CN106288833B - 一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法和循环系统 - Google Patents
一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法和循环系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106288833B CN106288833B CN201610846678.0A CN201610846678A CN106288833B CN 106288833 B CN106288833 B CN 106288833B CN 201610846678 A CN201610846678 A CN 201610846678A CN 106288833 B CN106288833 B CN 106288833B
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- flue gas
- heat boiler
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003500 flue dust Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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[Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen oxide Substances 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- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
- F27D2017/006—Systems for reclaiming waste heat using a boiler
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
本发明提供了一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，包括以下步骤：(1)将闪速炉出炉的高温烟气经合流三通阀与冷烟气混合后，再经高温除尘器引入余热锅炉；(2)将经余热锅炉出来的烟气引入除尘组件；(3)将经除尘组件除尘后的烟气引入抽风机，再经抽风机导入流量控制设备进行分流；(4)将经流量控制设备分流的烟气一部分引入压缩机进行增压；(5)将增压后的烟气返回闪速炉烟气的出炉端通过合流三通阀与高温烟气混合；(6)将混合烟气引入高温除尘器进行除尘；(7)将经高温除尘器除尘的烟气引入余热锅炉降温除尘。本发明所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，可大幅降低闪速熔炼炉余热锅炉的故障率，降低检修频次。
Description
一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法和循环系统
技术领域
[0001]本发明属于闪速炉余热锅炉技术领域，尤其是涉及一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业 率的方法和循环系统。
背景技术
[0002]闪速炉余热锅炉是闪速熔炼工艺中的重要热力设备，在熔炼车间工艺流程中具有 不可替代的作用，它的主要作用是利用高温烟气生产蒸汽，并对闪速熔炼产生的烟气进行 降温和初步除尘。闪速炉余热锅炉通常直接与闪速炉的上升烟道相连接，闪速炉烟气经过 上升烟道出口进入余热锅炉，经余热锅炉温度降至400 °C以下，再进入除尘装置进行除尘。 [0003]闪速炉出口烟气温度高达1200_150(TC，并夹带大量熔融烟尘，烟尘率为6%〜 10%。在烟气进入余热锅炉后，由于含尘量大，烟气的快速流动会造成受热面的磨损，因而 需要定期检修，同时也会影响余热锅炉的使用寿命；同时，由于烟气温度高，烟尘含有的金 属和灰分处于熔融状态，会粘结在炉壁上，造成锅炉结块严重，不得不定期停炉清理，而余 热锅炉一旦停炉检修，整个闪速熔炼系统实际上也处于停顿状态，严重影响了生产的正常 进行。
发明内容
[0004]有鉴于此，本发明旨在提出一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，以解决目前 闪速炉余热锅炉检修频率高、检修作业量大的问题。
[0005]为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
[0006] —种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，包括以下步骤：
[0007] (1)将闪速炉出炉的高温烟气经合流三通阀与冷烟气混合后，再经高温除尘器引 入余热锅炉吸收其显热并初步除尘，使烟气温度降至40(TC以下；
[0008] ⑵将经余热锅炉吸收显热的烟气引入除尘组件，去除烟气中大部分较细粉尘；
[0009] (3)将经除尘组件除尘后的烟气引入抽风机，再经抽风机导入流量控制设备进行 分流；
[0010] (4)将经流量控制设备分流的烟气一部分引入压缩机进行增压，另一部分导入后 续烟气处理工序；
[@11] (5)将增压后的烟气返回闪速炉烟气的出炉端通过合流三通阀与1200-15〇(TC的 高温烟气混合，使混合烟气温度降至1〇〇〇-C以下；
[0012] ⑹将混合烟气引入高温除尘器进行除尘；
[0013] ⑺将经高温除尘器除尘的烟气引入余热锅炉降温除尘；
[0014] ⑻重复步骤⑵-⑺。
[0015]优选的，所述步骤⑵中的除尘组件为多级除尘装备或单个除尘设备。
[0016]优选的，所述步骤(2)中的除尘组件为沉尘室、静电除尘器、布袋除尘器、旋风除尘 器中一个或多个。
[0017] 优选的，所述步骤⑵中除尘组件为若干沉尘室和静电除尘器。
[0018] 优选的，所述步骤⑸中使混合烟气温度降至800_95(TC之间。
[0019] 优选的，所述步骤(6)中的高温除尘器为旋风分离器或热旋风除尘器;优选的，所 述步骤⑹中的高温除尘器为热旋风除尘器。
[0020] 优选的，所述步骤⑹可省略，所述步骤⑺变步骤(6)，直接将所述步骤⑸中的混 合烟气引入余热锅炉，重复步骤(2)-⑹。
[0021] 相对于现有技术，本发明所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法具有以下 优势：
[0022]本发明所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，采用将除尘后的冷烟气循 环返回与闪速炉排放的高温烟气混合的方法，一方面可以降低混合烟气的含尘率，另一方 面使混合烟气的温度降至l〇〇(TC以下，达到高温除尘器的使用温度范围，经高温除尘后进 一步降低了烟气进入余热锅炉的含尘率;此外，混合后1000°C以下的烟气温度也使其中大 部分烟尘凝固，避免了熔融烟尘在余热锅炉炉壁上的粘结。综上，通过本发明所述的一种提 高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，降低了进入余热锅炉烟气的温度和含尘率，避免熔融的 烟尘粘结在余热锅炉炉壁上，从而降低余热锅炉的检修和停炉频率，提高整个闪速炉熔炼 系统的作业率。
[0023]本发明所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，省却步骤(6)，让闪速炉排 放的高温烟气与经降温除尘后返回的冷烟气混合后直接进入余热锅炉，也在一个程度上对 余热锅炉起到了保护作用，因为经降温除尘后返回的烟气温度较低且含尘率极低，与高温 烟气混合后烟气的平均含尘率大为下降，同时温度也降至100(TC以下，低于烟尘中的绝大 部分灰分和金属的熔点，避免熔融的烟尘粘结在余热锅炉炉壁上;虽然减少了高温除尘的 工序，但也会对保障余热锅炉的长期稳定工作起到较好的效果，同时还降低了系统的设备 投资。
[0024]本发明所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，烟气进入流量控制设备 后，一部分进入压缩机增压后进入合流三通阀与闪速炉原有高温烟气混合，可使混合后的 烟气温度降至1000°C以下，优选为800-95(TC之间，这一过程中，混合烟气的温度可以通过 控制冷烟气的返回量进行调整。混合烟气温度过低会增加返回冷烟气的输送量，增加了压 缩机的能耗，温度过高则会使烟气中的烟尘熔融的概率增加，同时可能会超出或接近高温 除尘设备工作的耐温范围，增加了设备的故障率。
[0025]除尘后的冷烟气除返回闪速炉烟气出炉端外，另一部分导入后续烟气处理工序： f燃煤中含硫，导致烟气中硫含量超过排放标准，则可引入后续脱硫工序;若原料中含硫 高，也可回收其中的硫，将烟气引入制酸系统;若烟气中不含硫氧化物、氮氧化物等污染物， 满足环保达标排放条件，则可直接排放。
[0026]本^明的另一目的在于提出一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的循环系统，以实现 可将上述提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法实际应用的目的。
[0027]为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
[0028] I种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的循环系统，包括通过尾气管道依次连通的闪速 炉^流三通阀、高温除尘器、余热锅炉、除尘组件、抽风机、流量控制设备和压缩机;所述合 流三通阀设有入口 I、入口 n和出口 m，所述入口 I与所述闪速炉烟气出口通过管道相连通， 所述入口 n与所述压缩机烟气出口通过管道相连通;所述出口 m与所述高温除尘器烟气入 口通过管道相连通;所述流量控制设备设有一个进气口和多个出气口，所述进气口与所述 抽风机烟气出口通过管道相连通，其中一个出气口与所述压缩机的烟气入口相连通。
[0029]进一步的，所述合流三通阀的出口 m通过管道与所述余热锅炉入口连接。也即省 去高温除尘器，混合烟气直接进入余热锅炉降温除尘。
[0030] 进一步的，所述流量控制设备设有一个进气口和两个出气口。
[0031] 所述提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的循环系统与上述提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率 的方法相对于现有技术所具有的优势相同，在此不再赘述。
附图说明
[0032] 构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实 施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
[0033]图1为本发明实施例3所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的循环系统简单示 意图；
[0034]图2为本发明实施例4所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的循环系统简单示 意图。
[0035] 附图标记说明：
[0036] 1-闪速炉;2-高温除尘器;3-余热锅炉;4-除尘组件;5-抽风机;6-流量控制设备； 7-压缩机;8-合流三通阀。
具体实施方式
[0037]需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相 互组合。
[0038]在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相 连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接;可 以是机械连接，也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是 两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以通过具体情况理解上述术语 在本发明中的具体含义。
[0039] 下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
[0040] 一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法：
[0041] 实施例1
[0042] 将铜闪速熔炼炉出炉温度为1330°C烟气(含尘量为171.5g/Nm3)经合流三通阀8与 冷烟气（温度320°C，含尘量为0• 3g/Nm3)混合后，烟气温度降为920°C，含尘量为122.06g/ Nm3,经高温除尘器2后，烟气的含尘量降为23.l9g/Nm3,烟气再引入余热锅炉3吸收其显热， 使温度降至360°C，再依次引入3个沉尘室和静电除尘器，静电除尘器出口烟气含尘量降为 0.3g/Nm3;将去除绝大部分粉尘的烟气引入抽风机5，经抽风机5导入流量控制设备6进行分 流;接着将经流量控制设备6分流的40 • 6% (体积分数)烟气引入压缩机7增压后返回闪速炉 1烟气的出炉端，通过合流三通阀8与闪速高温烟气混合，实现低含尘量的冷烟气的循环利 用。
[0043]按本实施例运行二年，闪速余热锅炉检修次数为1次，相比常规闪速余热锅炉一年 检修次数2次，检修率大为降低。
[0044] 实施例2
[0045]将红土镍矿闪速熔炼炉出炉温度为1440°C烟气（含尘量为192.6g/Nm3)经合流三 通阀8与冷烟气（温度150°C，含尘量为0_35g/Nm3)混合后，烟气温度降为90(rC，含尘量为 110 • 2g/Nm3，经高温除尘器2后，烟气的含尘量降为19 • 84g/Nm3，烟气再引入余热锅炉3吸收 其显热，使温度降至l8〇°C，再依次引入2个沉尘室和静电除尘器，静电除尘器出口烟气含尘 量降为0 • 35g/Nm3;将去除绝大部分粉尘的烟气引入抽风机5，经抽风机5导入流量控制设备 6进行分流;接着将经流量控制设备6分流的75% (体积分数)烟气引入压缩机7增压至后返 回闪速炉1烟气的出炉端，通过合流三通阀8与闪速炉高温烟气混合，实现低含尘量的冷烟 气的循环利用。
[0046]按本实施例运行一年，铜闪速熔炼炉余热锅炉检修次数为1次，相比常规铜闪速熔 炼炉余热锅炉一年检修次数2次，检修率大为降低。
[0047] 一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的循环系统：
[0048] 实施例3
[0049]如图1所示，一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的循环系统，包括通过尾气管道依次 连通的闪速炉1、合流三通阀8、高温除尘器2、余热锅炉3、除尘组件4、抽风机5、流量控制设 备6和压缩机7;所述合流三通阀8设有入口 I、入口 n和出口 m，所述入口 I与所述闪速炉1烟 气出口通过管道相连通，所述入口 n与所述压缩机7烟气出口通过管道相连通;所述出口 m 与所述高温除尘器2烟气入口通过管道相连通;所述流量控制设备6设有一个进气口和两个 出气口，所述进气口与所述抽风机5烟气出口通过管道相连通，其中一个出气口与所述压缩 机7的烟气入口相连通。
[0050] 本实施例的工作过程为：
[0051] 工作时，从所述闪速炉1出来的高温烟气经所述合流三通阀8与冷烟气混合后，再 经所述高温除尘器2引入所述余热锅炉3吸收其中的显热，使烟气温度大幅降低;接着烟气 进入所述除尘组件4进一步去除粉尘，再经所述抽风机5引入所述流量控制设备6进行分流， 分流后的一部分烟气进入所述压缩机7增压，另一部分烟气导入后续烟气处理工序;增压之 后将烟气经管道返回所述闪速炉1烟气的出炉端经所述合流三通阀8与闪速高温烟气混合， 再进入所述高温除尘器2除去大颗粒烟尘，接着混合烟气进入余热锅炉3进行初步除尘降 温，依次重复上述工序。
[0052] 实施例4
[0053] 如图2所示，一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的循环系统，包括通过尾气管道依次 连通的闪速炉1、合流三通阀8、余热锅炉3、除尘组件4、抽风机5、流量控制设备6和压缩机7; 所述合流三通阀8设有入口 I、入口 n和出口 m，所述入口 I与所述闪速炉1烟气出口相连通， 所述入口 n与所述压缩机7出口通过管道相连通;所述出口 m与所述余热锅炉3入口通过管 道相连通;所述流量控制设备6设有一个进气口和两个出气口，所述进气口与所述抽风机5 烟气出口通过管道相连通，其中一个出气口与所述压缩机7的进气口通过管道相连通。
[0054]本实施例的工作过程为：
[0055]工作时，从所述闪速炉1出来的高温烟气经所述合流三通阀8与冷烟气混合后，由 官道引入所述余热锅炉3吸收其中的显热，使烟气温度大幅降低;接着烟气进入所述除尘组 件4进一步去除粉尘，再经所述抽风机5引入所述流量控制设备6进行分流，分流后的一部分 烟气进入所述压缩机7增压，另一部分烟气导入后续烟气处理工序;增压之后将烟气经管道 返回所述闪速炉1烟气的出炉端经所述合流三通阀8与闪速高温烟气混合，再进入所述余热 锅炉3,依次重复上述工序。
[0056]以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精 神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，其特征在于:包括以下步骤： (1)将闪速炉（1)出炉的高温烟气经合流三通阀（8)与冷烟气混合后，再经高温除尘器 ⑵引入余热锅炉⑶吸收其显热并初步除尘，使烟气温度降至400°C以下； ⑵将经余热锅炉⑶吸收显热的烟气引入除尘组件⑷，去除烟气中大部分较细粉尘； (3)将经除尘组件⑷除尘后的烟气引入抽风机(5)，再经抽风机⑸导入流量控制设备 ⑹进行分流； ⑷将经流量控制设备(6)分流的烟气一部分引入压缩机⑺进行增压，另一部分导入 后续烟气处理工序； (5)将增压后的烟气返回闪速炉（1)烟气的出炉端通过合流三通阀（8)与1200-150(TC 的高温烟气混合，使混合烟气温度降至900°C-1000°C ; ⑹将混合烟气引入高温除尘器⑵进行除尘； ⑺将经高温除尘器⑵除尘的烟气引入余热锅炉⑶降温除尘； ⑻重复步骤(2)_⑺。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，其特征在于:所述步 骤⑵中的除尘组件⑷为多级除尘装备或单个除尘设备。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，其特征在于:所 述步骤(2)中的除尘组件(4)为沉尘室、静电除尘器、布袋除尘器、旋风除尘器中一个或多 个。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，其特征在于:所述步 骤⑵中除尘组件⑷为若干沉尘室和静电除尘器。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，其特征在于:所述步 骤(6)中的高温除尘器(2)为旋风分离器或热旋风除尘器;优选的，所述步骤⑹中的高温除 尘器(2)为热旋风除尘器。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的方法，其特征在于:所述步 骤(6)可省略，所述步骤(7)变步骤(6)，直接将所述步骤(5)中的混合烟气引入余热锅炉 (3)，重复步骤⑵-⑹。
7. —种用于权利要求1-6任一所述方法的提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的循环系统，其 特征在于:包括通过尾气管道依次连通的闪速炉（1)、合流三通阀⑻、高温除尘器(2)、余热 锅炉(3)、除尘组件(4)、抽风机(5)、流量控制设备⑹和压缩机(7);所述合流三通阀⑻设 有入口 I、入口 n和出口 m，所述入口 I与所述闪速炉（1)烟气出口通过管道相连通，所述入 口 n与所述压缩机(7)烟气出口通过管道相连通;所述出口 m与所述高温除尘器⑵烟气入 口通过管道相连通;所述流量控制设备⑹设有一个进气口和多个出气口，所述进气口与所 述抽风机⑸烟气出口通过管道相连通，其中一个出气口与所述压缩机(7)的烟气入口相连 通。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的循环系统，其特征在于:所 述合流三通阀⑻的出口 m通过管道与所述余热锅炉入口连接。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种提高闪速炉余热锅炉作业率的循环系统，其特征在于:所 述流量控制设备(6)设有一个进气口和两个出气口。
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