A kind of preparation method with high capacity silicon-carbon composite cathode material
Technical field
The invention belongs to lithium ion battery material technical fields, especially a kind of to have high capacity silicon-carbon composite cathode material
Preparation method.
Background technique
Graphite cathode material is the critical material for forming lithium ion battery, and with its good cycle, stability is strong, price
Primary selection that is cheap and its becoming lithium ion battery negative material the advantages that high with compatibility of electrolyte.
In order to meet market to the high-energy density demand of lithium ion battery, current lithium ion battery negative material gram
The parameters such as capacity, high rate performance can no longer meet market-oriented requirement, therefore the negative electrode material for developing high capacity seems very
It is urgent, and current high-capacity cathode material mainly has silicon-carbon cathode, tin cathode, alloy anode etc., and silicon-carbon cathode material skill
Art relative maturity, but silicon-carbon cathode volume expansion in charge and discharge process is larger, is difficult to industrial application.
For silicon-carbon cathode there are the shortcomings that, studies in China person mainly pass through silicon materials surface cladding etc. measures reduce silicon material
The expansion of material introduces carbon nanometer if Chinese patent CN105118974 A discloses a kind of silicon based anode material and preparation method thereof
Fiber reduces the volume expansions of nano silicon particles, avoids the phenomenon that silicon particle is broken and SEI film repeatedly generates, improves negative
The mechanical strength of pole material, but preparation process is complicated, stability is poor, complex process and is difficult to industrialization production.
Summary of the invention
For deficiency present in current silicon-carbon cathode material preparation process, the present invention provides one kind to have high capacity silicon
The preparation method of carbon compound cathode materials, the preparation method are added with the suitably spherical sulfonated polyphenyl second of partial size in silicon materials
Alkene, and connected the nanosilica white sphere of the biggish spherical sulfonated polystyrene of partial size and small particle by carbon nanotube,
To reduce the expansion rate of silicon-carbon composite cathode material, while the electric conductivity and capacity of silicon-carbon composite cathode material can also be improved, had
There is a feature that imbibition ability is strong and processing performance is excellent, preparation process is simple, easy industrialization.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method with high capacity silicon-carbon composite cathode material, the preparation method include the system of composite A
Standby, composite material B preparation and the big process of the preparation of silicon-carbon composite cathode material three, wherein in the preparation process of composite A
In use sulfonated polystyrene, carboxylic acid carbon nano tube and nanosilica white sphere, used in the preparation process of composite material B
To composite A and sucrose solution, using argon gas furnace and argon gas is arrived in the preparation process of silicon-carbon composite cathode material, respectively prepare
Process is as follows:
I, the preparation of composite A:
Sulfonated polystyrene and carboxylic acid carbon nano tube that partial size is 300nm~600nm are put into the ion of 500g together
Ultrasonic disperse 30min in water, then places into that partial size is 20nm~100nm and specific surface area is 250m2/ g~350m2/ g's receives
Rice silicon oxide ball simultaneously continues ultrasonic disperse 30min, pulls out and washs later, dries and prepare polystyrene/carbon nanotube/oxidation
The mass ratio composition of the composite A that silicon is constituted, composite A is: polystyrene: carbon nanotube: silica={ 10~50 }:
{ 10~30 }: 100;
The preparation of II, composite material B:
It weighs the composite A of 100 parts by weight and is added in the sucrose solution of 500 parts by weight and impregnate, the sucrose is molten
The concentration of liquid is controlled 5~20%, and composite A is taken out after 1~3h and is dried in air can prepare by sucrose packet
Cover the composite material B that polystyrene/carbon nanotube/silica is constituted;
The preparation of III, silicon-carbon composite cathode material:
Composite material B is put into argon gas furnace and is carbonized, the Control for Kiln Temperature of argon gas furnace is at 600~800 DEG C when carbonization, argon
The heating rate control of steam stove stops logical later in 1~3 DEG C/min, the soaking time that is carbonized control in 3~8h, the soaking time that is carbonized
Enter argon gas and cool to room temperature with the furnace, can prepare and be answered by the silicon-carbon that carbon coating silica/carbon nano-tube/poly styrene forms
Close negative electrode material.
Due to using technical solution as described above, the present invention generate it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, it is adulterated in the sulfonated polystyrene gap of its greater particle size in the silicon-carbon composite cathode material that the present invention prepares
There is the silica of small particle, contact area and compacted density between Si-C composite material can be increased, reduces silicon-carbon composite wood
The internal resistance of material.Although silica is expanded in charge and discharge process, spherical sulfonated polystyrene can be with buffer silicon oxide
Expansion, while raising silicon-carbon is multiple since the transmission rate of electronics can be improved with double bond structure, and therefore for sulfonated polystyrene
Close the high rate performance of negative electrode material.
2, mesh carbon nanotube winds up the spherical sulfonated polystyrene and silica of different-grain diameter, can not only mention
The conductivity of high silicon-carbon composite negative pole material, and expansion of the silicon-carbon composite cathode material in charge and discharge process can be reduced
Rate, the carbon nanotube of high-specific surface area have stronger imbibition liquid-keeping property again, allow to improve silicon-carbon composite cathode material
Cycle performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the Electronic Speculum test SEM figure of 1 silicon-carbon composite cathode material of embodiment.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is a kind of preparation method with high capacity silicon-carbon composite cathode material, which passes through to correlation
The doping vario-property of material is to prepare high capacity silicon-carbon composite cathode material.
Preparation method of the invention includes the preparation of composite A, the preparation of composite material B and silicon-carbon composite cathode material
The big process of preparation three, wherein in the preparation process of composite A using to sulfonated polystyrene, carboxylic acid carbon nano tube and
Nanosilica white sphere, using composite A and sucrose solution is arrived in the preparation process of composite material B, in silicon-carbon composite cathode
Using argon gas furnace and argon gas is arrived in the preparation process of material, above-mentioned basic material can be bought in market.
Three embodiments are provided now depending on the technical solution, three embodiments are a example of the technical solution, and one
It cuts and is subject to the technical solution.
Embodiment 1:
Sulfonated polystyrene and 20g carboxylic acid carbon nano tube that 30g partial size is 400nm are put into together in ionized water ultrasonic
Disperse 30min, then places into that 100g partial size is 50nm and specific surface area is 300m2The nanosilica white sphere of/g simultaneously continues ultrasound
Disperse 30min, pulls out and wash later, dries and prepare the composite A that polystyrene/carbon nanotube/silica is constituted, this
When composite A mass ratio composition be: polystyrene: carbon nanotube: silica=30: 20: 100, pay attention to composite A
Quality is gram than unit.
It weighs the composite A of above-mentioned 100 parts by weight and is added in the sucrose solution of 500 parts by weight and impregnate, the sugarcane
The concentration of sugar juice is 10%, and composite A is taken out after 2h and dries to prepare in air and coats polyphenyl by sucrose
The composite material B that ethylene/carbon nanotube/silica is constituted.
Above-mentioned composite material B is put into argon gas furnace and is carbonized, the Control for Kiln Temperature of argon gas furnace is at 700 DEG C when carbonization, argon
The heating rate control of steam stove is in 3 DEG C/min, and in 5h, the soaking time that is carbonized stops being passed through argon gas later for the soaking time that is carbonized control
And cool to room temperature with the furnace, the silicon-carbon composite cathode being made of carbon coating silica/carbon nano-tube/poly styrene can be prepared
Material.
Embodiment 2:
Sulfonated polystyrene and 10g carboxylic acid carbon nano tube that 10g partial size is 300nm are put into together in ionized water ultrasonic
Disperse 30min, then places into that 100g partial size is 20nm and specific surface area is 350m2The nanosilica white sphere of/g simultaneously continues ultrasound
Disperse 30min, pulls out and wash later, dries and prepare the composite A that polystyrene/carbon nanotube/silica is constituted, this
When composite A mass ratio composition be: polystyrene: carbon nanotube: silica=10: 10: 100, pay attention to composite A
Quality is gram than unit.
It weighs the composite A of above-mentioned 100 parts by weight and is added in the sucrose solution of 500 parts by weight and impregnate, the sugarcane
The concentration control of sugar juice is 5%, and composite A is taken out after 3h and dries to prepare in air and is gathered by sucrose cladding
The composite material B that styrene/carbon nanotube/silica is constituted.
Above-mentioned composite material B is put into argon gas furnace and is carbonized, the Control for Kiln Temperature of argon gas furnace is at 600 DEG C when carbonization, argon
The heating rate control of steam stove is in 1 DEG C/min, and in 8h, the soaking time that is carbonized stops being passed through argon gas later for the soaking time that is carbonized control
And cool to room temperature with the furnace, the silicon-carbon composite cathode being made of carbon coating silica/carbon nano-tube/poly styrene can be prepared
Material.
Embodiment 3:
Sulfonated polystyrene and 30g carboxylic acid carbon nano tube that 50g partial size is 600nm are put into together in ionized water ultrasonic
Disperse 30min, then places into that 100g partial size is 100nm and specific surface area is 250m2The nanosilica white sphere of/g simultaneously continues to surpass
Sound disperses 30min, pulls out and washs later, dries and prepare the composite A that polystyrene/carbon nanotube/silica is constituted,
The mass ratio composition of composite A is at this time: polystyrene: carbon nanotube: silica=50: 30: 100, pay attention to composite A
Quality than unit be gram.
It weighs the composite A of above-mentioned 100 parts by weight and is added in the sucrose solution of 500 parts by weight and impregnate, the sugarcane
The concentration of sugar juice is 20%, and composite A is taken out after 1h and dries to prepare in air and coats polyphenyl by sucrose
The composite material B that ethylene/carbon nanotube/silica is constituted.
Above-mentioned composite material B is put into argon gas furnace and is carbonized, the Control for Kiln Temperature of argon gas furnace is at 800 DEG C when carbonization, argon
The heating rate control of steam stove is in 5 DEG C/min, and in 3h, the soaking time that is carbonized stops being passed through argon gas later for the soaking time that is carbonized control
And cool to room temperature with the furnace, the silicon-carbon composite cathode being made of carbon coating silica/carbon nano-tube/poly styrene can be prepared
Material.
The Electronic Speculum test SEM figure of 1 silicon-carbon composite cathode material of embodiment is as shown in Figure 1, it will be seen from figure 1 that silicon-carbon is multiple
It closes negative electrode material and spherical nucleocapsid is presented, kernel is collectively formed by the carbon nanotube of polystyrene and reticular structure and in sulphur
Change between polystyrene doped with spherical silicon powder, and shell is formed by carbon coating, is detected the kernel and the shell
Reference mass ratio is about are as follows: kernel: shell={ 50~90 }: { 10~50 }.
Button cell test:
The embodiment 1-3 silicon-carbon composite cathode material prepared is fabricated to fastening lithium ionic cell A1, A2 and A3 respectively,
Production method are as follows: add binder, conductive agent and solvent respectively in the silicon-carbon composite cathode material of Examples 1 to 3 and carry out
Each slurrying is coated on each copper foil by stirring pulping, and drying rolls obtained, and wherein binder is LAl32, and conductive agent is SP,
Solvent is secondary distilled water, negative electrode material: SP: LAl32: secondary distilled water=95g: 1g: 4g: 220ml, electrolyte uses
LiPF6/ EC+DEC, volume ratio EC: DEC=1: 1, metal lithium sheet are used to electrode, diaphragm using polythene PE, polypropylene PP or
Poly- second propylene PEP composite membrane, fastening lithium ionic cell are assemblied in the glove box for be flushed with hydrogen gas and carry out, and chemical property uses Wuhan
The blue new prestige 5v/10mA type cell tester of electricity, charging/discharging voltage scope control is in 0.005~2.0V, charge-discharge velocity 0.1C.
The artificial graphite not being modified that comparative example 1 uses market to purchase for negative electrode material, other production methods with it is upper
It states identical.
Following table is A1, A2 and A3 and 1 button cell Comparative result result of comparative example:
Detain electric battery |
A1 |
A2 |
A3 |
Comparative example 1 |
Negative electrode material |
Embodiment 1 |
Embodiment 2 |
Embodiment 3 |
Artificial graphite |
Discharge capacity (mAh/g) for the first time |
402.4 |
399.1 |
381.7 |
339.5 |
First charge discharge efficiency (%) |
95.1 |
94.8 |
94.3 |
92.4 |
As can be seen from the above table, the buckle type lithium-ion for the silicon-carbon composite cathode material production prepared using Examples 1 to 3
Battery A1, A2 and A3, discharge capacity and first charge discharge efficiency are all apparently higher than comparative example for the first time, show the silicon-carbon that the present invention prepares
Composite negative pole material can make lithium ion battery have good discharge capacity and efficiency, and reason is: doping vario-property improves
The gram volume of silicon-carbon composite cathode material, while silicon-carbon is improved as template using the high sulfonated polystyrene of degree of graphitization and is answered
The first charge discharge efficiency of negative electrode material is closed, spherical nucleocapsid makes the kernel and the shell coordinative role, to make the button of production
Formula lithium ion battery has excellent chemical property.
Soft-package battery test:
Similarly with embodiment 1-3 silicon-carbon composite cathode material, using LiFePO4 as positive electrode, using LiPF6/EC+DEC
For electrolyte, volume ratio EC: DEC=1: 1,2400 film of Celgard is diaphragm, can produce 5AH soft-package battery B1, B2 respectively
And B3, test the cycle performance of the imbibition liquid-keeping property of its silicon-carbon composite cathode pole piece, battery core expansion rate and its soft-package battery.
The artificial graphite not being modified that comparative example 2 uses market to purchase is anode with LiFePO4 for negative electrode material
Material, using LiPF6/ EC+DEC is electrolyte, volume ratio LiPF62400 film of/EC: DEC=1: 1, Celgard is diaphragm, system
Standby 5AH soft-package battery B out.
Following table is rate of liquid aspiration and the comparing result for protecting liquid rate:
Object |
Rate of liquid aspiration (ml/min) |
It protects liquid rate (electrolyte content/0h electrolyte content for 24 hours) |
B1 |
6.1 |
95.3% |
B2 |
5.6 |
94.2% |
B3 |
4.8 |
94.4% |
Comparative example 2 |
2.1 |
83.7% |
As can be seen from the above table, its imbibition of the silicon-carbon composite cathode material of Examples 1 to 3 preparation, liquid-keeping property are obviously high
In comparative example 2, show silicon-carbon composite cathode material of the invention suction with higher, liquid liquid-keeping property, reason is: in sulphur
Change the carbon nanometer between polystyrene doped with spherical silicon powder and the kernel with biggish specific surface area and electronic conductivity
Pipe, improves the imbibition liquid-keeping property of silicon-carbon composite cathode material.
Following table is the rebound rate comparing result of each pole piece:
The active material that pole piece uses |
Pole piece rebound rate (%) |
B1 |
4.8 |
B2 |
5.6 |
B3 |
5.1 |
Comparative example 2 |
9.6 |
As can be seen from the above table, the cathode pole piece rebound rate of Examples 1 to 3 preparation is significantly lower than comparative example 2, shows to use
The cathode pole piece of silicon-carbon composite cathode material production of the present invention has lower rebound rate, and reason is: sulfonated polystyrene
With biggish mechanical strength and gap, intermediate buffer layer is formed, provides sky for the expansion that silica generates during the reaction
Between, to keep the bulk expansion rate of silicon-carbon composite cathode material lower.
Following table is the circulation comparison result of different materials:
As can be seen from the above table, using the soft-package battery of Examples 1 to 3 production, capacity retention ratio is high over numerous cycles
In comparative example 2, capacity attenuation speed and attenuation rate are significantly lower than comparative example 2, show the soft-package battery tool made of the present invention
There is good cycle performance, reason is: there are more nanometer, micrometer pores in silicon-carbon composite cathode material of the present invention,
Sulfonated polystyrene microballoon has biggish specific surface area, improves the imbibition liquid-keeping property of silicon-carbon composite cathode material, simultaneously
Since sulfonated polystyrene microballoon buffer layer prevents structure of the silicon-carbon composite cathode material in cyclic process to destroy, improve
Structural stability, to improve cycle performance.