CN106394229B - 双电动机电力辅助全轮驱动 - Google Patents

双电动机电力辅助全轮驱动 Download PDF

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CN106394229B
CN106394229B CN201610578905.6A CN201610578905A CN106394229B CN 106394229 B CN106394229 B CN 106394229B CN 201610578905 A CN201610578905 A CN 201610578905A CN 106394229 B CN106394229 B CN 106394229B
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axle assembly
motor
gear
engine
engaged
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CN106394229A (zh
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L·A·普里查德
T·柯普
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BorgWarner Inc
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BorgWarner Inc
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

一种产品可包括发动机、以及由发动机驱动的变速器。车轴组件可通过变速器由发动机驱动。可将电机连接到车轴组件。电机可以有选择地驱动车轴组件并且可以通过变速器和车轴组件由发动机有选择地驱动。动力传递单元可被接合在电机与车轴组件之间。

Description

双电动机电力辅助全轮驱动
技术领域
本发明总体涉及的领域包括车辆驱动系统并且更特别地包括可以包括电力辅助的车辆驱动系统。
背景技术
车辆驱动系统可以包括内燃机、电动机或其他用于推进的动力装置。混合型车辆可以包括不同类型的动力装置的组合。
发明内容
根据多个说明性变型，一种产品可以包括发动机以及由该发动机驱动的变速器。车轴组件可以通过变速器由发动机进行驱动。电机可以连接至车轴组件。电机有选择地驱动车轴组件并且可以通过变速器和车轴组件由发动机有选择性地驱动。动力传递单元可接合在电机与车轴组件之间。
本发明范围内的其他说明性变型通过本文提供的详细说明将变得显而易见。应该理解，详细说明和具体示例虽然披露了本发明范围内的变型，但仅旨在用于说明的目的且并非旨在限定本发明的范围。
附图说明
本发明范围内的变型的优选示例通过详细说明和附图将会得到更加全面的理解，其中：
图1是示出了根据多个变型的车辆动力系统的一部分的产品的示意图。
图2是示出了根据多个变型的车辆动力系统的一部分的产品的示意图。
图3是示出了根据多个变型的车辆动力系统的一部分的产品的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下对变型的说明在本质上仅是说明性的，并且决不旨在限制本发明的范围、其应用或用途。
在如图1所示的多个变型中，产品10可以包括车轴组件12，其可以包括差速器单元14。差速器单元14可以包括差速器壳16并且可以具有可以在其每一端处与差速器壳16接合的小齿轮轴18。差速器壳16可以是可旋转的并且可以通过轴承17和19承载在壳体15中。齿轮11可以与差速器壳16接合，以与其一起旋转。齿轮11可以是环形齿轮并且可以是螺旋齿轮或螺旋环形齿轮。小齿轮轴18可以承载小齿轮20和小齿轮21，其分别可以在小齿轮轴18上可旋转。侧齿轮22可以与小齿轮20和21中的每一个啮合并且另一个侧齿轮23可以与小齿轮20和21中的每一个啮合。差速器壳16的旋转可以使得小齿轮20和21旋转，而这可以使得侧齿轮22和23旋转。
在多个变型中，车轴组件12可以包括轴25，轴25可以具有可以与侧齿轮22接合以与其一起旋转的一端并且可以具有与内接头26接合的一端，内接头26可以是可以将轴25的旋转传递至轴27且可以允许在轴25与轴27之间实现角度变化的恒速接头。轴27可以具有与内接头26连接的一端以及与外接头28连接的另一端。外接头28可以是可以将轴27的旋转传递至轴29且可以允许在轴27与轴29之间实现角度变化的恒速接头。轴29可以是可旋转的并且可以承载车轮30。
在多个变型中，车轴组件12可以包括轴31，轴31可以具有可以与侧齿轮23接合以与其一起旋转的一端并且可以具有与内接头32接合的一端，内接头32可以是可以将轴31的旋转传递至轴33且可以允许在轴31与轴33之间实现角度变化的恒速接头。轴33可以具有与内接头32连接的一端以及与外接头34连接的另一端。外接头34可以是可以将轴33的旋转传递至轴35且可以允许在轴33与轴35之间实现角度变化的恒速接头。轴35可以是可旋转的并且可以承载车轮36。
在多个变型中，产品10可以包括动力源38，动力源38可以包括发动机40，发动机40可以是内燃机或另一种类型的动力源。发动机40可以与多级变速器42连接，并且，转矩转换器44可以设置在变速器42与发动机40之间。变速器42可以具有任何构造，例如行星齿轮变速器或者其他类型的变速器，并且可以是自动变速器或手动致动变速器，或其组合。变速器42可以包括轴45和齿轮46，其中机构在其间提供各种前进、后退、空档齿轮布置。齿轮46可以是输出齿轮并且可以与齿轮11接合。变速器42可以将来自发动机40的动力通过正啮合齿轮46和11提供至车轴组件12。
在多个变型中，电机48可通过动力传递单元50与车轴组件12连接。所述电机48可以是电动机或可以是电动发电机或者可以是其他类型的电机以向所述动力传递单元50提供动力。轴52，其可以是转子轴或所述转子轴的分段延伸部，所述轴可从所述电机48延伸并且可由轴承54和56支撑。齿轮58可以固定到所述轴52以与所述轴一起旋转并且可以设置在所述动力传递单元50内。在多个变型中，轴60可在所述动力传递单元50内延伸并且可由轴承62和64支撑转动。齿轮65可固定以与所述轴60一起旋转并可与所述轴啮合，并且可与所述齿轮11正向接合以与所述齿轮11一起旋转。齿轮68可以旋转并且可以承载在所述轴60周围，并且可与所述轴啮合，还可与齿轮58正向接合以与齿轮58一起旋转以便由所述电机48驱动或者可变换地驱动所述电机48。在多个变型中，断开机构70可以定位在所述轴60的周围并且可包括元件71，所述元件71可以固定到所述轴60以与所述轴一起旋转，所述断开机构还可包括元件72，所述元件72可固定到所述齿轮68以与齿轮一起旋转。所述断开机构70可以是离合器，同步器，或可以是另外的机械设备，所述机械设备可构造成使所述轴60与所述齿轮68接合和断开，以上可通过所述元件71和72实现。在多个变型中，所述元件72可以是圆盘，所述圆盘有选择地被所述元件71卡住以与所述元件71一起旋转或有选择地由所述元件71松开以使旋转/动力不在所述轴60与所述齿轮68之间传递。所述元件71可包括压板并且可具有致动器，所述致动器可以机械地，电性地，流体地或其他方式操作以选择地接合和/或断开所述元件71和72。啮合可以通过夹持所述元件71到元件72上来实现。
在多个变型中，产品10的操作可包括推进模式，在推进模式中，动力可通过转矩转换器44从所述动力源38传输到所述车轴组件12以及从所述变速器42传输到所述齿轮11上的车轴组件12上。在这种操作模式下，所述电机48可通过所述断开机构70的断开，比如所述元件72从元件71松开，而从车轴组件12断开。所述电机48可在发动机40提供动力下与所述车轴组件12连接以便充电。在多个变型中，在带有所述车轮30和36的输入下，所述车轴组件12可通过所述齿轮11、所述动力传递单元50和所述轴52驱动所述电机48，以提供充电模式，在这种充电模式下，所述电机48可用作发电机。在这种操作模式中，所述电机48可通过所述断开机构70内的所述元件71和72的啮合连接到所述车轴组件12。在多个变型中，产品10的操作可包括推进模式，在推进模式中，动力可通过所述动力传递单元50从所述电机48传输到所述车轴组件12。在这种操作模式中，所述电机48可通过所述断开机构70内的所述元件71和72的啮合连接到所述车轴组件12。同样，在这种操作模式下，在电力辅助模式或电力专属模式中的任何一个模式下，动力可以从所述发动机40传输到所述车轴组件12或者可以不从所述发动机40传输到所述车轴组件12。所述发动机40可以关机并且所述产品10可在电力航行模式下操作，所述模式具有任何需要的动力，所述动力从所述电机48提供到所述车轴组件12。
在如图2所示的多个变型中，产品80可包括动力传递单元82。同图1所示的部件一样，图2中的部件有相同的附图标记。所述动力传递单元82可连接在所述车轴组件12与所述电机48之间。所述电机48可以是电动机或可以是电动发电机或者可以是其他类型的电机以向所述动力传递单元50提供动力。轴52，其可以是转子轴或所述转子轴的分段延伸部，所述轴可从所述电机48延伸并且可由轴承54和56支撑。齿轮58可以固定到所述轴52以与所述轴一起旋转并且可以设置在所述动力传递单元82内。在多个变型中，轴83可在所述动力传递单元82内延伸并且可由轴承84和85支撑转动。齿轮86可固定在所述轴83上。齿轮68可以旋转并且可以承载在所述轴83周围，并且可与所述轴啮合，还可与齿轮58正向接合以与齿轮58一起旋转以便由所述电机48驱动或者可变换地驱动所述电机48。在多个变型中，断开机构70可以定位在所述轴83的周围并且可包括元件71，所述元件71可以固定到所述轴83以与所述轴一起旋转，所述断开机构还可包括元件72，所述元件72可固定到所述齿轮68以与齿轮一起旋转。所述断开机构70可以是离合器，同步器，或可以是另外的机械设备，所述机械设备可构造成使所述轴83与所述齿轮68接合和断开，以上可通过所述元件71和72实现。在多个变型中，所述元件72可以是圆盘，所述圆盘有选择地被所述元件71卡住以与所述元件71一起旋转或有选择地由所述元件71松开以使旋转/动力不在所述轴83与所述齿轮68之间传递。
在多个变型中，车轴25可以延伸穿过动力传递单元82并且可以由轴承88和89支撑旋转。在多个变型中，断开机构90可以定位在轴25周围并且可以包括元件91，所述元件91可以固定到轴25以与所述轴一起旋转，并且断开机构90可以包括元件92，所述元件92可以固定到齿轮93或形成为齿轮93的部分以与齿轮93一起旋转。断开机构90可以是离合器、同步器，或可以是另一机械设备，其可以被构造成使轴25与齿轮93接合和断开，这均可以通过元件91和92而实现。在多个变型中，元件92可以是圆盘，所述圆盘可以被元件91卡住以与元件91一起旋转或可以被元件91释放使得旋转/动力不在轴25与齿轮93之间传递。
在多个变型中，动力传递单元可以包括轴94，所述轴94可以承载各自固定为与轴94一起旋转并且穿过彼此的齿轮95和齿轮96。齿轮96可以大于齿轮95并且可以具有较大直径。齿轮95可以与齿轮93啮合并且可以与齿轮93正向接合。齿轮96可以与齿轮86啮合并且可以与齿轮86正向接合。当断开机构接合时，旋转和动力可以通过动力传递单元82在车轴组件12与电机48之间传递。动力流可以按顺序从车轴25引导通过断开机构90、齿轮93、齿轮95、轴94、齿轮96、齿轮86、轴83、断开机构70、齿轮68、齿轮58和轴52而到达电机48。动力流可以按相反顺序从电机48引导到车轴组件12。齿轮95和96可以在无中间轴的情况下被组合为步进式齿轮。齿轮58与齿轮93之间的减速比可以有利地为16:1或近似16:1。
在多个变型中，如图3中说明，车辆100可以包括提高的电容量。图3中的元件(类似于图1和2中的元件)可以被赋予相同的附图标记。应当明白的是，动力传递单元82可以在图3中被替换为动力传递单元50。车辆100可以包括车轮101到104。车轮101和102可以连接到车轴组件12，且车轮103和104可以连接到车轴组件105。车轴组件105可以包括内接头106和108，其可以是可以传递旋转并且可以允许经连接部件之间的角变化的恒速接头。接头106可以将车轴109与车轴110连接。接头108可以将车轴111与车轴112连接。车轴110和112可以分别与外接头114和115连接，所述外接头114和115可以是恒速接头并且可以分别连接到车轮103和104。
在多个变型中，车轴组件105可以具有差速器单元116。差速器单元116可以包括差速器壳117并且可以具有可以在其每一端处与差速器壳117接合的小齿轮轴118。差速器壳117是可旋转的并且可以由轴承119和120承载。齿轮121可以与差速器壳117接合以与其一起旋转。齿轮121可以是环形齿轮并且可以是锥齿轮，且可以是螺旋锥直角齿轮。小齿轮轴118可以承载小齿轮122和小齿轮123，其中的每一个均可以在小齿轮轴118上可旋转。侧齿轮124可以与小齿轮122、123中的每一个啮合并且另一侧齿轮126可以与小齿轮122、123中的每一个啮合。差速器壳117的旋转可以使小齿轮122、123旋转，而这可以使侧齿轮124、126旋转。
在多个变型中，车轴109可以具有可以与侧齿轮124接合以与侧齿轮124一起旋转的端部，并且可以具有其与内接头106接合的相对端。车轴111可以具有可以与侧齿轮126接合以与侧齿轮126一起旋转的端部，并且可以具有其与内接头108接合的相对端。齿轮121的旋转可以使差速器壳117旋转并旋转通过122、123，且侧齿轮124、126可以使车轴109和111旋转。
在多个变型中，电机130可以通过动力传递单元132与车轴组件105连接。电机130可以是电动机或可以是电动发电机或者可以是另一类型的电机以向动力传递单元132提供动力。轴134(可以是转子轴)可以从电机48延伸并且可以由轴承136支撑。轴134可以与轴138的近端接合，或自身可以延伸超过车轴组件105，且所得远端可以由轴承140支撑旋转。齿轮142(可以是螺旋齿轮)可以固定在轴138上以与轴138一起旋转并且可以设置在动力传递单元132中。
在许多变型中，所述齿轮142可与齿轮144啮合，并且可与齿轮144正向接合以与齿轮144一起旋转，所述齿轮144可以是螺旋齿轮并且其直径比所述齿轮142大，以在它们之间产生缩减。所述齿轮144可与转矩传递元件146连接，所述转矩传递元件146可呈管状并且可与齿轮148啮合且可与齿轮148正向接合以与齿轮148一起旋转。所述齿轮148可以是齿轮组149中的中心齿轮，所述齿轮组可以是行星齿轮组。所述齿轮148可与齿轮150和151啮合并且可与齿轮150和151正向接合以与齿轮150和151一起旋转。所述齿轮150和151可以是行星齿轮，也可提供另一个编号。所述齿轮150和151可分别在销152和153上旋转，所述销可固定于托架154。所述齿轮150和151可与齿轮155啮合并且可与齿轮155正向接合以与齿轮155一起旋转，所述齿轮155可以是圈或环齿轮并且可包括内齿。所述齿轮155可被举起或接地，这样它可固定成不发生旋转。所述齿轮148的旋转可使所述齿轮150和151绕所述齿轮155的内侧旋转和移动，从而所述托架154发生旋转。所述转矩传递元件146可与转矩传递元件157连接或成型，或齿轮148可与转矩传递元件157成型，并可与其一起旋转。所述托架154可与转矩传递元件158连接并可与其一起旋转。
在许多变型中，机械机构160可包括接合元件162，其可固定以与轴164一起旋转。所述轴164可被支撑用于通过轴承165、167旋转，并可延伸穿过所述转矩传递元件146。齿轮168可被固定于所述轴164以与其一起旋转，并可与所述齿轮121啮合且可与齿轮121正向接合以与齿轮121一起旋转，以驱动所述车轴组件105或被其驱动。所述接合元件162可选择性地将所述从动齿轮组149从所述轴164脱离，或者可移动到图3中所看到的右侧，以便选择性地将所述齿轮组149与来自所述齿轮148的轴164及与其连接的转矩传递元件157连接，或者可选择性地移动到图3中所看到的左侧，以便将所述齿轮组149与来自所述托架154的轴164及与其连接的转矩传递元件158连接。当输入从所述齿轮148提供给所述轴164时，可以保持来自所述转矩传递元件146的转速，从而可提供一个高档模式。当输入从所述托架154提供给所述轴164时，可以减少来自所述转矩传递元件146的转速，可以增加转矩，从而可提供一个低档模式。
在许多变型中，所述发动机40可包括取力器170，其可通过链接元件172与电机171连接。所述电机171可以是电动机或者可以是电动发电机，或者可以是另一种类型的电机，其可由所述发动机171驱动并且可通过所述链接元件172和取力器170驱动所述发动机。所述电机171可以构造成皮带-交流发动机-起动机设置，其中所述链接元件172可以是滑轮驱动皮带。所述电机171可在诸如48伏的设定电压下运行。所述电机可用来，例如，当重新起动和发动停止车辆时，通过所述链接元件172启动所述发动机40，并由此推动所述车轴组件12。
在许多变型中，所述电机48、130和171可与所述车辆电池180连接。所述车辆100可通过所述车轮101、102的旋转而推进，所述车轮通过发动机40经由所述转矩转换器44、变速器42和车轴组件12而旋转。所述发动机40可由其汽缸41内的燃烧而驱动，或者可由所述电机171通过所述链接元件172和所述取力器170而驱动。所述断开设备72可脱离接合以便选择性地将所述电机48从所述车轴组件12脱离。为了高效的动力吸收或部署，所述断开设备72可接合以便从所述车轴组件12驱动所述电机48，或者以便不需要经过所述发动机40从所述电机48驱动所述车轴组件12。为了从所有四个车轮101-104回收制动能量用于给所述电池180充电，根据许多变型，所述断开设备72可接合以便从所述车轴组件12驱动所述电机48，并且所述电机可接合以便从所述车轴组件15驱动所述电机130。充电可由电机48、130中的一个或两者提供。当其由或通过所述发动机40驱动时，充电也可由电机171提供。制动能量回收可由所述电机48、130中的一个提供，所述电机在所述车轴组件12、105之间产生用于所述车辆100的处理或牵引性能的从前到后的转矩偏置。转矩可以提供用来使所述轴12、105制动，其是通过在电机48、130中产生电流实现的。最大制动能量回收可由所述电机48、130提供，不需要通过所述链接元件172直接回收转矩。在许多变型中，所述车辆100可通过分别从所述电机48和130驱动所述车轴组件12、105实现在电力的四轮或全轮驱动模式下运行，因此能够使用低功率发动机40。所述电机48和130可在大于所述电机171电压的设定电压下运行，以提高动力。
可通过使用电机48和130，同时通过控制每个车轴组件12，105的转矩提供改善的稳定性控制使得能量回收被最大化。可通过电机130向车轴组件105分配再生转矩来提供一种控制车辆动力学的方法。可通过电机48和130在车轴组件12与车轴组件105之间分配推进转矩来提供一种控制车辆动力学的方法。通过在前轴12和后轴105处使用电机48和130，电驱动辅助可增加等级攀升并可向低速操纵提供电力辅助启动或蠕变操作。
变型的以下描述只是说明被视为在本发明范围内的部件、元件、行为、产品和方法并且不以任何方式通过所具体公开的内容或未详细阐述的内容限制此范围。文中所述的部件、元件、行为、产品和方法可不按照文中详述的进行组合和重排并且仍视为在本发明的范围内。
变型1可涉及一种产品，该产品包括发动机和由发动机驱动的变速器。车轴组件可通过变速器由发动机驱动。电机可被连接到车轴组件。电机有选择地驱动车轴组件并可通过变速器和车轴组件由发动机选择地驱动。动力传递单元可被接合在电机与车轴组件之间。
变型2可包括根据变型1的产品，其中所述动力传递单元可包括被设置在车轴组件与电机之间的断开设备。所述断开设备可通过车轴组件和动力传递单元选择地将电机与变速器接合。
变型3可包括根据变型2的产品并可在车轴组件中包括差速器单元。第一齿轮可被固定到差速器单元。变速器可在第一齿轮处与车轴组件接合且动力传递单元可在第一齿轮处与车轴组件接合。
变型4可包括根据变型2的产品并可包括可具有差速器壳并可包括在车轴组件中的差速器单元。第一齿轮可被固定到差速器壳。变速器可在第一齿轮处与车轴组件接合且动力传递单元可在差速器壳处与车轴组件接合。
变型5可包括根据变型1至4中任一项的产品，其中所述发动机可具有取力器。链接元件可与取力器接合以及第二电机可与链接元件接合。第二电机可由发动机选择地驱动以及第二电机有选择地驱动发动机。
变型6可包括根据变型5的产品并可包括后车轴组件。第三电机可与后车轴组件接合。第三电机可由后车轴组件选择地驱动并有选择地驱动后车轴组件。
变型7可包括根据变型6的产品并可包括混合全轮驱动模式，其中所述发动机可驱动车轴组件以及所述第三电机可驱动后车轴组件。
变型8可包括根据变型6的产品，其中所述第三电机可以作为电动机运行以向后车轴组件提供牵引转矩并可以发电机运行以向后车轴组件提供制动转矩。
变型9可包括根据变型8的产品，其中所述牵引或制动转矩可被分配在车轴组件与后车轴组件之间。
变型10可包括根据变型9的产品并可包括选择地将电机从车轴组件连接或断开的断开机构。断开机构可被选择地接合以分配牵引或制动转矩。
变型11可包括根据变型8的产品并可包括仅电动全轮驱动模式，其中所述电机可驱动车轴组件以及所述第三电机可驱动后车轴组件以及所述发动机被脱离。
变型12可包括根据变型1至4中任一项的产品，其中所述发动机可具有取力器。可包括第二电机以及链接元件可将第二电机连接到取力器。车轴组件可驱动电机并不可驱动第二电机以回收能量。
变型13可包括一种产品，所述产品可包括发动机。变速器可由发动机驱动。车轴组件可通过变速器由发动机驱动。电机可被连接到车轴组件。电机有选择地驱动车轴组件并且可通过变速器和车轴组件由发动机选择地驱动。动力传递单元可被接合在电机与车轴组件之间。动力传递单元可包括选择地连接电机并将电机从车轴组件断开的断开机构。
变型14可包括根据变型13的产品，其中所述动力传递单元可包括可固定到电机并由电机驱动的第一锥齿轮。轴可被包括在动力传递单元中。第二锥齿轮可围绕轴旋转并可与第一锥齿轮正向接合。断开设备可包括固定到轴的第一元件并可包括固定到第二锥齿轮的第二元件。
变型15可包括根据变型13的产品，其中，车轴组件可包括具有差速器壳的差速器单元。差速器单元可与第一齿轮接合，通过第一齿轮可将输入提供到车轴组件。变速器可包括第二齿轮，该第二齿轮可提供来自变速器的输出并可与第一齿轮正向接合。动力传递单元可包括第三齿轮，该第三齿轮可提供来自动力传递单元的输出并可与第一齿轮正向接合。
变型16可包括根据变型15的产品，其中，动力传递单元可包括第一锥齿轮，该第一锥齿轮可固定在电机上并可由电机驱动。轴可被包括在该动力传递单元中。第二锥齿轮可围绕该轴旋转并可与第一锥齿轮正向接合。断开设备可包括固定在轴上的第一元件并可包括固定到第二锥齿轮上的第二元件。
变型17可包括根据变型16的产品，其中，第三齿轮可固定在轴上。
变型18可包括根据变型13-17中的任意一个变型的产品，其中，发动机可具有取力器。链接元件可与取力器接合，以及第二电机可与链接元件接合。第二电机有选择地由发动机驱动，并且第二电机有选择地驱动发动机。
变型19可包括根据变型18的产品并且可包括后车轴组件。第三电机可与后车轴组件接合。第三电机有选择地由后车轴组件驱动，并且第三电机有选择地驱动后车轴组件。
变型20可包括产品，其可包括发动机。变速器可由发动机驱动。车轴组件可通过变速器由发动机驱动。第三电机可连接到车轴组件。动力传递单元可连接在电机与车轴组件之间。车轴组件可包括差速器单元，其可具有第一齿轮，通过第一齿轮可将输入提供到车轴组件。变速器可包括第二齿轮，该第二齿轮可提供来自变速器的输出并可与第一齿轮正向接合。动力传递单元可包括第三齿轮，该第三齿轮可提供来自动力传递单元的输出并可与第一齿轮正向接合。

Claims (11)

1.一种产品，其包括发动机、由发动机驱动的变速器、通过变速器由发动机驱动的车轴组件、连接到所述车轴组件的电机以及接合在所述电机与所述车轴组件之间的动力传递单元，所述电机有选择地驱动所述车轴组件并有选择地通过所述变速器和所述车轴组件由所述发动机驱动，其中，所述动力传递单元具有设在所述车轴组件与所述电机之间的断开设备，所述电机可通过所述车轴组件和所述动力传递单元有选择地将所述电机与所述变速器接合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的产品，其进一步包括包含在所述车轴组件内的差速器单元以及固定在所述差速器单元上的第一齿轮；所述变速器在所述第一齿轮处与所述车轴组件接合，并且所述动力传递单元在所述第一齿轮处与所述车轴组件接合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的产品，其进一步包括差速器单元，其具有差速器壳并且包含在所述车轴组件内；第一齿轮固定在所述差速器壳上；所述变速器在所述第一齿轮处与所述车轴组件接合，并且所述动力传递单元在所述差速器壳处与所述车轴组件接合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的产品，其中，所述发动机具有取力器并进一步包括与所述取力器接合的链接元件以及与所述链接元件接合的第二电机；所述第二电机有选择地由所述发动机驱动并且所述第二电机有选择地驱动所述发动机。
5.根据权利要求4所述的产品，其进一步包括后车轴组件和与所述后车轴组件接合的第三电机，所述第三电机有选择地由所述后车轴组件驱动并且有选择地驱动所述后车轴组件。
6.根据权利要求5所述的产品，其进一步包括混合全轮驱动模式，其中，所述发动机驱动所述车轴组件并且所述第三电机驱动所述后车轴组件。
7.根据权利要求5所述的产品，其中，所述第三电机用作电动机向所述后车轴组件提供牵引转矩并且用作发电机向所述后车轴组件提供制动转矩。
8.根据权利要求7所述的产品，其中，所述牵引转矩或制动转矩在所述车轴组件与所述后车轴组件之间分配。
9.根据权利要求8所述的产品，其进一步包括可接合的断开机构，所述可接合的断开机构有选择地将所述电机连接到所述车轴组件和将所述电机从所述车轴组件脱离，其中，所述断开机构有选择地接合以便分配所述牵引转矩或制动转矩。
10.根据权利要求7所述的产品，其进一步包括仅电动全轮驱动模式，其中，所述电机驱动所述车轴组件并且所述第三电机驱动所述后车轴组件。
11.根据权利要求1所述的产品，其中，所述发动机具有取力器和带链接元件的第二电机，所述链接元件将所述第二电机连接到所述取力器，其中所述车轴组件驱动所述电机而不驱动所述第二电机以回收能量。
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