CN106229014A - A kind of integrated control method of modern high power fusion power-supply system - Google Patents
A kind of integrated control method of modern high power fusion power-supply system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种现代大功率聚变电源系统的集成控制方法，通过耦合磁体多变量反馈解耦控制计算每个超导线圈所需控制量，进行单磁体负载回路控制；采用最小无功功率控制，计算为单磁体负载供电的变流器电源系统所消耗的无功功率最小时，各个变流器单元的控制量；利用四象限运行控制器，对聚变电源系统每个变流器单元进行四象限有环流控制；采用串联顺序控制对多个串联的变流器单元进行安全启动及退出控制；根据各变流器单元的控制量和各变流器单元的运行模式，采用无功预测控制，对该电源的无功功率进行预测计算；最后，对无功补偿系统进行控制。采用该集成控制策略，对电源系统的有效可靠控制，可以解决大电感、强耦合负载磁体电源系统控制问题。
The invention discloses an integrated control method of a modern high-power fusion power supply system, which calculates the required control amount of each superconducting coil through multivariable feedback decoupling control of a coupled magnet, and performs single-magnet load loop control; adopts minimum reactive power control , to calculate the control amount of each converter unit when the reactive power consumed by the converter power system supplying power to a single magnet load is the smallest; use the four-quadrant operation controller to perform four quadrants on each converter unit of the fusion power system The quadrant has circulating current control; the series sequence control is adopted to carry out safe start-up and exit control of multiple series-connected converter units; according to the control amount of each converter unit and the operation mode of each converter unit, reactive power predictive control is adopted, The reactive power of the power supply is predicted and calculated; finally, the reactive power compensation system is controlled. Using the integrated control strategy, the effective and reliable control of the power system can solve the problem of large inductance, strong coupling load magnet power system control.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及聚变电源系统控制方法领域，具体是一种现代大功率聚变电源系统的集成控制方法。The invention relates to the field of control methods for fusion power supply systems, in particular to an integrated control method for modern high-power fusion power supply systems.
背景技术Background technique
聚变能具有资源无限，不污染环境等优点，是目前认识到的可以最终解决人类社会能源问题和环境问题的重要途径之一，已成为世界各国科学家的研究重点。四象限运行变流电源系统作为聚变装置的关键系统之一，为等离子体的产生、约束、维持和加热提供必要的工程基础和控制手段。Fusion energy has the advantages of unlimited resources and no environmental pollution. It is currently recognized as one of the important ways to finally solve the energy and environmental problems of human society, and has become the research focus of scientists from all over the world. As one of the key systems of the fusion device, the four-quadrant operation variable current power supply system provides the necessary engineering foundation and control means for the generation, confinement, maintenance and heating of plasma.
聚变电源系统负载为数十个超导线圈系统，各线圈之间相互强耦合；聚变电源装机容量数千兆瓦，运行时带来千兆乏快速变化（毫秒级）的无功，对电网形成巨大的冲击；聚变电源系统要满足四象限运行且电流平滑过零的设计需求。因此设计聚变电源的控制系统时面临以下关键问题：The load of the fusion power supply system is dozens of superconducting coil systems, and the coils are strongly coupled to each other; the installed capacity of the fusion power supply is several thousand megawatts, and it will bring gigavars of rapidly changing (milliseconds) reactive power during operation, which will form a negative impact on the power grid. Huge impact; the fusion power system must meet the design requirements of four-quadrant operation and smooth zero-crossing of the current. Therefore, when designing the control system of the fusion power supply, the following key issues are faced:
1） 在通过控制超导线圈磁场对等离子体进行控制时，由于线圈之间的强耦合特性导致传统控制方法无法对各个超导线圈上的电流进行独立有效控制。1) When the plasma is controlled by controlling the magnetic field of superconducting coils, the traditional control method cannot independently and effectively control the current on each superconducting coil due to the strong coupling characteristics between the coils.
2） 根据对等离子体控制的要求可知，聚变电源系统需要输出双极性电压及电流来满足对等离子体的控制；由于聚变电源系统的负载为超导线圈，需要使线圈电流平滑过零，避免线圈过压造成磁体线圈损坏。2) According to the requirements for plasma control, the fusion power system needs to output bipolar voltage and current to meet the control of the plasma; since the load of the fusion power system is a superconducting coil, it is necessary to make the coil current cross zero smoothly to avoid Magnet coil damage due to coil overvoltage.
3） 聚变电源系统的输出电流大小由等离子体的运行状况来决定，电流大小及方向总是在时刻变化的，所以在运行时，往往会产生千瓦乏快速变化的无功功率，不仅影响电能的质量，甚至会对电网稳定性构成严重威胁，需要尽可能的减小系统的无功功率，解决电网的接入问题。3) The output current of the fusion power system is determined by the operating conditions of the plasma, and the magnitude and direction of the current are always changing. Therefore, during operation, rapidly changing reactive power of kilowatts is often generated, which not only affects the quality, and even pose a serious threat to the stability of the grid, it is necessary to reduce the reactive power of the system as much as possible to solve the problem of grid access.
目前针对聚变电源上述关键问题，虽然都分别有一定的研究，但是还没有一套完整的聚变电源集成控制方法来解决所有关键问题。如何将解决不同关键问题的控制方法进行整合，形成一种现代大功率聚变电源系统的集成控制方法，用于聚变电源系统的设计是极其重要的。At present, although there are certain studies on the above key issues of fusion power, there is still no complete integrated control method for fusion power to solve all the key issues. How to integrate the control methods for solving different key problems to form an integrated control method for modern high-power fusion power system is extremely important for the design of fusion power system.
发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种现代大功率聚变电源系统的集成控制方法，用于解决强耦合负载之间的解耦，单个变流器单元的四象限大功率运行控制，千瓦乏快速变化的无功功率以及电网接入等聚变电源控制系统设计时面临的所有关键问题。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated control method for a modern high-power fusion power supply system, which is used to solve the decoupling between strongly coupled loads, the four-quadrant high-power operation control of a single converter unit, and the rapid change of kilowatt var All the key issues faced in the design of fusion power control system such as reactive power and grid access.
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种现代大功率聚变电源系统的集成控制方法，该聚变电源系统具有作为负载的多个大电感强耦合超导线圈，以及由四象限运行控制器控制的多个变流器单元构成的动态四象限运行变流系统，该聚变电源系统输出功率巨大，输出双极性电压及电流且输出电压时刻快速变化，系统运行产生千瓦乏快速变化的无功功率，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：An integrated control method for a modern high-power fusion power system, the fusion power system has multiple large-inductance strong-coupling superconducting coils as loads, and a dynamic quadrant composed of multiple converter units controlled by a four-quadrant operation controller. Quadrant operation converter system, the fusion power system has a huge output power, outputs bipolar voltage and current and the output voltage changes rapidly at all times, and the system operation produces kilowatts of rapidly changing reactive power, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
（1）、根据等离子体控制需求，通过耦合磁体多变量反馈解耦控制计算每个超导线圈所需控制量，进行单磁体负载回路控制；(1) According to the requirements of plasma control, the control quantity required for each superconducting coil is calculated through the multivariable feedback decoupling control of the coupled magnet, and the single magnet load loop control is performed;
（2）、根据步骤（1）的结果，采用最小无功功率控制，计算为单磁体负载供电的变流器电源系统所消耗的无功功率最小时，各个变流器单元的控制量；(2) According to the result of step (1), the minimum reactive power control is used to calculate the control amount of each converter unit when the reactive power consumed by the converter power supply system supplying power to a single magnet load is the smallest;
（3）、根据步骤（2）的结果，利用四象限运行控制器，对聚变电源系统的每个变流器单元进行四象限有环流控制；(3), according to the result of step (2), use the four-quadrant operation controller to perform four-quadrant circulating current control on each converter unit of the fusion power system;
（4）、采用串联顺序控制对多个串联的变流器单元进行安全启动及退出控制；(4) Using series sequence control to safely start and exit multiple series-connected converter units;
（5）、根据步骤（2）和步骤（3）的结果，即各变流器单元的控制量和各变流器单元的运行模式，采用无功预测控制，对该电源的无功功率进行预测计算；(5) According to the results of step (2) and step (3), that is, the control amount of each converter unit and the operation mode of each converter unit, adopt reactive power predictive control to control the reactive power of the power supply predictive computing;
（6）、根据步骤（5）的结果，对无功补偿系统进行控制(6) According to the result of step (5), control the reactive power compensation system
本发明有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
采用该聚变电源系统的集成控制方法，解决大电感、强耦合负载聚变电源系统控制问题，大幅度降低系统无功功率消耗，提高聚变电源系统稳定性及无功补偿系统的响应速度，解决电源与电网兼容性问题，进行聚变电源系统的有效可靠控制。The integrated control method of the fusion power supply system is adopted to solve the control problem of the fusion power supply system with large inductance and strong coupling load, greatly reduce the reactive power consumption of the system, improve the stability of the fusion power supply system and the response speed of the reactive power compensation system, and solve the problem of power supply and Power grid compatibility issues, effective and reliable control of fusion power system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1 现代大功率聚变电源系统的集成控制方法。Fig. 1 Integrated control method of modern high-power fusion power system.
图2 EAST装置耦合磁体多变量反馈解耦控制后12个线圈电流波形。Fig. 2 Current waveforms of 12 coils after multivariable feedback decoupling control of coupled magnets in EAST device.
图3 采用最小无功功率控制前后系统无功功率的实际测量波形对比。Fig. 3 Comparison of actual measured waveforms of system reactive power before and after minimum reactive power control.
图4 EAST超导线圈PF7电源变流器单元四象限有环流运行波形。Figure 4. Four-quadrant running waveform of EAST superconducting coil PF7 power converter unit with circulating current.
图5 EAST极向场电源3个变流器单元串联启动波形。Figure 5. Start-up waveforms of three converter units connected in series in EAST poloidal field power supply.
图6 EAST极向场电源3个变流器单元串联退出波形。Fig.6 The exit waveform of three converter units connected in series in EAST polar field power supply.
图7 采用无功预测控制计算所得系统无功功率。Fig. 7 The reactive power of the system calculated by reactive power predictive control.
图8未投入无功补偿装置网侧无功波形。Figure 8 shows the reactive power waveform of the grid side without the reactive power compensation device.
图9投入无功补偿装置网侧无功波形。Figure 9 shows the grid-side reactive waveform of the input reactive power compensation device.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了更好地理解本发明的技术方案，以下结合附图对本发明的实施方式进一步描述：现代大功率聚变电源系统的集成控制方法见图1。In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: The integrated control method of a modern high-power fusion power supply system is shown in FIG. 1 .
以EAST聚变装置极向场电源系统为例，EAST极向场电源系统共有12套电源分别为12组极向场超导线圈PF1-PF12供电。Taking the poloidal field power supply system of the EAST fusion device as an example, the EAST poloidal field power supply system has 12 sets of power supplies for 12 sets of poloidal field superconducting coils PF1-PF12 respectively.
1）根据等离子体控制，对超导耦合线圈负载PF1-PF12进行解耦控制，解耦后得到每个超导线圈所需的电流控制量。耦合磁体多变量反馈解耦控制后，12个线圈的电流波形ps1idc1~ps12idc1如图2所示。由图可知经过多变量解耦控制，所得的单磁体负载所需的控制量可以实现单磁体负载回路控制。1) According to the plasma control, the decoupling control of the superconducting coupling coil load PF1-PF12 is carried out, and the current control amount required by each superconducting coil is obtained after decoupling. After the multivariable feedback decoupling control of the coupled magnet, the current waveforms ps1idc1~ps12idc1 of the 12 coils are shown in Figure 2. It can be seen from the figure that after multivariable decoupling control, the obtained control quantity required by the single magnet load can realize the single magnet load loop control.
2）根据单磁体负载所需的控制量，采用最小无功功率控制，计算为单磁体供电的变流器电源系统所消耗的无功功率最小时，各个变流器单元的控制量。采用最小无功功率控制，可以减小EAST极向场电源系统3个变流器单元串联的运行系统的无功功率。最小无功功率控制就是将其中3个变流器单元中的2个变流器单元的电压根据需要设置为该变流器单元输出电压的极值，同时保证3个变流器单元串联的总电压可以跟随给定的参考电压。图3为采用最小无功功率控制前后系统无功功率的实际测量波形对比，采用最小无功功率控制后，3个变流器单元串联电源系统的无功功率消耗大幅度减小。2) According to the control quantity required by the single magnet load, the minimum reactive power control is used to calculate the control quantity of each converter unit when the reactive power consumed by the converter power supply system powered by the single magnet is minimum. Using the minimum reactive power control can reduce the reactive power of the operating system in which three converter units are connected in series in the EAST poloidal field power supply system. The minimum reactive power control is to set the voltage of two of the three converter units to the extreme value of the output voltage of the converter unit as required, while ensuring the total output voltage of the three converter units in series. The voltage can follow a given reference voltage. Figure 3 is a comparison of the actual measured waveforms of system reactive power before and after the minimum reactive power control is adopted. After the minimum reactive power control is adopted, the reactive power consumption of the power system with three converter units in series is greatly reduced.
3）根据单磁体负载所需的控制量，最小无功功率控制，计算所得的各个变流器单元的控制量。利用四象限运行控制器，对聚变电源系统的每个变流器单元进行四象限有环流控制。电源系统输出双极性的电流及电压且线圈电流平滑过零，每个变流器单元均采用了相控变流器的四象限有环流控制。图4为超导线圈PF7的供电变流器单元的四象限有环流运行波形图，其中ps7idc1为PF7超导线圈供电的总电流，ps7idccu1c1，ps7idccu1c2，ps7idccu2c1，ps7idccu2c2为变流器单元的四个桥电流。由图4可知，变流器单元可以根据需求输出双极性电压及电流，实现四象限有环流控制，线圈负载电流平滑过零。3) Calculate the control quantity of each converter unit according to the control quantity required by the single magnet load and the minimum reactive power control. A four-quadrant operating controller is used to perform four-quadrant circulating current control on each converter unit of the fusion power system. The power supply system outputs bipolar current and voltage, and the coil current crosses zero smoothly. Each converter unit adopts the four-quadrant circulating current control of the phase-controlled converter. Figure 4 is the four-quadrant circulating current operation waveform diagram of the power supply converter unit of the superconducting coil PF7, where ps7idc1 is the total current supplied by the PF7 superconducting coil, ps7idccu1c1, ps7idccu1c2, ps7idccu2c1, and ps7idccu2c2 are the four bridges of the converter unit current. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the converter unit can output bipolar voltage and current according to the demand, realize four-quadrant circulating current control, and the coil load current crosses zero smoothly.
4）EAST极向场电源系统中，采用了将3个变流器单元串联的方式，对极向场超导线圈进行供电。采用了串联顺序控制对3变流器单元可以进行安全启动及退出。图5为3个串联变流器单元（CU1， CU2， CU3）的启动电流波形，其中CU1电流波形，CU2电流波形以及CU3电流波形，均包含了该变流器单元的四个桥电流。图5中区间①为首先启动两个变流器单元（CU1， CU2）的过程，运行至稳定后启动第三个变流器单元（CU3）。图5的区间②是三个变流器单元启动成功后进入稳定运行的过程。图6为三个变流器单元串联运行退出过程的实验波形。包括三台变流器的负载电压CU1VDC、CU2VDC、CU3VDC和总的负载电流Id波形，其中区间③为三个变流器单元同时运行的过程，区间④为变流器单元逆变准备退出的过程，区间⑤为逆变后退出的过程。采用串联顺序控制，3个串联的变流器单元可以安全的启动及退出。4) In the EAST poloidal field power supply system, three converter units are connected in series to supply power to the poloidal field superconducting coil. The serial sequence control is used to safely start and exit the 3 converter units. Figure 5 shows the starting current waveforms of three series converter units (CU1, CU2, CU3), in which the CU1 current waveform, CU2 current waveform and CU3 current waveform all include the four bridge currents of the converter unit. Interval ① in Figure 5 is the process of starting two converter units (CU1, CU2) first, and then starting the third converter unit (CU3) after running to stability. Section ② in Figure 5 is the process of the three converter units entering into stable operation after successful startup. Figure 6 is the experimental waveform of the exit process of three converter units running in series. Including the load voltage CU1VDC, CU2VDC, CU3VDC of the three converters and the total load current Id waveform, the interval ③ is the process of the three converter units running at the same time, and the interval ④ is the process of the inverter unit preparing to exit , interval ⑤ is the process of exiting after inversion. Using serial sequence control, 3 converter units connected in series can be started and shut down safely.
5）根据多变量解耦控制，最小无功功率控制，四象限有环流控制的计算结果，得到变流器单元的控制量以及各变流器单元的运行模式后，根据最小无功功率计算所得的3个变流器单元的每个电源的输出电压对该电源的无功功率进行预测计算，采用无功预测控制，预先对系统所需无功功率进行补偿，解决电网接入问题。图7为采用无功预测控制计算所得的需要补偿的无功功率。5) According to the calculation results of multivariable decoupling control, minimum reactive power control, and four-quadrant circulating current control, after obtaining the control amount of the converter unit and the operation mode of each converter unit, it is calculated according to the minimum reactive power The output voltage of each power supply of the 3 converter units is predicted and calculated for the reactive power of the power supply, and the reactive power predictive control is used to compensate the reactive power required by the system in advance to solve the problem of grid access. Figure 7 shows the reactive power that needs to be compensated calculated by reactive power predictive control.
6）根据无功预测控制的计算结果，对无功补偿进行控制。图8为未投入无功补偿装置的波形，图9为无功补偿装置根据无功预测控制进行补偿的波形。根据无功预测控制投入无功补偿装置后，可以补偿系统系统所需的大部分无功功率，补偿效果明显，无功补偿装置未投入时10kV母线电压总畸变率达到13.54%，投入时母线总畸变率不大于3.18%。6) Control reactive power compensation according to the calculation results of reactive power predictive control. Figure 8 is the waveform of the reactive power compensation device not being used, and Figure 9 is the waveform of the reactive power compensation device performing compensation according to reactive power predictive control. After the reactive power compensation device is put into use according to the reactive power prediction control, most of the reactive power required by the system can be compensated, and the compensation effect is obvious. When the reactive power compensation device is not used, the total distortion rate of the 10kV bus voltage reaches 13.54%. The distortion rate is not more than 3.18%.
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