CN106248546A - A kind of multiple dimensioned thermal transport synchronous monitoring pilot system and test method - Google Patents
A kind of multiple dimensioned thermal transport synchronous monitoring pilot system and test method Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 190
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/18—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0023—Investigating dispersion of liquids
- G01N2015/0034—Investigating dispersion of liquids in solids
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of multiple dimensioned thermal transport synchronous monitoring pilot system and thermal dispersion scale effect test method, system includes sand column assembly, stream assembly and temperature sensing unit.Sand column assembly includes the porous media of the internal filling standard particle diameter of some posts, can simulate different water cut Rotating fields, and sand post jamb face is that concentric lucite cylinder is nested to form vacuum heat-insulating layer, and inside and outside circle post jamb and air layer are passed through in temperature sensor；Stream assembly includes that constant temperature and pressure controls device, instantaneous guiding device, drainage mechanism composition, stream assembly control test system constant temperature, constant pressure boundary condition, instantaneous guiding device realize synchronised fluid instantaneous under ooze, drainage mechanism can obtain different periods fluid permeability flow；Temperature sensing unit realizes different test point temperature altofrequency and automatically gathers.Multiple dimensioned thermal transport synchronous monitoring system can be realized and carry out the semo-infinite big one-dimensional advection and dispersion test of porous media different-grain diameter yardstick, space scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-scale heat migration synchronous monitoring test system and a test method, wherein the system can synchronously carry out semi-infinite one-dimensional convection dispersion tests of porous media with different particle sizes and spatial scales through functions of instantaneous diversion, constant temperature control, lateral vacuum insulation, automatic temperature acquisition and the like; through orthogonal test design, different heat source boundaries, seepage velocity, particle diameters, space positions and other element combination tests are screened out, and a test method for the thermal dispersion scale effect is provided through the derivation of a thermal dispersion coefficient analytic theory and the combination of test inversion calculation.
Background
In the field of porous medium heat and mass transfer research, the research of thermal dispersion, particularly the disclosure of a scale effect rule, is always a hotspot and difficult problem in the field, and a semi-infinite aquifer one-dimensional convection dispersion physical model test is one of the most direct and effective means for disclosing the thermal dispersion scale effect.
The development of the physical model test conditions is harsh, instantaneous constant boundary control such as constant concentration, constant temperature and constant pressure of fluid is involved, the same instantaneous constant boundary needs to be simultaneously met particularly for a plurality of groups of contrast tests, the control of the simple constant boundary conditions is not difficult, but the meeting of the constant boundary conditions needs a time control process, how to realize the instantaneous diversion connection of the fluid and a test medium becomes a key, and the boundary conditions cannot be accurately controlled, so that the boundary error of the model test can be caused. Meanwhile, the test condition of one-dimensional convection dispersion of a semi-infinite aquifer is met, no temperature transmission in a lateral space is required, namely, the adiabatic boundary condition is met, in addition, the space-time monitoring of a temperature field requires the arrangement of multi-point synchronous monitoring, however, the control of the vacuum adiabatic boundary condition can be easily realized, but the requirement of the detachable arrangement of a vacuum column lateral sensor is met, and the purpose that water and gas separation sealing becomes the key of model design is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the problem of semi-infinite aquifer one-dimensional convection dispersion test boundary condition control is solved, different particle sizes and structural aquifers are simulated, multiple groups of contrast tests are synchronously developed, and the problems that different space-time scale temperature automatic monitoring and temperature sensors can be disassembled are met.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a multi-scale heat migration synchronous monitoring test system comprises a test sand column component, a flow path assembly and a sensing unit;
the test sand column is a porous penetrating column, the test sand column assembly is connected to a test flow path of the flow path assembly, a sensor array of a sensing unit is arranged on the test sand column in an array mode, the sensor array is connected to a data receiving and processing module of the sensing unit, the flow path assembly comprises a constant temperature water tank, the test sand column assembly comprises a plurality of test sand columns which are arranged in a contrast array mode, each test sand column comprises a heat insulation shell, the top end of each heat insulation shell of each test sand column is connected to the constant temperature water tank through an instant flow guiding device to supply flow, the bottom of each heat insulation shell is connected to a flow acquiring mechanism of the flow path assembly to drain, and porous flowing media for flowing of fluid are filled in the heat insulation shells of the test sand columns;
the sensor array comprises temperature sensors arranged in the test sand column in an array mode, the array axis of each temperature sensor is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the test sand column, a probe of each temperature sensor extends into the porous flowing medium, and the data output end of each temperature sensor is connected to the automatic temperature acquisition system;
pressure measuring mechanisms are further arranged at the two axial ends of the test sand column, and the pressure difference between the two axial ends of the test sand column or the pressure measuring mechanisms is obtained;
the instantaneous flow guide device comprises a plurality of flow guide valves which are arranged at the bottom of the constant-temperature water tank and correspond to the test sand columns, and the driving mechanism of each flow guide valve is synchronously opened or closed through a synchronous mechanism.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the constant temperature water tank further comprises a constant temperature heating rod and a temperature sensor, the heating rod and the temperature sensor are connected through a constant temperature controller, a fluid mixing mechanism is further arranged in the constant temperature water tank, the fluid mixing mechanism comprises a fluid driving mechanism, and the fluid is driven by the fluid driving mechanism to flow in the constant temperature water tank.
As a further improvement of the invention, the fluid mixing driving mechanism comprises a water pump, and the fluid near the heating rods on the two sides of the constant temperature water tank is conveyed to the middle part of the constant temperature water tank by the driving of the water pump.
As a further improvement of the invention, the heat insulation shell comprises a cylindrical inner pipe and a cylindrical outer pipe, an annular vacuum area is arranged between the cylindrical inner pipe and the cylindrical outer pipe, and two axial ends of the heat insulation cavity are sealed by annular clapboards; the array is provided with a plurality of sensor bases on thermal-insulated shell, the sensor base includes the fixed cover of a sensor that runs through cylinder inner tube and cylinder outer tube, sealing connection between the outer wall of the fixed cover of sensor and cylinder inner tube, cylinder outer tube, and the sensor passes through the fixed cover of sensor and inserts experimental sand column middle part.
As a further improvement of the invention, the diversion valve comprises a valve rod for driving the valve plug, the synchronizing mechanism comprises a slide bar connected with each valve rod, a step-shaped driving guide groove and a linear guide groove are arranged on the slide bar, a plurality of positioning sliders are fixed in the constant-temperature water tank and can slide along the driving guide groove, a driving slider is arranged on the valve rod and can slide along the guide groove, and the slide bar moves up and down under the driving of the driving guide groove by driving the slide bar to move left and right so as to drive the valve rod to move up and down.
As a further improvement of the invention, the diversion valve comprises a valve seat penetrating through the bottom plate of the constant temperature water tank, a connecting assembly is arranged at the bottom of the valve seat, the connecting assembly comprises a connecting sleeve sleeved outside the valve seat, the connecting sleeve is movably connected with the valve sleeve, a sealing end surface corresponding to the top of the test sand column is arranged at one end of the connecting sleeve, a sealing ring is arranged on the sealing end surface, when the sealing end surface is in sealing connection with the top of the test sand column, the overflowing duct is communicated with the test sand column, and the movable connection is in threaded connection.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the constant temperature water tank further comprises an overflow tank, wherein the overflow tank and the constant temperature water tank overflow through an overflow trough, an overflow baffle is arranged in the overflow trough, and the height of the overflow trough is controlled through the sliding of the overflow baffle, so as to control the height of the water level of the constant temperature water tank.
As a further improvement of the invention, the test sand columns are filled with glass beads with different diameters.
A test method of a multi-scale heat migration synchronous monitoring test system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: set up a plurality of homogeneity test sand post, heterogeneous test sand post and control sand post: glass beads, a filter screen layer and a pebble layer are sequentially filled into each homogeneous test sand column from top to bottom, and the ratio of the filling thickness of the glass beads to the thickness of the pebble layer is 5:1, the ratio of the filling thickness of the pebble layer to the filling thickness of the filter screen layer is 10:1, filling glass beads in each homogeneous test sand column from right to left, wherein the grain size is sequentially reduced, and the arrangement distance of temperature sensors is 10 cm; sequentially filling a mixed sand layer, a filter screen layer and a pebble layer in the heterogeneous test sand column according to the grain diameter, wherein the mixed sand is layered from the top to the top of each homogeneous test sand column according to the glass beads in each homogeneous test sand column, the grain diameter is sequentially increased, the filling thickness of each layer of glass beads of the mixed sand is 5cm, the ratio of 4 kinds of grain diameters is 1:1:1:1, and the ratio of the filling thickness of the mixed sand to the thickness of the pebble layer is 5:1, the ratio of the filling thickness of the pebble layer to the filling thickness of the filter screen layer is 10:1, and the arrangement distance of temperature sensors in the heterogeneous test sand column is 10 cm; the reference sand column is filled with a standard sand layer, a filter screen layer and a pebble layer from top to bottom in sequence, the filling thickness ratio of the standard sand layer to the pebble layer is 5:1, and the ratio of the filling thickness of the pebble layer to the filling thickness of the filter screen layer is 10: 1. and a weighing mechanism is arranged at a water outlet of the test sand column to weigh the discharged fluid amount.
Step 2: test group parameter determination: selecting water temperature parameters, taking 5 ℃ as water temperature gradient, and selecting 3 groups of water temperatures: taking the temperature of 35 ℃, 40 ℃ and 45 ℃ as the boundary test temperature on the sand column, namely the control temperature of the constant-temperature water tank; selecting water level difference parameters, taking 20cm as a water level gradient, and selecting 3 groups of water levels: controlling the seepage velocity in the sand column by 150cm, 170cm and 190 cm;
and step 3: setting a test group according to different water temperature parameters and water level parameters in a specific heat conduction and convection dispersion test;
heat transfer each set of tests included the following, step a: adjusting the water level of the water tank to enable the water pressure value of the pressure measuring mechanism to meet the parameter requirements of each group of tests; heating the test fluid in the constant-temperature water tank by using a constant-temperature controller and a heating rod until the temperature is balanced and constant, so that the water temperature meets the required parameters of each group of tests; and B: opening each flow guide valve through a synchronization mechanism, starting timing to enable fluid in a constant-temperature water tank to be in contact with porous media in sand columns, enabling the temperature to enter the test sand columns through heat conduction, simultaneously collecting the temperature of different positions of each test sand column through a temperature sensor, wherein the collection frequency is 1/5 s, and recording temperature data series of different measuring points of each sand column;
each set of tests for convective dispersion included the following, step a: adjusting the water level of the water tank to enable the water pressure value of the pressure measuring mechanism to meet the parameter requirements of each group of tests; heating the test fluid in the constant-temperature water tank by using a constant-temperature controller and a heating rod until the temperature is balanced and constant, so that the water temperature meets the required parameters of each group of tests; and B: opening each flow guide valve through a synchronization mechanism, simultaneously opening the water outlet valves corresponding to all the test sand columns, enabling the fluid in the constant-temperature water tank to enter the sand columns under the action of water level difference, collecting the temperatures of different positions of each test sand column through a temperature sensor, wherein the collection frequency is 1/5 s, and recording the temperature data series of different measuring points of each sand column; c, performing a step; recording the fluid weight in unit time in the test process, selecting 3 frequencies in time intervals according to the outflow condition, and recording the fluid amount Tn and the time s discharged by each sand column;
and 4, step 4: and calculating permeability coefficient, thermal diffusivity and other data.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device realizes the unified control of the fluid in each test sand column through the constant temperature water tank mechanism which can be opened and closed instantly, ensures the consistency of parameters such as time, temperature and the like of the fluid in each test sand column, improves the accuracy of a test data set, has wider structure application range compared with the traditional test sand column structure, and can be suitable for fluid permeation tests, solute migration tests, heat migration tests and the like.
2. The improved support realizes the unified fixation of the test sand columns, the size and the inclination angle of the test sand columns are controllable and convenient to adjust, the test sand columns are not interfered with each other, heat transfer and mass transfer do not occur, the test process is more stable, the contrast of test data is strong, and the test data is more accurate.
3. The constant-temperature heating mechanism is added in the constant-temperature water tank, so that the temperature of fluid in the water tank is ensured to be constant, the accuracy of test data is improved, meanwhile, the fluid circulation driving mechanism arranged on the water tank can ensure the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the fluid in the constant-temperature water tank, and the problems of too fast heat dissipation of the fluid at the edge of the water tank, too high local temperature of the fluid at the heater part and layered distribution of the temperature are solved;
the test sand column adopts a vacuum heat insulation layer structure, overcomes the defect that the requirement of a heat insulation boundary cannot be met by the traditional heat insulation material package, avoids human errors caused by the imprecise package, and has lower influence on heat insulation due to the fixing mode of the sensor; the water and gas separation sealing structure solves the problems of poor sealing effect, incapability of being disassembled, difficult replacement and the like when the traditional sensor is used.
4. The invention adopts a uniform opening and closing mechanism of a sliding bar structure to realize the control of the valve, compared with the uniform control of an electronic valve structure, the mechanical driving stability of the structure is higher, the reaction is more direct, and the stability of the test data is further ensured.
5. The connecting component arranged on the valve seat can conveniently realize the separation of the valve waterway and the test sand column, thereby conveniently realizing the replacement and adjustment of the test sand column.
6. The overflow box can be convenient adjust the water tank water level to the realization is simple and convenient to the hydraulic regulation in experimental sand column top.
7. The glass beads adopted by the invention have high roundness and high controllable particle size, are not easily influenced by parameters such as pressure, temperature, fluid pH value and the like, and can effectively reduce test errors.
8. The invention provides a precisely controlled test system for a semi-infinite aquifer convection dispersion test.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is an overall view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the combination of the water tank and test sand column of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the synchronizing mechanism in the water tank;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a link mechanism;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an electrically driven mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a test sand column;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a heat capacity migration pattern;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing experimental values of thermal diffusivity with analytical contrast curves;
fig. 9 is an analytical fit graph of the measurement position z 1-0.08 m and z 2-0.18 m.
In the figure: 1. a constant temperature water tank; 2. a constant temperature heating rod; 3. an overflow water tank; 3-1, an overflow groove; 4. a support; 5. testing the sand column; 6. a telescopic sleeve; 7-1, a drain pipe; 7-2, a water suction pipe; 7-3, a water pump; 8. a synchronization mechanism; 8-1, a sliding bar; 8-2, a guide groove; 8-3, driving guide grooves; 8-4, a guide seat; 8-5, a sliding seat; 8-6, valve rod; 8-7, fixing a rod; 8-8, a chute; 8-9, drawing a rod; 8-10, a handle rotating seat; 8-11, a driving handle; 8-12, rotating disc; 8-13, arc-shaped groove; 8-14, a piston; 8-15, a guide shell; 8-16 and a return spring.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention is a testing device for seepage, heat conduction and convection dispersion, which mainly comprises a constant temperature water tank, a test sand column array and a series of testing components, wherein the constant temperature water tank and the test sand column array are both arranged on a bracket, the constant temperature water tank is positioned at the top of the test sand column and is connected with the test sand column through a plurality of instantaneous diversion valves;
as shown in fig. 1, the constant temperature water tank is a transparent water tank made of an acrylic material, the diversion valve is located at the bottom of the transparent water tank, four heating rods are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the constant temperature water tank, and the heating rods are powered by a constant temperature control device to generate heat to heat water in the transparent water tank at constant temperature; meanwhile, in order to ensure the uniformity of the temperature of the fluid in the constant-temperature water tank, a fluid driving mechanism is also arranged in the constant-temperature water tank, the fluid driving mechanism is mainly arranged in the middle of the constant-temperature water tank through a water suction pipe arranged in the middle of the constant-temperature water tank, drain pipes are arranged on two sides of the constant-temperature water tank, and the water inlet pipe and the drain pipes are connected through a water pump, so that the continuous circulation and mixed heating of the;
as shown in fig. 1, an overflow water tank is further disposed on one side of the constant temperature water tank, the overflow water tank is connected to the constant temperature water tank through an overflow plate, the overflow plate is provided with an overflow groove, an overflow baffle is fixed in the overflow groove, the overflow baffle can slide along the overflow groove, and the overflow height of the constant temperature water tank can be changed by the position of the top of the overflow baffle relative to the overflow groove, so as to adjust the water pressure at the bottom of the constant temperature water tank;
the diversion valve comprises a valve seat, the valve seat is arranged at the bottom of the constant-temperature water tank, an annular bulge is arranged at the top of the valve seat, a pressing ring is connected on the outer wall of the valve seat in a threaded manner, the pressing ring is matched with the annular bulge to clamp the valve seat on the bottom plate of the constant-temperature water tank, a valve core movable hole is arranged at the central position of the valve seat, a plurality of water discharge holes communicated with the valve core movable hole are processed at the top of the valve seat, a sliding plate for the sliding of the valve rod is arranged at the top of the valve core movable hole, the valve core movable hole is opened or closed by the sliding of the valve rod to realize the closing of the valve, meanwhile, a telescopic sleeve is connected on the side wall of the bottom of the valve seat through threads, the top of the test sand column is provided with a connecting port, and the movable end part of the telescopic sleeve is driven to be tightly pressed on the connecting port through the movement of the telescopic sleeve, so that the communication between the valve and the test sand column is realized;
as shown in fig. 3, the valve rod is driven by a synchronous mechanism to ensure the consistency of the parameters of the fluid time, the temperature and the like of each test sand column; the synchronous mechanism comprises a sliding bar, wherein a driving guide groove and a guide groove are respectively processed on the sliding bar, the axis of the guide groove is a straight line, and the axis of the driving guide groove is step-shaped; a guide seat is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, a slide block A is arranged on the guide seat, and the slide block A is embedded in the driving guide groove; meanwhile, the synchronous mechanism also comprises a fixed plate, the end part of each valve rod is fixed on the fixed plate, the fixed plate is also provided with a sliding seat, the sliding seat is provided with a sliding block B, the sliding block B is embedded in the guide groove, the sliding bar moves upwards to the right or upwards to the left under the drive of the guide groove by driving the sliding bar, and the fixed plate is driven to move upwards and downwards by the sliding bar, so that the uniform opening or closing of the diversion valve is realized;
meanwhile, a sliding hole is arranged on the side wall of the water tank, a sliding groove parallel to the axis of the valve rod is processed on the sliding rod, a pumping rod is connected in the sliding hole in a sliding manner, and one end of the pumping rod is movably connected with the sliding groove through a sliding block C;
in order to improve the convenience of the movement of the drawing rod, the invention also provides two feasible driving structures, wherein, as shown in fig. 4, the first connecting rod type mechanism for manual driving comprises a handle rotating seat arranged on the outer wall of the water tank, a driving handle is rotatably connected on the handle rotating seat, a guide groove is arranged on the driving handle, a sliding block D is arranged at the other end of the drawing rod, the sliding block D is embedded in the guide groove and slides along the guide groove, the movement of the drawing rod can be realized by pulling the driving handle, and meanwhile, the guide groove is used for compensating the difference between the rotating radius of the driving handle and the distance of the rotating axis of the driving handle relative to the position of the sliding block D. The second is for carrying out driven electric drive formula structure through a motor, and electric drive formula mechanism can realize the linkage with experimental data statistics ware, further improves experimental data's accuracy.
As shown in fig. 5, the electrically driven mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a rotating disc is mounted on a rotating shaft of the stepping motor, an arc-shaped groove is processed on the rotating disc, the radian of the arc-shaped groove is less than 90 degrees, and a sliding block E is embedded in the arc-shaped groove; the slide block E is rotatably connected with a connecting rod A which is movably connected with the drawing rod through a return mechanism, the return mechanism comprises a guide shell, a piston is connected in the guide shell in a sliding way, two limit rings are respectively arranged at two axial ends of the guide shell, a connecting rod C and a connecting rod B are respectively vertically fixed at two ends of the piston, wherein the connecting rod B is rotationally connected with the connecting rod A, the connecting rod C is rotationally connected with the drawing rod, a return spring is arranged between one side of the piston provided with the connecting rod B and the limiting ring, the return spring is a relaxation spring, when the return spring is driven, the rotating disc rotates step by step, the slide block E moves from one end of the arc-shaped groove to the other end of the arc-shaped groove, the pumping rod moves under the pulling of the sliding block E so as to open each diversion valve;
when the rotating disc rotates by a certain angle, the sliding block E is driven by the return spring to be pulled back to the other end of the arc-shaped groove from one end of the arc-shaped groove, and meanwhile, the pumping rod is driven by the return spring to return, so that each diversion valve is closed.
As shown in fig. 6, the test sand column is used as a core component of the present invention, the main body of the test sand column is a cylindrical sand column shell, the inner wall of the sand column shell is of a vacuum structure and is formed by combining two concentric acrylic cylinders, a sensor installation tube penetrating through the two acrylic cylinders is installed on the side wall of the test sand column, and the sensor installation tube is hermetically connected with the wall surface of the acrylic cylinders, so that the sealing performance of the vacuum structure of the whole sand column shell is ensured, the sensor is inserted into the test sand column through the sensor installation tube, and the inner wall of the sensor installation tube is further provided with a plurality of sealing rings to prevent the leakage of the water body in the test sand column;
meanwhile, the sensor is a heat sensor, and the acquisition of the temperature of different positions in the test sand column at each time is realized through the acquisition recorder.
The axial both ends at experimental sand column still are connected with the drain pipe, and the drain pipe at every experimental sand column both ends is connected to the both ends of a piezometric pipe to the realization is to the acquireing of the pressure differential between experimental sand column both ends.
In a specific test, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: set up a plurality of homogeneity test sand post, heterogeneous test sand post and control sand post: glass beads, a filter screen layer and a pebble layer are sequentially filled into each homogeneous test sand column from top to bottom, and the ratio of the filling thickness of the glass beads to the thickness of the pebble layer is 5:1, the ratio of the filling thickness of the pebble layer to the filling thickness of the filter screen layer is 10:1, the grain sizes of glass beads filled in each homogeneous test sand column from right to left are sequentially reduced, 8 temperature sensors are arranged from top to bottom, and the distance between the temperature sensors is 10 cm; the method comprises the following steps that mixed sand with the length of n, a filter screen layer and a pebble layer are sequentially filled in each heterogeneous test sand column, the mixed sand is layered from the top to the top of each heterogeneous test sand column according to the glass beads in each homogeneous test sand column, the particle sizes are sequentially increased in an increasing mode, the filling thickness of each layer of glass beads of the mixed sand is 5cm, the ratio of 4 particle sizes is 1:1:1, and the ratio of the filling thickness of the mixed sand to the thickness of the pebble layer is 5:1, the ratio of the filling thickness of the pebble layer to the filling thickness of the filter screen layer is 10:1, and the arrangement distance of temperature sensors in the heterogeneous test sand column is 10 cm; and a standard sand layer, a filter screen layer and a pebble layer are sequentially filled in the contrast sand column from top to bottom, the filling thickness ratio of the standard sand layer to the pebble layer is 5:1, and the ratio of the filling thickness of the pebble layer to the filling thickness of the filter screen layer is 10: 1. And a weighing mechanism is arranged at a water outlet of the test sand column to weigh the discharged fluid amount.
Step 2: test group parameter determination: selecting water temperature parameters, taking 5 ℃ as water temperature gradient, and selecting 3 groups of water temperatures: taking the temperature of 35 ℃, 40 ℃ and 45 ℃ as the boundary test temperature on the sand column, namely the control temperature of the constant-temperature water tank; selecting water level difference parameters, taking 20cm as a water level gradient, and selecting 3 groups of water levels: controlling the seepage velocity in the sand column by 150cm, 170cm and 190 cm;
and step 3: setting a test group according to different water temperature parameters and water level parameters in a specific heat conduction and convection dispersion test;
heat transfer each set of tests included the following, step a: adjusting the water level of the water tank to enable the water pressure value of the pressure measuring mechanism to meet the parameter requirements of each group of tests; heating the test fluid in the constant-temperature water tank by using a constant-temperature controller and a heating rod until the temperature is balanced and constant, so that the water temperature meets the required parameters of each group of tests; and B: opening each flow guide valve through a synchronization mechanism, starting timing to enable fluid in a constant-temperature water tank to be in contact with porous media in sand columns, enabling the temperature to enter the test sand columns through heat conduction, simultaneously collecting the temperature of different positions of each test sand column through a temperature sensor, wherein the collection frequency is 1/5 s, and recording temperature data series of different measuring points of each sand column;
each set of tests for convective dispersion included the following, step a: adjusting the water level of the water tank to enable the water pressure value of the pressure measuring mechanism to meet the parameter requirements of each group of tests; heating the test fluid in the constant-temperature water tank by using a constant-temperature controller and a heating rod until the temperature is balanced and constant, so that the water temperature meets the required parameters of each group of tests; and B: opening each flow guide valve through a synchronization mechanism, simultaneously opening the water outlet valves corresponding to all the test sand columns, enabling the fluid in the constant-temperature water tank to enter the sand columns under the action of water level difference, collecting the temperatures of different positions of each test sand column through a temperature sensor, wherein the collection frequency is 1/5 s, and recording the temperature data series of different measuring points of each sand column; c, performing a step; recording the fluid weight in unit time in the test process, selecting 3 frequencies according to the outflow conditions in the time period, and recording the fluid amount discharged by each sand column as TnTime s;
and 4, step 4: calculating data such as permeability coefficient, thermal diffusivity, etc
The one-dimensional earth pillar model test scheme is divided into two stages:
(a) the heat diffusion rate of the saturated pore aquifer is obtained by utilizing the physical process in a one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction test of the semi-infinite aquifer under a convection-free condition, wherein heat is transmitted in a pure heat conduction mode.
(b) A semi-infinite aquifer one-dimensional unsteady state convection dispersion test under a fixed depth of fall condition aims to provide test verification for establishing a small-scale thermomechanical dispersion model.
The heat migration pattern of the two-stage test is shown in fig. 7.
According to the semi-infinite column model test stage (a), the aquifer is assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, free of internal heat source and free of deformation, instantaneous heat balance exists between the medium framework and the underground water, the aquifer is regarded as an equivalent continuous medium, and the initial temperature is T at the moment when tau is 0 in the graph0Top surface boundary temperature of TsUnder non-seepage conditions, only heat conduction and transfer effects exist in the saturated pore aquifer.
Then the governing equation is
When lambda isAThe mathematical model of one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction of a semi-infinite object in an experiment is expressed as a constant value, without considering heat transfer in x and y directions, as:
order to
Let L [ θ ] be F (z, s) by Laplace transform principle, we obtain:
then with s as a parameter, the equation can become an ordinary differential equation with respect to z:
the general solution form of this equation can be written as:
according to the boundary conditions: when conditions are presentWhen simultaneously satisfied, can obtain:
then inverse Laplace transform is performed to obtainWe getObtaining:
wherein,
in the formula,is dimensionless temperature, Tz,τTemperature, T, at any point in the aquifer at different times0Is the initial temperature, T, in the water-containing layersAt an upper boundary temperature, αcFor thermal diffusivity under thermal conduction, τ is time, erf (η) is an error function, and erfc (η) is a residual error function.
By applying a one-dimensional heat conduction physical model experiment of a semi-infinite object, the thermal diffusivity α is obtained by calculating the test result through analytic parameter fittingcThe heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the experimental material skeleton is obtained by using a probe methodsSeveral effective heat conductivity coefficient models are applied to the calculation of the heat transfer process, and z below the boundary surface of the heat source is selected10.08m and z2Two stations of 0.18 m.
Four sets of analytical solution standard curves are given in fig. 8, which are two sets of test results and analytical solution comparison curves, respectively. From the figure we chose the better fitting test results of the first 400min to calculate the thermal diffusivity.
To obtain thermal diffusivity α of saturated clay layer in earth pillarcThe method is solved by adopting an analytical fitting method, and the model is analyzed and solved intoThe inverse transform may result in:
let f (z, τ) be arcerfc (θ (z, τ)); the equation transforms into:
drawing real measuring points of f (z, tau) according to the test values, fitting the real measuring points by a least square method, and obtaining a fitting curve equation as follows: f (0.08, τ) ═ 72.5276 τ' + 0.001; f (0.08, τ) ═ 16408057 τ' -0.0005
Thus, the slope k of the straight line is obtained, and the thermal diffusivity is calculated as follows:
αc(z1＝0.08)＝3.082×10-7；αc(z2＝0.18)＝2.942×10-7taking the average value αc＝3.012e-7。
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-scale heat migration synchronous monitoring test system comprises a test sand column component, a flow path assembly and a sensing unit;
the experimental sand column fills the infiltration post for porous medium, experimental sand column subassembly is connected on the experimental flow path of flow path assembly, and the array is provided with the sensor array of sensing unit on the experimental sand column, and the sensor array is connected on the data receiving processing module of sensing unit, characterized by: the flow path assembly comprises a constant-temperature and constant-pressure control device, an instantaneous flow guide device and a drainage mechanism, the test sand column assembly comprises a plurality of test sand columns which are arranged in a contrast array, each test sand column comprises a heat insulation shell, the top end of the heat insulation shell of each test sand column is connected to a constant-temperature water tank through the instantaneous flow guide device for flow supply, the bottom of the heat insulation shell is connected to the flow acquisition mechanism of the flow path assembly for drainage, and porous media for fluid to flow are filled in the heat insulation shell of each test sand column;
the sensor array comprises temperature sensors arranged in the test sand column in an array mode, the array axis of each temperature sensor is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the test sand column, a probe of each temperature sensor extends into the porous medium, and the data output end of each temperature sensor is connected to the automatic temperature acquisition system;
pressure measuring mechanisms are further arranged at the two axial ends of the test sand column, and the pressure difference between the two axial ends of the test sand column is obtained through the pressure measuring mechanisms;
the instantaneous flow guide device comprises a plurality of flow guide valves which are arranged at the bottom of the constant-temperature water tank and correspond to the test sand columns, and the driving mechanism of each flow guide valve is synchronously opened or closed through a synchronous mechanism.
2. The multi-scale heat transport synchronous monitoring test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the constant-temperature water tank further comprises a constant-temperature heating rod and a temperature sensor, the heating rod and the temperature sensor are connected through a constant-temperature controller, a fluid mixing mechanism is further arranged in the constant-temperature water tank and comprises a fluid driving mechanism, and fluid is driven to flow in the constant-temperature water tank through the fluid driving mechanism.
3. The multi-scale heat transport synchronous monitoring test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the fluid mixing driving mechanism comprises a water pump, and the fluid near the heating rods on the two sides of the constant-temperature water tank is conveyed to the middle part of the constant-temperature water tank by the driving of the water pump.
4. The multi-scale heat transport synchronous monitoring test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat insulation shell comprises a cylindrical inner tube and a cylindrical outer tube, an annular vacuum area is arranged between the cylindrical inner tube and the cylindrical outer tube, and two axial ends of the heat insulation cavity are sealed by annular partition plates; the array is provided with a plurality of sensor bases on thermal-insulated shell, the sensor base includes the fixed cover of a sensor that runs through cylinder inner tube and cylinder outer tube, sealing connection between the outer wall of the fixed cover of sensor and cylinder inner tube, cylinder outer tube, and the sensor passes through the fixed cover of sensor and inserts experimental sand column middle part.
5. The multi-scale heat transport synchronous monitoring test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the utility model discloses a valve, including the flow guide valve, the flow guide valve includes that one is used for driving the valve rod of valve plug, the lazy susan of connecting each valve rod is provided with step-like drive guide slot and linear guiding groove on the lazy susan, is fixed with a plurality of location sliders at the constant temperature water tank internal fixation, the location slider can be followed the drive guide slot and slided be provided with a drive slider on the valve rod, the guide slot can be followed to the drive slider and slided, removes through the removal of drive lazy susan for the lazy susan takes place to reciprocate under the drive of drive guide slot, drives the valve.
6. The multi-scale heat transport synchronous monitoring test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flow guide valve comprises a valve seat penetrating through a bottom plate of the constant-temperature water tank, a connecting assembly is arranged at the bottom of the valve seat and comprises a connecting sleeve sleeved outside the valve seat, the connecting sleeve is movably connected with a valve sleeve, a sealing end face corresponding to the top of the test sand column is arranged at one end of the connecting sleeve, a sealing ring is arranged on the sealing end face, and when the sealing end face is in sealing connection with the top of the test sand column, the flow guide valve is communicated with the test sand column through a flow passage.
7. The multi-scale heat transport synchronous monitoring test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the constant temperature water tank also comprises an overflow tank, overflow is carried out between the overflow tank and the constant temperature water tank through an overflow trough, an overflow baffle is arranged in the overflow trough, and the height of the overflow trough is controlled through the sliding of the overflow baffle, so that the water level height of the constant temperature water tank is controlled.
8. The multi-scale heat transport synchronous monitoring test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and glass beads with different diameters are filled in the test sand columns.
9. A multi-scale heat transport synchronous monitoring test system test method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: set up a plurality of homogeneity test sand post, heterogeneous test sand post and control sand post: glass beads, a filter screen layer and a pebble layer are sequentially filled into each homogeneous test sand column from top to bottom, and the ratio of the filling thickness of the glass beads to the thickness of the pebble layer is 5:1, the ratio of the filling thickness of the pebble layer to the filling thickness of the filter screen layer is 10:1, filling glass beads in each homogeneous test sand column from right to left, wherein the grain size is sequentially reduced, and the arrangement distance of temperature sensors is 10 cm; sequentially filling a mixed sand layer, a filter screen layer and a pebble layer in the heterogeneous test sand column according to the grain diameter, wherein the mixed sand is layered from the top to the top of each homogeneous test sand column according to the glass beads in each homogeneous test sand column, the grain diameter is sequentially increased, the filling thickness of each layer of glass beads of the mixed sand is 5cm, the ratio of 4 kinds of grain diameters is 1:1:1:1, and the ratio of the filling thickness of the mixed sand to the thickness of the pebble layer is 5:1, the ratio of the filling thickness of the pebble layer to the filling thickness of the filter screen layer is 10:1, and the arrangement distance of temperature sensors in the heterogeneous test sand column is 10 cm; the reference sand column is filled with a standard sand layer, a filter screen layer and a pebble layer from top to bottom in sequence, the filling thickness ratio of the standard sand layer to the pebble layer is 5:1, and the ratio of the filling thickness of the pebble layer to the filling thickness of the filter screen layer is 10: 1;
a weighing mechanism is arranged at a water outlet of the test sand column to weigh the discharged fluid volume;
step 2: test group parameter determination: selecting water temperature parameters, taking 5 ℃ as a water temperature gradient, and selecting 3 groups of water temperatures: taking the temperature of 35 ℃, 40 ℃ and 45 ℃ as the upper boundary test temperature of the sand column, namely the control temperature of the constant-temperature water tank; selecting water level difference parameters, taking 20cm as a water level gradient, and selecting 3 groups of water levels: controlling the seepage velocity in the sand column by 150cm, 170cm and 190 cm;
and step 3: setting a test group according to different water temperature parameters and water level parameters in a specific heat conduction and convection dispersion test;
heat transfer each set of tests included the following, step a: adjusting the water level of the water tank to enable the water pressure value of the pressure measuring mechanism to meet the parameter requirements of each group of tests; heating the test fluid in the constant-temperature water tank by using a constant-temperature controller and a heating rod until the temperature is balanced and constant, so that the water temperature meets the required parameters of each group of tests; and B: opening each flow guide valve through a synchronization mechanism, starting timing to enable fluid in a constant-temperature water tank to be in contact with porous media in sand columns, enabling the temperature to enter the test sand columns through heat conduction, simultaneously collecting the temperature of different positions of each test sand column through a temperature sensor, wherein the collection frequency is 1/5 s, and recording temperature data series of different measuring points of each sand column;
each set of tests for convective dispersion included the following, step a: adjusting the water level of the water tank to enable the water pressure value of the pressure measuring mechanism to meet the parameter requirements of each group of tests; heating the test fluid in the constant-temperature water tank by using a constant-temperature controller and a heating rod until the temperature is balanced and constant, so that the water temperature meets the required parameters of each group of tests; and B: opening each flow guide valve through a synchronization mechanism, simultaneously opening the water outlet valves corresponding to all the test sand columns, enabling the fluid in the constant-temperature water tank to enter the sand columns under the action of water level difference, collecting the temperatures of different positions of each test sand column through a temperature sensor, wherein the collection frequency is 1/5 s, and recording the temperature data series of different measuring points of each sand column; c, performing a step; recording the fluid weight in unit time in the test process, selecting 3 frequencies according to the outflow conditions in the time period, and recording the fluid amount discharged by each sand column as TnTime s;
and 4, step 4: and calculating permeability coefficient, thermal diffusivity and other data.
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