CN106217131B - Tapping process synchronous error measuring method - Google Patents

Tapping process synchronous error measuring method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106217131B
CN106217131B CN201610602222.XA CN201610602222A CN106217131B CN 106217131 B CN106217131 B CN 106217131B CN 201610602222 A CN201610602222 A CN 201610602222A CN 106217131 B CN106217131 B CN 106217131B
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mrow
synchronous error
tapping
msub
speed
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CN106217131A (en
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万敏
马颖超
张卫红
冯佳
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/10Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting speed or number of revolutions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/24Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
    • B23Q17/248Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves using special electromagnetic means or methods
    • B23Q17/2495Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves using special electromagnetic means or methods using interferometers

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of tapping process synchronous error measuring method, causes the technical problem of axial force prediction result poor accuracy using simulation synchronous error for solving existing method.Technical scheme is the cylinder running body cut-in without ball tapping program with screw tap adjoining dimensions using one, the main shaft swing circle in cut-in without ball tapping process and screw tap feeding process displacement are measured simultaneously, discrete differential is carried out to the displacement measured, solution obtains tapping feed speed, it is multiplied by feed speed with swing circle and calculates every turn of actual amount of feeding, and subtract each other actual feed of every rotation with tap lead, obtain tested synchronous error value of the lathe under the rotating speed.Due to having measured the synchronous error value of lathe, the degree of accuracy of axial force prediction result is improved.

Description

Tapping process synchronous error measuring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of synchronous error measuring method, more particularly to a kind of tapping process synchronous error measuring method.
Background technology
It is separate different from milling or the feeding of other Cutting Process and rotating speed, during tap tapping, because screw thread geometry is special Sign, it is desirable to which tapping process main shaft rotates a circle, and feeds a pitch.However, due to machine tool feed motion and main shaft rotary motion Mismatch, often in actual cut process, when main shaft rotates a circle, feeding slightly offsets from pitch, that is, produces synchronous error.Together Step error can have a strong impact on chip-load and accuracy of screw machining.
" A.P.S.Dogra, S.G.Kapoor, R.E.DeVor, Analysis of feed the errors in of document 1 tapping by contact stress model,Transactions of the ASME Journal of (2002) 248-257. " of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 124 disclose one kind and are applied to tapping The On Cutting Force Modeling of process, this method assumes that cutter and workpiece contact stress are in quadratic function relation, and is based on contact force The integral for establishing contact stress is learned, and then establishes the Axial Force Calculating model for considering that synchronous error influences.But its During calculating, machine tool motion is mismatched caused by synchronous error be measured, be not simply manually set with rotating speed not The feed rate matched somebody with somebody produces certain corresponding error amount to simulate synchronous error, and this be manually set have ignored what machine tool motion was brought Actual synchronization error, in the research synchronous error simply by the setting mismatch form, actual machine tool motion synchronous error compared with When big, the axial force prediction result of inaccuracy can be caused.
The typical feature of document above is:It is by being manually set and rotating speed when influenceing to study on synchronous error It is unmatched to feed to produce synchronous error, synchronous error caused by actual machine tool motion can not be determined, cause machine In the case that bed motion synchronous error is larger, axial force prediction result is inaccurate.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of that existing method causes axial force prediction result poor accuracy using simulation synchronous error, this Invention provides a kind of tapping process synchronous error measuring method.Cylinder running body of this method using one with screw tap adjoining dimensions Cut-in without ball tapping program, while the main shaft swing circle in cut-in without ball tapping process and screw tap feeding process displacement are measured, to what is measured Displacement carries out discrete differential, and solution obtains tapping feed speed, and being multiplied by feed speed with swing circle calculates every turn of reality The amount of feeding, and actual feed of every rotation is subtracted each other with tap lead, obtain tested synchronous error value of the lathe under the rotating speed.By In the synchronous error value for having measured lathe, the degree of accuracy of axial force prediction result is improved.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems:A kind of tapping process synchronous error measuring method, its Feature is to comprise the following steps:
(1) screw tap will be simulated on handle of a knife with the cylinder of screw tap adjoining dimensions, and is set according to feed speed during tapping Determine motion of main shaft feed speed, carry out main shaft axial feed motion test.
(2) different sample frequencys are selected, are transported using cylinder of the laser interferometer test on lathe axially movable Dynamic displacement xl(t)。
(3) discrete differential is carried out as the following formula to moving displacement to cylinder axis, obtains feed speed vf
(4) calculate and the variance of speed is obtained under different sample frequencys, select the minimum sample frequency of variance to be used as synchronously by mistake The sample frequency of difference measurements.
(5) a certain mark position is selected in the cylindrical sides, pastes a fritter reflective sheeting, returned for strengthening laser tachometer Letter in reply number, the mark to be rotated a circle as main shaft.
(6) laser signal that laser tachometer is launched is adjusted to paste on reflective sheeting in step (5), runs tapping journey Sequence, cut-in without ball is carried out with cylinder simulation screw tap, the return signal recorded using data acquisition device, chooses stabilization signal section meter The time interval between enhancing signal is calculated, determines main shaft swing circle T.
(7) sample frequency determined using laser interferometer with step (4) synchronizes test to cylinder axis to operation, Obtain tapping process cutter axial direction moving displacement xl(t)。
(8) displacement signal with the stabilization signal section time consistency period in step (6) of selecting step (7) measure, according to Step (3) determines feed speed, and asks for obtaining the average value of speed as final speed vf
(9) following formula is utilized, determines synchronous error value δ:
δ=vf×T-P
In formula, P is pitch.If δ values be on the occasion of, then it represents that cross cut;If δ values are negative value, to owe to cut.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Cylinder running body cut-in without ball tapping journey of this method using one with screw tap adjoining dimensions Sequence, at the same measure the main shaft swing circle in cut-in without ball tapping process and screw tap feeding process displacement, the displacement measured is carried out from Differential is dissipated, solution obtains tapping feed speed, and being multiplied by feed speed with swing circle calculates every turn of actual amount of feeding, and will Actual feed of every rotation subtracts each other with tap lead, obtains tested synchronous error value of the lathe under the rotating speed.Due to having measured machine The synchronous error value of bed, improves the degree of accuracy of axial force prediction result.After tested, the present invention is realized to the actual main shaft of lathe Rotation and the accurate measurement of synchronous error caused by feed motion mismatch so that consider the axial force prediction that synchronous error influences It is more accurate.Compared with its affecting laws being studied with being manually set synchronous error in document 1, the synchronization based on present invention actual measurement determination The axial force of error amount prediction, more it is coincide with actual axial force, precision of prediction greatly improves.Under conditions of embodiment 2, in advance Precision is surveyed to improve more than 80%.
The present invention is elaborated with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is tapping process synchronous error measuring method design principle figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the rotating speed that laser tachometer measures in the inventive method calculates signal graph.
Fig. 3 is the simulation tap tapping process displacement curve figure that laser interferometer is tested in the inventive method.
Fig. 4 is the feed speed curve figure obtained in Fig. 3 after displacement curve stabilization signal section differential.
Fig. 5 is that the synchronous error value based on this method measure calculates the axial force of prediction, obtained by the setting of document 1 synchronous error The axial force arrived and the axial force comparison diagram of actual measurement.
Embodiment
Following examples reference picture 1-5.
Embodiment 1:
(1) screw tap will be simulated on handle of a knife with the cylinder of screw tap adjoining dimensions, and according to actual tapping rotating speed 400 Rev/min, 600 millimeters of feed speed/set up separately, which determines feed speed, moves Z axis.
(2) tested respectively under sample frequency 25Hz, 50Hz, 75Hz, 100Hz, 150Hz, 200Hz using laser interferometer The cylinder moving displacement x moved on lathe along Z axisl(t)。
(3) discrete differential is carried out as the following formula to screw tap feeding displacement, obtains feed speed vf
(4) calculate under different sample frequencys and obtain the variance of speed, by contrast, variance yields is minimum under 25Hz, therefore selects Sample frequency is 25Hz.
(5) a certain mark position is selected in the cylindrical sides, pastes one piece of reflective sheeting, returned for strengthening laser tachometer Signal, the mark to be rotated a circle as main shaft.
(6) laser signal that laser tachometer is launched is adjusted to paste on reflective sheeting in step (5), runs tapping journey Sequence, cut-in without ball is carried out with cylinder simulation screw tap, the return enhancing signal time that recorded according to data collecting card is poor, it is determined that main Axle swing circle T is 0.1520 second.
(7) test is synchronized to axial movement with the sample frequency that step (4) determines using laser interferometer, attacked Silk process cutter axial direction moving displacement xl(t)。
(8) displacement signal with the stabilization signal section time consistency period in step (6) of selecting step (7) measure, according to Step (3) determines feed speed, and asks for obtaining the average value of speed as final speed vf, obtained vfFor 10.0005 millis Meter per second.
(9) synchronous error definition is utilized, is 1.5 millimeters for pitch, calculation error value δ:
δ=vf× T-P=10.0005 × 0.1520-1.5=0.0201 millimeters/turn
There occurs cross to cut for the tapping process.
Embodiment 2:
(1) tapping experiments are carried out using cutting parameter same as Example 1, and utilizes dynamometer record tapping force value.
(2) method that document 1 is announced is pressed, synchronous error is 0 under the cutting parameter, brings tapping power model into and calculates synchronous miss Axial force when difference is 0.
(3) embodiment 1 is measured to obtained synchronous error value, brings into tapping power model and calculates axial force, and will be calculated As a result and the result of calculation of step (2) is contrasted with actual measurement force value, as a result referring to the drawings 5.
Figure it is seen that not pasted in cylindrical sides at reflective sheeting, laser return signal is very weak, and amplitude is close to 0, instead Machine-glazed paper can be remarkably reinforced laser signal, can clearly record main shaft and rotate a circle the time.From fig. 4, it can be seen that selection Under sample frequency, the feed speed fluctuation being calculated is smaller, does not introduce excessive HF noise signal.Can be with by Fig. 5 Find out, the tapping power of this method prediction is coincide preferably with the tapping power of actual measurement, shows the synchronous error measurement result accurately and reliably. And it can be seen that it is 0 to be manually set synchronous error, when screw tap is cut 0.8 second, using the synchronous error in document 1 Establishing method, axial force is obtained with measured value error more than 85%, and the actual synchronization error prediction obtained using measurement Axial force resultant error is within 5%.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of tapping process synchronous error measuring method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) screw tap will be simulated on handle of a knife with the cylinder of screw tap adjoining dimensions, and according to feed speed setting master during tapping Axle moves feed speed, carries out main shaft axial feed motion test;
(2) different sample frequencys are selected, use cylinder motion bit of the laser interferometer test on lathe axially movable Move xl(t);
(3) discrete differential is carried out as the following formula to moving displacement to cylinder axis, obtains feed speed vf
<mrow> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>dx</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>
(4) calculate and the variance of speed is obtained under different sample frequencys, select the minimum sample frequency of variance to be surveyed as synchronous error The sample frequency of amount;
(5) a certain mark position is selected in the cylindrical sides, pastes a fritter reflective sheeting, letter is returned for strengthening laser tachometer Number, the mark to be rotated a circle as main shaft;
(6) laser signal that laser tachometer is launched is adjusted to paste on reflective sheeting in step (5), runs tapping program, use Cylinder simulation screw tap carries out cut-in without ball, the return signal recorded using data acquisition device, chooses the calculating of stabilization signal section and increases Time interval between strong signal, determines main shaft swing circle T;
(7) sample frequency determined using laser interferometer with step (4) synchronizes test to cylinder axis to operation, obtains The cylinder moving displacement x of tapping processl(t);
(8) displacement signal with the stabilization signal section time consistency period in step (6) of selecting step (7) measure, according to step (3) feed speed is determined, and asks for obtaining the average value of speed as final speed
(9) following formula is utilized, determines synchronous error value δ:
<mrow> <mi>&amp;delta;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mover> <mi>v</mi> <mo>&amp;OverBar;</mo> </mover> <mi>f</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;times;</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>P</mi> </mrow>
In formula, P is pitch;If δ values be on the occasion of, then it represents that cross cut;If δ values are negative value, to owe to cut.
CN201610602222.XA 2016-07-27 2016-07-27 Tapping process synchronous error measuring method Active CN106217131B (en)

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CN108161374A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-06-15 滁州职业技术学院 A kind of grooving processes monitoring method
WO2019183777A1 (en) * 2018-03-26 2019-10-03 西门子公司 Turning thread automatic diagnosing method and system, data processing system, and storage medium
CN114178600B (en) * 2021-12-14 2023-03-10 华中科技大学 Advanced sensing method for deformation error of robot milling tail end

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JPS6464752A (en) * 1987-08-31 1989-03-10 Ingersoll Milling Machine Co Method and device for conforming size of rotary cutting tool
JP2005216135A (en) * 2004-01-30 2005-08-11 Fanuc Ltd Threading/tapping controller
JP4361071B2 (en) * 2005-07-08 2009-11-11 ファナック株式会社 Servo control device
CN101758422B (en) * 2009-12-10 2011-01-26 华中科技大学 Detection analysis device for technical indexes of numerical control device
CN102151917B (en) * 2011-02-18 2012-10-03 济南圣多数控机床有限公司 Movable joint thread synchronous tapping method and movable joint thread synchronous tapping device
CN104380218B (en) * 2012-06-05 2017-06-09 三菱电机株式会社 Numerical control device
JP5642298B1 (en) * 2013-04-30 2014-12-17 三菱電機株式会社 Numerical controller
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