CN106256083A - 用于识别电动机的转子位置的方法、用于确定电动机的转子位置的靶标和电动机 - Google Patents

用于识别电动机的转子位置的方法、用于确定电动机的转子位置的靶标和电动机 Download PDF

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CN106256083A
CN106256083A CN201580023371.4A CN201580023371A CN106256083A CN 106256083 A CN106256083 A CN 106256083A CN 201580023371 A CN201580023371 A CN 201580023371A CN 106256083 A CN106256083 A CN 106256083A
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CN106256083B (zh
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马库斯·迪特里希
于尔根·格哈特
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/24—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/22—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils
    • G01D5/2208—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils by influencing the self-induction of the coils
    • G01D5/2216—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils by influencing the self-induction of the coils by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. a core

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  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于识别电动机的转子位置的方法，其中设置在转子上的靶标利用传感器扫描。在经济实惠地实施并且尽管如此仍提供高精度的传感器信号的方法中，转子的转动运动利用电感式的或电容式的传感器检测。

Description

用于识别电动机的转子位置的方法、用于确定电动机的转子 位置的靶标和电动机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于识别电动机的转子位置的方法，其中设置在转子上的靶标利用传感器来扫描，以及涉及一种用于确定发电机的转子位置的靶标和一种电动机。
背景技术
在现代机动车辆、尤其载客汽车中，越来越多地使用自动离合器，如其在DE 102011 014 936 A1中描述的那样。在此，离合器通过电子换向电动机运动。为了确定离合器的准确的位置，需要借助于转子位置传感装置准确地确定在马达旋转期间电动机的位置。
从DE 10 2013 208 986 A1中已知电子换向电动机的转子位置传感装置的磁体传感环，所述磁体传感环具有预设数量的磁极，其中磁化方向交变。这种磁体传感环由传感器系统扫描，所述传感器系统基于霍尔效应、AMR或GMR测量的物理原理。但构成为永磁体的靶标造成磁体原材料的成本高，并且难于集成到转子系统中，因为磁体材料是非常脆的，并且存在方向相关的膨胀系数，所述膨胀系数对于塑料和金属是完全不同的。
在这种转子位置传感装置中，靶标和传感器之间的间距例如由于转子轴的摆动引起的距离改变或者磁化错误对测量信号产生重大的影响。
从WO 2010/084000 A1中已知一种用于根据要测量的变量电感式地产生电测量信号的方法，例如用于确定空间中的位置和/或路径和/或要检测的试样的材料特征。
发明内容
因此，本发明基于下述目的，提出一种用于确定电动机的转子位置的方法和一种电动机，其中能够经济实惠地并且尽管如此仍以传感器的可靠的测量信号确保转子位置的确定。
根据本发明，所述目的通过下述方式实现：在转子的转动运动期间，借助电感式的或电容式的传感器检测转子位置。这具有下述优点：能够省去由昂贵磁体材料构成的靶标。虽然该变型形式经济实惠，但借助于电感式的和电容式的传感器能够在电动机旋转期间准确地确定电动机的转子位置。
有利地，经由对随着测量转子的转动运动而变化的、在靶标和传感器之间的间距进行测量，检测转子的位置。这在非常鲁棒的构造的情况下能够实现对高精度的传感器信号的可靠测量。
作为替选方案，能够经由扫描通过独特的几何形状形成的投影面，确定转子的位置。在此，也使用无磁性的经济实惠的材料，这明显降低了测量方法的成本。
本发明的一种改进方案涉及一种用于确定优选电动机的转子的位置的靶标，所述靶标能够由传感器扫描。靶标的特征在于在转子的一整转(eine Umdrehung)上有独特的几何形状，在所述靶标中能够简单地扫描可靠的测量信号。借助于所述设计方案，电动机的一整转以变化的形状清楚地分辨，使得能够建立在所述电动机的一整转期间与转子轴的位置的独特的关系，其中所述整转机械地对应于转子轴的360°的角度变化。
在一个设计方案中，靶标的独特的几何形状三维地构成，并且沿着转子的转动轴线延伸，其中传感器检测由于转子的转动运动而改变的在靶标和传感器之间的间距。在三维几何形状的靶标中，必须要注意的是，间距在转子轴的每个转动角度下都改变，以便能够建立靶标和传感器信号之间的独特的关系。
有利地，靶标的三维形状类似于螺旋地构成，所述靶标的斜面在360°的旋转角之内连续地或阶梯状地上升或下降。通过这样的线性化，确保对转子轴的位置与传感器信号的独特的相关性的要求。同时，可以考虑传感器的输出信号，所述输出信号能够被模拟地或数字地继续处理。
在另一个实施方式中，独特的几何形状设置在由导电材料构成的承载层上，其中不导电的几何形状部分地覆盖承载层。由于导电的承载层通过二维形状仅部分覆盖，所以产生电感性的签名，所述签名此外应称作为投影面，借助于所述投影面，传感器能够在承载层旋转时独特地检测转子位置。
有利地，靶标的二维形状构成为阿基米德螺旋线。在此，传感器仅在投影面上是灵敏的，这带来对转子位置的可靠检测。
本发明的另一变型形式涉及一种电动机，优选电子换向电动机，所述电动机包括随转子轴运动的转子，在所述转子上抗扭地设置有靶标，所述靶标能够由传感器扫描。在电动机中，靶标设置在转子轴的端侧上并且具有在转子轴的一整转上独特变化的几何形状，所述几何形状能够由相对于转子轴在轴向上对准端面的传感器扫描，在所述电动机中，使用经济实惠的材料，并且尽管如此得到可靠的传感器信号。
有利地，传感器构成为电感式的或电容式的传感器。
附图说明
本发明允许有多种实施方式。其中两个实施方式要根据在附图中示出的图示予以详细阐述。
附图示出：
图1示出机动车辆中的自动离合器的原理图，
图2示出根据本发明的靶标的第一实施例，
图3示出电感式的传感器的输出信号，
图4示出根据本发明的靶标的第二实施例，
相同的特征用相同的附图标记表示。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出自动离合器操纵系统1的原理图，如其在机动车辆中使用的那样。离合器操纵系统1在此具有控制设备2，所述控制设备控制电动机3，所述电动机是可电子换向的。电动机3与呈螺杆形式的变速器4连接，所述变速器又引向离合器操纵装置5。通过由控制设备2控制电动机3，将电动机3的转子置于转动运动，所述转动运动传递给变速器4。转动运动由变速器4转换成线性运动，借助所述线性运动使包含在离合器操纵装置5中的未进一步示出的离合器运动。在转子轴6的背离变速器4的端侧上，相对于转子轴6在轴向上定向地设置有电感式的传感器7。所述传感器7在此检测转子轴6的端侧的设置有靶标8的表面。
在图2中示出靶标8的第一实施例。固定在转子轴6的端侧上的靶标8类似于螺旋地构成，其中靶标8的斜面12在转子轴6旋转360°时线性地下降。电感式的传感器7检测所述斜面变化，所述斜面变化反映成在360°的整转上在转子轴6的端侧和传感器7之间的间距变化。为了消除转子位置中的公差，也可以使用电感式的传感器7的两个传感器头9、10的差动测量。为了所述目的，靶标8具有两个反向的斜面11、12，其中每个斜面11、12借助于另一个传感器头9、10来扫描。两个传感器头9、10的感测点在图2中用S1和S2表示。传感器头9、10将输出信号输出，所述输出信号在图3中示出。在一整转上，每个传感器头9、10输出线性的输出信号。在靶标8的斜面11、12和传感器7之间的间距值在此对应于转动角度。来自两个反向的斜面11、12的两个单测量值相对于两个传感器头9、10的间距之和归一化。
图4示出根据本发明的靶标8的第二实施例。转子轴6的端侧部分地用导电材料13覆层，其中转子轴6本身由绝缘的基本材料、例如塑料构成。除了用导电材料13覆层之外，也可以考虑蒸镀转子轴6的端侧。在导电材料13之内构成二维几何形状14，例如阿基米德螺旋线。所述二维形状14由不导电的材料构成。因此，所述阿基米德螺旋线设置在端面上，使得扫描端侧的传感器15在0°时仅少量地检测到导电材料13，并进而仅输出小的输出信号，而在转子轴6旋转360°时，传感器15检测到导电材料13的大的面积，借此电感式的传感器15输出大的输出信号。根据应用情况确定感测点，在所述感测点中，电感式的传感器15扫描端面，但是必须确保：测定在转子轴6的一整转上端面的独特的相关性。电感式的传感器15在此仅在导电材料的投影面上是灵敏的。
对于两个阐述的设计方案适用的是，转子轴的在机械上对应于360°的整转以变化的形状来分辨。但360°在机械上也可以通过极对划分，并且与此相应地，多个传感器面在机械上映射到360°上。由于电动机3的所述有利的位置确定，明显改进换向。用于电子换向电动机的位置确定和换向的转子位置传感装置因此在执行器中借助于电感式的和电容式的测量是简单可行的。在此，所述方法给予如下优点：在没有永磁体的情况下就能实现并且消除干扰影响、例如垂直地和切向地在转子位置传感装置中的位置变化。所述方法能够与特定的靶标一起使用来进行角度识别。
附图标记列表：
1 离合器操纵系统
2 控制设备
3 电动机
4 变速器
5 离合器操纵装置
6 转子轴
7 电感式的传感器
8 靶标
9 传感器头
10 传感器头
11 三维形状的斜面
12 三维形状的斜面
13 导电材料
14 二维形状
15 电感式的传感器

Claims (10)

1.一种用于识别电动机的转子位置的方法，其中借助传感器(7，15)扫描设置在转子上的靶标(8)，其特征在于，借助电感式的或电容式的传感器(7，15)检测所述转子的转动运动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，经由对靶标(8)和传感器(7)之间的间距进行测量，检测所述转子的位置，所述间距随所述转子的转动运动而改变。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，经由通过所述传感器(15)扫描通过独特的几何形状形成的投影面，实现所述转子的位置。
4.一种用于确定优选电动机的转子的位置的靶标，所述靶标能够由传感器(7，15)扫描，其特征在于，设有在所述转子的一整转上独特的几何形状(11，12，14)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的靶标，其特征在于，所述靶标(8)的所述几何形状(11，12)三维地构成，并且独特的所述几何形状(11，12)沿着所述转子的转动轴线延伸，其中所述传感器(7)检测靶标(8)和传感器(7)之间的间距，所述间距由于所述转子的转动运动而改变。
6.根据权利要求5所述的靶标，其特征在于，所述靶标(8)的三维形状(11，12)类似于螺旋地构成，所述靶标的斜面(11，12)在360°的角度之内连续地或阶梯状地上升或下降。
7.根据权利要求4所述的靶标，其特征在于，独特的所述几何形状(14)设置在由导电材料(13)构成的承载层上，其中不导电的所述几何形状(14)部分地覆盖所述承载层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的靶标，其特征在于，所述几何形状(14)构成为阿基米德螺旋线。
9.一种电动机，优选电子换向电动机，包括在转子轴(6)上运动的转子，在所述转子上抗扭地设置有靶标(8)，所述靶标能够由传感器(7，15)扫描，其特征在于，所述靶标(8)根据上述权利要求4至8中至少一项构成，并且所述靶标(8)设置在所述转子轴(6)的端面上，并且所述靶标(8)能够由相对于所述转子轴(8)在轴向上对准所述端面的传感器(7，15)扫描。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电动机，其特征在于，所述传感器(7，15)构成为电感式的或电容式的传感器。
CN201580023371.4A 2014-04-30 2015-04-20 用于识别电动机的转子位置的方法、用于确定电动机的转子位置的靶标和电动机 Expired - Fee Related CN106256083B (zh)

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