CN106240398B - High temperature superconducting maglev system and maglev train - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system and a magnetic levitation train. The high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system includes: a magnetic levitation mechanism, which includes a track made of permanent magnets, a low-temperature container arranged above the track, and a low-temperature container arranged on the track. The superconducting block layer in the cryogenic container, wherein the upper surface of the superconducting block layer corresponding to the dominant region of the horizontal magnetic field of the track is covered with a layer of ferromagnetic material; the buffer mechanism is arranged between the frame and the between the cryogenic containers to slow down the movement of the frame in the vertical direction. In the present invention, the ferromagnetic substance is arranged above the guide block, so that the guiding force of the vehicle is significantly improved, thereby improving the overall performance of the vehicle.

Description

High temperature superconducting maglev system and maglev train

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature superconducting maglev, in particular to a high-temperature superconducting maglev system and a maglev train equipped with the high-temperature superconducting maglev system.

Background technique

High-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology, due to the unique magnetic flux pinning characteristics of high-temperature superconductors, has the advantage of non-self-stabilized levitation, and has shown good application prospects in the fields of frictionless bearings, flywheel energy storage, and rail transit. Among them, the birth of the world's first manned high-temperature superconducting maglev test vehicle in my country in 2000 demonstrated the great attraction of high-temperature superconducting maglev technology in future new (high-speed, environmental protection, comfortable, etc.) rail vehicles, arousing the international community. extensive attention. At present, Germany, Russia, Brazil, Japan and other countries have developed high-temperature superconducting maglev vehicle prototypes, and all countries are working hard to promote the practical process of high-temperature superconducting maglev vehicles. How to further improve the performance of the existing high-temperature superconducting maglev vehicle system has become one of the technical priorities.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system and a magnetic levitation train having the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system. The high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system can improve the guiding performance of the magnetic levitation, and has good damping performance.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system, comprising: a magnetic levitation mechanism, which includes a track made of permanent magnets, a low-temperature container arranged above the track, and a superconducting block layer arranged in the low-temperature container, wherein the The upper surface of the superconducting block layer corresponding to the dominant region of the horizontal magnetic field of the track is covered with a layer of ferromagnetic material; the buffer mechanism is arranged between the frame and the cryogenic container to slow down the vertical movement of the frame. direction of movement.

Preferably, the ferromagnetic substance is a high magnetic permeability material.

Preferably, the ferromagnetic substance is an iron plate.

Preferably, the thickness of the iron plate is 1 mm.

Preferably, the superconducting block layer is formed by arranging a plurality of superconducting blocks along the width direction of the track, and the ferromagnetic substance covers the upper surface of the superconducting block corresponding to the dominant region of the horizontal magnetic field of the track.

Preferably, the buffer mechanism comprises a cylinder fixed on the upper part of the low temperature container, a piston arranged in a chamber of the cylinder and dividing the chambers into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and a fixed upper end On the frame, the lower end extends into the piston rod connecting the cylinder and the piston; wherein: the piston is provided with an inlet and an outlet respectively corresponding to the upper chamber and the lower chamber. The first one-way valve and the inlet and the outlet respectively correspond to the second one-way valve communicated with the lower chamber and the upper chamber.

Preferably, the upper chamber and the lower chamber are respectively provided with an upper damping spring and a lower damping spring.

The invention also discloses a magnetic levitation train, which includes a frame and the above-mentioned high-temperature superconducting maglev system arranged between the frame and the track.

Compared with the prior art, the high-temperature superconducting maglev system and the maglev train of the present invention have the beneficial effects that: the present invention arranges the ferromagnetic material above the guide block, so that the guiding force of the vehicle is significantly improved, thereby improving the overall performance of the vehicle.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the high temperature superconducting magnetic suspension system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution of the permanent magnet track without introducing ferromagnetic material above the superconducting block;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution of a permanent magnet track with a ferromagnetic material introduced above the superconducting block;

Fig. 4 Influence of the introduction of ferromagnetic material above the horizontal magnetized block in the center of the track on the magnetic field distribution of the permanent magnet track;

Figure 5. Distribution of normal and tangential magnetic field components at 15mm of the track surface after introducing ferromagnetic material above the horizontal magnetized block at the center of the track;

Fig. 6 is the levitation force curve of the superconducting block at the center of the permanent magnet track with and without the introduction of ferromagnetic substances;

Fig. 7 is the guiding force curve of the superconducting block at the center of the permanent magnet track with and without the introduction of ferromagnetic substances;

FIG. 8 is a partial A view of FIG. 1 .

In the picture:

10-track; 20-low temperature container; 30-superconducting block layer; 31-superconducting block; 32-ferromagnetic substance; 40-buffering mechanism; 41-cylinder; 42-piston; 43-piston rod; 44-lower Shock spring; 45 - first check valve; 46 - second check valve; 47 - upper shock spring; 50 - frame.

Detailed ways

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a preferred embodiment of the present invention discloses a high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system, and the high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system can be applied to a rail 10 traffic vehicle but is not limited to this. The high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system includes a magnetic levitation mechanism and a buffer mechanism 40. The magnetic levitation mechanism is used to provide the vehicle with a levitation force and a guiding force so that the vehicle can travel under a certain load, and the buffer mechanism 40 is used to slow down the vehicle in the vertical direction. Movement to cushion the vibrations of the vehicle during driving. The magnetic levitation mechanism specifically includes a track 10 made of permanent magnets, a cryogenic container 20 and a plurality of superconducting blocks 31 . The superconducting block layer 30 is formed by arranging along the width direction of the track 10. The key of the present invention is: covering a layer of ferromagnetic material 32 on the upper surface of the superconducting block layer 30 corresponding to the dominant region of the horizontal magnetic field of the track 10, Preferably, the ferromagnetic substance 32 is a material with high magnetic permeability, more preferably an iron plate with a thickness of 1 mm.

Since the Lorentz force (levitation force or guiding force) F=∫J×Bdv obtained by the superconducting block 31 is closely related to the magnetic field at its location, if the magnetic field at its location can be improved, it may bring about a decrease in the magnetic levitation performance. improve. The present invention guides the distribution of magnetic lines of force by introducing ferromagnetic substances 32 (such as iron plates) into the superconducting block 31, thereby improving the performance of the high-temperature superconducting magnetic suspension system. 2 shows the magnetic field distribution of the permanent magnet track above the superconducting block 31 without introducing the ferromagnetic material 32 , and FIG. 3 shows the magnetic field distribution of the permanent magnet track with the ferromagnetic material 32 introduced above the superconducting block 31 .

In the experiment, an ordinary iron plate was selected as the ferromagnetic material 32 , and the added iron plate was directly fixed on the upper surface of the superconducting block 31 for the purpose of improving the magnetic field at the position of the superconducting block 31 . At the same time, considering that the introduced iron plate will have an obvious attraction with the permanent magnet track, which is not good for suspension, the thickness of the iron plate should not be too thick, so the iron plate with a thickness of 1mm is selected.

It can be verified from the experimental results that after the iron plate is introduced above the superconducting block 31, the levitation force will decrease due to the strong attraction between the iron plate and the permanent magnet track above the superconducting block 31, and the larger the size of the iron plate, the higher the suspension force. The more the force decreases; the guiding force increases at the same time.

Figures 4 and 5 respectively show the influence of the introduction of ferromagnetic material 32 on the magnetic field distribution of the permanent magnet track and the distribution of the 15mm normal and tangential magnetic field components on the surface of the horizontal magnetized block at the center of the track. In the corresponding case, the superconducting block 31 The levitation force and guiding force curves are shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the introduction of the ferromagnetic material 32 still brings about the reduction of the levitation force. At the lowest test distance of 10mm, after the introduction of the ferromagnetic substance 32, the maximum suspension force dropped from 92.1N to 78.7N, a decrease of 14%. In the guiding force curve of Fig. 7, the introduction of the ferromagnetic material 32 brings about an improvement in guiding performance. At the maximum lateral offset of 5 mm, the maximum guiding force increases from -20.3N to -30.4N, an increase of 50%. . It can be seen that the introduction of the ferromagnetic substance 32 has a more significant positive impact on the guiding force than the negative impact on the levitation force. This method of introduction has certain advantages for specific applications where improved guiding force is required. Therefore, the present invention has a significant contribution to the improvement of the guiding force of the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system.

For the case where the high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system is applied to the vehicle, although the magnetic force between the track 10 and the superconducting block 31 can provide a partial buffering effect for the vibration of the vehicle, it is necessary to minimize the vibration of the vehicle to the greatest extent. The buffer mechanism 40 is separately installed, which is also the reason why the buffer system is introduced into the high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system in the present invention.

The structure or composition of the buffer mechanism 40 with shock absorbing effect can be various, such as a shock absorbing spring, that is, a shock absorbing spring is arranged between the low temperature container 20 and the vehicle frame 50, and the shock absorbing spring is used to elastically deform when subjected to mechanical force. It acts as a shock absorber for the vehicle. However, there are at least two defects in the shock-absorbing spring: first, the shock-absorbing spring can play a significant buffering effect on the vertical downward movement of the vehicle during the vibration process, while for the vertical upward movement of the vehicle during the vibration process When the shock absorber spring is not strong against the vertical upward movement of the vehicle (the shock absorber spring has a good compression effect, but a poor tension effect), the buffer effect is not strong; It is easy to fail due to elastic deformation, or even fatigue damage, which in turn leads to weakening or even failure of the buffering effect.

In order to improve the shock absorption performance of the vehicle, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a buffer mechanism 40 with excellent shock absorption effect, as shown in FIG. 8 and in conjunction with FIG. The upper cylinder 41, the piston 42 arranged in the chamber of the cylinder 41 and dividing the chambers into an upper chamber (with hydraulic medium provided in the upper chamber) and a lower chamber (with hydraulic medium provided in the lower chamber), and The upper end is fixed on the frame 50, and the lower end extends into the piston rod 43 connecting the cylinder 41 and the piston 42. The upper and lower chambers are respectively provided with an upper damping spring 47 and a lower damping spring 44. Wherein: the piston 42 is provided with a first one-way valve 45 whose inlet and outlet correspond to the upper chamber and the lower chamber respectively, and a second one-way valve 46 whose inlet and outlet correspond to the lower chamber and the upper chamber respectively , and the conducting pressure condition of the second check valve 46 is set so that when the piston rod 43 and the piston 42 bear the gravity of the entire vehicle, the second check valve 46 is still in a closed state, and when the bearing force is greater than the gravity of the vehicle At a certain value, the second check valve 46 is turned on, and the conduction condition for the first check valve 45 can be set to any pressure value.

The reason why the above-mentioned buffer mechanism 40 can act as a shock absorber is that when the vehicle does not vibrate in the vertical direction, the hydraulic medium in the lower chamber has a certain pressure due to the gravity of the entire vehicle, and the second single element on the piston 42 has a certain pressure. The check valve 46 is closed because the conduction condition is not reached, and the first check valve 45 has a check function, so that the hydraulic medium in the lower chamber cannot enter the upper check valve through the first check valve 45 and the second check valve 46. chamber, so that the piston rod 43 remains stationary in the vertical direction, and the vehicle runs smoothly in the horizontal direction. When for some reason (for example, the track 10 is unevenly laid), the walking part (such as the cryogenic container 20 and the superconducting block 31 ) under the cylinder 41 vibrates in the vertical direction, and when the walking part suddenly moves vertically upward, The hydraulic medium in the lower chamber is squeezed by the piston 42 and the pressure rises. When the pressure rises to the conduction condition of the second one-way valve 46, the second one-way valve 46 is turned on, and the hydraulic medium in the lower chamber passes through The second one-way valve 46 enters the upper chamber, the cylinder 41 moves upward with the running part, the running part and the cylinder 41 will not drive the piston 42, the piston rod 43 and the vehicle to move upward, or the piston 42, the piston rod 43 and the vehicle move slowly When the walking part moves vertically downward suddenly, the hydraulic medium in the upper chamber is squeezed by the piston 42 and the pressure rises. When the pressure rises to the level of the first one-way valve 45 In the conduction condition, the first one-way valve 45 is turned on, the hydraulic medium in the upper chamber enters the lower chamber through the first one-way valve 45, the cylinder block 41 moves downward with the walking part, and the walking part and the cylinder block 41 do not. The piston 42 , the piston rod 43 and the vehicle are driven to move downward or the piston 42 , the piston rod 43 and the vehicle are moved downward slowly, so as to achieve the purpose of buffering.

The above-mentioned buffer mechanism 40 uses hydraulic medium to flow between the upper chamber and the lower chamber under the control of the first check valve 45 and the second check valve 46 , so that the cylinder 41 and the piston rod 43 form relative motion, and then Compared with the shock absorption method of the shock absorber spring, this hydraulic shock absorption method has the characteristics of soft buffering, and more importantly, it does not have the defect of elastic failure, and can overcome the vertical upward movement of the shock absorber spring. The defect of the vehicle buffering effect is not good.

The conduction condition of the second one-way valve 46 can be explained as follows: when the vehicle runs smoothly, the second one-way valve 46 must be kept disconnected, only in this way can the hydraulic medium in the lower chamber support the vehicle, and when the vehicle is running smoothly When the walking part moves up suddenly, the piston 42 squeezes the lower chamber, and the pressure of the hydraulic medium in the lower chamber is higher than the pressure when the vehicle runs smoothly. At a certain pressure value, when the walking part moves upward to a certain extent, the second one-way valve 46 is turned on.

It can be seen from the above explanation that the closer the conduction condition set by the second check valve 46 is to the pressure of the hydraulic medium in the lower chamber when the vehicle runs smoothly, the better the buffering effect of the buffer mechanism 40 is.

In order to further improve the shock absorption effect of the buffer mechanism 40, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an upper shock absorbing spring 47 and a lower shock absorbing spring 44 are respectively arranged in the upper chamber and the lower chamber. There are two kinds of shock absorption methods: mode and mechanical mode, which greatly improves the shock absorption effect of the vehicle.

In addition, the present invention also discloses a maglev train, which includes a vehicle frame 50 and the above-mentioned high-temperature superconducting maglev system disposed between the vehicle frame 50 and the track 10 .

The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent replacements to the present invention within the spirit and protection scope of the present invention, and such modifications or equivalent replacements should also be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system, is characterized in that, comprises: A magnetic levitation mechanism comprising a track made of permanent magnets, a cryocontainer disposed above the track, and a superconducting block layer disposed in the cryocontainer, wherein in a region corresponding to a dominant region of a horizontal magnetic field of the track The upper surface of the superconducting block layer is covered with a layer of ferromagnetic material; a buffer mechanism, which is arranged between the frame and the cryogenic container to slow down the vertical movement of the frame; The buffer mechanism includes a cylinder fixed on the upper part of the low temperature container, a piston arranged in the chamber of the cylinder and forming the chamber into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and an upper end fixed on the cylinder. On the frame, the lower end extends into the piston rod connecting the cylinder body and the piston; wherein: The piston is provided with a first one-way valve whose inlet and outlet are respectively communicated with the upper chamber and the lower chamber, and an inlet and an outlet which are respectively communicated with the lower chamber and the upper chamber. the second one-way valve; and the conducting pressure condition of the second one-way valve is set so that when the piston rod and the piston bear the gravity of the entire vehicle, the second one-way valve is still in a closed state, and when the bearing force is greater than that of the vehicle When the gravity is a certain value, the second one-way valve is turned on, and the conduction condition of the first one-way valve is set to any pressure value. 2 . The high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system according to claim 1 , wherein the ferromagnetic material is a material with high magnetic permeability. 3 . 3 . The high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system according to claim 1 , wherein the ferromagnetic material is an iron plate. 4 . 4. The high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the iron plate is 1 mm. 5 . The high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system according to claim 1 , wherein the superconducting block layer is formed by arranging a plurality of superconducting blocks along the width direction of the track, and the ferromagnetic material is covered with the The dominant region of the horizontal magnetic field of the track corresponds to the upper surface of the superconducting block. 6 . The high temperature superconducting magnetic levitation system of claim 1 , wherein the upper chamber and the lower chamber are respectively provided with an upper damping spring and a lower damping spring. 7 . 7 . A maglev train comprising a vehicle frame, characterized in that, further comprising the high-temperature superconducting maglev system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 arranged between the vehicle frame and the track. 8 .