CN106284830A - 一种泡沫铝‑石蜡相变储热材料制作的轻型调温集装箱屋 - Google Patents
一种泡沫铝‑石蜡相变储热材料制作的轻型调温集装箱屋 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106284830A CN106284830A CN201610732754.5A CN201610732754A CN106284830A CN 106284830 A CN106284830 A CN 106284830A CN 201610732754 A CN201610732754 A CN 201610732754A CN 106284830 A CN106284830 A CN 106284830A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- paraffin
- sided board
- single sided
- phase
- phase change
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 47
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- NDJKXXJCMXVBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NDJKXXJCMXVBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940038384 octadecane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
- E04H1/1205—Small buildings erected in the open air
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
- E04H2001/1283—Small buildings of the ISO containers type
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及轻型集装箱屋技术领域，具体涉及一种泡沫铝‑石蜡相变储热材料制作的轻型调温集装箱屋。所要解决的技术问题是，利用太阳运行产生的昼夜温差这项自然资源，采用泡沫铝/石蜡相变储能材料，制作适宜人体热舒适度（屋内温度20～26℃）要求的轻型调温集装箱屋。其特征在于：将集装箱屋顶部、底部面板与侧部面板所需的市售泡沫铝合金单面板制作为泡沫铝/石蜡低熔点相变储热单面板，再按集装箱屋面积与形状，用不同数量的相变储热的顶、底部与侧部单面板组合匹配为符合人体热舒适度要求、冬暖夏凉的轻型调温集装箱屋。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及轻型集装箱屋技术领域，具体涉及一种泡沫铝-石蜡相变储热材料制作的轻型调温集装箱屋。
背景技术
使用相变进行储热，具有温度恒定，储热密度大、储热容器小、热效率高等优点。它在太阳能利用、工业余热、废热回收、建筑节能等应用领域具有广阔的前景，尤其是在建筑供暖、空调领域的应用已成为目前国内外研究热点。
石蜡作为储能材料因其较高相变焓、较稳定的化学性质、无毒无害对人体友好，并具有相变稳定、相变温度可调等优点，使它在建筑节能领域具有广阔的应用前景。根据相变温度，不同种类或不同组成的石蜡可应用于相变墙体、储能地板、天棚或太阳能储热中。目前石蜡应用的困境在于应用的石蜡大多是廉价的高熔点石蜡，而适宜建筑环境舒适度要求（25℃±）的低熔点石蜡价格昂贵。因此降低市面流通的石蜡熔点，是一个研发重点。目前国外企业针对低熔点石蜡的需求，已开发多种市售低熔点石蜡产品，如表1所示：
表1国外企业市售的适宜建筑采暖使用的低熔点石蜡制品
| 产品 | 熔点/℃ | 潜热/Jg-1 | 相变材料成分 | 生产商 |
| TR20 | 20 | 172 | 石蜡 | RUBITHERM GmbH |
| TR25 | 25 | 232 | 石蜡 | RUBITHERM GmbH |
| TR26 | 26 | 131 | 石蜡 | RUBITHERM GmbH |
| TR27 | 27 | 179 | 石蜡 | RUBITHERM GmbH |
| TR30 | 30 | 206 | 石蜡 | RUBITHERM GmbH |
| TR32 | 32 | 130 | 石蜡 | RUBITHERM GmbH |
专利号为201310355183.4的“一种低温相变石蜡的制备方法”中，为降低成本，制备出以46＃石蜡为基的系列低熔点石蜡产品，如表2所示：
表2 专利“一种低温相变石蜡的制备方法”中开发的低熔点石蜡制品
| 实施例 | 配方 | 相变温度 | 配方比（重量份） |
| 1 | 46#石蜡、十二醇、硬脂酸丁酯 | 27±3℃ | 4:2:4 |
| 2 | 46#石蜡、十四醇、硬脂酸丁酯 | 28±3℃ | 4:2:4 |
| 3 | 46#石蜡、十二醇、液体石蜡 | 25±2℃ | 6:2:4 |
| 4 | 46#石蜡、十四醇、液体石蜡 | 27±2℃ | 6:2:4 |
| 5 | 46#石蜡、二十烷、液体石蜡 | 32±2℃ | 4:2:4 |
| 6 | 46#石蜡、正十八烷、液体石蜡 | 29±2℃ | 4:4:4 |
| 7 | 46#石蜡、正十八烷、硬脂酸丁酯 | 30±2℃ | 4:2:3 |
| 8 | 46#石蜡、二十烷、硬脂酸丁酯 | 34±2℃ | 4:2:3 |
张金辉在“石蜡及其复合相变材料的热物性研究”硕士论文中采用向高熔点石蜡加入低熔点石蜡制成混合石蜡，并对混合石蜡的热物性进行实验研究，通过对低熔点石蜡（十六烷、十八烷）和高熔点石蜡（54＃石蜡、62＃石蜡）以不同比例混合，得到熔点范围较宽的石蜡混合物，以适应不同的应用需求。通过试验，得到相变温度在16.27℃～61.38℃之间，相变潜热在201J/g～259J/g之间的相变材料。朱虹等在“石蜡基复合相变储能材料的研究进展”期刊论文中提及以十七烷、十八烷、二十烷、48＃石蜡作为实验材料进行混合可以制成相变温度变化范围在17℃～49℃之间、相变潜热在190kJ/kg～245kJ/kg之间的相变材料。
采用了石蜡相变储热墙体的房间，由于石蜡具有固液相变转换的储热特性，围护结构中的传热量大大降低。在夏天，当白天室内温度高于相变温度时，墙体中石蜡融化吸收储存在室内多余热量；当夜间温度下降到相变温度以下时，又将白天储存在石蜡中的热量释放出来，增大围护结构的热惰性，减缓室内温度的波动性，提高了室内环境的热舒适性，它充分利用了自然资源（太阳能和夜间冷风），实现真正意义的建筑节能。
石蜡是一种功能性材料，由于熔点低，稍高温度即转换为液态，作为储热材料应用于建材领域，必须包裹/渗透到建筑基体材料中才能应用。建筑基体材料一般可分为三类，一是以石膏板为基材的相变储热石膏板，主要用作外墙的内壁材料；二是以混凝土材料为基材的相变储热混凝土，主要用作外墙体材料；三是以保温隔热材料为基材，制备高效节能建筑保温隔热材料。本专利选用的泡沫铝/石蜡相变储热材料即属于高效节能建筑保温隔热材料。理由有：一是泡沫铝/石蜡相变材料可以作为独立的墙体或地板材料使用，将结构与功能集成为一体，制成满足人体舒适度要求的房屋，无需复合其他单一的结构材料/功能材料，二是密度低，比水轻，是制作轻型调温集装箱屋的理想选择，特别适宜于沙漠、高原地区旅游、考察的人群使用；三是对人体友好，石蜡是氢与碳的化合物，泡沫铝只有金属铝与氧化铝，对人体无毒无害无腐蚀，高温燃烧下，石蜡中氢、碳与空气中氧作用，生成水和二氧化碳，泡沫铝软化或熔化，不会产生新的物质，石蜡液体一旦析出，不会爆炸，十分安全与环保；四是优势互补，泡沫铝与石蜡复合，即可增强石蜡的储热与导热功能，又因泡沫铝的微孔结构所产生的惯性阻力与粘性阻力，阻止石蜡熔化时向外泄漏，实现由固-液相变向固-固相变材料的转化；五是吸热快，放热慢，利用石蜡相变体积膨胀收缩与泡沫铝孔隙隔热保温相互制衡的功能，能够实现调温吸热快与放热慢的理想效果，热源加热固态石蜡，体积膨胀，增加与泡沫铝骨架的接触面，提高石蜡的导热系数，弥补石蜡导热系数低的缺陷，据有关试验，孔隙率为90%的泡沫铝/石蜡储热材料的等效导热系数可达到7.4W/m2•k，是石蜡等效导热系数0.24W/m2•k的30倍；但在放热时，石蜡由液态转化为固态，体积缩小，在泡沫铝孔隙中形成无数的微孔，起到隔热保温作用，延缓放热时间。
本专利是在发明人开发的“一种泡沫铝制作的轻型集装箱屋”(专利号201610459503.4)基础上，延伸开发的一种泡沫铝/石蜡相变储能材料制作的轻型调温集装箱屋。
发明内容
本专利所要解决的技术问题是，利用太阳运行产生昼夜温差的自然资源，采用泡沫铝/石蜡相变储热材料，制作适宜人体热舒适度（屋内温度20～26℃）要求的轻型调温集装箱屋。
为解决上述技术问题，采取的技术方案是：一种泡沫铝-石蜡相变储热材料制作的轻型调温集装箱屋，其特征在于：将集装箱屋顶部、底部面板与侧部面板所需的市售泡沫铝合金单面板制作为泡沫铝/石蜡低熔点相变储热单面板，再按集装箱屋面积与形状，用不同数量的顶、底部与侧部相变储热单面板与泡沫铝合金单面板，按设计步骤组合匹配为符合人体热舒适度要求、冬暖夏凉的轻型调温集装箱屋。
其中所述泡沫铝-石蜡低熔点相变储热单面板制作方法是：侧部选用/定制2500mm*800mm*15mm、孔隙率90%±、密度0.25g/cm3±，重7.5㎏的开孔泡沫铝合金单面板作为制作相变储侧部面板的基板，将其加热到石蜡熔点以上，再浸泡在低熔点石蜡占60wt%±的混合液体石蜡中，经渗透充填、冷却固化、整形，制成相变温度30℃±、相变潜热200J/g±、相变储热单板重22.6～25.9kg、其中石蜡相变材料重15.0～18.4kg(因相变收缩率不同所致)、板面密度11.3～12.9kg/㎡、体积密度754～862kg/m3、储热量3024～3672kJ（相当于0.84～1.02度的空调供电量）的泡沫铝合金/石蜡相变储热侧部单面板；顶、底部选用/定制2400mm*800mm*15mm、孔隙率90%±、密度0.25g/cm3±，重7.2㎏的开孔泡沫铝合金单面板作为制作相变储热顶、底部面板的基板，将其加热到石蜡熔点以上，再浸泡在低熔点石蜡占60wt%±的混合液体石蜡中，经渗透、冷却固化、整形，制成相变温度30℃±、相变潜热200J/g±、相变储热单面板重21.7～24.8kg，其中石蜡相变材料重14.5～17.6kg、板面密度11.3～12.9kg/㎡、体积密度754～862kg/m3、储热量2903～3525kJ（相当于0.81～0.98度的空调供电量）的泡沫铝合金/石蜡相变储热顶、底部单面板；以此作为制作轻型调温集装箱侧部、顶部、底部面板的依据，其设计参数详见表3所示的测算值：
表3泡沫铝/石蜡低熔点相变储热单面板制作测算数据表(相变潜热设定为200kJ/kg±)
其中所述用不同数量的相变储热的顶、底部与侧部单面板，按设计步骤组合匹配为符合人体热舒适度要求的轻型调温集装箱屋：
一是以表3制作泡沫铝合金/石蜡相变储热侧部、顶部、底部单面板的测算数据为依据，测算确定不同面积与体积集装箱屋所需相变储热单面板的数量、布局、屋重；
二是本专利是在发明人开发的“一种泡沫铝制作的轻型集装箱屋”基础上的改进与发展，其中集装箱屋的立柱、横梁、部分泡沫铝合金单面板与龙骨架仍然选用泡沫铝合金复合板制作，规格、重量、尺寸、拼接方式相近，而部分面板选用泡沫铝合金/石蜡相变储热材料制作，所需泡沫铝合金/石蜡相变储热侧部、顶部、底部单面板数量与布局，根据其储热量、采暖房间的面积与空间、采暖温度、太阳光照时间、太阳高度角、房屋地处的微环境多种因素计算/估算确定；
只选用面板制作相变储热源的理由是：一是房屋内表面几乎由侧面板与顶、底面板围护而成，立柱、横梁所占房屋内表面很少，对房屋采暖基本不起作用；二是充填石蜡的面板，体密度＜900kg/m3，比水轻，仍然属轻型结构材料，对立柱、横梁的支撑承载作用不产生负面影响，据有关资料介绍，泡沫铝的孔隙用石蜡取代空气后，体密度显著增加。结构强度提高，有利于提高立柱、横梁结构体的稳定性；
三是利用空调器成熟的采暖技术与大量实测、安装的数据与经验，估算调温集装箱屋所需的相变储热单面板的数量：20尺屋使用12～14块侧面板，40尺屋使用24～29块侧面板，就能满足采暖的要求；理由是：一是根据空调厂商提供空调采暖制冷耗电数据，1.25匹（约1kW/h）的空调适合16㎡±的房间使用，2匹（约1.5kW/h）的空调适合25㎡±的房间使用，2.5匹（约2kW/h）的空调适合30㎡±的房间使用；而相变侧部单面板的储热量为0.84～1.02kW/h，据此测算出调温集装箱屋所需相变侧部单面板的数量；二是相变面板采暖效率高，没有电热转换的损耗，制热不需要辅电，其本身就是热源；三是制热均衡，立体向房间供热，墙体供热，只加热屋内空气与物品，而空调供热是由点到面再到立体供热，还要向墙体供热，能耗大；
四是利用气象、微环境条件确定相变储热侧部单面板的布局，制热相变储热单面板数占集装箱全部面板的1/3～2/5，为达到采暖的最佳效果，需要对相变面板进行布局，选择相邻侧面板与顶部面板相间布局或相邻侧面板全方位布局或上下左右全方位相间布局，依当地光照时间、昼夜温差、热岛效应、微环境多种因素，任选其中的一种布局；例如昼夜温差＞15℃的地区，宜采用向阳面布局相变储热单面板，温差＜10℃的地区，宜采用相间布局相变储热单面板；屋顶全采光的单层集装箱屋，宜采用顶部面板与相邻侧面板的布局；所有布局都应以提高人体舒适度为选择原则。
附图说明
图1为泡沫铝/石蜡相变储热单面板结构示意图；
图2为泡沫铝/石蜡相变储热单面板在集装箱屋面板中的顶板与侧面板相间布局图；
图3为泡沫铝/石蜡相变储热单面板在集装箱屋面板中的相邻侧面板连贯布局图。
具体实施方案
图1、2、3中，1为泡沫铝/石蜡相变储热单面板，2为充填在泡沫铝中的石蜡，3为泡沫铝合金，4为泡沫铝合金单面板。
图1中的泡沫铝/石蜡相变储热单面板1，选用/定制开孔泡沫铝合金单面板作为制作相变侧部面板/顶、底面板的基板，将其加热到石蜡熔点以上，再浸泡在低熔点石蜡占60wt%±的混合液体石蜡中，经渗透充填、冷却固化、整形，制成泡沫铝/石蜡相变储热侧部单面板/顶、底部单面板。
图2、图3为制作轻型调温集装箱屋面板中，泡沫铝/石蜡相变储热单面板1与泡沫铝合金单面板4的组合匹配方式，图2为泡沫铝/石蜡相变储热单面板1与泡沫铝合金单面板4在顶部与相邻侧面板中相间匹配的组合方式，图3为泡沫铝/石蜡相变储热单面板1在相邻侧面板中连贯匹配的组合方式。
Claims (3)
1.一种泡沫铝-石蜡相变储热材料制作的轻型调温集装箱屋，其特征在于：将集装箱屋顶部、底部面板与侧部面板所需的市售泡沫铝合金单面板制作为泡沫铝/石蜡低熔点相变储热单面板，再按集装箱屋面积与形状，用不同数量的顶、底部与侧部相变储热单面板与泡沫铝合金单面板，按设计步骤组合匹配为符合人体热舒适度要求的轻型调温集装箱屋。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种泡沫铝-石蜡相变储热材料制作的轻型调温集装箱屋，其特征在于所述泡沫铝/石蜡低熔点相变储热单面板制作方法是：侧部选用/定制2500mm*800mm*15mm、孔隙率90%±、密度0.25g/cm3±，重7.5㎏的开孔泡沫铝合金单面板作为制作相变储热侧部面板的基板，将其加热到石蜡熔点以上，再浸泡在低熔点石蜡占60wt%±的混合液体石蜡中，经渗透充填、冷却固化、整形，制成相变温度30℃±、相变潜热200J/g±、相变储热单面板重22.6～25.9kg、其中石蜡相变材料重15.0～18.4kg、板面密度11.3～12.9kg/㎡、体积密度754～862kg/m3、储热量3024～3672kJ的泡沫铝合金/石蜡相变储热侧部单面板；所述顶、底部选用/定制2400mm*800mm*15mm、孔隙率90%±、密度0.25g/cm3±，重7.2㎏的开孔泡沫铝合金单面板作为制作相变顶、底部面板的基板，将其加热到石蜡熔点以上，再浸泡在低熔点石蜡占60wt%±的混合液体石蜡中，经渗透、冷却固化、整形，制成相变温度30℃±、相变潜热200J/g±、相变储热单面板重21.7～24.8kg，其中石蜡相变材料重14.5～17.6kg、板面密度11.3～12.9kg/㎡、体积密度754～862kg/m3、储热量2903～3525kJ（相当于0.81～0.98度的空调供电量）的泡沫铝/石蜡相变储热顶、底部单面板；以此作为制作轻型调温集装箱侧部、顶部、底部面板的依据。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述一种泡沫铝-石蜡相变储热材料制作的轻型调温集装箱屋，其特征在于按设计步骤组合匹配为符合人体热舒适度要求的轻型调温集装箱屋：
一是测算确定不同面积与体积集装箱屋所需相变储热单面板的数量、布局、屋重；
二是集装箱屋的立柱、横梁、部分泡沫铝合金单面板与龙骨架选用泡沫铝合金复合板制作，而部分面板选用泡沫铝合金/石蜡相变储热材料制作，所需泡沫铝合金/石蜡相变储热侧部、顶部、底部单面板数量与布局，根据其储热量、采暖房间的面积与空间、采暖温度、太阳光照时间、太阳高度角、房屋地处的微环境多种因素计算/估算确定；
三是所需的相变储热单面板的数量：20尺屋使用12～14块，40尺屋使用24～29块；
四是依当地光照时间、昼夜温差、微环境因素，任选相邻侧面板与顶部面板相间或相邻侧面板连贯或上下左右全方位相间的任一种布局。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610732754.5A CN106284830B (zh) | 2016-08-27 | 2016-08-27 | 一种泡沫铝-石蜡相变储热材料制作的轻型调温集装箱屋 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610732754.5A CN106284830B (zh) | 2016-08-27 | 2016-08-27 | 一种泡沫铝-石蜡相变储热材料制作的轻型调温集装箱屋 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106284830A true CN106284830A (zh) | 2017-01-04 |
| CN106284830B CN106284830B (zh) | 2018-07-20 |
Family
ID=57677260
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610732754.5A Expired - Fee Related CN106284830B (zh) | 2016-08-27 | 2016-08-27 | 一种泡沫铝-石蜡相变储热材料制作的轻型调温集装箱屋 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106284830B (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106918259A (zh) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-07-04 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | 快速热响应复合相变储热器及其制备方法 |
| CN109560306A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-02 | 东南大学 | 一种基于泡沫金属的质子交换膜燃料电池相变储能系统 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20060102485A (ko) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-09-27 | 김봉호 | 발포알루미늄 복합판넬을 이용한 조립식 방음부스 |
| CN201953090U (zh) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-08-31 | 扬州通利冷藏集装箱有限公司 | 可移动的模块化居住房屋 |
| KR101121076B1 (ko) * | 2011-07-04 | 2012-06-14 | 대혁산업(주) | 충격완충구조를 갖는 철골구조물 |
| CN102660230A (zh) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-09-12 | 郑德强 | 超导热复合相变储能材料 |
| CN104652649A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-27 | 上海海事大学 | 一种太阳辐射自调节多孔相变储热组合墙 |
-
2016
- 2016-08-27 CN CN201610732754.5A patent/CN106284830B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20060102485A (ko) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-09-27 | 김봉호 | 발포알루미늄 복합판넬을 이용한 조립식 방음부스 |
| CN201953090U (zh) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-08-31 | 扬州通利冷藏集装箱有限公司 | 可移动的模块化居住房屋 |
| KR101121076B1 (ko) * | 2011-07-04 | 2012-06-14 | 대혁산업(주) | 충격완충구조를 갖는 철골구조물 |
| CN102660230A (zh) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-09-12 | 郑德强 | 超导热复合相变储能材料 |
| CN104652649A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-27 | 上海海事大学 | 一种太阳辐射自调节多孔相变储热组合墙 |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106918259A (zh) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-07-04 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | 快速热响应复合相变储热器及其制备方法 |
| CN106918259B (zh) * | 2017-01-20 | 2019-06-28 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | 快速热响应复合相变储热器及其制备方法 |
| CN109560306A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-02 | 东南大学 | 一种基于泡沫金属的质子交换膜燃料电池相变储能系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106284830B (zh) | 2018-07-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Pasupathy et al. | Phase change material-based building architecture for thermal management in residential and commercial establishments | |
| Javadi et al. | Performance improvement of solar thermal systems integrated with phase change materials (PCM), a review | |
| Al-Yasiri et al. | Incorporation of phase change materials into building envelope for thermal comfort and energy saving: A comprehensive analysis | |
| Sharma et al. | Latent heat storage materials and systems: a review | |
| Ikutegbe et al. | Application of phase change material foam composites in the built environment: A critical review | |
| Rodriguez-Ubinas et al. | Applications of phase change material in highly energy-efficient houses | |
| Seddegh et al. | Solar domestic hot water systems using latent heat energy storage medium: a review | |
| Akeiber et al. | A review on phase change material (PCM) for sustainable passive cooling in building envelopes | |
| Souayfane et al. | Phase change materials (PCM) for cooling applications in buildings: A review | |
| Socaciu | Thermal energy storage with phase change material | |
| Hichem et al. | Experimental and numerical study of a usual brick filled with PCM to improve the thermal inertia of buildings | |
| Kenisarin et al. | Solar energy storage using phase change materials | |
| Parameshwaran et al. | Sustainable thermal energy storage technologies for buildings: a review | |
| Basecq et al. | Short-term storage systems of thermal energy for buildings: a review | |
| Ye et al. | The performance evaluation of shape-stabilized phase change materials in building applications using energy saving index | |
| Ghoneim et al. | Analysis of collector-storage building walls using phase-change materials | |
| Tyagi et al. | PCM thermal storage in buildings: A state of art | |
| Xu et al. | Research on the climate response of variable thermo-physical property building envelopes: a literature review | |
| CN201107006Y (zh) | 泡沫铜-相变材料储能构件及采用它的温控装置 | |
| Chaichan et al. | Performance amelioration of a Trombe wall by using phase change material (PCM) | |
| Sharma et al. | Solar water heating system with phase change materials | |
| CN103015540A (zh) | 建筑用相变蓄能板及其制造方法 | |
| Ye et al. | Simulative optimization on energy saving performance of phase change panels with different phase transition temperatures | |
| Pasupathy et al. | Phase Change Material Based ThermalStorage for Energy Conservation inBuilding Architecture | |
| Safari et al. | Improvement of thermal performance of a solar chimney based on a passive solar heating system with phase-change materials |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20180720 |