CN106270682A - The mechanically cutting method of abnormity sheet metal component process allowance - Google Patents
The mechanically cutting method of abnormity sheet metal component process allowance Download PDFInfo
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- CN106270682A CN106270682A CN201610842708.0A CN201610842708A CN106270682A CN 106270682 A CN106270682 A CN 106270682A CN 201610842708 A CN201610842708 A CN 201610842708A CN 106270682 A CN106270682 A CN 106270682A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
- B23C3/16—Working surfaces curved in two directions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法，异形钣金件的毛坯为由第一水平部、第一曲面部、倾斜部、第二曲面部和第二水平部依次连接而成的Z字型结构，方法包括：步骤一、将零件毛坯安放在底部工装之上；步骤二、提供一个定位块具有一个水平底面和四个侧面；将定位块设置于零件毛坯之上，使第一个侧面与第二曲面部贴合；步骤三、提供贴形压板，将一对贴形压板设置于零件毛坯之上；步骤四、机床控制系统根据第二个侧面分别与两侧理论边之间的距离值控制刀具对两侧边进行切割，根据第三个侧面分别与前理论边、后理论边之间的距离值控制刀具对前边和后边进行切割，从而得到理论尺寸的异形钣金件。本发明简单，夹紧方便，加工质量稳定。
The invention discloses a method for mechanically cutting off the process margin of a special-shaped sheet metal part. The blank of the special-shaped sheet metal part is sequentially connected by a first horizontal part, a first curved part, an inclined part, a second curved part and a second horizontal part The resulting Z-shaped structure, the method includes: step 1, placing the part blank on the bottom tooling; step 2, providing a positioning block with a horizontal bottom surface and four sides; setting the positioning block on the part blank, Fit the first side surface with the second curved surface; step 3, provide a shape-fitting press plate, and set a pair of shape-fitting pressure plates on the part blank; step 4, the machine tool control system is based on the theory of the second side and both sides respectively The distance between the sides controls the tool to cut the two sides, and controls the tool to cut the front and back sides according to the distance between the third side and the front theoretical side and the rear theoretical side respectively, so as to obtain the special-shaped sheet metal of theoretical size gold pieces. The invention is simple, convenient to clamp and stable in processing quality.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于钣金件机械加工技术领域，尤其涉及一种异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical processing of sheet metal parts, and in particular relates to a method for mechanically cutting off the process margin of special-shaped sheet metal parts.
背景技术Background technique
异形铝合金钣金件在航空航天和轨道交通等领域应用较为广泛。此类零件外观要求较高，装配时要求与其他规则钣金件对接，表面质量要求较高，在专用铝合金激光切割机的情况下，采用机械加工的方式切边，是较为快速和高效的加工方法。Special-shaped aluminum alloy sheet metal parts are widely used in aerospace and rail transit and other fields. Such parts have high requirements on appearance, and require docking with other regular sheet metal parts during assembly, and require high surface quality. In the case of a special aluminum alloy laser cutting machine, it is faster and more efficient to trim the edge by machining processing methods.
目前较为常见的钣金件去除工艺余量的方法是采用特种加工(包括激光切割，线切割，水切割)，但激光切割和水切割机机床费用昂贵，加工费用较高，线切割的方法加工效率较低。At present, the more common method of removing the process margin of sheet metal parts is to use special processing (including laser cutting, wire cutting, water cutting), but laser cutting and water cutting machine tools are expensive, and the processing cost is relatively high. less efficient.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法，其方法简单，制造成本低，制造周期短，使用方便，能够控制加工过程的变形，保证切边质量，保证外观质量。Aiming at the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for mechanically cutting off the process allowance of special-shaped sheet metal parts. The method is simple, low in manufacturing cost, short in manufacturing cycle, easy to use, capable of controlling the deformation in the processing process, and ensuring the quality of edge trimming. Guaranteed appearance quality.
本发明提供的技术方案为：The technical scheme provided by the invention is:
一种异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法，所述异形钣金件的零件毛坯为由第一水平部、第一曲面部、倾斜部、第二曲面部和第二水平部依次连接而成的Z字型结构，且所述第一水平部位于相对较高位置，而所述第二水平部位于相对较低位置，所述方法包括：A method for mechanically cutting off the process margin of a special-shaped sheet metal part. The part blank of the special-shaped sheet metal part is sequentially connected by a first horizontal part, a first curved surface, an inclined part, a second curved surface and a second horizontal part. A zigzag structure is formed, and the first horizontal part is located at a relatively high position, while the second horizontal part is located at a relatively low position, the method comprising:
步骤一、将底部工装安装于机床上，所述底部工装具有第一水平面、倾斜面和第二水平面，将所述零件毛坯安放在所述底部工装之上，并且使所述第一水平面与所述第一水平部贴合，所述倾斜面与所述倾斜部贴合，所述第二水平面与所述第二水平部贴合，从而使所述底部工装为所述零件毛坯提供支撑；Step 1. Install the bottom tooling on the machine tool, the bottom tooling has a first horizontal plane, an inclined surface and a second horizontal plane, place the part blank on the bottom tooling, and make the first horizontal plane and the second horizontal plane The first horizontal part is attached, the inclined surface is attached to the inclined part, and the second horizontal surface is attached to the second horizontal part, so that the bottom tooling provides support for the part blank;
步骤二、提供一个定位块具有一个水平底面和四个侧面，其中第一个侧面为曲面，以与第一个侧面相邻的侧面为第二个侧面，以与第一个侧面相对的侧面为第三个侧面；将所述定位块设置于所述零件毛坯之上，并且使所述水平底面与所述第二水平部贴合，使第一个侧面与所述第二曲面部贴合，从而使第二个侧面与所述异形钣金件的两侧理论边平行，使第三个侧面与所述异形钣金件的前理论边和后理论边平行；Step 2: Provide a positioning block with a horizontal bottom surface and four sides, wherein the first side is a curved surface, the side adjacent to the first side is the second side, and the side opposite to the first side is The third side: the positioning block is arranged on the part blank, and the horizontal bottom surface is attached to the second horizontal part, and the first side is attached to the second curved surface, Thereby making the second side parallel to the theoretical edges on both sides of the special-shaped sheet metal part, and making the third side parallel to the front theoretical edge and the rear theoretical edge of the special-shaped sheet metal part;
步骤三、提供贴形压板，所述贴形压板的下表面与所述零件毛坯的上表面的形状一致，将一对贴形压板设置于所述零件毛坯之上，使一对贴形压板与所述零件毛坯贴合，且一对贴形压板分布在所述定位块的两侧；Step 3, providing a conforming press plate, the lower surface of the conforming press plate is consistent with the shape of the upper surface of the part blank, and a pair of conforming press plates are arranged on the part blank, so that the pair of conforming press plates and the The part blanks are bonded together, and a pair of shape-fitting pressure plates are distributed on both sides of the positioning block;
步骤四、在机床控制系统中建立一坐标系，并且确定所述定位块的第二个侧面和第三个侧面在所述坐标系中的位置，根据所述异形钣金件的理论尺寸和所述定位块的尺寸，预先在所述机床控制系统内设置第二个侧面与两侧理论边之间的距离值以及第三个侧面分别与前理论边、后理论边之间的距离值，所述机床控制系统根据第二个侧面在所述坐标系中的位置以及第二个侧面分别与两侧理论边之间的距离值控制刀具对所述零件毛坯的两侧边进行切割，根据第三个侧面在在所述坐标系中的位置以及第三个侧面分别与前理论边、后理论边之间的距离值控制刀具对所述零件毛坯的前边和后边进行切割，从而加工得到理论尺寸的所述异形钣金件。Step 4, establish a coordinate system in the machine tool control system, and determine the position of the second side and the third side of the positioning block in the coordinate system, according to the theoretical size of the special-shaped sheet metal part and the According to the size of the positioning block, the distance values between the second side and the theoretical sides on both sides and the distance values between the third side and the front theoretical side and the rear theoretical side are set in advance in the machine tool control system, so The control system of the machine tool controls the tool to cut the two sides of the blank according to the position of the second side in the coordinate system and the distance between the second side and the theoretical sides on both sides. The position of the first side in the coordinate system and the distance between the third side and the front theoretical side and the rear theoretical side control the tool to cut the front side and the back side of the part blank, so as to obtain the theoretical size. The special-shaped sheet metal parts.
优选的是，所述的异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法中，所述贴形压板的下表面的边沿以倒钝的形式设置。Preferably, in the method for mechanically cutting off the processing allowance of special-shaped sheet metal parts, the edge of the lower surface of the conformal press plate is set in a blunt manner.
优选的是，所述的异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法中，所述刀具为球形铣刀。Preferably, in the method for mechanically cutting off the processing allowance of special-shaped sheet metal parts, the cutter is a spherical milling cutter.
优选的是，所述的异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法中，所述底部工装为由多个板材焊接而成。Preferably, in the method for mechanically removing the processing margin of special-shaped sheet metal parts, the bottom tooling is welded by a plurality of plates.
优选的是，所述的异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法中，所述异形钣金件为异形铝合金钣金件。Preferably, in the method for mechanically cutting off the processing margin of a special-shaped sheet metal part, the special-shaped sheet metal part is a special-shaped aluminum alloy sheet metal part.
本发明所述的异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法简单，利用普通三轴机床就可以加工，定位可靠，夹紧方便，加工效率高，加工成本低，加工质量稳定，加工过程中能保证钣金件的表面不被碰伤，切边基本无刀痕。The mechanical removal method of the special-shaped sheet metal parts in the present invention is simple, and can be processed by using an ordinary three-axis machine tool, with reliable positioning, convenient clamping, high processing efficiency, low processing cost, stable processing quality, and energy saving during processing. Ensure that the surface of the sheet metal parts is not damaged, and there are basically no knife marks on the cutting edge.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所述的机械切除方法中工艺余量的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of process margin in the mechanical cutting method of the present invention;
图2为本发明所述的异形钣金件的零件毛坯在机床上的安装示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the part blank of the special-shaped sheet metal part on the machine tool according to the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the description.
如图1和图2所示，本发明提供一种异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法，所述异形钣金件的零件毛坯2为由第一水平部3、第一曲面部4、倾斜部5、第二曲面部6和第二水平部9依次连接而成的Z字型结构，且所述第一水平部3位于相对较高位置，而所述第二水平部9位于相对较低位置，所述方法包括：As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present invention provides a kind of mechanical cutting method of the processing margin of special-shaped sheet metal parts. The inclined part 5, the second curved surface 6 and the second horizontal part 9 are connected in sequence to form a Z-shaped structure, and the first horizontal part 3 is located at a relatively high position, while the second horizontal part 9 is located at a relatively high position. low position, the method includes:
步骤一、将底部工装10安装于机床上，所述底部工装10具有第一水平面11、倾斜面12和第二水平面13，将所述零件毛坯2安放在所述底部工装之上，并且使所述第一水平面11与所述第一水平部3贴合，所述倾斜面12与所述倾斜部5贴合，所述第二水平面13与所述第二水平部9贴合，从而使所述底部工装为所述零件毛坯提供支撑。底部工装为零件毛坯提供支撑，使零件毛坯稳定地设置在机床上，保证施工精度。安装底部工装时，需要打表找正，固定紧。Step 1, install the bottom tooling 10 on the machine tool, the bottom tooling 10 has a first horizontal plane 11, an inclined surface 12 and a second horizontal plane 13, place the part blank 2 on the bottom tooling, and make the The first horizontal surface 11 is attached to the first horizontal portion 3, the inclined surface 12 is attached to the inclined portion 5, and the second horizontal surface 13 is attached to the second horizontal portion 9, so that the The bottom tooling provides support for the part blank. The bottom tooling provides support for the part blank, so that the part blank is stably set on the machine tool to ensure the construction accuracy. When installing the bottom tooling, it is necessary to make a watch to align and fix it tightly.
步骤二、提供一个定位块具有一个水平底面14和四个侧面，其中第一个侧面16为曲面，以与第一个侧面16相邻的侧面为第二个侧面，以与第一个侧面16相对的侧面为第三个侧面15；将所述定位块1设置于所述零件毛坯2之上，并且使所述水平底面14与所述第二水平部9贴合，使第一个侧面16与所述第二曲面部6贴合，从而使第二个侧面与所述异形钣金件的两侧理论边平行，使第三个侧面与所述异形钣金件的前理论边7和后理论边8平行。定位块设计有一个曲面和三个竖直侧面，将曲面与零件毛坯的第二曲面部完全贴合，从而使定位块与零件毛坯之间的相对位置固定且准确，在后续加工阶段，通过确定定位块的位置就可以确定出异形钣金件的各理论边的位置，进而实现精确地加工。Step 2, providing a positioning block with a horizontal bottom surface 14 and four sides, wherein the first side 16 is a curved surface, the side adjacent to the first side 16 is the second side, and the side adjacent to the first side 16 is The opposite side is the third side 15; the positioning block 1 is arranged on the part blank 2, and the horizontal bottom surface 14 is attached to the second horizontal part 9, so that the first side 16 It fits with the second curved surface 6, so that the second side is parallel to the theoretical sides on both sides of the special-shaped sheet metal part, and the third side is parallel to the front theoretical side 7 and the rear theoretical side of the special-shaped sheet metal part. Theoretical sides 8 are parallel. The positioning block is designed with a curved surface and three vertical sides, which completely fit the curved surface with the second curved surface of the part blank, so that the relative position between the positioning block and the part blank is fixed and accurate. In the subsequent processing stage, by determining The position of the positioning block can determine the position of each theoretical edge of the special-shaped sheet metal, and then realize precise processing.
步骤三、提供贴形压板，所述贴形压板的下表面与所述零件毛坯的上表面的形状一致，将一对贴形压板设置于所述零件毛坯之上，使一对贴形压板与所述零件毛坯贴合，且一对贴形压板分布在所述定位块的两侧。贴形压板是为了进一步固定零件毛坯，使零件毛坯的位置固定不变。贴形压板的形状与零件毛坯一致，从而可以完全压靠在零件毛坯上，改善固定效果。此外，在贴形压板之上还可以设置一个普通压板，该普通压板再压靠在贴形压板的上表面上，进一步固定贴形压板。Step 3, providing a conforming press plate, the lower surface of the conforming press plate is consistent with the shape of the upper surface of the part blank, and a pair of conforming press plates are arranged on the part blank, so that the pair of conforming press plates and the The part blanks are bonded together, and a pair of shape-fitting pressing plates are distributed on both sides of the positioning block. The shape-fitting press plate is to further fix the part blank, so that the position of the part blank remains unchanged. The shape of the form-fitting press plate is consistent with the part blank, so that it can be completely pressed against the part blank to improve the fixing effect. In addition, an ordinary pressing plate can also be arranged on the conforming pressing plate, and the ordinary pressing plate is pressed against the upper surface of the conforming pressing plate to further fix the conforming pressing plate.
步骤四、在机床控制系统中建立一坐标系，并且确定所述定位块的第二个侧面和第三个侧面在所述坐标系中的位置，根据所述异形钣金件的理论尺寸和所述定位块的尺寸，预先在所述机床控制系统内设置第二个侧面与两侧理论边之间的距离值以及第三个侧面分别与前理论边7、后理论边8之间的距离值，所述机床控制系统根据第二个侧面在所述坐标系中的位置以及第二个侧面分别与两侧理论边之间的距离值控制刀具5对所述零件毛坯的两侧边进行切割，根据第三个侧面在在所述坐标系中的位置以及第三个侧面分别与前理论边7、后理论边8之间的距离值控制刀具5对所述零件毛坯的前边和后边进行切割，从而加工得到理论尺寸的所述异形钣金件。当确定了定位块的第二个侧面和第三个侧面的具体位置，并且由于异形钣金件的理论尺寸是预先已知的，那么就可以预先设置第二个侧面到两侧理论边的距离值以及第三个侧面到前理论边7、后理论边8的距离值。设置之后，机床控制系统可以控制刀具对零件坯料的四个侧边进行切割，将超出第二个侧面、第三个侧面相应距离值之外的部分切割掉(切去的部分即工艺余量6)，即可以得到符合理论尺寸的异形钣金件。Step 4, establish a coordinate system in the machine tool control system, and determine the position of the second side and the third side of the positioning block in the coordinate system, according to the theoretical size of the special-shaped sheet metal part and the According to the size of the positioning block, the distance value between the second side and the theoretical sides on both sides and the distance between the third side and the front theoretical side 7 and the rear theoretical side 8 are set in advance in the machine tool control system , the machine tool control system controls the tool 5 to cut the two sides of the part blank according to the position of the second side in the coordinate system and the distance between the second side and the theoretical sides on both sides respectively, According to the position of the third side in the coordinate system and the distance between the third side and the front theoretical side 7 and the rear theoretical side 8, the tool 5 is controlled to cut the front side and the back side of the part blank, In this way, the special-shaped sheet metal parts with theoretical dimensions are processed. When the specific positions of the second side and the third side of the positioning block are determined, and since the theoretical size of the special-shaped sheet metal part is known in advance, then the distance from the second side to the theoretical sides on both sides can be set in advance value and the distance from the third side to the front theoretical side 7 and the rear theoretical side 8. After setting, the machine control system can control the tool to cut the four sides of the part blank, and cut off the part beyond the corresponding distance value of the second side and the third side (the cut part is the process allowance 6 ), that is, special-shaped sheet metal parts that meet the theoretical size can be obtained.
上述“前”和“后”分别对应于图1和图2中的左侧和右侧，而上述“两侧”则对应于图1和图2中的纸面外侧和纸面内侧。The above "front" and "rear" correspond to the left and right sides in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively, and the above "both sides" correspond to the outside and inside of the paper in FIGS. 1 and 2.
本发明对零件坯料进行了稳定地固定和精确地定位，因此，加工所得到的异形钣金件的精度高，质量稳定。The invention stably fixes and accurately locates the part blank, so the processed special-shaped sheet metal parts have high precision and stable quality.
在一个优选的实施例中，所述的异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法中，所述贴形压板的下表面的边沿以倒钝的形式设置，从而防止压紧过程中在零件坯料的上表面压出压痕。In a preferred embodiment, in the method for mechanically cutting off the processing margin of special-shaped sheet metal parts, the edge of the lower surface of the conformal press plate is set in a blunt manner, so as to prevent the part blank from being damaged during the pressing process. Make indentations on the upper surface.
在一个优选的实施例中，所述的异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法中，所述刀具5为球形铣刀。在加工Z向斜边时，切削过程中与零件坯料逐渐接触，切削力小，切削振动小。In a preferred embodiment, in the method for mechanically cutting off the processing allowance of special-shaped sheet metal parts, the cutter 5 is a spherical milling cutter. When machining the Z-direction hypotenuse, it gradually contacts with the part blank during the cutting process, the cutting force is small, and the cutting vibration is small.
在一个优选的实施例中，所述的异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法中，所述底部工装10的制作过程为：先将多个板材焊接，再铣出第一水平面、倾斜面和第二水平面。In a preferred embodiment, in the method of mechanically cutting off the process margin of special-shaped sheet metal parts, the manufacturing process of the bottom tooling 10 is: firstly welding a plurality of plates, and then milling out the first horizontal plane and the inclined plane and the second level.
在一个优选的实施例中，所述的异形钣金件工艺余量的机械切除方法中，所述异形钣金件为异形铝合金钣金件。In a preferred embodiment, in the method for mechanically cutting off the processing margin of the special-shaped sheet metal part, the special-shaped sheet metal part is a special-shaped aluminum alloy sheet metal part.
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。Although the embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the use listed in the specification and implementation, it can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, and it can be easily understood by those skilled in the art Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific details and examples shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.
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