CN106346004B - A kind of hard alloy and preparation method thereof of high-wearing feature and high tenacity - Google Patents

A kind of hard alloy and preparation method thereof of high-wearing feature and high tenacity Download PDF

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CN106346004B
CN106346004B CN201610832060.9A CN201610832060A CN106346004B CN 106346004 B CN106346004 B CN 106346004B CN 201610832060 A CN201610832060 A CN 201610832060A CN 106346004 B CN106346004 B CN 106346004B
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hard alloy
particle
composite cermet
present
wear
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CN106346004A (en
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伍尚华
陈健
邓欣
刘金洋
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The present invention provides the hard alloy and preparation method thereof of a kind of high-wearing feature and high tenacity, the surface layer of hard alloy is composite cermet, and inside is WC Co hard alloy；Composite cermet includes wear-resisting phase, transitional face and toughened matrix.Hard alloy surface layer provided by the invention is composite cermet, and inside is WC Co hard alloy, the surface layer of this hard alloy have high rigidity and wearability simultaneously core with preferable toughness.Hard alloy provided by the invention is using composite cermet particle and WC Co hard alloy particles as raw material, it is prepared using the selective laser fusing direct impact systems of 3D, composite cermet particle in the present invention has both the advantage of wearability and toughness, fusing 3D direct impact systems in selective laser rapid melting and can solidify, hard alloy particle growing up in sintering process can be effectively controlled, to improve the intensity and wearability of hard alloy.

Description

A kind of hard alloy and preparation method thereof of high-wearing feature and high tenacity
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hard alloy and its preparation of technical field of alloy more particularly to a kind of high-wearing feature and high tenacity Method.
Background technology
Hard alloy is hard compounds and binding metal one kind made of powder metallurgical technique of refractory metal Alloy material.Hard alloy has a series of excellent performances such as hardness is high, wear-resisting, intensity and toughness are preferable, heat-resisting, corrosion-resistant, Especially its high rigidity and wearability is held essentially constant at a temperature of 500 DEG C, still has at 1000 DEG C very high Hardness.Hard alloy is widely used for manufacture cutting element, cutter, drilling tool and wear-resisting zero as a kind of special tool(s) material Component is widely used in military project, space flight and aviation, mechanical processing, metallurgy, oil drilling, mine tool, telecommunications, building etc. Field.
Application No. is 201510541956.7 Chinese patents to disclose a kind of cemented carbide material, the hard alloy material Material consists of the following components in percentage by weight：1~20% Binder Phase, 80~99% hard phases, the hard phase by WC and TiAlCN is formed, and the weight percent that the WC accounts for the cemented carbide material is 60~98.5%, and the TiAlCN accounts for described The weight percent of cemented carbide material is 0.5~20%.This hard alloy that the prior art provides can be such that hard phase has There are higher hardness and antioxygenic property, elevated temperature strength, hardness and the toughness of sintered-carbide tool obtained can be improved, TiAlCN hard phases can also refine WC hard phase crystal grain, improve the hardness, intensity and toughness of hard alloy；TiAlCN hard phases During hard alloy applied at elevated temperature, dense oxide protective film can be formed in tool surfaces, oxidation resistance temperature reaches To 800 DEG C or more, and sulfuration resistant and resist various dielectric corrosions, sintered-carbide tool can under high temperature and rugged environment work Make.But this hard alloy is difficult to take into account wearability, toughness and hardness simultaneously, limits its extensive use.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide the hard alloy and its preparation side of a kind of high-wearing feature and high tenacity Method, hard alloy provided by the invention have preferable toughness, hardness and wearability simultaneously.
The present invention provides a kind of hard alloy, the surface layer of hard alloy is composite cermet, and inside is WC-Co hard Alloy；
Composite cermet includes wear-resisting phase, transitional face and toughened matrix.
Preferably, wear-resisting phase is diamond, AlMgB14、W B4Or ReB2。
Preferably, transitional face Ti, TiC, W, WC, Mo or Mo2C。
Preferably, toughened matrix Co, Fe, Ni and its alloy.
Preferably, the volume ratio of wear-resisting phase, transitional face and toughened matrix is (30~90)：(10~40)：(10~50).
Preferably, the mass content of Co is 5~25% in WC-Co hard alloy, and wherein the grain size of WC is 20~1000nm.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of hard alloy in above-mentioned technical proposal, including：
Composite cermet particle is carried out selective laser fusing 3D directly to print, forms hard alloy surface layer；
WC-Co hard alloy particle is carried out selective laser fusing 3D on hard alloy surface layer directly to print, forms hard Alloy core；
Complex technique ceramic particle is carried out selective laser fusing 3D in hard alloy core surface directly to print, is obtained hard Matter alloy；
Composite cermet particle includes：
Wear-resisting phase；
It is coated on the transitional face of wear-resisting phase surface；
It is coated on the toughened matrix of transition phase surface.
Preferably, the grain size of composite cermet particle is 30~100 μm.
Preferably, the preparation method of hard alloy specifically includes following steps：
(1) current layer is thermally formed after composite cermet particle tiling；
(2) it is scanned according to preset current layer cross section profile using laser beam, composite cermet particle is made to be sintered, Form the first cross-sectional layers；
(3) the WC-Co hard alloy particle that tiles in the first cross-sectional layers repeats the above steps the operating process of (2), until Reach predetermined thickness, obtains the second cross-sectional layers；
(4) the composite cermet particle that tiles in the second cross-sectional layers repeats the above steps the operating process of (2), until reaching To predetermined thickness, hard alloy is obtained.
Preferably, the power of laser beam is 300~400W in step (2)；
Spot diameter is 30~200 μm；
The spacing of scanning is 0.05~0.07mm；
The speed of scanning is 800~1600mm/s.
Energy density can reach 106~107W/cm2。
Hard alloy surface layer provided by the invention is composite cermet, and inside is WC-Co hard alloy, and this hard closes The surface layer of gold have high rigidity and wearability simultaneously core with preferable toughness.Hard alloy provided by the invention is with compound gold It is raw material to belong to ceramic particle and WC-Co hard alloy particle, is prepared using the selective laser fusing direct impact systems of 3D, this hair Composite cermet particle in bright has both the advantage of wearability and toughness, and the direct impact systems of 3D are melted in selective laser can be fast Fast thawing simultaneously solidifies, and can effectively control hard alloy particle growing up in sintering process, to improve the strong of hard alloy Degree and wearability.The present invention specifically prepares raw material and preparation method by selection, is preparing the comprehensive of raw material and preparation method The hard alloy that cooperation makes under using has preferable toughness, hardness and wearability.Further, since the present invention uses laser The direct impact systems of selective melting 3D prepare hard alloy, can efficiently prepare the hard alloy of arbitrary special shape, can save A large amount of die manufacturing cost and machining cost.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of composite cermet particle provided by the invention and hart metal product.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention provides a kind of hard alloy, the surface layer of hard alloy is composite cermet, and inside is WC-Co hard Alloy；
Composite cermet includes wear-resisting phase, transitional face and toughened matrix.
In the present invention, wear-resisting phase preferably includes diamond, AlMgB14、W B4Or ReB2
In the present invention, transitional face is preferably Ti, TiC, W, WC, Mo or Mo2C.In the present invention, toughened matrix is preferably Co, Fe, Ni and its alloy.In the present invention, the volume ratio of wear-resisting phase, transitional face and toughened matrix is preferably (30~90)：(10 ~40)：(10~50), more preferably (40~80)：(15~35)：(15~40), most preferably 50:20:30.In the present invention The thickness on composite cermet surface layer is preferably 0.5~5mm, more preferably 1~4mm, most preferably 2~3mm.
In the present invention, the mass content of Co is preferably 5~25% in WC-Co hard alloy, and more preferably 10~20%, Most preferably 14~16%.In the present invention, the grain size of WC is preferably 20~1000nm in WC-Co hard alloy, more preferably 50~900nm, more preferably 100~800nm, more preferably 200~600nm, most preferably 300~500nm.In the present invention The thickness of internal WC-Co hard alloy is preferably 5~40mm, more preferably 10~30mm, more preferably 15~25mm, most preferably For 20mm.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of hard alloy in above-mentioned technical proposal, including：
Composite cermet particle is carried out selective laser fusing 3D directly to print, forms hard alloy surface layer；
WC-Co hard alloy particle is carried out selective laser fusing 3D on hard alloy surface layer directly to print, forms hard Alloy core；
Complex technique ceramic particle is carried out selective laser fusing 3D in hard alloy core surface directly to print, is obtained hard Matter alloy；
Composite cermet particle includes：
Wear-resisting phase；
It is coated on the transitional face of wear-resisting phase surface；
It is coated on the toughened matrix of transition phase surface.
In the present invention, the ingredient of wear-resisting phase, transitional face and toughened matrix and volume ratio with it is resistance in above-mentioned technical proposal Mill phase, transitional face and the ingredient of toughened matrix are consistent with volume ratio, and details are not described herein.In the present invention, the grain size of wear-resisting phase Preferably 5~50 μm, more preferably 20~30 μm, most preferably 30~40 μm.In the present invention, the thickness of transitional face is preferably 1~10 μm, more preferably 2~8 μm, most preferably 3~6 μm.In the present invention, the thickness of toughened matrix is preferably 1~20 μm, More preferably 5~15 μm, most preferably 8~12 μm.In the present invention, the grain size of composite cermet particle be preferably 30~ 100 μm, more preferably 40~60 μm.The present invention does not have the source of composite cermet particle special limitation, and mist can be used The method changed drying and granulating or roll granulation is prepared.
In the present invention, composite cermet preparation method of granules can be：
Wear-resisting phase, transitional face and paraffin are mixed, the first mixture is obtained；
Mixture is subjected to wet-milling, drying and granulating, sieving, dewaxing and sintering successively, obtains the wear-resisting phase of cladding transitional face；
The wear-resisting phase, toughened matrix and the paraffin that coat transitional face are mixed, the second mixture is obtained；
Second mixture is subjected to wet-milling, drying and granulating, sieving, dewaxing and sintering successively, obtains composite ceramic particle.
In the present invention, the preparation method for coating the wear-resisting phase of transitional face may be：
Transitional face is deposited in wear-resisting phase surface using chemical vapour deposition technique, obtains the wear-resisting phase of cladding transitional face.
In the present invention, the dosage of paraffin is preferably 1~3wt% of the first mixture or the second mixture, more preferably 1.5~2.5wt%, most preferably 2wt%.In the present invention, the ball milling speed of wet-milling is preferably 150~250r/min, more excellent It is selected as 180~220r/min, most preferably 200r/min.In the present invention, the time of wet-milling preferably 45~55 hours, more preferably It is 48~52 hours, most preferably 50 hours.In the present invention, dry temperature is preferably 50~70 DEG C, more preferably 55~ 65 DEG C, most preferably 60 DEG C.In the present invention, dewaxing carries out preferably in hydrogen.In the present invention, the temperature of dewaxing is preferably 450~550 DEG C, more preferably 480~520 DEG C, most preferably 500 DEG C.In the present invention, the time of dewaxing is preferably 1~3 small When, more preferably 1.5~2.5 hours, most preferably 2 hours.In the present invention, sintering preferably carries out in a vacuum.In this hair In bright, the temperature of sintering is preferably 1050~1280 DEG C, more preferably 1150~1250 DEG C, most preferably 1200 DEG C.
In the present invention, WC-Co hard alloy described in the ingredient of WC-Co hard alloy particle and above-mentioned technical proposal at Divide unanimously, details are not described herein.In the present invention, the grain size of WC is preferably 20~1000nm in WC-Co hard alloy particle, more Preferably 50~900nm, more preferably 100~800nm, more preferably 200~600nm, most preferably 300~500nm.At this The grain size of WC-Co hard alloy particle is preferably 30~70 μm in invention, more preferably 40~60 μm, most preferably 45~55 μ m.The present invention does not have the source of WC-Co hard alloy particle special limitation, using WC well known to those skilled in the art and The hard alloy particle of Co compositions can be bought by market and be obtained, can be also prepared, and such as pelletized or rolled using atomization drying The method of dynamic granulation is prepared.In the present invention, the preparation method of WC-Co hard alloy particle is preferably：
WC, Co and paraffin are mixed, mixture is obtained；
Mixture is subjected to wet-milling, drying and granulating, sieving, dewaxing and sintering successively, obtains WC-Co hard alloy particle.
In the present invention, the usage ratio of WC and Co is consistent with the ingredient of WC-Co hard alloy particle, no longer superfluous herein It states.In the present invention, the dosage of paraffin is preferably the 1~3% of WC and Co gross masses, more preferably 2%.In the present invention, wet Mill, drying and granulating, sieving, dewaxing and sintering method and above-mentioned technical proposal in wet-milling, drying and granulating, sieving, dewaxing and The method of sintering is consistent, and details are not described herein.
In the present invention, the preparation method of hard alloy specifically includes following steps：
(1) it is heated or not heated to form current layer after composite cermet particle tiling；
(2) it is scanned according to preset current layer cross section profile using laser beam, composite cermet particle is made to be sintered, Form the first cross-sectional layers；
(3) the WC-Co hard alloy particle that tiles in the first cross-sectional layers repeats the above steps the operating process of (2), until Reach predetermined thickness, obtains the second cross-sectional layers；
(4) the composite cermet particle that tiles in the second cross-sectional layers repeats the above steps the operating process of (2), until reaching To predetermined thickness, hard alloy is obtained.
In the present invention, the temperature heated in step (1) is preferably 500~1200 DEG C, more preferably 700~1000 DEG C, Most preferably 800~900 DEG C.In the present invention, the power of laser beam is preferably 300~400W in step (2), more preferably 320~380W, most preferably 340~360W.In the present invention, spot diameter is preferably 30~200 μm in step (2), more excellent It is selected as 50~150 μm, most preferably 80~120 μm.In the present invention, the spacing scanned in step (2) is preferably 0.05~ 0.07mm, more preferably 0.06mm.In the present invention, the speed of the scanning in step (2) is preferably 800~1600mm/s, more Preferably 1000~1400mm/s, most preferably 1200~1300mm/s.In the present invention, the energy density in step (2) is excellent Choosing can reach 106~107W/cm2, more preferably 107W/cm2。
The present invention be preferably provided with the tiling thickness of granular materials in step (1), (3) and (4) with control be prepared it is hard The performance of matter alloy.In the present invention, the tiling thickness of composite cermet particle is preferably 10~100 μm in step (1), more Preferably 20~90 μm, more preferably 30~80 μm, more preferably 40~70 μm, most preferably 50~60 μm.In the present invention, The tiling thickness of WC-Co hard alloy particle is preferably 10~100 μm in step (3), more preferably 20~90 μm, more preferably 30~80 μm, more preferably 40~70 μm, most preferably 50~60 μm.In the present invention, composite cermet in step (4) The tiling thickness of grain is preferably 10~100 μm, more preferably 20~90 μm, more preferably 30~80 μm, more preferably 40~70 μ M, most preferably 50~60 μm.
In the present invention, selective laser is melted the direct impact systems of 3D and is printed after preferred elder generation's dumping in print procedure, commonly 3D printing process be first to print back glue, the present invention using can be obtained hart metal product after the printing of direct impact system, No longer need to the process for carrying out dumping.In the present invention, right before granular materials being carried out the selective laser fusing direct impact systems of 3D Granular materials dumping processing method be preferably：
By granular materials at 400~450 DEG C, under hydrogen atmosphere, 1~2 hour is kept the temperature.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of composite cermet particle provided by the invention and hart metal product, compound gold It includes diamond, AlMgB to belong to ceramic particle14、W B6Or ReB2The wear-resisting phase of equal ingredients, be coated on Ti outside wear-resisting phase, TiC, W, WC, Mo or Mo2The transitional face of the ingredients such as C；The increasing of the ingredients such as Co, Fe, Ni and its alloy for being coated on outside transitional face Tough matrix phase.Hart metal product includes WC-Co hard alloy interior zone and passes through 3D printing by composite cermet particle The cermet surface layer of formation.
The whole geometry dimensional tolerance range of the hart metal product prepared after method provided by the invention molding ± In (0.05~2.5) mm.
Hard alloy provided by the invention can be used for preparing tool, such as prepare cutting tool and infrastructure (such as texture Tool), mineral exploration and exploitation, the fields such as oil drilling specific purpose tool.
The present invention uses precinct laser fusion method with the composite cermet particle and hard alloy particle of special component Hard alloy is prepared for raw material, the composite cermet particle in the present invention has both the advantage of wearability and toughness, precinct laser Fusion method rapid melting and can quickly solidify, and can effectively control hard alloy particle growing up in liquid sintering process, To improve the wearability and intensity of hard alloy；The present invention selects specific raw material and preparation method, prepare raw material and Under the collective effect of preparation method, so as to get hard alloy have preferable toughness, hardness and wearability.
In addition, in the prior art generally using technologies such as pressure sintering, hot isostatic pressing, discharge plasma sintering, microwave sinterings Hard alloy is prepared, the method that the prior art provides prepares the of high cost of hard alloy, and is difficult to prepare complex-shaped hard The tool of matter alloy material.It is arbitrary special that the present invention can be prepared efficiently using the selective laser fusing direct impact systems of 3D (SLM) The hard alloy of shape can save a large amount of die manufacturing cost and machining cost.The selective laser that the present invention uses is molten The change direct impact systems of 3D are a kind of direct 3D printing method, and traditional indirect 3D printing method needs very long low temperature degumming and high temperature Sintering process, obtained product size are shunk big, precision and are difficult to control；Direct 3D printing method provided by the invention will be printed and be burnt Knot settles at one go, has efficient and high-precision advantage.
The wearability of hard alloy provided by the invention is tested according to ASTM B611, the results showed that, it is provided by the invention The wearability of hard alloy is up to 7.5krev/mm3。
Test the Vickers hardness of hard alloy provided by the invention, the results showed that, the dimension of hard alloy provided by the invention Family name's hardness is up to 3100.
The fracture toughness of hard alloy provided by the invention is tested according to ASTM E399, the results showed that, it is provided by the invention The fracture toughness of hard alloy is up to 9.4MPam1/2。
Raw material used in following embodiment of the present invention is commercial goods.
Embodiment 1
1) WC-12Co spherical shape hard alloy particles are prepared by the following method：
Co, WC and paraffin are mixed, mixture is obtained；By the mixture successively ball milling speed be 200r/min under into Row wet-milling in 48 hours, dry, sieving, granulation at 60 DEG C；Obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to dewaxing in 2 hours, Then it is sintered under 1200 DEG C of vacuum conditions, obtains WC-12Co spherical shape hard alloy particles.It is prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 The grain size of obtained WC-Co spherical shape hard alloy particles is 50 μm, and ingredient is 88wt.%WC and 12wt.%Co, the wherein grain of WC Diameter is 200nm.
2) composite cermet particle is prepared：
It is 20 μm of diamond dust as wear-resisting phase to use granularity；
Diamond dust, TiC and paraffin are mixed, the first mixture is obtained；
First mixture is carried out in the case where ball milling speed is 200r/min successively wet-milling in 48 hours, at 60 DEG C it is dry, be sieved, Granulation；The dewaxing that obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to 2 hours, is then burnt under 800 DEG C of vacuum conditions Knot obtains the diamond of cladding TiC.
The diamond, Co and paraffin that coat TiC are mixed, the second mixture is obtained；
Second mixture is carried out in the case where ball milling speed is 200r/min successively wet-milling in 48 hours, at 60 DEG C it is dry, be sieved, Granulation；The dewaxing that obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to 2 hours, is then burnt under 1200 DEG C of vacuum conditions Knot, obtains composite ceramic particle.
The composite cermet particle that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared includes diamond, is coated on outside diamond TiC layer, the Co layers being coated on outside TiC layer；The thickness of TiC layer is 1.19 μm, and Co layers of thickness is 1.51 μm, composition metal pottery The grain size of porcelain particle is 25.2 μm, and the volume ratio of diamond, TiC and Co is 50:20:30.
3) (SLM) direct method 3D printing is melted in selective laser：
A 2 layers composite metal ceramic particles) are first printed, first print one layer, powder is repaved and prints one layer, 2 layers of overall thickness is 50.4μm.The base power of laser is 500W in print procedure, and sweep span 0.06mm, sweep speed is on the left sides 600mm/s The right side, spot diameter are 80 μm, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
B WC-12Co spherical shape hard alloy particles) are printed again, and up printing in layer, printing overall thickness is about 8000 μm.The base power of laser is 500W in print procedure, sweep span 0.06mm, sweep speed in 1200mm/s or so, Spot diameter is 100 μm, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
C 2 layers composite metal ceramic particles) are printed again, first print one layer, are repaved powder and are printed one layer, 2 layers of overall thickness is 50.4 μm, obtain hard alloy.The base power of laser is 500W, sweep span 0.06mm, scanning speed in print procedure Degree is 80 μm in 600mm/s or so, spot diameter, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
According to the method for above-mentioned technical proposal, the fracture toughness for the hard alloy that the test embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared, Abrasion resistance and hardness.Test result is as shown in table 1, and table 1 is the embodiment of the present invention and the hard alloy that comparative example is prepared Performance test results.
Embodiment 2
1) WC-20Co spherical shape hard alloy particles are prepared by the following method：
Co, WC and paraffin are mixed, mixture is obtained；By the mixture successively ball milling speed be 200r/min under into Row wet-milling in 48 hours, dry, sieving, granulation at 60 DEG C；Obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to dewaxing in 2 hours, Then it is sintered under 1200 DEG C of vacuum conditions, obtains WC-12Co spherical shape hard alloy particles.It is prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2 The grain size of obtained WC-20Co spherical shape hard alloy particles is 50 μm, and ingredient is 80wt.%WC and 20wt.%Co, wherein WC's Grain size is 200nm.
2) composite cermet particle is prepared：
It is 30 μm of diamond dust as wear-resisting phase to use granularity.
Diamond dust, TiC and paraffin are mixed, the first mixture is obtained；
First mixture is carried out in the case where ball milling speed is 200r/min successively wet-milling in 48 hours, at 60 DEG C it is dry, be sieved, Granulation；The dewaxing that obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to 2 hours, is then burnt under 800 DEG C of vacuum conditions Knot obtains the diamond of cladding TiC.
The diamond, Co and paraffin that coat TiC are mixed, the second mixture is obtained；
Second mixture is carried out in the case where ball milling speed is 200r/min successively wet-milling in 48 hours, at 60 DEG C it is dry, be sieved, Granulation；The dewaxing that obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to 2 hours, is then burnt under 1200 DEG C of vacuum conditions Knot, obtains composite cermet particle.
Composite cermet particle prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2 includes diamond, the TiC being coated on outside diamond The thickness of layer, the Co layers being coated on outside TiC layer, TiC layer is 1.8 μm, and Co layers of thickness is 2.1 μm, composite cermet The grain size of grain is 37.8 μm, and the volume ratio of diamond, TiC and Co is 50:20:30.
3) (SLM) direct method 3D printing is melted in selective laser：
A 2 layers composite metal ceramic particles) are first printed, first print one layer, powder is repaved and prints one layer, 2 layers of overall thickness is 75.6μm.The base power of laser is 500W in print procedure, and sweep span 0.06mm, sweep speed is on the left sides 600mm/s The right side, spot diameter are 80 μm, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
B WC-20Co spherical shape hard alloy particles) are printed again, and up printing in layer, printing overall thickness is about 8000 μm.The base power of laser is 500W in print procedure, sweep span 0.06mm, sweep speed in 1200mm/s or so, Spot diameter is 100 μm, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
C 2 layers composite metal ceramic particles) are printed again, first print one layer, are repaved powder and are printed one layer, 2 layers of overall thickness is 75.6 μm, obtain hard alloy.The base power of laser is 500W, sweep span 0.06mm, scanning speed in print procedure Degree is 80 μm in 600mm/s or so, spot diameter, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
According to the method described in above-mentioned technical proposal, the toughness for the hard alloy that the test embodiment of the present invention 2 is prepared, Abrasion resistance and hardness, test result are as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 3
1) WC-30Co spherical shape hard alloy particles are prepared by the following method：
Co, WC and paraffin are mixed, mixture is obtained；By the mixture successively ball milling speed be 200r/min under into Row wet-milling in 48 hours, dry, sieving, granulation at 60 DEG C；Obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to dewaxing in 2 hours, Then it is sintered under 1200 DEG C of vacuum conditions, obtains WC-30Co spherical shape hard alloy particles.It is prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3 The grain size of obtained WC-30Co spherical shape hard alloy particles is 40 μm, and ingredient is 70wt.%WC and 30wt.%Co, wherein WC's Grain size is 200nm.
2) composite cermet particle：
It is 20 μm of diamond dust as wear-resisting phase to use granularity；
Diamond dust, TiC and paraffin are mixed, the first mixture is obtained；
First mixture is carried out in the case where ball milling speed is 200r/min successively wet-milling in 48 hours, at 60 DEG C it is dry, be sieved, Granulation；The dewaxing that obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to 2 hours, is then burnt under 800 DEG C of vacuum conditions Knot obtains the diamond of cladding TiC.
The diamond, Co and paraffin that coat TiC are mixed, the second mixture is obtained；
Second mixture is carried out in the case where ball milling speed is 200r/min successively wet-milling in 48 hours, at 60 DEG C it is dry, be sieved, Granulation；The dewaxing that obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to 2 hours, is then burnt under 1200 DEG C of vacuum conditions Knot, obtains composite cermet particle.
The composite cermet particle that the embodiment of the present invention 3 is prepared includes diamond, is coated on outside diamond The thickness of TiC layer, the Co layers being coated on outside TiC layer, TiC layer is 2.37 μm, and Co layers of thickness is 2.83 μm, composition metal pottery The grain size of porcelain particle is 50.4 μm, and the volume ratio of diamond, TiC and Co is 50:20:30.
3) (SLM) direct method 3D printing is melted in selective laser：
A 2 layers composite metal ceramic particles) are first printed, first print one layer, powder is repaved and prints one layer, 2 layers of overall thickness is 100.8μm.The base power of laser is 500W in print procedure, and sweep span 0.06mm, sweep speed is on the left sides 600mm/s The right side, spot diameter are 80 μm, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
B WC-30Co spherical shape hard alloy particles) are printed again, and up printing in layer, printing overall thickness is about 8000 μm.The base power of laser is 500W in print procedure, sweep span 0.06mm, sweep speed in 1200mm/s or so, Spot diameter is 100 μm, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
C 2 layers composite metal ceramic particles) are printed again, first print one layer, are repaved powder and are printed one layer, 2 layers of overall thickness is 100.8 μm, obtain hard alloy.The base power of laser is 500W, sweep span 0.06mm, scanning speed in print procedure Degree is 80 μm in 600mm/s or so, spot diameter, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
According to the method described in above-mentioned technical proposal, the toughness for the hard alloy that the test embodiment of the present invention 3 is prepared, Abrasion resistance and hardness, test result are as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 4
1) WC-12Co spherical shape hard alloy particles are prepared by the following method：
Co, WC and paraffin are mixed, mixture is obtained；By the mixture successively ball milling speed be 200r/min under into Row wet-milling in 48 hours, dry, sieving, granulation at 60 DEG C；Obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to dewaxing in 2 hours, Then it is sintered under 1200 DEG C of vacuum conditions, obtains WC-12Co spherical shape hard alloy particles.It is prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 4 The grain size of obtained WC-12Co spherical powder particles is 50 μm, and ingredient is 88wt.%WC and 12wt.%Co, the wherein grain size of WC For 200nm.
2) composite cermet particle：
It is 20 μm of diamond dust as wear-resisting phase to use granularity.
Diamond dust, TiC and paraffin are mixed, the first mixture is obtained；
First mixture is carried out in the case where ball milling speed is 200r/min successively wet-milling in 48 hours, at 60 DEG C it is dry, be sieved, Granulation；The dewaxing that obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to 2 hours, is then burnt under 800 DEG C of vacuum conditions Knot obtains the diamond of cladding TiC.
The diamond, Co and paraffin that coat TiC are mixed, the second mixture is obtained；
Second mixture is carried out in the case where ball milling speed is 200r/min successively wet-milling in 48 hours, at 60 DEG C it is dry, be sieved, Granulation；The dewaxing that obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to 2 hours, is then burnt under 1200 DEG C of vacuum conditions Knot, obtains composite cermet particle.
The composite cermet particle that the embodiment of the present invention 4 is prepared includes diamond, is coated on outside diamond The thickness of TiC layer, the Co layers being coated on outside TiC layer, TiC layer is 2.96 μm, and Co layers of thickness is 3.54 μm, composition metal pottery The grain size of porcelain particle is 63 μm, and the volume ratio of diamond, TiC and Co is 50:20:30.
3) (SLM) direct method 3D printing is melted in selective laser：
A 2 layers composite metal ceramic particles) are first printed, first print one layer, powder is repaved and prints one layer, 2 layers of overall thickness is 126μm.The base power of laser is 500W in print procedure, and sweep span 0.06mm, sweep speed is in 600mm/s；Light Spot diameter is 120 μm, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
B WC-12Co spherical shape hard alloy particles) are printed again, and up printing in layer, overall thickness is about 8000 μm. The base power of laser is 500W in print procedure, and sweep span 0.06mm, sweep speed is in 1200mm/s；Spot diameter It it is 100 μm, energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
C 2 layers composite metal ceramic particles) are printed again, first print one layer, are repaved powder and are printed one layer, 2 layers of overall thickness is 126 μm, obtain hard alloy.The base power of laser is 500W, sweep span 0.06mm, sweep speed in print procedure In 600mm/s；Spot diameter is 120 μm, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
It is the toughness for the hard alloy that the detection embodiment of the present invention 4 is prepared, wear-resisting according to the method for above-mentioned technical proposal Property and hardness, testing result are as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 5
1) WC-12Co spherical shape hard alloy particles are prepared by the following method：
Co, WC and paraffin are mixed, mixture is obtained；By the mixture successively ball milling speed be 200r/min under into Row wet-milling in 48 hours, dry, sieving, granulation at 60 DEG C；Obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to dewaxing in 2 hours, Then it is sintered under 1200 DEG C of vacuum conditions, obtains WC-12Co spherical shape hard alloy particles.It is prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 5 The grain size of obtained WC-Co spherical shape hard alloy particles is 50 μm, and ingredient is 88wt.%WC and 12wt.%Co, the wherein grain of WC Diameter is 200nm.
2) composite cermet particle is prepared：
Use granularity for 30 μm of WB4Alloy powder is as wear-resisting phase；
By WB4Alloy powder, TiC and paraffin mixing, obtain the first mixture；
First mixture is carried out in the case where ball milling speed is 200r/min successively wet-milling in 48 hours, at 60 DEG C it is dry, be sieved, Granulation；The dewaxing that obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to 2 hours, is then burnt under 800 DEG C of vacuum conditions Knot obtains the WB of cladding TiC4。
The WB of TiC will be coated4, Co and paraffin mixing, obtain the second mixture；
Second mixture is carried out in the case where ball milling speed is 200r/min successively wet-milling in 48 hours, at 60 DEG C it is dry, be sieved, Granulation；The dewaxing that obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to 2 hours, is then burnt under 1200 DEG C of vacuum conditions Knot, obtains composite cermet particle.
Composite cermet particle prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 5 includes WB4, it is coated on WB4External TiC layer, is coated on The thickness of Co layers outside TiC layer, TiC layer is 1.8 μm, and Co layers of thickness is 2.1 μm, and the grain size of composite cermet particle is 37.8 μm, WB4, TiC and Co volume ratio be 50:20:30.
3) (SLM) direct method 3D printing is melted in selective laser：
A 2 layers composite metal ceramic particles) are first printed, first print one layer, powder is repaved and prints one layer, 2 layers of overall thickness is 75.6μm.The base power of laser is 500W in print procedure, and sweep span 0.06mm, sweep speed is in 600mm/s；Light Spot diameter is 80 μm, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
B WC-12Co spherical shape hard alloy particles) are printed again, and up printing in layer, printing overall thickness is about 8000 μm.The base power of laser is 500W in print procedure, and sweep span 0.06mm, sweep speed is in 1200mm/s；Hot spot A diameter of 100 μm, energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
C 2 layers composite metal ceramic particles) are printed again, first print one layer, are repaved powder and are printed one layer, 2 layers of overall thickness is 75.6 μm, obtain hard alloy.The base power of laser is 500W, sweep span 0.06mm, scanning speed in print procedure Degree is in 600mm/s；Spot diameter is 80 μm, and energy density can reach 107W/cm2。
According to the method for above-mentioned technical proposal, the toughness of hard alloy prepared by the test embodiment of the present invention 5, wearability and Hardness, test result are as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
1) WC-12Co spherical shape hard alloy particles are prepared by the following method：
Co, WC and paraffin are mixed, mixture is obtained；By the mixture successively ball milling speed be 200r/min under into Row wet-milling in 48 hours, dry, sieving, granulation at 60 DEG C；Obtained spherolite is carried out at 400 DEG C in hydrogen to dewaxing in 2 hours, Then it is sintered under 1200 DEG C of vacuum conditions, obtains WC-12Co spherical powder particles.Comparative example 1 of the present invention is prepared The grain sizes of WC-12Co spherical shape hard alloy particles be 50 μm, ingredient is 88wt.%WC and 12wt.%Co, the wherein grain size of WC For 200nm.
2) (SLM) direct method 3D printing is melted in selective laser：
After WC-12Co hard alloy particles prepared by step 1) are tiled in SLM (precinct laser fusion) type equipment It is thermally formed current layer in 1450 DEG C of temperature；
It is scanned according to preset current layer cross section profile using laser beam, hard alloy particle is made to be sintered, formed and cut Face layer；Up printing in layer, printing overall thickness is 8000 μm, obtains hard alloy.The base of laser in print procedure Plinth power is 500W, and sweep span 0.06mm, sweep speed is in 1200mm/s；Spot diameter is 100 μm, and energy density can reach To 107W/cm2。
According to the method described in above-mentioned technical proposal, the wear-resisting of the hard alloy that comparative example 1 of the present invention is prepared is tested Property, fracture toughness and hardness, the results are shown in Table 1.
The performance test results for the hard alloy that 1 embodiment of the present invention of table and comparative example are prepared
As seen from the above embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of hard alloy, the surface layer of hard alloy is made pottery for composition metal Porcelain, inside are WC-Co hard alloy；Composite cermet includes wear-resisting phase, transitional face and toughened matrix.It is provided by the invention hard Matter alloy surface is composite cermet, and inside is WC-Co hard alloy, the surface layer of this hard alloy have high rigidity with it is resistance to Core has preferable toughness to mill property simultaneously.Hard alloy provided by the invention is with composite cermet particle and WC-Co hard Alloying pellet is raw material, is prepared using the selective laser fusing direct impact systems of 3D, the composite cermet in the present invention Grain has both the advantage of wearability and toughness, and fusing 3D direct impact systems in selective laser rapid melting and can solidify, Neng Gouyou Effect control hard alloy particle growing up in sintering process, to improve the intensity and wearability of hard alloy.The present invention is also Provide a kind of preparation method of hard alloy.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of hard alloy, which is characterized in that the surface layer of hard alloy is composite cermet, and inside is that WC-Co hard closes Gold；
Composite cermet includes wear-resisting phase, transitional face and toughened matrix；
Wear-resisting phase in the composite cermet of surface layer is diamond, AlMgB14、W B4Or ReB2；
Transitional face in the composite cermet of surface layer is Ti, TiC, W, WC, Mo or Mo2C；
Toughened matrix in the composite cermet of surface layer is Co, Fe or Ni；
The preparation method of the hard alloy, including：
Composite cermet particle is carried out selective laser fusing 3D directly to print, forms hard alloy surface layer；
WC-Co hard alloy particle is carried out selective laser fusing 3D on hard alloy surface layer directly to print, forms hard alloy Core；
Composite cermet particle is carried out selective laser fusing 3D in hard alloy core surface directly to print, obtains hard conjunction Gold；
Composite cermet particle includes：
Wear-resisting phase；
It is coated on the transitional face of wear-resisting phase surface；
It is coated on the toughened matrix of transition phase surface.
2. hard alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wear-resisting phase, the volume ratio of transitional face and toughened matrix For（30~90）：（10~40）：（10~50）.
3. hard alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in WC-Co hard alloy the mass content of Co be 5 ~ 25%, the wherein grain size of WC is 20 ~ 1000nm.
4. hard alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the grain size of composite cermet particle is 30 ~ 100 μ m。
5. hard alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the hard alloy specifically include with Lower step：
（1）It is thermally formed current layer after composite cermet particle is tiled；
（2）It is scanned according to preset current layer cross section profile using laser beam, composite cermet particle is made to be sintered, formed First cross-sectional layers；
（3）The WC-Co hard alloy particle that tiles in the first cross-sectional layers repeats the above steps（2）Operating process, until reach Predetermined thickness obtains the second cross-sectional layers；
（4）The composite cermet particle that tiles in the second cross-sectional layers repeats the above steps（2）Operating process, until reach pre- Determine thickness, obtains hard alloy.
6. hard alloy according to claim 5, which is characterized in that step（2）The power of middle laser beam is 300 ~ 400W；
Spot diameter is 30 ~ 200 μm；
The spacing of scanning is 0.05 ~ 0.07mm；
The speed of scanning is 800 ~ 1600mm/s；
Energy density can reach 106~107W/cm2。
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