CN106221594B - 一种感温变色光伏组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明所揭示的一种感温变色光伏组件，所述光伏组件从上至下依次为钢化玻璃，透明EVA胶膜，晶体硅电池片，感温EVA胶膜，白色EVA胶膜以及光伏背板，其中所述感温EVA胶膜为预交联胶膜，交联度为40~60%。本发明在光伏组件中增加一层感温EVA胶膜，使得光伏组件在太阳的照射下可以根据温度值进行直接变色显示，从而全面了解光伏组件上各个区域内的温度变化，免去工作人员逐点测量的工作，避免不安全事故的发生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光伏组件，具体涉及一种感温变色光伏组件。
背景技术
随着传统化石燃料的日趋消耗枯竭，人类不断寻求新的能源替代方案。太阳能是目前公认的绿色可再生资源，太阳能光伏组件的基本结构从上往下是由光伏钢化玻璃、上层EVA、晶体硅电池片、下层EVA和光伏背板组成。
其中，钢化玻璃和上、下两层EVA均为无色透明，而背板一般做成白色以提高反射率，进而提高电池组件的工作效率。在整个太阳能光伏组件中，起关键作用的是晶体硅电池片，其作用是将太阳能转换成电能，并送往蓄电池中存储起来，或推动负载工作。
一般情况下的光伏组件的工作温度为50~80℃，但在一些阳光较为充裕的地区，组件温度有可能会高于80℃，而且温度分布极不均匀，这就对光伏组件的工作效率造成影响，特别是电池片，其工作时温度高于整个组件的其他任何地方，而相对高的温度往往会影响着组件的工作效率，一般组件每升高1℃，输出功率就会下降0.4%。但是光伏组件一般铺设面积较大，对于组件中何处温度高，何处温度低我们无法获悉，这就对于后期进行相应降温处理产生影响，为此我们需要去了解光伏组件表面不同区域内的温度变化情况。
目前测试组件温度的方法较为简陋，多为工作人员拿温度探测器去各个点进行测量，不仅工作量巨大，而且得到的数据不全面、不准确，更重要的是，还有可能存在中暑、触电、烫伤及摔伤等危险。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是提供一种感温变色光伏组件，在光伏组件中增加一层感温EVA胶膜，使得光伏组件在太阳的照射下可以根据温度值进行直接变色显示，从而全面了解光伏组件上各个区域内的温度变化，免去工作人员逐点测量的工作，避免不安全事故的发生。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下 ：一种感温变色光伏组件，所述光伏组件从上至下依次为钢化玻璃，透明EVA胶膜，晶体硅电池片，感温EVA胶膜，白色EVA胶膜以及光伏背板，其中所述感温EVA胶膜为预交联胶膜，交联度为40~60%，具体包括以下重量份的组分：
EVA树脂 60~100份；
可逆感温变色粉 10~30份；
增粘剂 8~12份；
交联剂 5~10份；
抗氧剂 0.1~5份；
抗紫外剂 0.1~5份；
其中所述可逆感温变色粉为CoCl2·2C6H12N4·10H2O、NiBr2·2C6H12N4·10H2O、Ag2HgI4、Cu2HgI4、螺吡喃中的一个或多种的组合。
所述EVA树脂中VA的含量为10~33%。
所述增粘剂为γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷或γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
所述交联剂为叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯。
所述抗氧剂为季戊四醇四(双-T-丁基羟基氢化肉桂酸)酯、3,5-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基苯丙酸硫代二-2,1-乙二醇酯、十八烷基3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯、4-[(4,6-二辛硫基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、N,N'-(丙烷-1,3-二基)双(3-(3,5-双-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺)中的一种或多种的组合。
所述抗紫外剂为2，2’-四亚甲基双(3，1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮)、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-2’-羧基二苯甲酮、2-(2’- 羟基 -5’- 氨苯基 ) 苯并三唑、双水杨酸双酚 A 酯、双-(2-甲氧基-4-羟基-5-苯甲酰基苯基)甲烷、癸二酸双-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶醇酯中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明所揭示的一种感温变色光伏组件，通过在光伏组件电池片下方增加一层感温EVA胶膜，使得光伏组件在工作时的温度变化可以通过颜色变化实时显示（主要是观察电池片的温度变化），以利于工作人员全面，直观的观察到光伏组件的温度变化，避免了不安全事故的发生。为了便于对感温EVA胶膜颜色变化的观察，对下方的EVA胶膜做成白色（既可以便于颜色变化的观察，还可以起到高反射的效果），同时在感温EVA胶膜制备时进行预交联处理，控制交联度为40~60%，交联度的控制不仅防止感温EVA胶膜中的感温变色粉污染电池，还防止后续层压过程中因为胶层应力过大造成电池片压碎，同时防止层压后胶层粘结性差而降低抗老化能力，同时在电池片下方采用两层结构，不仅提高了EVA胶层的反射率，而且增强了电池片下方的缓冲力，防止电池片在层压过程中被压碎的可能，提高其成品率。
针对感温EVA胶膜的制备，我们采用感温变色粉作为感温变色的基材，由于感温变色粉在使用过程中颜色循环变化次数是有限的，而且随着紫外光照射的强烈程度对循环次数的影响更大，为此我们在抗紫外剂的使用上增加了使用量（抗紫外剂的使用量在0.1~5份），在不影响感温EVA胶膜性能的前提下，减缓紫外光的照射，从而保障感温变色粉温变循环次数，此外感温EVA胶膜需要进行预交联处理，将感温EVA胶膜成膜后会置于70-100℃热处理12h进行预交联，使得感温EVA胶膜中的感温变色粉不会进行表面迁移而污染晶体硅电池片，同时预交联处理后的EVA胶膜尺寸稳定性及耐热性更佳，利于存储；同时在进行层压工艺时，可防止溢胶从而污染层压设备。
有益效果：本发明所揭示的一种感温变色光伏组件，在光伏组件中增加感温EVA胶膜，使得光伏组件具备感温变色功能，在工作时可以通过颜色变化实时显示温度变化，让工作人员及时了解光伏组件各个区域内的温度分布情况，进行相应降温处理，不需要人员进行逐点测温，提高了效率也降低安全事故的发生率。
附图说明
图1为本发明感温变色光伏组件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明所揭示的一种感温变色光伏组件，所述光伏组件从上至下依次为钢化玻璃1，透明EVA胶膜2，晶体硅电池片3，感温EVA胶膜4，白色EVA胶膜5以及光伏背板6，其中所述感温EVA胶膜为预交联胶膜，交联度为40~60%，具体包括以下重量份的组分：EVA树脂60~100份；可逆感温变色粉10~30份；增粘剂8~12份；交联剂5~10份；抗氧剂0.1~5份；抗紫外剂0.1~5份；
其中所述可逆感温变色粉为CoCl2·2C6H12N4·10H2O、NiBr2·2C6H12N4·10H2O、Ag2HgI4、Cu2HgI4、螺吡喃中的一个或多种的组合。
所述EVA树脂中VA的含量为10~33%；所述增粘剂为γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷或γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷；所述交联剂为叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯；所述抗氧剂为季戊四醇四(双-T-丁基羟基氢化肉桂酸)酯、3,5-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基苯丙酸硫代二-2,1-乙二醇酯、十八烷基3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯、4-[(4,6-二辛硫基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、N,N'-(丙烷-1,3-二基)双(3-(3,5-双-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺)中的一种或多种的组合； 所述抗紫外剂为2，2’-四亚甲基双(3，1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮)、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-2’-羧基二苯甲酮、2-(2’- 羟基 -5’- 氨苯基 ) 苯并三唑、双水杨酸双酚 A 酯、双-(2-甲氧基-4-羟基-5-苯甲酰基苯基)甲烷、癸二酸双-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶醇酯中的一种或多种的组合。
本发明中感温EVA胶膜的的制备方法为：将所有材料投入高速混合机中混合均匀，然后将混合物投入挤出机中在120℃下造粒后干燥，将干燥后的粒子投入流延机中，在120℃下流延成膜，经冷却、切边后收卷，然后置于鼓风干燥机中70-100℃热处理12h，即得到预交联感温EVA胶膜。
本发明中感温变色光伏组件的制备方法为：将光伏玻璃、EVA胶膜、电池片、感温EVA胶膜、白色EVA胶膜和背板在层压机中经过150℃层压15min即得到所述感温变色光伏组件。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明中感温EVA胶膜进行详细阐述。
实施例1
将EVA树脂60份；可逆感温变色粉10份；增粘剂8份；交联剂5份；抗氧剂0.1份；抗紫外剂0.1份投入高速混合机中混合均匀，然后将混合物投入挤出机中在120℃下造粒后干燥，将干燥后的粒子投入流延机中，在120℃下流延成膜，经冷却、切边后收卷，然后置于鼓风干燥机中70℃热处理12h，即得到交联度为40%的预交联感温EVA胶膜。
实施例2
将EVA树脂75份；可逆感温变色粉20份；增粘剂9.5份；交联剂8份；抗氧剂2份；抗紫外剂3份投入高速混合机中混合均匀，然后将混合物投入挤出机中在120℃下造粒后干燥，将干燥后的粒子投入流延机中，在120℃下流延成膜，经冷却、切边后收卷，然后置于鼓风干燥机中80℃热处理12h，即得到交联度为44%的预交联感温EVA胶膜。
实施例3
将EVA树脂90份；可逆感温变色粉25份；增粘剂11份；交联剂7份；抗氧剂4份；抗紫外剂4份投入高速混合机中混合均匀，然后将混合物投入挤出机中在120℃下造粒后干燥，将干燥后的粒子投入流延机中，在120℃下流延成膜，经冷却、切边后收卷，然后置于鼓风干燥机中90℃热处理12h，即得到交联度为50%的预交联感温EVA胶膜。
实施例4
将EVA树脂100份；可逆感温变色粉30份；增粘剂12份；交联剂10份；抗氧剂5份；抗紫外剂5份投入高速混合机中混合均匀，然后将混合物投入挤出机中在120℃下造粒后干燥，将干燥后的粒子投入流延机中，在120℃下流延成膜，经冷却、切边后收卷，然后置于鼓风干燥机中100℃热处理12h，即得到交联度为60%的预交联感温EVA胶膜。
以上对本发明创造的一个实施例进行了详细说明，但所述内容仅为本发明创造的较佳实施例，不能被认为用于限定本发明创造的实施范围。凡依本发明创造申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等，均归属于本发明创造的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种感温变色光伏组件，其特征在于：所述光伏组件从上至下依次为钢化玻璃，透明EVA胶膜，晶体硅电池片，感温EVA胶膜，白色EVA胶膜以及光伏背板，其中所述感温EVA胶膜为预交联胶膜，交联度为40~60%，具体包括以下重量份的组分：
EVA树脂 60~100份；
可逆感温变色粉 10~30份；
增粘剂 8~12份；
交联剂 5~10份；
抗氧剂 0.1~5份；
抗紫外剂 0.1~5份；
其中所述可逆感温变色粉为CoCl2·2C6H12N4·10H2O、NiBr2·2C6H12N4·10H2O、Ag2HgI4、Cu2HgI4、螺吡喃中的一个或多种的组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种感温变色光伏组件，其特征在于：所述EVA树脂中VA的含量为10~33%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种感温变色光伏组件，其特征在于：所述增粘剂为γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷或γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种感温变色光伏组件，其特征在于：所述交联剂为叔丁基过氧化碳酸-2-乙基己酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种感温变色光伏组件，其特征在于：所述抗氧剂为季戊四醇四(双-T-丁基羟基氢化肉桂酸)酯、3,5-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基苯丙酸硫代二-2,1-乙二醇酯、十八烷基3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸酯、4-[(4,6-二辛硫基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、N,N'-(丙烷-1,3-二基)双(3-(3,5-双-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺)中的一种或多种的组合。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种感温变色光伏组件，其特征在于： 所述抗紫外剂为2，2’-四亚甲基双(3，1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮)、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-2’-羧基二苯甲酮、2-(2’- 羟基-5’- 氨苯基 ) 苯并三唑、双水杨酸双酚 A 酯、双-(2-甲氧基-4-羟基-5-苯甲酰基苯基)甲烷、癸二酸双-2，2，6，6-四甲基哌啶醇酯中的一种或多种的组合。
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