CN106401240B - The design method of the parking stall quantity arrangement of parking systems - Google Patents

Abstract

A design method for the arrangement of the number of parking spaces in a three-dimensional parking garage, which is applied to a tower-type three-dimensional garage. Two positions are reserved on each layer of the outer ring of the garage steel structure as operating positions for the lifting system. The design method is as follows: the area occupied by a unit parking space The smallest area is the optimization goal; the total area of the occupied area does not exceed a certain value, the size of the parking space is 2.5mX6m, the diameter of the rotatable disc in the middle is not less than 6m, the size of the lifting system is not less than 3.6mX6.8m, and the parking space is designed as a symmetrical structure. The number of parking spaces is an even number; if the diameter of the steel structure of the garage is D, the total area occupied is S=π(D+12) ² /4, and the number of parking spaces is L=(2π‑4arcsin(3.6/D))/(2arcsin (2.5/D)) and rounded down, the following conclusions are obtained: the floor area of a unit vehicle decreases with the increase of the number of parking spaces, and L is designed to be 11 to 18. The invention has the following advantages: while ensuring a large throughput of the garage, it also improves the comfort of personnel in the process of accessing and withdrawing cars.

Description

Design method for the arrangement of the number of parking spaces in the three-dimensional parking garage

technical field

The invention relates to a parking garage, in particular to a method for designing the number of parking spaces in a three-dimensional parking garage.

Background technique

With the rapid increase of my country's car ownership, difficult parking, disorderly parking and difficult governance have become the main problems plaguing the development of Chinese cities. Especially under the background of the new normal economy, the traditional parking industry model has been difficult to meet the needs of the new environment. Industrial development needs. In 2010, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Public Security and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on the Planning, Construction and Management of Urban Parking Facilities", pointing out that in the current process of urban economic and social development in my country, the contradiction between supply and demand of urban parking has become increasingly prominent, especially in my country Under the background of the high shortage of urban land resources and the rapid growth of car ownership, due to the serious shortage of parking facilities, unreasonable allocation, low utilization efficiency and inadequate parking management, serious problems such as parking difficulties and traffic congestion have seriously affected the The quality of life of urban residents restricts the sustainable development of cities.

The mechanical three-dimensional garage is a kind of parking equipment, which is one of the special equipment products. It has the characteristics of convenient vehicle access, economical system operation, convenient maintenance, and small floor space. A solution.

As early as 1920, the United States built the world's first mechanical three-dimensional parking equipment. After the 1950s, the United States and Western Europe successively built various types of three-dimensional garages. In the late 1960s, with the rapid development of the world's automobile industry, city cars The rapid increase in ownership, especially the emergence of a large number of private cars, has caused varying degrees of parking difficulties in large cities in industrialized countries such as the United States, Japan, and Europe, especially in the downtown business district, where buildings are highly dense , it is impossible to vacate a large amount of land to build a parking lot. At this time, the three-dimensional parking equipment with a small footprint has really been developed and popularized.

At present, the three-dimensional parking garage mainly includes lift and traverse (PSH), simple lift (PJS), vertical lift (PCS), roadway stacking (PXD), plane movement (PPY), horizontal circulation (PSX), There are 9 types of vertical circulation (PCX), multi-storey circulation (PDX), and car lifts (PQS). According to relevant statistics, among the above nine types of parking equipment, 80% of the market share is concentrated in low-tech Only a small number of companies have the qualifications for high-rise vertical lifts (towers).

At present, three-dimensional parking garages are distinguished according to their working principles, and their categories and codes are shown in Table 1 below:

Table 1 Parking Garage Category and Code

To build a mechanical three-dimensional parking garage, the overall layout of the garage and the storage capacity of the parking garage must be considered in the design. People often hope that the number of cars in a garage can be as large as possible. In fact, when designing a parking garage, ensure that the garage is smooth and smooth. It is also important to operate safely.

The maximum entry (exit) time in a mechanical parking garage refers to parking the car in the most unfavorable position of the mechanical parking garage (or taking the vehicle out of the most unfavorable position) from the time an instruction of entering (or exiting) is given. ), the time required until the parking garage carries out the next entry (or exit) command. The maximum entry (exit) time of a bicycle should be reasonably selected according to its use environment, region, purpose and the special requirements of the user. The maximum entry (exit) time of a bicycle selected for different types of mechanical parking garages can be different, but the basic requirements There should be no queuing for access to cars.

At this stage, the three-dimensional parking garage market has entered a period of stable development, especially the users of public resources supporting facilities and units for their own use are growing rapidly. Currently, the lift and traverse products that account for the vast majority of the market share have relatively large safety hazards. There are frequent reports of malfunctions and even crashes. After decades of exploration, the three-dimensional parking garage product standard system has been relatively complete, but the existing products in the market have outstanding characteristics such as backward technology and poor user experience.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for arranging the number of parking spaces in the three-dimensional parking garage to ensure a large throughput of the garage, a fast single-vehicle access speed, and a good car access experience.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solutions: a method for arranging the number of parking spaces in a multi-dimensional parking garage, which is applied to a tower-type three-dimensional garage with multiple entrances and exits and multiple hoists to realize parallel access to cars. The three-dimensional garage includes a steel structure system and a parking and handling system. The steel structure system includes at least one tower-type three-dimensional garage steel structure. Each tower-type three-dimensional garage steel structure includes several parking floors. The tower-type three-dimensional garage steel structure is divided into inner rings , the outer ring, the outer ring parking, the parking handling system includes a handling car, a rotatable disc and a lifting system, a rotatable disc and a handling car are placed in the center of the inner ring of each layer of the tower-type three-dimensional garage steel structure, Around the rotatable disc, multiple parking spaces are arranged radially, and the transport trolley moves the vehicle between the parking spaces and the rotatable disc. Two positions are reserved on each floor of the outer ring of the steel structure of the tower-type three-dimensional garage as the operation of the lifting system. Each parking floor is connected through the lifting system, and the design method of the number of parking spaces on each floor is as follows:

Optimization goal: the optimization goal is to minimize the area occupied by the unit parking space;

Constraints: the total area of land should not exceed a certain value, the size of the parking space is 2.5mX6m, the diameter of the rotatable disc in the middle is not less than 6m, the size of the lifting system is not less than 3.6mX6.8m, the parking space design of the steel structure of the tower three-dimensional garage It is a symmetrical structure with an even number of parking spaces;

Design variables: the number of parking spaces or the diameter of the steel structure of the tower three-dimensional garage;

Optimization process: Assuming that the diameter of the steel structure of the tower-type three-dimensional garage is D, the total area occupied is S=π(D+12) ² /4, and the number of parking spaces is L=(2π-4arcsin(3.6/D))/( 2arcsin(2.5/D)) and rounded down to find the minimum value of the unit parking area SS=S/L, analyze the relationship function between the unit parking area SS and the number of parking spaces L and the unit parking area SS The relationship function of the first order derivative to the number of parking spaces L, the following conclusions are obtained:

The unit area SS of a car decreases with the increase of the number of parking spaces L. It reaches the minimum when the number of parking spaces L is 15. The unit area SS of 11 to 18 parking spaces basically does not change much. Gradually increasing, the SS change rate of the unit parking space area gradually decreases with the number of parking spaces, and the number of parking spaces is designed to be 11 to 18.

As an optimized technical solution, the optimum number of parking spaces is 14.

As an optimized technical solution, the second best number of parking spaces is 12.

As an optimized technical solution, the lifting system uses a special elevator of the parking garage system.

As an optimized technical solution, the first floor is used as a buffer parking space, and the second floor and above are used as storage parking spaces.

As an optimized technical solution, the buffer parking and retrieval on the first floor includes buffer parking spaces and storage parking spaces arranged in a staggered manner. The width can ensure that after the doors on both sides of the vehicle are opened, the free width on both sides is greater than 1.5m.

As an optimized technical solution, the width of the narrowest part of the cache parking space is 2.5m.

As an optimized technical solution, the floor height of the first floor is 3m.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

Through the calculation, the optimal design scheme of the parking space of the three-dimensional parking garage is obtained, which ensures the large throughput of the garage and improves the comfort of the personnel in the process of accessing the car.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the monolayer structure schematic diagram of the tower type three-dimensional garage that the multi-entrance and multi-hoist of the method for arranging the number of parking spaces of the three-dimensional parking garage of the present invention are realized to realize parallel access;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the car access process of the tower-type three-dimensional garage that uses the method for arranging the number of parking spaces in the three-dimensional parking garage of the present invention to realize parallel access to cars with multiple entrances and exits and multiple hoists.

Fig. 3 is the layout schematic diagram of the first layer buffering parking space of the three-dimensional garage applying the method for arranging the number of parking spaces of the three-dimensional parking garage of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the relationship function figure of unit parking space area SS and the number of parking spaces L;

FIG. 5 is a function diagram of the relationship between the first order derivative of the unit parking area SS and the number of parking spaces L.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.

As shown in Figure 1, the tower-type three-dimensional garage with multiple entrances and exits and multiple hoists to realize parallel access to vehicles includes a steel structure system and a parking and handling system.

The steel structure system includes at least one tower-type three-dimensional garage steel structure 1. Each tower-type three-dimensional garage steel structure 1 includes several layers of parking floors. The first layer is used as a buffer parking space, and the second layer and above are used as storage parking spaces. And the tower type three-dimensional garage steel structure 1 is divided into an inner ring, an outer ring, and the outer ring is used for parking.

The parking transport system includes a transport trolley, a rotatable disc 2 and a lifting system 3. The steel structures of two adjacent tower-type three-dimensional garages are connected by a lifting system, and the steel structures of the two tower-type three-dimensional garages share one lifting system. A rotatable disc 2 and a transport trolley (not shown) are placed in the center of the inner ring of each floor of the steel structure 1 of the tower-type three-dimensional garage. Around the rotatable disc 2, multiple parking spaces are arranged radially. The tower-type three-dimensional garage At least two positions are reserved on each floor of the outer ring of the steel structure 1 as the operating positions of the lifting system 3, and the parking floors are connected through the lifting system 3. The whole system can flexibly configure the number of lifting systems 3 according to needs, increasing the efficiency of vehicle access . The system adopts redundant design to improve the overall operation reliability.

The transport trolley is placed between the rotatable disc 2 and the outer ring of the tower-type three-dimensional garage steel structure 1, and the car lifted up by the lifting system 3 is transported to the rotatable disc 2. The transport trolley can adopt various existing A transport trolley.

Specifically, the hoisting system 3 uses a special elevator of the parking garage system, and the hoisting system 3 and the steel structure are fixed by bolt connection or hoop connection.

The rotatable disc 2 provides functional interfaces and routing for power supply, control, and monitoring of the transport trolley.

The tower-type three-dimensional garage with multiple entrances and exits and multiple hoists to realize parallel access to cars also includes a safety monitoring system, which includes a plurality of image acquisition devices installed at different positions in the three-dimensional garage, such as cameras, and each image acquisition device is connected to From the computer as the upper computer, the garage safety monitoring system mainly monitors the whole process of parking and picking up the three-dimensional parking garage, and provides safety monitoring means to monitor the vehicle and extract and identify related information from the time the vehicle enters the parking lot. For all states of the vehicle during parking and pickup: including the relevant state of the cached parking space, multi-angle photography, video surveillance during parking, safety monitoring of vehicle passages and personnel passages outside the steel structure parking garage system, internal parking garage Video surveillance, fire identification and alarm functions.

The tower-type three-dimensional garage with multiple entrances and exits and multiple hoists to realize parallel access to cars also includes an operation management and control system, mainly including a parking control management subsystem and a smart phone terminal subsystem. The system realizes all action control of the transport transmission system, optimal path planning for parking and picking up cars, conflict resolution strategies for multi-vehicle and multi-elevator access, efficient system operation mode, parking information guidance, and information interaction between local parking information and the Internet , Internet access car reservation, parking meter and fee settlement, customer-oriented mobile phone terminal system, etc.

Please refer to shown in Figure 2, the parking process of the tower-type three-dimensional garage that realizes parallel access to cars with multiple entrances and exits and multiple hoists includes the following steps:

Step 1: The vehicle drives to the gate of the parking lot;

Step 2: Take an image capture at the entrance of the parking lot to determine whether the vehicle can enter the venue. If it can enter the venue, let it go. At the same time, save the vehicle information to the computer, otherwise, prompt the vehicle to leave;

Step 3: The vehicle drives to the gate of the parking garage;

Step 4: The garage door is opened. Preferably, the garage door is equipped with an automatic identification device to automatically identify the vehicle to be parked in front of the garage. When the vehicle to be parked in front of the garage is recognized, the garage door is automatically opened;

Step 5: The driver drives the vehicle into the parking garage. At this time, a detection device can be installed in the parking garage to detect the parking personnel and/or vehicle information. If the parking personnel and/or vehicle information cannot match the information stored in the computer, prompt to leave;

Step 6: After the driver has parked, the optimized vehicle status detection system installed in the parking garage will remind the driver in real time whether the parking is in place and whether the weight of the vehicle exceeds the limit. And video recognition reminds the parking user whether to close the door and whether there are important remnants, etc. After confirmation, the driver needs to confirm on the man-machine interface of the parking garage, such as swiping the card or clicking on the screen to leave the parking garage. The outer door of the parking garage is closed, the vehicle enters the transport trolley, the transport trolley drags the vehicle onto the rotatable disc 2, the rotatable disc 2 rotates at a specified angle, and the center line of the rotatable disc 2 is aligned with the central axis of the lifting system;

Step 7: The transport trolley drags the vehicle to the lifting system, the transport trolley leaves the lifting system, and the lifting system lifts the vehicle to the designated parking floor;

Step 8: After the vehicle arrives at the designated parking floor, the transport trolley on the parking floor enters the lifting system, drags the vehicle to the rotatable disc 2 on this floor, and the rotatable disc 2 rotates to the designated parking space at a specified angle, and the rotatable disc 2 The centerline of the parking lot is aligned with the central axis of the designated parking space;

Step 9: The moving car drags the vehicle to the designated parking space, then the moving car leaves, and the car is parked successfully. Preferably, at this time, the vehicle information can be collected and uploaded to the computer, and the system will form a car park information.

The car pick-up process of the tower-type three-dimensional garage with multiple entrances and exits and multiple hoists to realize parallel access to cars includes the following steps:

Step 100: The driver makes an appointment to pick up the car outside the parking garage. Optimally, the car can be picked up by swiping the parking card. Then the system identifies the vehicle and parking space information corresponding to the parking card, and triggers the car pick-up command;

Step 102: The rotatable disk 2 at the center of the parking floor is rotated at a specified angle to the parking space to be picked up, and the centerline of the rotatable disk 2 is aligned with the central axis of the parking space to be picked up;

Step 103: The transport trolley enters the parking space to be picked up, drags the vehicle onto the rotatable disc 2, the rotatable disc 2 rotates at a specified angle, and the center line is aligned with the center axis of the lifting system;

Step 104: The transport trolley tows the vehicle into the hoisting system, the transport trolley leaves the hoisting system, and the hoisting system sends the vehicle to the first floor;

Step 105: The transport trolley on the first floor enters the lifting system, drags the vehicle onto the rotatable disc 2, the rotatable disc 2 rotates at a specified angle, and the center line is aligned with the central axis of the parking space;

Step 106: The transport trolley drags the vehicle to the parking space, and the transport trolley leaves;

Step 107: The outer door of the garage is opened, and the driver enters the garage to pick up the car;

Step 108: The driver drives to the exit of the parking lot, and after collecting the vehicle information, the vehicle leaves the parking lot.

Please refer to shown in Fig. 3, it is the cache parking space schematic diagram of the first layer, and the cache parking space of this layer comprises the cache parking space 42 and the storage parking space 44 that are arranged in a staggered manner, and the storage parking space 44 is used as a normal storage parking space, while driving When the clerk enters the parking garage to park or pick up the car, the car is parked in the buffer parking space 42 or the car is taken out from the buffer parking space 42. The first half of the section of the buffer parking space 42 is trapezoidal, the second half of the section is rectangular, and the width of the narrowest part of the buffer parking space 42 can ensure that the vacant width on both sides is greater than 1.5m after the doors on both sides of the vehicle are opened. Optimized, the buffer parking space The width at the narrowest point of 42 is 2.5m, and the floor height of the first floor is 3m. The setting of cached parking spaces can eliminate the depression of customers and improve the good experience of parking.

In order to reasonably select the number of parking spaces on each floor of the three-dimensional parking garage and achieve a balanced design of various indicators, it is necessary to optimize the design of the number of parking spaces. The optimization design process is as follows:

Optimization goal: the optimization goal is to minimize the area occupied by the unit parking space;

Constraint conditions: the total area of the land should not exceed a certain value, the size of the parking space should be 2.5mX6m, the diameter of the rotatable disk 2 in the middle should not be less than 6m, and two positions should be reserved on each floor of the outer ring of the steel structure 1 of the tower-type three-dimensional garage for lifting The operating position of the system 3, the size of the lifting system 3 is not less than 3.6mX6.8m, the parking space of the steel structure 1 of the tower-type three-dimensional garage is designed as a symmetrical structure, and the number of parking spaces is an even number;

Design variables: the number of parking spaces or the diameter of the steel structure 1 of the tower-type three-dimensional garage.

Optimization process: Assuming that the diameter of steel structure 1 of the tower-type three-dimensional garage is D, the occupied area is S=π(D+12) ² /4, and the number of parking spaces is L=(2π-4arcsin(3.6/D))/( 2arcsin(2.5/D)) and rounded down, the central angle corresponding to a single parking space is 2arcsin(2.5/D), and the central angle corresponding to the elevator is 2arcsin(3.6/D), find the unit parking area SS=S/L The minimum value of , according to the analysis of the relationship function between the unit parking area SS and the number of parking spaces L is shown in Figure 4, and the relationship function of the first derivative of the unit parking area SS to the number of parking spaces L is shown in Figure 5.

According to Figure 4 and Figure 5, the following conclusions can be drawn:

The unit area SS of a car decreases as the number of parking spaces increases. When the number of parking spaces L is 15, it reaches the minimum. The unit area SS of 11 to 18 parking spaces basically does not change much. As the number of parking spaces increases, the rate of change of SS per unit parking space gradually decreases with the number of parking spaces.

According to the analysis results, considering various factors, the number of parking spaces is designed to be 11 to 18 optimal, and the optimal number of parking spaces is 14. In this embodiment, the second best value is 12 according to the limitations of the actual situation, that is, there are 12 parking spaces.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of design method of the parking stall quantity arrangement of parking systems, is applied to multiple port, more elevators are realized parallel Change the tower-type space garage of Transport Vehicle, which includes steel structures coating, parking handling system, the steel construction system System includes at least one tower-type space garage steel construction, tower if each tower-type space garage steel construction includes dried layer parking tier Stereo garage steel construction is divided into inner ring, outer ring, and outer ring parking, the parking handling system includes floor truck, rotatable disc And lifting system, every layer of interior circle center of tower-type space garage steel construction places a rotatable disc and a carrying is small Vehicle surrounds rotatable disc, and the radial multiple parking stalls of setting, floor truck is by vehicle between parking stall and rotatable disc Mobile, each layer in outer ring of tower-type space garage steel construction reserves operative position of two positions as lifting system, is by being promoted Each parking tier is connected by system, which is characterized in that the design method of each layer of parking stall quantity arrangement is as follows：

Optimization aim：With the minimum optimization aim of unit parking stall floor space；

Constraints：Take up an area gross area size be no more than certain value, truck spaces 2.5mX6m, intermediate rotatable disc it is straight Diameter is not less than 6m, and the size of lifting system is not less than 3.6mX6.8m, and the parking stall of tower-type space garage steel construction is designed as symmetrical junction Structure, parking stall number are even number；

Design variable：The diameter of parking stall quantity or tower-type space garage steel construction；

Optimization process：If a diameter of D of tower-type space garage steel construction, then it is S=π (D+12) to take up an area the gross area²/ 4, parking stall number For L=(2 π -4arcsin (3.6/D))/(2arcsin (2.5/D)) and downward rounding, unit parking stall floor space SS=S/L is sought Minimum value, unit of analysis parking stall floor space SS and the relation function of parking stall number L and 1 rank of unit parking stall floor space SS Derivative obtains as drawn a conclusion the relation function of parking stall number L：

Flat vehicle floor space SS successively decreases with parking stall number L increases, and parking stall number L reaches minimum when being 15,11 to 18 parking stall lists Position floor space SS changes less substantially, and number flat vehicle floor space SS after 18 in parking stall gradually increases again, and unit parking stall accounts for Ground area SS change rates gradually successively decrease with parking stall number, and parking stall quantitative design is 11 to 18.

2. the design method of the parking stall quantity arrangement of parking systems according to claim 1, which is characterized in that optimized vehicle Digit is 14.

3. the design method of the parking stall quantity arrangement of parking systems according to claim 2, which is characterized in that sub-optimal vehicle Digit is 12.

4. the design method of the parking stall quantity arrangement of parking systems according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to carry The system of liter uses the special lift of parking garage systems.

5. the design method of the parking stall quantity arrangement of parking systems according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first layer Stop pick-up position as caching, second layer or more is as storage parking stall.

6. the design method of the parking stall quantity arrangement of parking systems according to claim 5, which is characterized in that first layer Caching to stop picking up the car include the caching parking stall that is staggered and storage parking stall, the first half in the caching parking stall section is in ladder After the latter half of shape, section is rectangle, and the width for caching the most narrow place of parking stall can ensure that the door on vehicle both sides is opened The vacant width in both sides is more than 1.5m.

7. the design method of the parking stall quantity arrangement of parking systems according to claim 6, which is characterized in that caching vehicle The width at the most narrow place of position is 2.5m.

8. the design method of the parking stall quantity arrangement of parking systems according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described the One layer of floor height is 3m.