simplicity and cost savings.

The above is only the embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process conversion made by using the description of the present invention and the contents of the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technologies fields, all of which are equally included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A domestic waste treatment system, characterized in that, comprising: a dehydration device, a crushing device, a drying device and a cracking device; The discharge port of the dehydration device is connected to the feed port of the crushing device, the feed port of the drying device is connected to the discharge port of the crushing device, and the feed port of the cracking device is connected to the The discharge port of the drying device is connected, and the cracking device is provided with a gas outlet, an oil outlet and a discharge port; The dehydration device is used to dehydrate the input garbage once, the crushing device is used to crush the garbage after the first dehydration, and the drying device is used to dry the garbage after the crushing treatment. The garbage is subjected to secondary dehydration treatment, and the cracking device is used to crack the garbage after the secondary dehydration to obtain combustible gas, tar and ash, and pass through the gas outlet, oil outlet and The discharge port outputs the combustible gas, tar and ash. 2. The domestic waste treatment system according to claim 1, further comprising a steam boiler, a steam generator and an electric control unit; The gas inlet of the steam boiler is connected with the gas outlet of the cracking device, the gas outlet of the steam boiler is connected with the gas inlet of the steam generator, the steam generator is connected with the electric control unit, the The electric control unit is respectively connected with the dehydration device, the crushing device, the drying device and the cracking device; The steam boiler is used to receive the combustible gas output by the cracking device, and generate steam by burning the combustible gas, and output steam to the steam generator through the gas outlet of the steam boiler to drive the steam generator to generate electricity, The electric current generated by the steam generator is sent to the dehydration device, the crushing device, the drying device and the cracking device through the electric control unit to drive the dehydration device, the crushing device, the drying device and the cracking device. 3. The domestic waste treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steam boiler is also provided with a flue gas outlet and an air inlet, and the drying device is also provided with a heat source inlet and an air outlet, the flue gas outlet is connected to the heat source inlet of the drying device, and the air inlet is connected to the the air outlet connection of the drying unit; The high-temperature flue gas produced by the steam boiler enters the drying device through the flue gas outlet of the steam boiler. 4. The domestic waste treatment system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drying device includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder sleeved in the outer cylinder, and there is a gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder; The material inlet and the material outlet of the drying device are respectively arranged at both ends of the inner cylinder body, the flue gas outlet is arranged at one end of the outer cylinder body, and the flue gas outlet is connected to the gap The air outlet is arranged on the inner cylinder, and the air outlet communicates with the inner space of the inner cylinder. 5. The domestic waste treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that, the domestic waste treatment system further comprises a flue gas purification device; The flue gas purification device is connected to the flue gas outlet provided at the other end of the outer cylinder, and the flue gas purification device is used for purifying the flue gas output from the outer cylinder. 6. The domestic waste treatment system according to claim 5, wherein the flue gas purification device comprises a housing and a spraying device; the housing is provided with a filtering space, an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein the The air outlet and the air inlet are respectively located at the top and bottom of the housing, and the air inlet and the air outlet are both connected to the filter space, and the spray device is fixed in the filter space for Generate purified water mist inside. 7. The domestic waste treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The dehydration device includes a drum and a driving device; The driving device is connected with the drum for driving the drum to rotate; The discharge port and the feed port of the dehydration device are respectively arranged at the two ends of the drum, and the inner wall of the drum is provided with a rotating shaft that rotates from the feed port of the dehydration device to the discharge port of the dehydration device. groove. 8. The domestic waste treatment system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The drum is provided with diversion holes for diverting liquid, and the diameter of the holes is 5-30mm. 9. The domestic waste treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The cracking reaction device is a long tube reactor, and the long tube reactor is at least two stages in series. 10. The domestic waste treatment system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cracking reactor is heated by means of electromagnetic heating.