CN106348941A - 一种香菇培养基 - Google Patents
一种香菇培养基 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106348941A CN106348941A CN201610918160.3A CN201610918160A CN106348941A CN 106348941 A CN106348941 A CN 106348941A CN 201610918160 A CN201610918160 A CN 201610918160A CN 106348941 A CN106348941 A CN 106348941A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/005—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from meat-wastes or from other wastes of animal origin, e.g. skins, hair, hoofs, feathers, blood
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种香菇培养基，所述香菇培养基主要由瓜子壳、鸭肺、蝙蝠粪、中南鱼藤、驴蹄草、韩信草、短梗重楼、鸵鸟蛋壳、豌豆花和黄腐酸钾为原料制成。具体制备方法包括以下步骤：将瓜子壳、鸭肺、蝙蝠粪、中南鱼藤、驴蹄草、韩信草、短梗重楼、鸵鸟蛋壳、豌豆花混合，边搅拌边喷水至含水率为60％～70％，得混合料；将上述混合料堆肥，得堆肥发酵物；将所得的堆肥发酵物和黄腐酸钾拌匀后装入规格为30×40×0.005cm聚乙烯薄膜料筒袋内，再经灭菌，即得香菇培养基。本发明制备的香菇培养基可有效杀虫和抑菌，提高香菇产量，品质更优。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明属于食用菌培养基领域，具体涉及一种香菇培养基。
【背景技术】
中国具有丰富的食用菌物种资源，传统生产和现代化种植方式并存，食用菌产量占世界总产量的70％以上，其总产值在中国种植业中的排名仅次于粮、棉、油、菜、果，居第六位。除了丰富的野生菌资源，中国食用菌的栽培种类已达70多种，大宗品种有香菇、平菇、木耳、双孢菇、金针菇、草菇等，一系列的珍稀品种如白灵菇、杏鲍菇、茶树菇、真姬菇、灰树花等也受到市场青睐，成为中国食用菌产业新的增长点。
香菇作为一种食用菌，含有高蛋白、低脂肪、多糖、多种氨基酸和多种维生素。香菇具有多种药用功能，如提高机体免疫功能、抗氧化、延缓衰老、防癌抗癌、降血压、降血脂和胆固醇，香菇还对糖尿病、肺结核、传染性肝炎、神经炎等具有治疗作用，又可用于消化不良、便秘等。
香菇在培养过程中，可能由于场地卫生条件差、灭菌不彻底、接种操作不当、包装破损等原因，因此，食用菌生产过程中病虫害的污染越来越严重。其中，最常见、最严重地是由真菌引起的培养料污染和多种真菌病害，给生产造成重大损失，甚至绝收。如绿色木霉就是食用菌栽培中最常见、危害最严重的病菌之一，它不仅污染培养料，造成菌种或菌袋报废，同时还可在食用菌菌丝和子实体上引起寄生性病害。袋料栽培中害虫主要为螨类和线虫，啃食香菇，降低产量。目前人们通常使用多种农药来防治食用菌的真菌污染、真菌病害和害虫，但由于条件所限，食用菌生产中滥用农药的现象相当普遍。农药残留过量不但危害身体健康，而且直接影响到我国的食用菌产品的出口。因而，寻找一种具有抗菌杀虫功能的香菇培养基成为食用菌领域的新需求。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术中的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种香菇培养基，该培养基抑菌杀虫效果好，香菇产量和品质均可得到提高。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种香菇培养基，所述香菇培养基主要以瓜子壳、鸭肺、蝙蝠粪、中南鱼藤、驴蹄草、韩信草、短梗重楼、鸵鸟蛋壳、豌豆花和黄腐酸钾为原料制成。
进一步地，所述香菇培养基主要由如下重量份的原料制成：瓜子壳30-40份、鸭肺4-7份、蝙蝠粪14-18份、中南鱼藤2-3份、驴蹄草3-5份、韩信草4-7份、短梗重楼4-8份、鸵鸟蛋壳3-5份、豌豆花1-5份和黄腐酸钾1-3份。
进一步地，所述香菇培养基主要由如下重量份的原料制成：瓜子壳35份、鸭肺6份、蝙蝠粪16份、中南鱼藤3份、驴蹄草4份、韩信草6份、短梗重楼6份、鸵鸟蛋壳4份、豌豆花3份和黄腐酸钾2份。
进一步地，所述香菇培养基的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)按要求拣取所述材料；
(2)将瓜子壳、鸭肺、蝙蝠粪、中南鱼藤、驴蹄草、韩信草、短梗重楼、鸵鸟蛋壳、豌豆花混合，边搅拌边喷水至含水率为60％～70％，得混合料；
(3)堆肥：①建堆：将步骤(2)所得的混合料按照高:宽:长＝1:1:2要求堆放，每隔0.6～0.8m插入木棒，建堆完毕后，将木棒拔去，在料堆中插木棒处形成通气孔，促进料堆的透气性；料堆用塑料薄膜覆盖，以便保温保湿，经过两天后，揭开堆顶塑料薄膜，增加料堆的通气性；②翻堆：每天测温一次，当堆温升至60℃时开始机械翻堆，每天翻两次，堆温升至70℃时每天翻堆三次，当堆肥产生白色絮状毛但无臭气味时，堆放发酵完成，得堆肥发酵物；
(4)将步骤(3)所得的堆肥发酵物和黄腐酸钾拌匀后装入规格为30×40×0.005cm聚乙烯薄膜料筒袋内，在常压状态下，将装袋物在110℃蒸汽中灭菌12～24h，而后冷却至25～30℃，即得香菇培养基。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明中瓜子壳含有纤维素、木质素、半木质素及少量的糖类、矿物质等，为香菇生长提供丰富的碳源和矿质元素；鸭肺含蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、无机盐、维生素类，以B族维生素和维生素E含量较多，为香菇生长提供丰富的氮源和生长因子；蝙蝠粪含尿素、尿酸及少量的维生素，同时还含有大量元素钙、磷、镁和钾等；中南鱼藤根和茎叶可用于痈疽疮疡、杀虫疥疮、疥癣、丹毒、无名肿毒和虫蛇咬伤等，可杀虫，对木霉、黑曲霉和黑根霉有抑菌之效；驴蹄草全草含白头翁素和其他植物碱，有毒，可杀螨虫和线虫；韩信草对金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌有抑制作用；短梗重楼能清热解毒和消肿止痛，有灭菌和抑菌之效；鸵鸟蛋壳要以碳酸钙形式存在，其余还有少量的镁、钾、铜和微量铁，提供大量元素镁、钾、钙和微量元素铁；豌豆花主要含有碳水化合物、蛋白质和膳食纤维，还含有硫胺素、核黄素、视黄醇及钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、铜、钾、磷、钠、硒等元素，含有香菇生产所必需的营养物质；黄腐酸钾可提高细胞的通透性，更利于香菇对养分的吸收，提高培养基养分的利用率，达到增产的目的。
综上所述，本发明优点有：(1)本发明制备的培养基大大减少了农药使用量，可有效杀虫和抑制杂菌，减少农药用量，对环境和食用菌无污染，保护了生态环境，又造福人类，是未来食用菌发展的大方向；(2)本产品养分全面，浓度高，香菇产量显著提高，品质更优。
【具体实施方式】
下面的实施例可以帮助本领域的技术人员更全面的理解本发明，但不可以以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1：
一种香菇培养基，主要由以下重量份的原料制成：瓜子壳30份、鸭肺4份、蝙蝠粪14份、中南鱼藤2份、驴蹄草3份、韩信草7份、短梗重楼8份、鸵鸟蛋壳5份、豌豆花5份和黄腐酸钾3份。具体制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)按要求拣取所述材料；
(2)将瓜子壳、鸭肺、蝙蝠粪、中南鱼藤、驴蹄草、韩信草、短梗重楼、鸵鸟蛋壳、豌豆花混合，边搅拌边喷水至含水率为60％～70％，得混合料；
(3)堆肥：①建堆：将步骤(2)所得的混合料按照高:宽:长＝1:1:2要求堆放，每隔0.6～0.8m插入木棒，建堆完毕后，将木棒拔去，在料堆中插木棒处形成通气孔，促进料堆的透气性；料堆用塑料薄膜覆盖，以便保温保湿，经过两天后，揭开堆顶塑料薄膜，增加料堆的通气性；②翻堆：每天测温一次，当堆温升至60℃时开始机械翻堆，每天翻两次，堆温升至70℃时每天翻堆三次，当堆肥产生白色絮状毛但无臭气味时，堆放发酵完成，得堆肥发酵物；
(4)将步骤(3)所得的堆肥发酵物和黄腐酸钾拌匀后装入规格为30×40×0.005cm聚乙烯薄膜料筒袋内，在常压状态下，将装袋物在110℃蒸汽中灭菌12～24h，而后冷却至25～30℃，即得香菇培养基。
实施例2：
一种香菇培养基，主要由以下重量份的原料制成：瓜子壳35份、鸭肺6份、蝙蝠粪16份、中南鱼藤3份、驴蹄草4份、韩信草6份、短梗重楼6份、鸵鸟蛋壳4份、豌豆花3份和黄腐酸钾2份。具体制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3：
一种香菇培养基，主要由以下重量份的原料制成：瓜子壳40份、鸭肺7份、蝙蝠粪18份、中南鱼藤3份、驴蹄草5份、韩信草4份、短梗重楼4份、鸵鸟蛋壳3份、豌豆花1份和黄腐酸钾1份。具体制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例1：
一种香菇培养基，主要由以下重量份的原料制成：瓜子壳35份、鸭肺6份、蝙蝠粪16份、鸵鸟蛋壳4份、豌豆花3份和黄腐酸钾2份，具体制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例2：
常规香菇培养基。
将实施例1-3、对比例1和对比例2所得的香菇培养基装袋、接种，每种装15袋，每袋重0.9kg。对所有参加对比试验的食用菌进行常规管理，并记录菌丝生长速度、出菇产量和杂菌污染情况，以测定本发明培养基在香菇栽培中的应用效果。供试霉菌菌种为总状毛霉、绿色木霉、黑曲霉、黑根霉、青霉，供试食用菌菌株为培养环境相同的优质香菇菌种。各种培养基在香菇栽培中的应用效果如表1所示。
表1各种培养基在香菇栽培中的应用效果表
| 名称 | 菌丝生长速率(mm/d) | 出菇产量(g/bag) | 染杂率(％) |
| 实施例1 | 5.33 | 177.35 | 3.11 |
| 实施例2 | 5.46 | 180.34 | 2.78 |
| 实施例3 | 5.35 | 176.50 | 3.23 |
| 对比例1 | 4.98 | 157.72 | 14.33 |
| 对比例2 | 4.67 | 153.68 | 14.25 |
由上表可以看出，实施例1-3菌丝生长速率、出菇产量均比对比例高，而且染杂率远远低于对比例；从实施例2和对比例1可以看出，中南鱼藤、驴蹄草、韩信草、短梗重楼有一定的杀虫抑菌之效。所以，使用本发明的培养基，可杀虫和抑制杂菌生长，香菇产量显著提高，品质更优。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种香菇培养基，其特征在于：所述香菇培养基主要以瓜子壳、鸭肺、蝙蝠粪、中南鱼藤、驴蹄草、韩信草、短梗重楼、鸵鸟蛋壳、豌豆花和黄腐酸钾为原料制成。
2.如权利要求1所述的香菇培养基，其特征在于：所述香菇培养基主要由如下重量份的原料制成：瓜子壳30-40份、鸭肺4-7份、蝙蝠粪14-18份、中南鱼藤2-3份、驴蹄草3-5份、韩信草4-7份、短梗重楼4-8份、鸵鸟蛋壳3-5份、豌豆花1-5份和黄腐酸钾1-3份。
3.如权利要求2所述的香菇培养基，其特征在于：所述香菇培养基主要由如下重量份的原料制成：瓜子壳35份、鸭肺6份、蝙蝠粪16份、中南鱼藤3份、驴蹄草4份、韩信草6份、短梗重楼6份、鸵鸟蛋壳4份、豌豆花3份和黄腐酸钾2份。
4.如权利要求1-3任一所述的香菇培养基，其特征在于：所述香菇培养基的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)按要求拣取所述材料；
(2)将瓜子壳、鸭肺、蝙蝠粪、中南鱼藤、驴蹄草、韩信草、短梗重楼、鸵鸟蛋壳、豌豆花混合，边搅拌边喷水至含水率为60％～70％，得混合料；
(3)堆肥：①建堆：将步骤(2)所得的混合料按照高:宽:长＝1:1:2要求堆放，每隔0.6～0.8m插入木棒，建堆完毕后，将木棒拔去，在料堆中插木棒处形成通气孔，促进料堆的透气性；料堆用塑料薄膜覆盖，以便保温保湿，经过两天后，揭开堆顶塑料薄膜，增加料堆的通气性；②翻堆：每天测温一次，当堆温升至60℃时开始机械翻堆，每天翻两次，堆温升至70℃时每天翻堆三次，当堆肥产生白色絮状毛但无臭气味时，堆放发酵完成，得堆肥发酵物；
(4)将步骤(3)所得的堆肥发酵物和黄腐酸钾拌匀后装入规格为30×40×0.005cm聚乙烯薄膜料筒袋内，在常压状态下，将装袋物在110℃蒸汽中灭菌12～24h，而后冷却至25～30℃，即得香菇培养基。
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| CN113796392A (zh) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-17 | 海南大学 | 一种中南鱼藤提取物杀菌剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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| CN104311247A (zh) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-28 | 颍上县鸿涛菌业专业合作社 | 一种含茶渣的香菇培养基及其制备方法 |
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| CN104311247A (zh) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-28 | 颍上县鸿涛菌业专业合作社 | 一种含茶渣的香菇培养基及其制备方法 |
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| CN113796392A (zh) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-17 | 海南大学 | 一种中南鱼藤提取物杀菌剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN113796392B (zh) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-03-29 | 海南大学 | 一种中南鱼藤提取物杀菌剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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