CN106290022A - One has undercut nature section bar testing method of endurance performance - Google Patents
One has undercut nature section bar testing method of endurance performance Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001250 2024 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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Abstract
一种具有下陷特征型材疲劳性能测试试验件设计和测试方法，其特征在于：分析实际应用型材的下陷特征和加工工艺参数，并采用加工实际型材上下陷相同的方法加工出具有双下陷的特征的型材，双下陷之间的距离需满足H≥4L；采用渗透检查或等效的无损检测方法确保下陷后型材无裂纹缺陷；分析型材在实际应用中和本体件的连接方法，采用相同的连接方法将垫片连接在反对称双下陷结构的两侧；最后分析具有下陷特征型材在实际使用的受力状态，并按照疲劳实验的标准，在鉴定有效期内的疲劳试验机进行疲劳实验。采用本方法分析下陷对型材疲劳性能影响无需设计加工特定设备和工装，具有成本低周期短，结果可靠且适用性广等特点。
A design and test method for the fatigue performance test of profiles with sagging characteristics, characterized in that: analysis of the sag characteristics and processing parameters of the practically applied profiles, and processing the same method of processing the actual profile sags up and down to produce a double sag feature For profiles, the distance between double sags must meet H≥4L; use penetrant inspection or equivalent non-destructive testing methods to ensure that the profiles have no crack defects after sags; analyze the connection method between the profiles and the main body in practical applications, and use the same connection method Connect the gasket on both sides of the anti-symmetric double-sag structure; finally analyze the stress state of the profile with sag characteristics in actual use, and perform fatigue tests on the fatigue testing machine within the validity period of the certification according to the fatigue test standards. Using this method to analyze the effect of subsidence on the fatigue performance of profiles does not require the design and processing of specific equipment and tooling, and has the characteristics of low cost, short cycle time, reliable results and wide applicability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种具有下陷型材的疲劳性能测试方法。属于材料性能测试领域。The invention relates to a method for testing the fatigue performance of a sunken profile. It belongs to the field of material performance testing.
背景技术Background technique
在大型飞机结构件中，大量的框类和长桁类零件都采用挤压型材加工和制造而成，这些框类和长桁类零件在飞机内部结构中往往纵横交错，经常发生交叉搭接现象，因此为了保证飞机整体外形轮廓流线，同时又不会影响到型材的结构强度以及增加结构重量，需要对直线型材进行下陷，由此可见下陷工艺是大型飞机的常见工艺之一。具有下陷特征型材的局部结构示意图见图1。In large aircraft structural parts, a large number of frame and long truss parts are processed and manufactured by extruded profiles. These frame and long truss parts are often crisscrossed in the internal structure of the aircraft, and cross lapping often occurs Therefore, in order to ensure the streamlined outline of the overall shape of the aircraft without affecting the structural strength of the profile and increasing the structural weight, it is necessary to sag the linear profile. It can be seen that the sag process is one of the common processes for large aircraft. The local structural schematic diagram of the profile with sagging characteristics is shown in Fig. 1.
目前，大型飞机的设计都是基于疲劳损伤容限进行设计，下陷结构作为民用飞机的常用结构之一，如何高效、真实和准确评估该工艺对型材疲劳性能的影响对于飞机的设计具有重要的意义。由于下陷后沿型材挤压方向不是直线且型材剖面的不规则性，因此如果采用单根具有下陷特征的型材进行疲劳试验时型材会产生附加弯矩且在疲劳试验机上不容易装夹，容易导致疲劳寿命偏离实际值。截至目前为止，还没有文献或专利公开合理且简单的评估下陷对型材疲劳性能影响的方法和标准，过去对于这种不规则结构都采用设计专门的工装和测试设备去完成相关结构的疲劳性能的评估，如公开号为CN 103575491 A专利公开了一种空心结构高周疲劳振动测试装置及方法，该专利就是针对特定的空心叶片结构设计了一种特定的工装和实验测试设备对叶片的高周疲劳性能进行测试方法。由于该方法需要设计特定的工装和设备，需要耗费大量的金钱和较长的周期，同时疲劳测试过程没有参考成熟的行标或国标，因此很难去评价结果的可靠性。At present, the design of large aircraft is based on the design of fatigue damage tolerance. The sunken structure is one of the common structures of civil aircraft. How to efficiently, truly and accurately evaluate the effect of this process on the fatigue performance of the profile is of great significance to the design of the aircraft. . Since the extrusion direction along the profile is not a straight line after the sag and the section of the profile is irregular, if a single profile with sag is used for the fatigue test, the profile will generate an additional bending moment and it is not easy to clamp on the fatigue testing machine, which is easy to cause The fatigue life deviates from the actual value. So far, there are no literature or patents that disclose reasonable and simple methods and standards for evaluating the impact of sag on the fatigue performance of profiles. In the past, specially designed tooling and testing equipment were used to complete the fatigue performance of related structures for such irregular structures. Evaluation, such as the publication number CN 103575491 A patent discloses a hollow structure high cycle fatigue vibration testing device and method, the patent is designed for a specific hollow blade structure with a specific tooling and experimental testing equipment for the high cycle of the blade Fatigue performance test method. Because this method needs to design specific tooling and equipment, it will cost a lot of money and a long period, and the fatigue test process does not refer to mature industry standards or national standards, so it is difficult to evaluate the reliability of the results.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是公布一种具有下陷特征型材的疲劳性能试验件设计方法以及测试方法，采用本方法设计的试验件可以在常规成熟的疲劳试验机上测试疲劳性能不需要设计特定的测试设备和工装，可以大大降低测试成本和周期。The purpose of the present invention is to disclose a design method and testing method of a fatigue performance test piece with a sagging characteristic profile. The test piece designed by this method can test the fatigue performance on a conventional and mature fatigue testing machine without designing specific testing equipment and tooling , can greatly reduce the test cost and cycle.
本发明采取的技术方案为：一种具有低成本测试具有下陷型材疲劳性能的方法。该技术方案包括疲劳测试设备、垫板，铆钉以及双下陷型材。The technical solution adopted by the invention is: a low-cost method for testing the fatigue performance of a sagging profile. The technical solution includes fatigue testing equipment, backing plates, rivets and double-sag profiles.
所述的垫板是一种材质和具有下陷型材相同或者相近的材料，垫板的厚度T是下陷深度D的二倍；The backing plate is a material that is the same as or similar to the sunken profile, and the thickness T of the backing plate is twice the sinking depth D;
所述的铆钉是一种在飞机上铆接型材相同牌号的铆钉，铆钉距离下陷的位置也要求和实际在飞机上结构相同；The rivet is a rivet of the same grade as the riveted profile on the aircraft, and the position of the rivet sinking from the distance is also required to be the same as the actual structure on the aircraft;
所述的双下陷的型材的下陷尺寸(包括下陷深度D和过渡区长度L)和该型材在飞机上型材上需要评估的下陷尺寸相同，且型材的材质需要完全等同于飞机实际使用的型材，双下陷之间的距离(H)应该满足H≥4L.The sag size (including the sag depth D and the length L of the transition zone) of the double-sag profile is the same as the sag size to be evaluated on the profile on the aircraft, and the material of the profile needs to be completely equivalent to the profile actually used by the aircraft, The distance (H) between the double depressions should satisfy H≥4L.
所述的双下陷型材试验件加工方法，验件上下陷加工工艺和实际使用中型材上的下陷加工工艺相同或相近，常见的型材上下陷的加工方法有热压下陷和机加两种；In the processing method of the double-sag profile test piece, the processing technology of the upper and lower sag of the test piece is the same or similar to the processing technology of the sag on the profile in actual use. The common processing methods for the upper and lower sag of the profile include hot pressing sag and machining;
所述的是双下陷型材试验件测试方法，通过分析具有下陷特征型材在实际使用条件下的受力状态获取，利用获取的参数按照疲劳实验的标准，在鉴定有效期内的疲劳试验机进行疲劳实验。Described is the test method of the double-sag profile test piece, which is obtained by analyzing the stressed state of the profile with sag characteristics under actual use conditions, and uses the acquired parameters to perform fatigue tests on the fatigue testing machine within the validity period of the certification according to the standards of the fatigue test .
本发明具有实质性优点：The present invention has substantial advantages:
(1).本发明提出了一种无需设计专用工装和测试设备的方法来评估下陷后型材的疲劳性能，具有成本低且周期短；(1). The present invention proposes a method to evaluate the fatigue performance of the subsided profile without designing special tooling and testing equipment, which has low cost and short cycle;
(2).本发明通过设计一种反对称结构的疲劳试验件，使得具有下陷结构额异型材可以采用成熟的疲劳试验机按照国标或者行标方法测试，结果具有稳定和可靠性；(2). The present invention designs a fatigue test piece with an anti-symmetric structure, so that the profiled bar with a sunken structure can be tested by a mature fatigue testing machine according to the national standard or the industry standard method, and the result is stable and reliable;
(3).本发明可以适用于评估“T”、“L”、“2”、“工”字等型材的下陷对型材疲劳性能影响，具有适用性广特点。(3). The present invention can be applied to evaluate the influence of the subsidence of "T", "L", "2", "I" and other profiles on the fatigue performance of profiles, and has the characteristics of wide applicability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为下陷结构示意图Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the sinking structure
图2为垫板结构示意图Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the backing plate structure
图3为双下陷结构示意图Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a double-sag structure
图4为反对称试验件示意图Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the antisymmetric test piece
附图中字母含义如下：The meanings of the letters in the attached drawings are as follows:
L表示过渡区长度；L represents the length of the transition zone;
D表示下陷深度；D represents the depth of subsidence;
T表示垫板厚度；T represents the backing plate thickness;
H表示下陷间距。H represents the sag pitch.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下通过具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案作详细描述The technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail below by specific examples
实施例Example
材料：具有双下陷“L”型2024铝合金型材(型材牌号XCJ423-1)2根，长度330mm，下陷深度D＝3mm，过渡区长度L＝18mm，下陷间距120mm；2024铝合金垫板2块，尺寸80mm×250mm×6mm；铆钉牌号：MS20470AD6-6，铆钉间距22mm。Material: 2 pieces of 2024 aluminum alloy profiles (profile grade XCJ423-1) with double sags, length 330mm, sag depth D=3mm, transition zone length L=18mm, sag spacing 120mm; 2 pcs of 2024 aluminum alloy backing plates , size 80mm×250mm×6mm; rivet grade: MS20470AD6-6, rivet spacing 22mm.
第一步：试验件加工参数获取，分析具有下陷特征XCJ423-1型材在实际应用的下陷深度和过渡区长度；同时查看铆接型材的铆钉牌号和铆钉间距，具体参数如上所示。Step 1: Obtain the processing parameters of the test piece, and analyze the sinking depth and transition zone length of the XCJ423-1 profile with sinking characteristics in practical applications; at the same time, check the rivet grade and rivet spacing of the riveted profile, and the specific parameters are shown above.
第二步：加工双下陷型材，按照实际使用型材的加工工艺加工双下陷试验件，两个下陷之间的距离为120mm，下陷温度为：，保温时间不超过5min：按照上述尺寸加工两个2024垫板；Step 2: Process double-sag profiles, process double-sag test pieces according to the actual processing technology of the profiles, the distance between the two sags is 120mm, the sag temperature is:, and the holding time does not exceed 5 minutes: process two 2024 according to the above dimensions Backing plate;
第三步：采用银光渗透无损检测方法下陷型材是否有裂纹等缺陷；Step 3: Use the silver light penetration non-destructive testing method to check whether there are cracks and other defects in the sunken profile;
第四步：用MS20470AD6-6将垫板和双下陷反对称结构铆接成为一个整体，按照铆钉间距为22mm；Step 4: Use MS20470AD6-6 to rivet the backing plate and the double-sag antisymmetric structure into a whole, according to the rivet spacing of 22mm;
第五步：分析具有下陷型材在实际使用中的受力约为85MPa以及应力变化频率8HZ，应力比为0.06。利用以上实验参数按照疲劳实验的标准，在鉴定有效期内的疲劳试验机进行疲劳实验，并重复实验3次，在该实验条件下具有下陷特征XCJ423-1型材的疲劳寿命分别为：326984次，282341次和304591次。Step 5: Analyze that the stress of the profile with sag in actual use is about 85MPa and the frequency of stress change is 8HZ, and the stress ratio is 0.06. Using the above experimental parameters according to the standard of fatigue test, carry out the fatigue test on the fatigue testing machine within the validity period of the identification, and repeat the test 3 times. Under the experimental conditions, the fatigue life of XCJ423-1 profiles with sinking characteristics is: 326984 times, 282341 times times and 304591 times.
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| CN109839319A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-06-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A method of using plain fatigue tension test detection of complex structural al alloy profile to lap weld fatigue behaviour |
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| CN109839319A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-06-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A method of using plain fatigue tension test detection of complex structural al alloy profile to lap weld fatigue behaviour |
| CN109839319B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2021-10-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A method of using conventional fatigue tensile test to detect the fatigue performance of complex structure aluminum alloy profiles to lap welds |
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