CN106211957A

CN106211957A - A kind of Fructus Melo and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN106211957A
Application number: CN201610396542.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖光辉
Original assignee: Hu-Nan's Agriculture Information And Graduate School Of Engineering
Current assignee: Hu-Nan's Agriculture Information And Graduate School Of Engineering
Priority date: 2016-06-07
Filing date: 2016-06-07
Publication date: 2016-12-14

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Fructus Melo and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method, relate to rotation cropping technical field.Comprise the following steps: (1) sets up organic farming production base；(2) rotation system is: cultivation successively in the 1st year: green soyabeans Fructus Melo Bowl bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, every 2 years is 1 period of crop-rotation；(3) organic Fructus Melo, organic Bowl bean, organic early rice, organic Corm Eleocharitis and the rotation cropping of organic green soyabeans are carried out according to organic agriculture principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.This crop rotation organic cultivation method can carry out Fructus Melo in same organic farming base, the organic farming of Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis and green soyabeans, its practicality is with workable, there are good society, economy and ecological benefits, it is a kind of efficient ecological circular agriculture cultivation mode, in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, there is broad prospect of application.

Description

A kind of Fructus Melo and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method

Technical field

The invention belongs to rotation cropping technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Fructus Melo and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation Organic cultivation method.

Background technology

Organic agriculture is one of good approach solving food-safety problem, is described as " rising industry ", has wide Market prospect.Organic farm products is pure natural, pollution-free, the food of safe nutrition, and also referred to as " ecological food ", it is basis Organic agriculture principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard produce, and by the agriculture of Organic Food Attestation agency qualification Product.So organic farming must produce according to the prescription of organic farm products and production specifications, in whole life Prohibit the use of the artificial synthetics matter such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone during product, do not use technique for gene engineering, with Ensure that its product is pollution-free, feature rich in nutrition and high-quality.China set up " State Environmental Protection Administration's Organic food in 1994 Centre of development ", Organic Farming is rapid in recent years, and organic agriculture is owing to having complied with improvement agroecological environment, having produced high-quality The world trends of pollution-free Organic food, so organic farming is increasingly subject to pay attention to, and progressively develop into for a kind of emerging court Sun industry.Along with development and the improving constantly of living standards of the people of society, consumer is to the quality requirements of agricultural product increasingly High.In particular with people's growing interest to food sanitation safe, Organic food has become the fashion of people's consumption.Development height The production of the agricultural product such as organic Fructus Melo of quality, not only can improve the economic benefit of Producer, and can be that consumer's body and mind is good for Health provides safeguard.

Fructus Melo (Cucumis melo) is important industrial crops, and it is good in economic efficiency that it is cultivated, at a lot of areas Fructus Melos Cultivation has become and has increased an important channel of peasant economy income.China is that Fructus Melo produces and consumption big country, sows in Fructus Melo year Area 590,000 hectares, total output 14,620,000 tons, account for world's sown area and the 46% of total output and 53% respectively, China's Fructus Melo is raw Produce occupy in the world critical role (other dragon. China's watermelon and muskmelon graft seedling growth industry development present situation and countermeasure. Chinese melon Dish, 2011,24 (2): 68-71), Fructus Melo is as a kind of important high-efficiency and economic crop, and i.e. can cultivate in spring and summer can also Cultivating in summer and autumn, and the economic benefit cultivating Fructus Melo summer and autumn is fine, Fructus Melo is in China's Planter industry structure adjustment and promotion Farmer richness plays an important role in increasing income.Fructus Melo is that a kind of happiness temperature, happiness light, happiness be fertile, happiness water but be afraid of wet, require weather It is dried, is weak to the melon high-efficiency and economic crop of stain, not only undergrowth under low temperature overcast and rainy day and hot and humid weather conditions, and And pest and disease damage harm is serious.Although using the facility cultivations such as booth, by regulation booth epidemic disaster, covered with plastic film and screening The aggregate measures such as screened postive carries out taking shelter from rain, sunshade cultivation, control temperature and air humidity well, can create beneficially Muskmelon Growth And it is unfavorable for the environmental condition that pest and disease damage occurs；But be not only due to use chemical fertilizer, pesticide more during the general facility cultivation of Fructus Melo and It is unable to reach the requirement of organic farming, and there is certain difficulty owing to carrying out crop rotation, the soil-borne disease such as Muskmelon Fusarium wilt Generation ratio more serious, be susceptible to soil continuous cropping obstacle, thus cause the underproduction even to occur cultivating unsuccessfully, so at present Fructus Melo Organic farming little.A kind of method utilizing micro ecological technology to plant organic Fructus Melo (application number 201210062114.X, application Publication No. CN 102584468 A) contribution be, it is proposed that the organic farming of Fructus Melo；Have a disadvantage in that, actually provide only A kind of Tiny ecosystem bacterium solution for planting organic Fructus Melo and using method thereof, do not provide the concrete skill of Fructus Melo organic farming Art scheme.Fructus Melo is the crop avoiding continuous cropping, if plant Fructus Melo in same plot year after year, on the one hand pathogen can be caused to accumulate, Cause the soil-borne diseases such as droop serious；On the other hand tie up to close soil layer absorbs identical nutrient due to Radix Melo Matter, continuous cropping can cause soil to lack some element, be susceptible to continuous cropping obstacle.Although selecting disease-resistant variety and using grafting cultivation The soil-borne diseases such as droop can be prevented and treated to a great extent and alleviate the generation of soil continuous cropping obstacle, but can not fundamentally solve The certainly problem of soil continuous cropping obstacle.Therefore, must take during Fructus Melo organic farming scientific and reasonable rotation system fertilizing soil with Reduce the pest and disease damage radix in soil, with soil-borne disease and the generations of soil continuous cropping obstacle such as effectively preventing and treating Muskmelon Fusarium wilts. A kind of Fructus Melo organic farming annual production method (application number 201510253151.2, application publication number CN 104823674 A) Contribution is, employing rice field-upland field rotation cultivation mode: stubble facility Fructus Melo late rice Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) green manure (the 1st year) early rice autumn in spring Stubble facility Fructus Melo dish, with Bowl bean (the 2nd year), uses facility cultivation can realize spring stubble Fructus Melo and the organic farming of autumn stubble Fructus Melo With whole year production supply；Having a disadvantage in that, Fructus Melo and Oryza sativa L. carry out rice field-upland field rotation despite relatively effective and common crop rotation Pattern, but produce one batch of Fructus Melo (spring stubble or autumn stubble) every year in same piece of land, each batch of Fructus Melo only and one batch of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, due to The crop rotation time is the shortest, and the generation of pest and disease damage still ratio is more serious, there is bigger risk, if changing each stubble in cultivation Fructus Melo and many batches of Oryza sativa L. crop rotations, then rotation system is the most dull, and the utilization rate of facility is the lowest, and economic benefit is the highest.

Green soyabeans (Glycine max) makes again Fresh edible soybean, the i.e. Semen sojae atricolor of tender pod, seed of gathering drum expire to the first ripe phase Between young pod make vegetable eat, for annual herb legume.Green soyabeans is nutritious food, plants containing abundant Thing albumen, the mineral of multiple beneficial, vitamin and dietary fiber.Green soyabeans contains abundant potassium, can alleviate hot weather and cause Fatigue and weak and appetite decline, be particularly suitable for summer eat；Ferrum in green soyabeans is prone to absorb, and can supplement ferrum as child One of food；The dietary fiber content of green soyabeans is up to 4.0%, can not only improve constipation, also helps the fall of blood pressure and cholesterol Low.Possibly together with trace functional components flavone compound in green soyabeans, can improve the discomfort of Woman climacteric, preventing and treating sclerotin is dredged Pine.In green soyabeans, the linoleic acid plus linolenic acid content of unsaturated fatty acid such as needed by human is apparently higher than other kinds of vegetable, can To improve lipid metabolism, contribute to reducing triglyceride and cholesterol in human body.Lecithin in green soyabeans is that brain development can not One of nutrition lacked, contributes to improving the memory of brain and level of intelligence.So green soyabeans (Fresh edible soybean) is deep by south The traditional characteristics vegetable that resident likes, early-maturing Maodou of especially sowing in spring, owing to listing morning, quality better, market price is high, economic effect Benefit is notable.The demand of quick freezing process type Fresh edible soybean (green soyabeans) is increased sharply by international market in recent years, especially Japan, Korea Spro State and country in Southeast Asia increase the demand of organic green soyabeans food is anxious, organic green soyabeans at home, international market have huge market Potentiality.Develop organic green soyabeans and produce the vegetable basket that i.e. can enrich urban and rural residents, farmers' income can be improved again, be effectively improved city The quality of life of the villeggiatura people, it is also possible to foreign exchange earning.Therefore, organic green soyabeans produces as one emerging Soybean Industry of China, There is huge development potentiality and competitiveness in the international market, be a modern efficient agriculture oriented for export and foreign exchange earnings, it is possible to produce huge economy Benefit and social benefit, prospect is the most wide.Although at present China's organic green soyabeans cultivation has multiple (organic see: a kind of green soyabeans Implantation methods, CN 104025873 A；A kind of implantation methods of organic green soyabeans, CN 105393743 A), but these cultural methods Organic farming the most truly because these implantation methods due to do not use rational crop rotation and in the course of cultivation The most more or less employ chemical fertilizer or pesticide.Green soyabeans is weak to continuous cropping, if organic with other crops when carrying out organic farming Cultivation carries out crop rotation, sets up rational rotation system, not only contributes to the organic farming of green soyabeans, and green soyabeans takes advantage of straw after gathering Stalk, bean leaf are poured water as early as possible to plough a field time also dark green and are ploughed under in soil, can improve straw green manuring fertilizer efficiency, it is possible to foster and apply fertilizer and improve soil, Increasing soil organic matter content, improve soil fertility structure, reduce the occurrence degree of pest and disease damage, be also beneficial to other crops has Machine is cultivated.

Semen Pisi sativi (Pisum sativum) is that one likes the leguminous herbaceous plant that cools, for the fourth-largest legume crop in the world.Semen Pisi sativi Rich in multiple nutritional components such as rich in protein, dietary fiber, provitamin As, the resistance of human body can be improved, help digest Deng；Provitamin A in Semen Pisi sativi can be converted into vitamin A in vivo, has the effect of moist skin；Rich in vitamin in Semen Pisi sativi In C and energy decomposer, the enzyme of nitrosamine, can have anticancer, protective effect on cancer risk with decomposing nitrosamine.Bowl bean gather haricot stripping grain make For a kind of delicious vegetables in season in spring, liked by more and more people, had been enter into the vegetable basket of more and more people.Bowl bean is adopted Receive haricot listing to eat raw as vegetable, the most good in economic efficiency, but also can allow the growth of stubble, beneficially succession crop early. Bowl bean root has root nodule bacteria fixed nitrogen, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, easily becomes thoroughly decomposed, and is important green manure, the Bowl bean straw pressure after haricot of gathering Green grass or young crops makees green manure, is high-quality fertilizer, beneficially fertilizing soil, increases soil fertility.Bowl bean has stronger tolerance to cold, is development The elite crop that winter kind produces.Bowl bean planted in fall Overwintering Growth, growth stage temperature is low, and pest and disease damage occurs few, cultivation management Relatively easy, low cost, planting benefit is good.But Semen Pisi sativi is weak to continuous cropping, if carrying out efficent rotation with Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L. etc., then There are good economy, society and ecological benefits.

Corm Eleocharitis (Eleocharis dulcis) has another name called Horse hoof, Shui Li, Di Li, a kind of wild plant, the subteranean stem of which is like water chestnut etc., belongs to Cyperaceae Eleocharis, is shallow Aqueous perennial root herbaceous plant, makees fruit or vegetable with underground bulb and eats, can eat raw or prepared food, also can process canning or Make to extract the raw material of starch.Corm Eleocharitis has a good effects of clearing away heat-fire, both can clearing away heat and promoting production of body fluid, can supplement the nutrients again, there is removing heat from blood Removing toxic substances, diuresis relieving constipation, Cleering damp and dissolving phlegm, help digestion the effects such as de-swelling, and persons many to diabetic urine have certain auxiliary therapeutic action, Corm Eleocharitis In " puchiin " have blood pressure lowering and the effect of anti-curing cancers.Corm Eleocharitis also has the function preventing acute infectious disease, in measles, popular Property meningitis more incident spring, Corm Eleocharitis is good diseases prevention food.Corm Eleocharitis is universal, with river in the cultivation of Yangtze river basin each province It is more that Soviet Union, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi etc. save cultivation.Corm Eleocharitis color of the leather purple is black, and meat is pure white, and matter is crisp Taste is sweet, and how tasty and refreshing juice is, nutritious, rich in various mineral elements and vitamin, the aminoacid of needed by human body, containing albumen Matter, fat, crude fibre, carotene, vitamin B, vitamin C, ferrum, calcium, phosphorus and carbohydrate etc., have underground pear from ancient times Good reputation, northerner regard as south of the River Radix Ginseng, therefore cultivate the better economic benefit of Corm Eleocharitis.Corm Eleocharitis is weak to continuous cropping, how in Oryza sativa L. Field crop rotation Corm Eleocharitis, but Corm Eleocharitis is relatively low with the economic benefit of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, and Corm Eleocharitis and Fructus Melo carry out rice field-upland field rotation, the most economical Benefit is preferable, and can also improve Soil structure, culture fertility, reduces the occurrence degree of disease pest and weed, reduces agriculture chemical use Amount, can improve product quality and yield, it is thus possible to significantly improve economic benefit.

Oryza sativa L. (Oryza sativa) is the most important cereal crops in the Yangtze river basin, is also to carry out floods and droughts with vegetables such as Fructus Melos Crop rotation and carry out the chief crop of rotation cropping with aquatic vegetables such as Corm Eleocharitiss.Although the production method of organic rice has multiple at present (see: Xia Lili etc. area, Baoying County organic paddy rice cultivation technique. modern agriculture science and technology, 2013 (23): 58,63；A kind of high yield has The production method of machine rice, CN 103733929 B；The production technology of a kind of organic fragrant rice, CN 103250606 B), but mostly because of Do not use scientific and reasonable crop rotation and fertility cultivation, existence fertilizer the most in various degree is not enough and long potential difference, yield poorly, The problem of Pest organism harm weight.Although Oryza sativa L. is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but owing to the production of organic rice can not use chemical agent Preventing and treating, long-term continuous cropping also results in the accumulation of field pathogen and the increase of insect density, passes through rice field despite the use of The methods such as duck culturing, Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, shrimp and fish control the generation of field insect pest, have employed Chinese herbal medicine fluid seed soaking, plant insecticide prevention The multiple method such as spray and carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, but occur also to there will be pest and disease damage than the more serious time at pest and disease damage cannot The problem controlled, thus cause Severe Reduction, even occur cultivating unsuccessfully.Therefore, Oryza sativa L. organic farming is also necessary implementation section Learn rational crop rotation, particularly carry out rice field-upland field rotation.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Fructus Melo and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method, logical Cross Fructus Melo and carry out scientific and reasonable floods and droughts with legume green soyabeans and Bowl bean, field crop Oryza sativa L. and efficient aquatic crops Corm Eleocharitis Crop rotation, in addition to can increasing economic efficiency, it is often more important that can reduce Weed infestation, destroy disease pest source grow environment with Reduce the occurrence degree of pest and disease damage, improve soil fertility structure, the reparation of promotion soil environment；1 is cultivated within 1 period of crop-rotation Stubble green soyabeans and 1 batch of Bowl bean, it is the most good in economic efficiency that haricot of gathering makees vegetable, but also stubble, rear stubble can be allowed early to make The growth of thing, using green soyabeans and Bowl bean straw as green manure plough under in soil can fertilizing soil, by climing for melon or straw after every batch of crop harvesting Stalk collect after heap make fertilizer or on the spot also field also can fertilizing soil, preferably achieve the recovery of organic matter, improve soil Earth fertility, can form the benign cycle of crop cultivation, to maintain balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem, thus reaches Purpose to organic farming." organic food that crop rotation organic cultivation method of the present invention is promulgated in strict accordance with State Environmental Protection Administration Product technical specification " (HJ/T80-2001) cultivate, can produce in same organic farming base organic Fructus Melo, organic Bowl bean, Organic early rice, organic Corm Eleocharitis and organic green soyabeans.

A kind of Fructus Melo and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method, comprise the following steps:

(1) organic farming production base is set up；

(2) rotation system is: cultivation successively in the 1st year: green soyabeans Fructus Melo Bowl bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice water chestnut Shepherd's purse, every 2 years is 1 period of crop-rotation；

(3) carry out organic Fructus Melo, organic Bowl bean according to organic agriculture principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard, have Machine early rice, organic Corm Eleocharitis and the rotation cropping of organic green soyabeans, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.

Organic farming production base described in step (1) is that traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area, life State condition is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from soot and other polluter and traffic backbone, and have can The agricultural producing areas of continuous production ability, soil environment quality requires to be not less than " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618- 1995) secondary standard in, irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB 5084-2005), and environment is empty Makings amount is not less than the secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012)；Each organic farming production base Cultivated area not less than 10 hectares, production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and organic production base is handed over the conventional plot that produces Obvious isolation strip or buffer strip is had at boundary.

Described organic farming includes following measures:

1., in whole cultivation, prohibit the use of including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone or growth regulator Artificial chemistry synthetic, do not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof, to maintain balance and the biology of farmland ecosystem Multiformity；

2. application of organic fertilizers, plantation legume is only allowed to foster and apply fertilizer as green manure and straw-returning in whole cultivation Soil, fertilizer uses one or more in fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed, except using animal Outside feces and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, moreover it is possible to use potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, also can Use the organic fertilizer through Organic certification agency qualification and microbial manure；

3. the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is implemented in the preventing and treating of disease pest and weed, from whole farmland production environment Ecosystem set out, the various prophylactico-therapeutic measures of integrated use, create be unfavorable for disease pest and weed grow, be conducive to all kinds of natural enemies procreation Environmental condition, reduce the loss that causes of disease pest and weed, based on integrated pest control in agriculture, use biological and physical method to prevent Control, do not use the pesticide of synthetic to carry out chemical prevention, when there being pest and disease damage to occur, the available mineral allowing to use or Plant medical agent carrys out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and diatom with limitation Soil, and microorganism and preparation thereof such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, it is possible to use sulfur with limitation The prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as sulphur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture；

Stablizing of farmland ecosystem to be maintained, it is impossible to cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, Plant residue will be cleared up after every batch of crop harvesting in time, heap after climing for melon or straw collecting is made fertilizer or also Tian Pei on the spot Fertile soil, make the agriculture Organic substance including, straw climing include melon all be integrated into utilizing, can not degrade including agricultural film Garbage all to reclaim and to be used.

Organic melon wilt described in step (3) is: after previous crops green soyabeans is gathered field pour water immediately and using straw as Green manure ploughs under to be taken advantage of high temperature and macerates rotten straw fertilizing soil in soil, then cultivate 1 batch of Fructus Melo after draining dry field, solarization soil of turning over, select suitable The melon variety of preferably local ecological condition cultivation is in nursery in July, by the end of July～early August covering with ground sheeting field planting.

Above-mentioned Fructus Melo organic farming, outdoor cropping typically uses zanjon height furrow covering with ground sheeting to cultivate with climbing, facility cultivation one As use zanjon height furrow, covering with ground sheeting, under-film drip irrigation, galvanized steel pipe greenhouse to hang climing cultivation.

The melon variety of above-mentioned suitable local ecological condition cultivation includes that the kind being suitable for outdoor cropping or applicable facility are planted The kind of training, be suitable for the kind of outdoor cropping be precocious, heat-resisting, cold-resistant, disease-resistant, pol is high, raciness, yield are high, being suitable for ought The Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of ground cultivation, including: Fengtian No. 1, south China 108, the sweet king of the U.S., Japanese sweet treasured, white sand honey；It is suitable for facility to plant The kind of training for growing under the conditions of low temperature and poor light, heat-resisting, resistance, bearing fruit property are good, fruit maturation is fast, quality is excellent, be suitable for The middle small fruit type precocity thick-skinned melon variety of local cultivation or high-quality Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties, including: Elizabethan, Snow White, Avenge EL in vain, Luo Tuo is fought in radix curcumae perfume, moonlight, Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels 9818, 'Zhongtian 1', gold monarch beautiful, clear No. 1, gold honey 6, sweet No. 4 of river in Zhejiang Province, west, Silver honey, the emerald green world fragrant, sweet.

Above-mentioned kind is to use the seed processed without banned substance, prohibits the use of transgenic seed.

The nursery of Fructus Melo includes that common nursery and graft seedling growth, common nursery are nutritive cube or hole plate seedling growth；Graft seedling growth Strong with Fructus Melo grafting affinity for selecting, well developed root system, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, do not affect the stock product of Fructus Melo quality and local flavor Kind carrying out graft seedling growth, stock variety includes: the glad anvil in pumpkin variety capital 3, river in Zhejiang Province anvil 2, holy anvil 1, Xin Tuzuo, hero, complete Can armor, south anvil 1, south anvil 3, and special stock Fructus Melo (this anvil) kind century star Fructus Melo, section's letter anvil 1, moral are high Iron prop.

Above-mentioned common nursery typically uses Shading net covering and measure nursery of taking shelter from rain in mid or late July, seedling age 12～20 days, The field planting when seedling 2～3 leaf 1 heart；Above-mentioned graft seedling growth typically in July early and middle ten days begin with Shading net covering and take shelter from rain measure Nursery, when the 1st true leaf of rootstock seedling occurs to just launching, scion young plant leaf start to turn green to cotyledon open and flat time carry out grafting, Seedling Age 20～25 days, go out garden field planting when grafting 2 leaf 1 heart～3 leaf 1 heart.

Above-mentioned Fructus Melo organic farming, typically by the end of July～early August covering with ground sheeting field planting, cultivates every mu of field planting 800 with climbing ～1000 strains；Facility hangs every mu of field planting of climing cultivation 1200～1500 strain.

The planting type of Fructus Melo includes cultivating with climbing or hanging climing cultivation, and the Plant adjustment mode cultivated with climbing is: main climing 4 ～pinching during 6 true leaves, the healthy and strong son of 3～4 different directions of growth of selecting and remain is climing, wait the son selected and remain is climing have 5～6 true leaves time again Secondary pinching, climing 3～4 of the healthy and strong grandson of the different direction of growth of selecting and remain on son is climing, when, after grandson's climing seat melon, staying 2 very after children's melon Leaf pinching；The Plant adjustment mode hanging climing cultivation is: the pinching when seedling has 3～5 true leaves, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays climing 2 of son, at son When the lateral bine of climing 7～11 joints is bloomed, after lateral bine female flower, stay 1～2 true leaf pinching, use artificial supplementary pollination or put Apis in a suitable place to breed Supple-mentary pollination promotes to bear fruit, and often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays 1～2 normotrophic children's melon, after the 1st batch of melon expands, at son the climing 15th～20 The lateral bine of joint when blooming, stays 1～2 true leaf pinching after lateral bine female flower, uses artificial supplementary pollination or puts Apis auxiliary in a suitable place to breed and award Powder promotes bearing fruit of the 2nd batch of melon, and fruit 1～2 is stayed in every strain again, and son is climing stays 5～10 joints to pinch more than joint position of bearing fruit, and does not tie melon Lateral bine is all extractd.

The fertilization principle of above-mentioned Fructus Melo organic farming, based on base manure, is rationally topdressed, by more than 80% use of total fertilization amount Make base manure, execute decomposed dung 2000～3000kg, cake fertilizer 50～100kg or the person poultry muck 2500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, in conjunction with whole Time fertilizer uniformly applied in the arable layer of Fructus Melo field planting row, after majority of plant beared fruit, want heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer, execute corruption for every mu The organic fertilizer 40～80kg of ripe cake fertilizer or Organic certification agency qualification, uses ditch spread or spreads manuer in holes, pouring water in time after topdressing.

Organic Bowl bean cultivation described in step (3) is: Fructus Melo is gathered after terminating and cleaned rural area in time, on melon wilt furrow Retaining the Bowl bean kind that the no-tillage direct sowing of original mulch film is suitable, organic cultivation method is managed routinely, and haricot is secondary End of gathering year mid-April allows stubble, as green manure, the straw after haricot of gathering is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, then cultivates 1 Stubble early rice.

Above-mentioned Bowl bean kind is that high yield, Resistant, tolerance to cold are relatively strong, wide adaptability, Pod Bearing Percentage are high and the Relatively centralized that bears pods Improved seeds, including: Ah pole gram this, little blue or green pod, Hangzhou spend in vain, Chengdu winter Semen Pisi sativi, middle pea 4, middle pea 6, select not Through the seed that banned substance processes, prohibit the use of transgenic seed.

The cultivation of above-mentioned organic Bowl bean is typically sowed in mid-October～mid-November, uses bunch planting, Reference Strains line-spacing 20～ 30cm × 40～50cm, every bunch planting 2～3 seeds, every mu of planting density more than l ten thousand strain, during sowing every mu with ground phosphate rock 20 ～40kg, potassium breeze 10～20kg mix and stir decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 1000～1500kg makees lid seed manure.

Rice growing organic morning described in step (3) is: after previous crops Bowl bean is gathered, Bowl bean straw is ploughed under soil of fostering and apply fertilizer in soil Earth, cultivates 1 batch of early rice after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with ploughing soil；Early rice selects the kind of suitable local environment in late March ～early April seeding and seedling raising, mid or late April rice transplanting, early rice harvesting after immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under Tanaka take advantage of high temperature macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae training Fertile soil.

Above-mentioned organic early rice planting and selecting disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good, meter Zhi Hao, suitably work as Ground ecological environment, quality reach country and plant the excellent non-transgenic early-paddy brown rice of substandard, and prioritizing selection is through Organic certification mechanism The organic paddy rice seed of certification；Using water-raised seedling method to concentrate seedling, rice seedling bed combines to turn over every mu to execute prior to seeding for 3～5 days to be filled The high-quality fertilizer 1000～2000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg is divided to make base manure；General at late March～4 The first tenday period of a month moon are sowed, and the length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 30 days.

Above-mentioned organic morning, rice growing carried out the rational application of fertilizer, in conjunction with ploughing soil according to front rush, middle control, the most steady fertilization principle The farm organic fertilizers 1000～2000kg such as every mu of barnyard manure executing fully to become thoroughly decomposed or cake fertilizer 100～150kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg do Base manure；After transplanting 4～5 days every mu impose and become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100～150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50～100kg makees tillering fertilizer, shine After the rehydration of field, horse back every mu executes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as ear manuer.

Organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation described in step (3) is: after the harvesting of previous crops early rice, Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate Rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, cultivates 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with arable land；Corm Eleocharitis selects to be suitable for the kind of locality cultivation, April Early and middle ten days begins with two-phase method and cultivates anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, and early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.

Above-mentioned organic Corm Eleocharitis is cultivated, and the kind of selection is disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, and bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, It is suitable for working as in the high yield cultivated, high-quality Corm Eleocharitis kind, including: Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County Corm Eleocharitis, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis.

The cultivation of above-mentioned two-phase method is anosis strong sprout: formerly year Corm Eleocharitis Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, tiller divide Strain field strong, without lodging, without disease pest harm makees seed field, select full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster consistent, individual big the most uniform, Terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, have the bulb of this varietal characteristic, use stage nursery (drought Seedling) and two Stage nursery (rice seedling bed Seedling) two-phase method nursery；First stage nursery (upland nursery) is: April early and middle ten days select wind sheltering to Sun, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil about 10cm, it is made into furrow wide 100～the seedbed of 150cm, plants shepherd's purse and use Clean clear water soaks 18～24 hours, takes out in neatly coming seedbed after draining open fire and carries out upland nursery, holding of periodically watering Ground moistening is to lifting, and early stage takes Small plastic shed and lid plastic sheeting carries out accelerating germination, transplants extremely when kind of top dome bud length 20～25cm Rice seedling bed carries out second stage nursery；Second stage nursery (rice seedling bed nursery) is: select irrigation and drainage abundant paddy field convenient, organic, After using sufficient base manure, water is ploughed and is made into seedling field, in mid or late May carrying out in the seedling replanting in cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed to rice seedling bed Rice seedling bed nursery, when height of seedling reaches 35～more than 40cm, field planting during cladode thick more than 0.5cm.

The principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in the fertilising of above-mentioned organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation, and base manure to be used sufficient, in conjunction with turning over The farm organic fertilizer such as farmyard manure or decomposed dung 2000～3000kg or person poultry muck 1000～2000kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed are executed in every mu of soil Or the rapeseed cake 150～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, separately adding ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium breeze 20kg makees base manure, acid heavier soil is when ploughing Quick lime 50～100kg/ mu to be executed；Early stage of topdressing based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage based on potash fertilizer, topdress after field planting 7 for the 1st time ～10 days, transplanting combines the 1st intertillage every mu and executes the night soil 400～500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed after turning green, to promote early tiller plant division, and the 2nd Secondary topdress every 10～15 days, execute in conjunction with weeding every mu and become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 70～80kg or plant ash 100～200kg promotes envelope row, the 3rd Secondary topdress at JIUYUE early and middle ten days, execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, separately add potassium breeze 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Organic green soyabeans cultivation described in step (3) is: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over after gathering solarization soil, uses sufficient after base manure in 3 months The last ten-days period～the suitable varieties of vegetable soybean of early and middle ten days direct sowing culture in April, the in good time pinching of full-bloom stage, before early July, green soyabeans is gathered end Allow stubble, field pour water immediately, green soyabeans straw is ploughed under as green manure and soil is taken advantage of high temperature macerates rotten straw fertilizing soil, then cultivate 1 Stubble Fructus Melo.

Above-mentioned suitable varieties of vegetable soybean is that plant type is compact, the concentration that bears pods, the big pod of grain is full, fine and tender taste, disease and insect resistance are relatively strong, Wide adaptability, yield are high, commodity is good, be suitable for the non-transgenic Early-mid ripening kind of local ecological condition cultivation, including: Taiwan 75, Taiwan 753, Taiwan 292, Japan's wealth and rank, the fresh 08-16 that revives, blue or green crisp No. 2, blue or green crisp No. 5, bean 5 of reviving, spring green.

The application process of above-mentioned base manure is: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over after gathering solarization soil, and executing, in conjunction with whole every mu, farmers' of becoming thoroughly decomposed has Machine fertile 1000～1500kg, ground phosphate rock 50kg makees base manure.

Above-mentioned organic green soyabeans cultivation include outdoor cropping and plastic film mulching cultivation, outdoor cropping typically in late March to April Early and middle ten days is sowed, and plastic film mulching cultivation is typically sowed in mid or late March；Using bunch planting, general density is about every mu of 20,000 strains, Reference line away from 30～40cm, spacing in the rows 15～25cm, every bunch planting 2～3；During sowing every mu with ground phosphate rock 20～40kg, potassium breeze 10～20kg mix and stir decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 1000～1500kg makees lid seed manure.

The in good time pinching of above-mentioned full-bloom stage is: in the pinching of full-bloom stage later stage, will extract 1～2cm by stem terminal bud, make nutrient collection Middle supply soybean pod, and make soybean pod full seed, maturation consistent, beneficially concentration is gathered and improves yield.

Crop rotation organic cultivation method of the present invention is particularly well-suited to In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.

The present invention has following good effect: Fructus Melo is a kind of happiness fertilizer high-efficiency and economic crop avoiding continuous cropping, rich water Asking higher, and pest species is many, harm weight, due to the reason such as accumulation of pathogen during continuous cropping, the soil transmissibility such as droop is sick The generation ratio of evil is more serious, is susceptible to soil continuous cropping obstacle, along with the increase of Cultivation time during Fructus Melo continuous cropping, and chemical fertilizer, pesticide Usage amount to increase year by year and can be only achieved expected yield, even if using chemical fertilizer, pesticide the most in a large number, also there will be and subtracting year by year The phenomenon produced, so Fructus Melo common cultivation is extremely difficult to the requirement of organic farming, if Fructus Melo organic farming to be carried out must be first First set up scientific and reasonable rotation system.Green soyabeans and Bowl bean are all weak to continuous cropping, green soyabeans and Bowl bean to be carried out with the crop such as Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L. Efficent rotation, not only improves the organic farming of green soyabeans and Bowl bean, can foster and apply fertilizer again and improve soil, beneficially Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L. etc. The organic farming of other rotation crops.Corm Eleocharitis is also weak to continuous cropping, and Corm Eleocharitis and Fructus Melo carry out rice field-upland field rotation not only better economic benefit, And Soil structure, culture fertility can also be improved, reduce the occurrence degree of pest and disease damage.Although Oryza sativa L. is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but Long-term continuous cropping also results in the accumulation of field pathogen and the increase of insect density.The present invention uses Fructus Melo and legume green soyabeans Scientific and reasonable crop rotation is carried out, except soil can be improved with Bowl bean, field crop Oryza sativa L. and efficient aquatic crops Corm Eleocharitis etc. Utilization rate, increase yield per unit area and improve product quality, increase economic efficiency outside, it is often more important that by rice field-upland field rotation shape Becoming distinct floods and droughts ecological environment, be possible not only to reduce Weed infestation, that destroys disease pest source grows environment to reduce disease pest The occurrence degree of evil, but also can equalize and utilize soil nutrient, improve soil physico-chemical property and soil fertility structure, form soil The change that earth physicochemical character etc. are had complementary advantages, promotes the reparation of soil environment；1 batch of green soyabeans and 1 batch is cultivated within 1 period of crop-rotation Bowl bean, haricot of gathering listing is eaten raw as vegetable, the most good in economic efficiency, but also can allow stubble, beneficially succession crop early Growth, after haricot of gathering, straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil as green manure, it is possible to reach that province is fertile, the purpose of high yield；With Time, after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after climing for melon or straw collecting is made fertilizer or also field fertilizing soil on the spot, preferably realizes Organic recovery, adds soil with organic matter content, improves soil fertility, can form the optimum of crop cultivation and follow Ring, maintains balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem, it is ensured that sustainable development of agricultural production, thus reaches organic farming Purpose.The present invention cultivates in strict accordance with prescription and the production specifications of organic farm products, produces whole Journey does not use the artificial synthetic such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone cultivate, by selecting the local foundation being suitable for Organic farming production base, select suitable kind, cultivate anosis strong sprout, timely field planting, use various feasible field management Comprehensive technical measure, makes full use of the resources such as light, heat, water, gas, fertilizer, creates and is conducive to Fructus Melo, Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis and green soyabeans Growth promoter and be unfavorable for the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, organic sweet can be carried out in same organic farming production base Melon, organic Bowl bean, organic early rice, organic Corm Eleocharitis and the cultivation of organic green soyabeans.Within 1 period of crop-rotation, 1 batch of organic green soyabeans fresh Pod yield is 700～900kg/ mus, and the yield of 1 batch of organic Fructus Melo is: outdoor cropping 1600～2100kg/ mu, facility cultivation 1800～2200kg/ mus, the haricot yield of 1 batch of organic Bowl bean is 750～950kg/ mus, and the yield of 1 batch of organic early rice is 480 ～560kg/ mu, the yield of 1 batch of organic Corm Eleocharitis is 1500～2500kg/ mus.Fructus Melo, Bowl bean, Corm Eleocharitis, early rice and the green soyabeans produced Not only quality is excellent, meets the prescription of organic farm products, and yield is high, do not have notable difference with the yield of conventional cultivation. The science of technology of this crop rotation organic cultivation method are reasonable, and practicality, with workable, is that a kind of efficient ecological circular agriculture is planted Training pattern, is suitable for extensive organic farming, has good society, economy and ecological benefits, have in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River Wide popularizing application prospect.

Detailed description of the invention

Below embodiment is had can the essence of the present invention to be described in detail, without limiting the present invention.

Embodiment 1

1. select the place being suitable for set up organic farming production base

The foundation of organic farming production base must comply with the production principle of organic agriculture, the relevant environment bar of production base Part has to comply with country's organic agriculture place of production standard.So traffic convenience to be selected, irrigation and drainage are convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area (general require at a distance of more than 10 kilometers), ecological condition are good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, pollute away from soot etc. Source (pollution-free source within least 5 kilometers of periphery) and traffic backbone, and there are the agricultural producing areas of sustainable production capacity Set up organic farming production base.Production base soil environment quality requires to be not less than " standard of soil environment quality " (GB Secondary standard in 15618-1995), and require that physical features physicochemical property invigorating, soil is good, water conservation fertilizer-preserving ability strong, soil layer Deep fertile, effective soil layer reaches more than 60cm, drainage of soil venting capability is good, biological activity strong, the content of organic matter is more than 15g/kg.Irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB 5084-2005), it is desirable to cleaning of having abundant water resources, Water quality is excellent, canal system is supporting.Ambient air quality is not less than two grades in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012) Standard, it is desirable to air cleaner.Organic production base should be of certain scale, and general cultivated area is not less than 10 hectares.Produce base Ground should be linked to be sheet, have integrity, can not be mingled with the plot carrying out conventional production therebetween, but allow to there is organic conversion plot. Production base requires opposed flattened, the good supporting ditch system of excavation, reaches in field that the outer irrigation canals and ditches in field are unimpeded, it is sharp to fill defecation.Organic production base Must there be obvious isolation strip on ground, such as river, irrigation canals and ditches etc. with the conventional plot intersection that produces.If plot, edge is likely subject to The impact that neighbouring conventional plot is polluted, then must arrange buffer strip or the physics barrier of about 10m between organic and conventional plot Hinder thing, the most contaminated to ensure organic plot.The quite a long time can be remained in the environment, by often in view of Cucumber Ability after the agricultural product results such as rule production system typically requires the transition period of 2 years to organic production conversion, the Fructus Melo cultivated thereafter As organic products, Fructus Melo and other agricultural product of cultivation in i.e. the 3rd year are only organic farm products.

2. prescription and production specifications according to organic farm products produce

Produce principle according to organic agriculture, to follow the course of nature and based on ecological principle, use breeding to combine, follow The agricultural technology of a series of sustainable developments such as ring regeneration, the balance maintaining farmland ecosystem and bio-diversity produces, In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of the artificial synthetics matter such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone or growth regulator, Do not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof.

(1) improvement of soil fertility and proper use of fertilizer

In order to ensure the sustainable production capacity in organic production base, fostering and apply fertilizer of soil is extremely important.Green soyabeans and Bowl bean are After important vegetable, grain, feedstuff and green manure dual-purpose crop, green soyabeans and Bowl bean results, green manure fertilizer efficiency height is done in stem stalk green manuring, can have Effect ground improves soil physical and chemical property, improves soil organic matter content, is enriched with and increases soil nutrient, is effectively improved soil fertile Power, can be that succession crop provides multiple available nutrient, reaches the purpose that land used is increased soil fertility and promoted the agriculture cultivation that organises, so planting Plant 1 batch of green soyabeans and 1 batch of Bowl bean be possible not only to obtain higher economic benefit, and can also culture fertility, supplement nutrient for soil, Improvement Soil structure, the production for agricultural product such as organic Fructus Melos is taken a firm foundation.Only allow application of organic fertilizers and plantation pulse family The green manure such as crop and straw-returning fertilizing soil, will use fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed.Chicken The fertilizer such as excrement, pig manure need to carry out harmless treatment in 2 months before administration, and fertilizer is mixed wet rear heap fermentation so that it is fully rotten Ripe.Shortcoming slowly is discharged, it is possible to use allow use to have fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing for fertilizer early stage available nutrient The microorganism fertilizers such as root nodule bacteria, bacillus cereus, photosynthetic bacteria and the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria of effect, the activity through probiotics is accelerated nutrient and is released Put, promote the crop effective utilization to nutrient.Allow the fertilizer type used except animal wastes and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, grass Outside wood ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, it be also possible to use the materials such as potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, it is possible to use through Organic certification mechanism The organic fertilizer of certification and microbial manure.

(2) disease pest and weed integrated control

Implement the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", from the ecosystem of whole farmland production environment, combine Close and use various prophylactico-therapeutic measuress, create the environmental condition being unfavorable for that disease pest and weed grows, is conducive to the procreation of all kinds of natural enemies, reduce disease The loss that Cordyceps evil causes, based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, does not use synthetic Pesticide carries out chemical prevention.Cultural control mainly by select resistance kind, carry out efficent rotation, cultivate of the right age anosis Strong sprout, use various possible cultivation technique measure to carry out the cultivation management of science, create be conducive to crop growth and not It is beneficial to the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, to strengthen the resistant to diseases and insects of plant.It is raw that biological and physical control is to try to protection Producing the ecological environment in base, maintain the ecological balance of nature, the hostile insect in Appropriate application sky carries out Biological control；Utilize insect The intrinsic light that becomes, the taste that becomes are to catch and kill insect, and every 2～3 hectares of production base to be installed 1 solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type is killed Worm lamp HLD-01) carry out insect-killing trapping.When pest and disease damage occurs more serious, it is possible to use allow some mineral and the plant used Medicament carrys out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr with limitation, And microorganism and preparation thereof such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, it is possible to use sulfur, stone with limitation The prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as ash, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture.

(3) protection base ecological environment

Require in process of production not cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, so will be timely after every batch of crop harvesting Cleaning plant residue, thoroughly sweeps, cleans base, is all transported by plant invalid body and destroys or buried, to reduce disease outside base Insect pest radix.Heap after climing for melon or straw collecting is made fertilizer or also field fertilizing soil on the spot, makes the agriculturals such as climing, the straw of melon have Machine thing is all integrated into utilizing.The garbage that agricultural film etc. can not be degraded all to reclaim and to be used.

3. use rational rotation system to carry out organic farming

Continuous cropping avoided by Fructus Melo, and during continuous cropping, not only the soil-borne disease such as droop occurs serious, and is susceptible to soil continuous cropping Obstacle, the most then underproduction, Chong Zehui garden has no harvest, so must formulate the rotation plan of science during Fructus Melo organic farming, sets up rationally Rotation system, to control disease pest harm and to prevent the generation of soil continuous cropping obstacle.Through years of researches and production practices, research With having summed up In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River autumn stubble Fructus Melo organic farming rotation system it is: green soyabeans Fructus Melo Bowl bean (the 1st year) Early rice Corm Eleocharitis (the 2nd year), every 2 years is 1 period of crop-rotation.Within 1st year, first cultivating 1 batch of green soyabeans, after green soyabeans is gathered, field fills immediately Water being ploughed under as green manure by straw is taken advantage of high temperature and is macerated rotten straw fertilizing soil in soil, then cultivate 1 after draining dry field, solarization soil of turning over Stubble Fructus Melo, Fructus Melo gathers after end no-tillage direct sowing Bowl bean on melon wilt furrow, and Bowl bean was gathered Semen phaseoli radiati in spring end next year Immediately straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation as green manure after pod, immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is turned over after early rice harvesting Entering Tanaka to take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, then cultivate 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis, Corm Eleocharitis is carried out by above-mentioned rotation cropping pattern after gathering again Cultivation.

(1) Fructus Melo organic production

Autumn stubble Fructus Melo can use zanjon height furrow covering with ground sheeting outdoor cropping, but in order to middle and lower reach of Yangtze River ground is mitigated or overcome The harmful effect that Fructus Melo particularly thick-skinned melon is cultivated by the unfavourable weather condition such as the dry season of district It is the end of summer, just turning into autumn, typhoon and heavy rain, Alleviate pest and disease damage harm, reduce the risk of common outdoor cropping, to ensure the yield and quality of Fructus Melo particularly thick-skinned melon, reach To high yield, stable yields, high-quality, efficient purpose, general use the facility cultivations such as booth, preferably with zanjon height furrow, covering with ground sheeting, Under-film drip irrigation, galvanized steel pipe greenhouse hang climing cultivation.Facility plastic greenhouse cultivation early stage can be sheltered from heat or light, be taken shelter from rain, and the later stage can be incubated, and can prevent sweet Melon stands heavy rain or the spray of heavy rain in rainwater particularly autumn tropical cyclone season, reduces the invasion and attack of pest and disease damage；Under-film drip irrigation is not only The impact on Muskmelon Growth of the dry season weather can be overcome, and the disease spread that broad irrigation causes can be prevented effectively from, also may be used Effectively reduce air humidity in canopy；Hang climing cultivation and can increase planting density, be effectively improved ventilation and penetrating light condition.Cultivating pipe above On the basis of reason measure, enhance field management, epidemic disaster suitable in keeping canopy in conjunction with rational ventilation, Ke Yichuan Make the environmental condition of beneficially Muskmelon Growth, thus improve the resistance of Fructus Melo, reach the purpose of organic farming.

1. of the right age anosis strong sprout is cultivated

Fruit variety: in the case of current China has obtained organic muskmelon seeds of certification the most, should select without taboo The seed processed with material, prohibits the use of transgenic seed.Outdoor cropping may select precocious, heat-resisting, cold-resistant, disease-resistant, pol is high, Raciness, yield are high, be suitable for the Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of locality cultivation, as Fengtian No. 1, south China 108, the sweet king of the U.S., Japanese sweet treasured, White sand honey etc..Facility cultivation grows under the conditions of being typically chosen in low temperature and poor light, heat-resisting, resistance, bearing fruit property are good, fruit maturation Hurry up, quality is excellent, be suitable for middle small fruit type precocity thick-skinned melon variety or the high-quality Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of locality cultivation, such as Yi Lisha In vain, Snow White, in vain avenge EL, radix curcumae perfume, moonlight, Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels 9818, 'Zhongtian 1', gold monarch beautiful, clear No. 1, gold honey No. 6, river in Zhejiang Province sweet 4 Number, west fights Luo Tuo, silver honey, emerald green fragrant, the sweet world etc..

Nurturing staff: at a time when nursery the whole year summer and autumn high temperature, arid season, sunshine is strong, time have storm, use Shading net covering and measure nursery of taking shelter from rain, to prevent seedling excessive growth.Typically use nutritive cube or hole plate seedling growth in mid or late July. Put into clean seed during seed soaking the warm water of 55 DEG C to scald plant and kill the pathogenic bacteria that seed carries in 10～15 minutes, be stirred continuously to water Temperature drop is to about 30 DEG C, then soaks seed 3～4 hours, then wraps with wet gauze and puts at room temperature accelerating germination, when major part seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally Time can sow.After planting cover 1cm thickness Nutrition Soil, water permeable.Fine day 9:00 every day～16:00 seedbed want covered with sunshade net to prevent High temperature.Throw off sunshade net after emerging in time, add forced ventilation, prevent high temperature, super-humid conditions from causing high foot Seedling.Such as Seedling Stage after emerging Running into the high temperature of more than 35 DEG C, fine day can hide 2～3 hours with sunshade net, prevent high temperature from scalding Seedling noon.1st true leaf occurs Before should suitably control to water, but summer, evaporation capacity was big, you should pay special attention to seedbed soil moisture conservation, prevented the dead Seedling of arid.Seedling age 12～20 days, Field planting is got final product when seedling 2～3 leaf 1 heart.

In order to improve resistance and the adaptability of Fructus Melo, prevent the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as droop, can select with sweet Melon grafting affinity is strong, and well developed root system is disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, does not affect the quality of Fructus Melo and the stock variety of local flavor, such as south The glad anvil in melon kind capital 3, river in Zhejiang Province anvil 2, holy anvil 1, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, south anvil 1, south anvil 3, and special Stock Fructus Melo (this anvil) kind century star Fructus Melo, section's letter anvil 1, moral height iron prop etc. carry out graft seedling growth.Typically in July is upper Begin with Shading net covering and measure nursery of taking shelter from rain ten days, when the 1st true leaf of rootstock seedling occurs to just launching, scion young plant Ye Kai Begin to turn green to cotyledon open and flat time carry out grafting, use method of plant propagation with cutting grafting.After grafting, graft seedling growth management method is managed routinely Reason.Seedling age 20～25 days, can go out garden field planting when grafting 2 leaf 1 heart～3 leaf 1 heart.

2. field planting in good time

The bedding of whole ground and basal dressing: after previous crops green soyabeans is gathered, pour water immediately and ploughed under in soil as green manure by straw in field (must first the removing mulch film of plastic film mulching cultivation) is taken advantage of high temperature and is macerated rotten straw fertilizing soil, then draining dry field, solarization soil of turning over.Fixed Use sufficient base manure before planting, execute decomposed dung 2000～3000kg, cake fertilizer 50～100kg or the person poultry muck 2500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, knot When closing whole ground, fertilizer is uniformly applied in the arable layer of Fructus Melo field planting row, in order to Root Absorption.Outdoor cropping typically uses zanjon High furrow covering with ground sheeting is cultivated with climbing, furrow width (bag ditch) 1.8～2.0m, and holds successfully and enclose ditch, furrow ditch, accomplishes that ditch ditch communicates in order to row Water；Facility cultivation can use cultivates or hangs climing cultivation with climbing, many employing zanjon height furrow, covering with ground sheeting, under-film drip irrigation, coating steel pipes Booth hangs climing cultivation, and each standard galvanized steel pipe greenhouse (30m × 6m) opens zanjon in the middle of canopy, and 2 little high furrow are respectively made in ditch both sides, 1 drip irrigation pipe is laid in the middle of every little high furrow.

In time field planting: typically by the end of July～early August covering with ground sheeting field planting, cultivate field planting 1 row in the middle of every furrow, strain with climbing Away from 35～45cm, every mu of field planting 800～1000 strain；Facility hangs climing cultivation every furrow field planting duplicate rows, spacing in the rows 40～50cm, general every mu Field planting 1200～1500 strain, each standard booth is kept a full stand of seedings 400 strains.

3. field management

Plant adjustment: the Melon of outdoor cropping is climing and grandson's climing knot melon based on son, typically at main climing 4～6 true leaves Time timely pinching, the healthy and strong son of 3～4 different directions of growth of selecting and remain is climing, and the son wiping out other small and weak or unnecessary is climing；To be selected and remain The climing pinching again when having 5～6 true leaves of son, 3～4 healthy and strong grandsons of the different direction of growth of simultaneously selecting and remain on son is climing are climing, equally Wipe out other small and weak or unnecessary grandsons climing；When, after grandson's climing seat melon, staying 2 true leaf pinching after children's melon, note son is climing, grandson during pinching Climing it is evenly distributed, and presses soil block on son is climing.The pinching when seedling has 3～5 true leaves during facility cultivation, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays son climing Article 2, extract the lateral bine of below the climing joint position of bearing fruit of son；When the lateral bine of son climing 7～11 joint is bloomed, after lateral bine female flower, stay 1～2 True leaf pinching, and carry out artificial supplementary pollination or put Apis supple-mentary pollination in a suitable place to breed and promote to bear fruit, son is climing pinches and (i.e. exists about 25 joints 5～10 joints are stayed to pinch more than this bears fruit joint position after son the 2nd batch of fruit of climing seat), often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 1～2 normotrophic children's melon, the After 1 batch of melon fully expands, when the 15th～20 lateral bines saved that son is climing are bloomed, after lateral bine female flower, stay 1～2 true leaf pinching, And carry out artificial supplementary pollination or put Apis supple-mentary pollination in a suitable place to breed and promote bearing fruit of the 2nd batch of melon, fruit 1～2 is stayed in every strain again, does not tie melon Lateral bine all extract.

Rich water quality management: the fertilization principle of organic melon wilt, based on base manure, is rationally topdressed, by the 80% of total fertilization amount with Upper as base manure.Can drink according to Seedling gesture after field planting survives and execute dilute people and animals' fecaluria that becomes thoroughly decomposed 1 time as carrying seed manure, at majority of plant Want heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer, every mu of organic fertilizer about 50kg executing become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer or Organic certification agency qualification after bearing fruit, use Ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, pours water in time after topdressing, can impose according to growing way 1 time later again.Typically watering 2～3 times, fruit maturation is gathered Within first 10 days, do not rewater.

Disease pest and weed is prevented and treated: mainly use integrated pest control in agriculture: by selecting the kind of resistance, carrying out rationally wheel Make, cultivate of the right age anosis strong sprout, carry out the grafting cultivation cultivation management with science, use facility cultivation if desired, pass through facility Regulation booth epidemic disaster, the aggregate measures such as covered with plastic film and sunshade net carry out taking shelter from rain, sunshade cultivation, control well temperature and Air humidity, creates and is conducive to Muskmelon Growth and is unfavorable for the environmental condition that pest and disease damage occurs, to strengthen the disease-resistant of plant Ability.Next to that use biological and physical control, as utilized the natural enemy such as coccinella septempunctata, Encarsia formosa to prevent to eliminate aphis, trialeurodes vaporariorum, When aphid insect density reaches 8～11 every mu, on melon is climing, hangs Ladybird egg card (every mu is hung 250 pieces) prevents eliminating aphis； With frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, the yellow insect-killing trapping such as plate, backboard, lure as installed solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp HLD-01) Murder worm, fall ovum amount so that insect is greatly reduced, force down insect population cardinal sum density, or every mu hang 30～40 block specifications be 25cm × The yellow plate of 40cm and backboard insect-killing trapping；Can also be used with Silver Grey Mulching Film covering and keep away aphid, cover with fly net or envelope during facility cultivation Close booth and leak informaton mouth to stop that the physical measure such as insect entrance, to reach pest control, protect the purpose of beneficial insect.Work as disease pest When evil occurs heavier, can use the plant source Biocidal antibacterial such as soft soap, matrine or local growing plants (Herba Houttuyniae, Bulbus Allii, Herba Menthae, tansy, Melia azedarach L. etc.) extractant carrys out pest control, as with neem oil 2000～3000 times of liquid preventing and treating Liriomyzas, used The tansy liquid of 30g/L (fresh weight) is anti-to eliminate aphis and acarid, with Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii mixed liquor and the generation of the pre-preventing disease and pest of Bulbus Allii leachate；Also Rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr can be used with limitation, and microorganism and preparation thereof are such as Bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, also can use sulfur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture with limitation Deng prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Prevention and control of weeds may utilize mulch film all standing suppression weed growth, it is possible to use improving straw mulching prevents weeds raw Long, use artificial weeding if desired.

Additionally, in the course of cultivation, the branches and tendrils under bud drop, fallen flowers, fallen leaves, shedding, seacteur and disease to be removed in time Worm strain, invalid strain, Lao Ye, sick leaf and deformity melon and weeds, eliminate vector and the source of infection etc. of pest and disease damage.

4. gather

Typically before the mid-autumn or National Day, started listing of gathering, the mid-autumn can be met and National Day two saves the demand to Fructus Melo. Produce Fructus Melo quality excellent, yield is high, meets the production requirement of organic Fructus Melo, general yield outdoor cropping be 1600～ 2100kg/ mu, facility cultivation is 1800～2200kg/ mus.Use facility cultivation, organic cultivation method of the present invention and conventional cultivation (CK1 did not plant the soil cultivation of melon crop, used compound fertilizer 75kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, urine for every mu method in selecting nearly 3 years Element 20kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, use chemical agent to carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control no less than 4 times), common rice field-upland field rotation organic farming side (CK2, rotation system is method: spring stubble facility Fructus Melo late rice Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) green manure (the 1st year) early rice autumn stubble facility Fructus Melo Dish Bowl bean (the 2nd year)) compare test, 3 standard galvanized steel pipe greenhouses (30m × 6m) are planted in each process.Test knot Fruit shows: the disease pest harm of organic cultivation method the 1st of the present invention～the 3rd period of crop-rotation is the lightest, stable yield, not only product Mass ratio CK1 significantly improves, and reaches the standard of organic products, and low unlike CK1 of average product；Common rice field-upland field rotation has Machine cultural method (CK2) is although the disease pest the 1st period of crop-rotation endangers gently, yield is the highest, but the 2nd, the 3rd period of crop-rotation Disease pest harm substantially increase the weight of, yield significantly reduces (being shown in Table 1).

Table 1 organic cultivation method of the present invention and conventional cultivation method (CK1), common rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method (CK2) autumn stubble melon yield when using facility cultivation, quality and pest and disease damage a situation arises comparison sheet

(2) green soyabeans organic production

Green soyabeans is the previous crops of Fructus Melo, and its organic production is as follows.

1. Fruit variety and seed treatment

Select to be suitable for the varieties of vegetable soybean of local ecological condition cultivation, be typically chosen that plant type is compact, the concentration that bears pods, the big pod of grain Full, fine and tender taste, disease and insect resistance are compared with Early-mid ripening kind strong, that wide adaptability, yield are high, commodity is good, such as Taiwan 75, Taiwan 753, Taiwan 292, Japan's wealth and rank, the fresh 08-16 that revives, blue or green crisp No. 2, blue or green crisp No. 5, bean 5 of reviving, spring green etc..Seed quality to be selected Reach the non-transgenic seed of more than national standard one-level.

Select fine day to be shone by seed before sowing 1～2 day, then use temperature to scald seed soaking, i.e. seed is put into seed weight 3～4 In 55 DEG C of warm water (1 part of cold water converted by 2 parts of boiled water) again, being stirred continuously, water temperature continues seed soaking about 30 minutes after being down to room temperature, then Dress seed with nitragin, i.e. mix and i.e. use.

2. begin sowing in good time

The bedding of whole ground and basal dressing: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over after gathering solarization soil, executes, in conjunction with whole every mu, the farm organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed 1000～1500kg, ground phosphate rock 50kg makees base manure.Use zanjon height bedding cultivation, general furrow wide 1.5～2m, hold furrow ditch, Yao Gou successfully With enclose ditch, accomplish that three ditches are supporting, rain is cut off the water dry, without hydrops in ditch.

Sowing in time: outdoor cropping is typically sowed to early and middle ten days in April in late March, and plastic film mulching cultivation is typically in 3 months The last ten-days period are sowed.Using bunch planting, general density is about every mu of 20,000 strains, reference line away from 30～40cm, spacing in the rows 15～25cm, every cave Broadcast 2～3.Every mu is mixed and stirred decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 1000 with ground phosphate rock 20～40kg, potassium breeze 10～20kg ～1500kg makees lid seed manure.

3. field management

In time final singling and middle weeding: after the coming up of plastic film mulching cultivation, want timely rupture of membranes put Seedling, and with native by Seedling The mould of surrounding is tight.Green soyabeans Seedling all sprout after in time thinning and final singling, general every cave stays Seedling 2 strain, as be found to have phenomenon of being short of seedling want and Time fill the gaps with seedlings.Weeding 2～3 times in the non-Feng Hangqian of plant also wants of non-plastic film mulching cultivation.

Rich water quality management: be typically not required in the case of base is executed topdress using sufficient, if leaf is little, color is light, Seedling is weak, branch is short in seedling performance Etc. fertility deficiency symptom, can every mu execute plant ash 100～150kg make promote seed manure；In fruiting period of blooming as there is fertilizer deficiency symptom, often Mu can impose the high-quality chicken manure 100kg or cake fertilizer 50kg fully become thoroughly decomposed or plant ash 100kg and make flower pod fertilizer.Green soyabeans is drought-enduring, water funk Flood, the rainfall of the Yangtze river basin is abundant, and except special year the most typically need not water, the flower pod phase, it is noted that drought resisting water drainage, keeps soil Moistening, in case of arid to be watered in time.

Pinching in good time: in the pinching of full-bloom stage later stage, will extract 1～2cm by stem terminal bud, make nutrient centralizedly supply soybean pod, And making soybean pod full seed, maturation consistent, beneficially concentration is gathered and improves yield.

Disease pest and weed is prevented and treated: adhere to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", main for weather conditions and green soyabeans The pests occurrence rule of disease pest and weed, takes corresponding prophylactico-therapeutic measures.Main by efficent rotation, selection disease-resistant variety and disease-free seed Begin sowing in good time, rational close planting, employing zanjon height plot of land film mulching and planting, be strictly on guard against field hydrops, gather after remove in time residual branch and lose The agricultural measures such as leaf and weeds is prevented and treated.Reasonable utilization biology and physical control, as used sunlight to bask seeds, hot water treatment of seeds and kill The pathogenic bacteria that the surface of the seed carries；Protect natural enemies, creates the environmental condition being conducive to natural enemy existence, uses frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, Huang Plate or gyplure are trapped and killed the adult pests such as Prodenia litura, are covered Silver Grey Mulching Film or hang silver grey film bar repellent aphid etc..Necessary Time biological pesticide can be used to carry out Biological control, as prevented with 0.3% matrine or the biological pesticide such as Bt preparation and rotenone Control insect.Cultivated by the various agricultural such as intensive cultivation, in good time intertillage, artificial weeding, rational close planted and plastic film mulching cultivation and arrange Pressure grass is increased soil fertility, controlling weeds.

4. timely collecting

, when soybean pod loose, Grain Filling full, soybean pod be emerald green timely collecting sufficient in drum grouting in grain latter stage.Typically Listing of gathering is started in mid or late June, end of gathering before early July, every mu of Fresh pod yield 700～900kg.After green soyabeans is gathered Pour water immediately and ploughed under as green manure by straw and take advantage of high temperature in soil and macerate rotten straw fertilizing soil (plastic film mulching cultivation necessary in field First remove mulch film).

(3) Bowl bean organic production

Bowl bean is the rear work of Fructus Melo, and its organic production is as follows.

1. Fruit variety and seed treatment

Selection high yield, Resistant, tolerance to cold are relatively strong, wide adaptability, Pod Bearing Percentage are high and the improved seeds of the Relatively centralized that bears pods, As Ah pole gram this, little blue or green pod, Hangzhou spend in vain, the kind such as Chengdu winter Semen Pisi sativi, middle pea 4, middle pea 6.Should select without disabling thing The seed that matter processes, prohibits the use of transgenic seed.

1～2 day is first basked seeds to improve seed vitality and water absorbing capacity, it is ensured that emerge neat before sowing.Temperature is used to scald leaching again Kind, seed soaking in the warm water of 55 DEG C will be put within 10～15 minutes, kill the pathogenic bacteria that seed carries by seed, be stirred continuously to water temperature and drop To about 30 DEG C, soak seed the most again about 1 hour.Then dress seed with root nodule bacteria, every mu with nitragin 10～20 grams, with Just can sow after seed mixing, i.e. mix and i.e. use.

2. begin sowing in good time

The previous crops of Bowl bean is Fructus Melo, applies fertilizer more during due to cultivation Fructus Melo, also has more remaining fertilizer not to be finished in soil, And the loosing soil cultivating Fructus Melo is breathed freely, can be with zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating Bowl bean, typically without basal dressing, as long as with the matting that becomes thoroughly decomposed Lid seed manure made by fertilizer or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes.

Typically sow in mid-October～mid-November, open field soil.Rural area is cleaned in time after end gathered by Fructus Melo, if Execute the dismounting canopy film of cultivation, heap after climing for melon collection is made fertilizer.Then on melon wilt furrow, original mulch film is retained no-tillage Directly sow Bowl bean, use bunch planting, Reference Strains line-spacing 20～30cm × 40～50cm, every bunch planting 2～3 seeds, every mu of plantation Density is more than l ten thousand strain.After planting cover decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 2～3cm.Phosphorus ore is used for every mu during general sowing Powder 20～40kg, potassium breeze 10～20kg mix and stir decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 1000～1500kg makees lid seed manure.

3. field management

Look into Seedling after emerging in time to fill a vacancy, middle weeding 1～2 times, before surviving the winter, carry out 1 ridging, heat-preserving anti-freezing.Cultivate sweet Generally it is not required to topdress during soil cultivation Bowl bean after melon, if seedling stage, Seedling colour cast was yellow, is presented with fertilizer deficiency symptom, can fit and execute 1 seed manure, executes thin person poultry muck 500kg or decomposed manure 500～800kg promotion growth of seedling stalwartness and root nodule shape for every mu Become.Also can suitably impose flower, pod fertilizer in early flowering season and fruiting period, thin person poultry muck, methane liquid or the cake fertilizer etc. that becomes thoroughly decomposed can be used. The Sheng that bears pods phase soil often to keep moistening, and the rainfall of the Yangtze river basin is abundant, except the most typically need not pour water, like rain special year Water excess draining in time should drop stain, and the rainy day carries out ditch cleaning drainage works.Climing property kind starts support as plant height 30cm, can will carry The branch (removing blade) of the little bamboo stem of the tip or band branch is inserted in the ranks or bracing wire is drawn climing, in order to plant climbs growth.

Disease pest and weed prevent and treat: disease pest and weed preventing and treating mainly use cultural control, pest and disease damage can by select Resistant kind, Select disease-free seed to begin sowing in good time, efficent rotation, rational close planting and timely support draw and climing improve field ventilation and penetrating light condition, hold successfully Drain ditch in the field reduces field humidity, pulls out diseased plant, sick leaf and sick pod in time, cleans the measure preventing and treatings such as rural area after results in time； Weed growth is prevented by plastic film mulching cultivation.Reasonable utilization biology and physical control, Protect natural enemies, create and be conducive to sky simultaneously The environmental condition of enemy's existence, uses frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table trapping adult, hangs silver grey film bar repellent aphid etc..

4. timely collecting

When soybean pod grows to 8～9 ripe, the seed in soybean pod is fully grown up and is gathered during tympanites.Typically start in March next year Gather, end of gathering about mid-April, the fresh pod of every per mu yield 750～950kg.Haricot removes mulch film immediately after gathering, field fills Water, ploughs under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation using straw as green manure.

(4) early rice organic production

Cultivation early rice anosis strong sprout the most in good time

Fruit variety: disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good in selection, meter Zhi Hao, suitable local ecology Environment, quality reach country and plant the excellent non-transgenic early-paddy brown rice of substandard, and prioritizing selection is through Organic certification agency qualification Organic paddy rice seed.

Begin sowing in good time, cultivate tiller strong sprout: during presoaking and germinating, about 10 hours can be soaked seed to kill seed with 1% lime water The pathogenic microorganism on surface, carries out presoaking and germinating after cleaning with clear water according to a conventional method；Or kill the surface of the seed with the boiling hot seed soaking of temperature Pathogen, will put in 55 DEG C of warm water and soak seed 10～20 minutes by seed, and be stirred continuously, water temperature is down to after room temperature routinely Method carries out presoaking and germinating, and accelerating germination shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can sow to broken breast.

General use water-raised seedling method to concentrate seedling, rice seedling bed within 3～5 days, combine prior to seeding turn over every mu execute fully become thoroughly decomposed excellent Matter fertilizer 1000～2000kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg make base manure.Typically broadcast at late March～early April Kind, after planting keep seedling bed to moisten, based on diaphragm seal insulation, moisturizing to 1.5 leaves；Alternation of wetting and drying after 2 leaf 1 hearts, fills Horse race water, fine day takes off film ventilation seedling exercising the most afterwards, prevents rice shoot from burning, and after 3 leaf phases, fine day starts to take off lid seedling exercising at night day, moves Plant first 3 days and all take off film；5～7 days suitably dilute night soil of the amount of chasing after or methane liquids before transplanting, the length of time rice seedlings grow controls within 30 days.

2. land for growing field crops prepares and rice transplanting

Land for growing field crops prepares: previous crops is Bowl bean, and Bowl bean straw ploughs under soil of having fostered and apply fertilizer in soil, base manure not BITAI during cultivation early rice Many, execute general with ploughing soil every mu the farm organic fertilizers 1000～2000kg such as the barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed or cake fertilizer 100～ 150kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg make base manure.After turning over keep 3～3.3cm water layers harrow a field, plough rake whole after prepare rice transplanting.

Rice transplanting in time: typically in mid or late April rice transplanting, uses and manually plants or transplanting.Reference Strains line-spacing 17cm × 20cm, Planting Densities 1.8 ten thousand～2.2 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants/mu, every root and stem of certain plants is inserted the suckering plant of 2～3 paddy, is participated Basic Seedling 70,000～10 for every mu Ten thousand.

3. field management

The rational application of fertilizer: according to front rush, middle control, the most steady fertilization principle, suitably executes tillering fertilizer in the case of base manure abundance With take the circumstances into consideration to use fringe granulated fertilizer.General after transplanting 4～5 days every mu impose become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100～150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50～ 100kg makees tillering fertilizer, and after dry field rehydration, horse back every mu executes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as fringe Fertile.

Water management: should make full use of filling draining to regulate the water in rice field, fertilizer, air and heat, create the field of suitable paddy growth Between miniclimate.Water management accomplishes there is water cutting seedling, and the shallow water root and stem of certain plants, tiller alive, Seedling foot dry field (i.e. reaches about 200,000/mu when Seedling number Time start dry field), to moisten after dry field rehydration, keep dry and wet irrigation method, note rice shoot turn green after draining in 2～3 days Open field, to cultivate good root system, open field 2～after 3 days again answer shallow water, the later stage can not be dehydrated too early, in order to avoid affecting mass of 1000 kernel.

4. disease pest and weed preventing and treating

Preferentially use cultural control, by select disease-resistant variety, efficent rotation, cultivation strengthen seedling, rational close planting, enrich organic Fertile, remove the Healthy culture measures such as weeds, Scientific Regulation rich water, in good time dry field in time and improve field microclimate so that it is ventilate thoroughly Light is good, strengthens the resistance of plant self, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage；Thoroughly remove irrigation canals and ditches the edge of a field weeds, Oryza sativa L. residuum, subtract The place that few pest and disease damage grows；By measures such as rational close planting, the water and fertilizer managements increasing Basic Seedling and science, make Oryza sativa L. early envelope OK, reach to suppress the purpose of weed growth；Manually cut weeds control crop smothering by farming weed eradication and using.Next to that use biology With physical control, pest natural enemy such as birds, batrachia, Aranea, parasitic wasp etc. are utilized to control the population quantity of insect, as when rice field moth Trichogramma releases preventing and treating rice leaf roller, striped rice borer and yellow rice borer when worm insect population radix reaches 100/mu；Prevented by duck-raising enclosed paddy fields Control the insect pests such as planthopper, striped rice borer, yellow rice borer and control weeds in field；Use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping striped rice borer, leaf roll snout moth's larva, The insects such as non-glutinous rice plant hopper, mini pest uses yellow card's trap.Can be selected for when pest and disease damage is more serious through Organic certification agency qualification Biological pesticide preparation prevent and treat, as with bacillus subtilis wettable powder preventing and treating rice blast and false smut, with Bt preparation, Chemical control striped rice borer, the rice leaf roller such as azadirachtin preparation, with preventing and treating rice such as matrine, azadirachtin preparation, beauveria fungus preparations Plant hopper.

5. gather in the crops

Early rice is typically ripe in mid or late July, gathers in the crops in time after maturation, it is desirable to single receipts, singles, single solarization, single storage, after drying Unified sale.Average per mu yield 480～560kg.

(5) Corm Eleocharitis organic production

1. land for growing field crops prepares

Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after the harvesting of previous crops early rice Tanaka immediately take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, remove field and surrounding Ridge weeds and stubble.The farm organic fertilizer such as farmyard manure or decomposed dung 2000～3000kg or corruption is executed in conjunction with real tillage every mu Ripe person poultry muck 1000～2000kg or the rapeseed cake 150～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, separately add ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium breeze 20kg makees base manure. Acid heavier soil quick lime 50～100kg/ mu to be executed when ploughing.Two plough two rakes, make face, field smooth, keep active soil stratum 20～25cm, and keep 2～5cm shoaling layers, accomplish that face, field is smooth, mud work, clay fertilizer, grass are clean, water foot treats field planting.

2. cultivation Corm Eleocharitis anosis strong sprout

Fruit variety: select disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, is suitable for the height of locality cultivation Product, high-quality Corm Eleocharitis kind, such as Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County's water chestnut The improved seeds such as shepherd's purse, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis.

Reserving seed for planting and plant shepherd's purse and select: formerly year Corm Eleocharitis Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, tiller plant division are strong, without falling Volt, without disease pest endanger field make seed field.Profile rounding, epidermis is taken without damaged, terminal bud lateral bud sturdy sound, skin when gathering Dark brown, single bulb weight more than 20g, the bulb storage with institute's cultivar feature are passed the winter, it is also possible to preserve at field wintering March in next year has dug direct nursery.

Nurturing staff: the Yangtze river basin preferably uses two-phase method nursery, i.e. one stage nursery (drought Seedling) and two-stage nursery (seedling Tian Miao) two-phase method nursery, need to plant shepherd's purse 110～200 for every mu of land for growing field crops, sowing quantity 2.0～5.0kg.A. first stage nursery (drought Ground nursery): typically at early and middle ten days selection in April hidding and sunny side, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil is about 10cm, broken for thin for soil hoe hoe, is made into furrow wide 100～the seedbed of 150cm；Corm Eleocharitis digging after that preserve or field wintering preserve Middle reselection is full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster consistent, and individual big uniform, terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, have The bulb of this varietal characteristic, soaks 18～24 hours with clean clear water, takes out and drains open fire, according to line-spacing 15～20cm, spacing in the rows 5 ～8cm neatly comes in seedbed, making terminal bud upwards, uniform fold thin sand and soil after the water of spray vola, thickness is advisable to cover terminal bud, fixed Phase waters holding ground moistening to lifting；Early stage takes Small plastic shed because of the low need of temperature and lid plastic sheeting carries out accelerating germination, after entering May Available Shading net covering prevents direct sunlight from burning seedling, transplants to rice seedling bed when kind of top dome bud length 20～25cm and carries out second-order Duan Yumiao.B. second stage nursery (rice seedling bed nursery): typically select irrigation and drainage abundant paddy field convenient, organic mid-May, often Mu is executed and is become thoroughly decomposed farm organic fertilizer 2000～3000kg or become thoroughly decomposed dung polluted water 1500～2000kg or the cake fertilizer 150kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed makees base manure, Turn over seedling field by the soil water plough be made into pasty state, accomplish that the flat mud in field is rotten；In mid or late May, in cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed, lifting moves Plant, Reference Strains line-spacing 40～50cm × 50～60cm, every cave 1 young plant；Early stage water irrigating depth 2～3cm after transplanting seedlings, should not surpass the most deeply Crossing 4cm, the later stage depth of water keeps 3～5cm；Topdress seedling stage and preferably gently execute duty and execute, transplant latter about 15 days every mu water and execute 30% loose stool water Or dilute methane liquid 500～1000kg, and weed Fender grass, every about 10 days every mu water again and execute 30% loose stool water or dilute methane liquid 500 ～1000kg；After 30～40 days, height of seedling reaches 35～more than 40cm, field planting during cladode thick more than 0.5cm.

3. field planting in good time

General in mid or late July field planting, at the latest less than the beginning of autumn.1 clump, every cave during field planting, every clump has 3～5 cladodes, The field planting degree of depth is advisable to enter mud 10～12cm.If rice shoot is the highest, the tip of a branch should be prescinded, stay cladode high 30～35cm, or by the tip During head discounting cultivation is buried, in order to avoid being broken by windbreak after field planting and shaking stock.In order to improve field ventilation and penetrating light, reduce pest and disease damage Generation, during organic farming should suitable thin planting, density is generally 2500～3000 caves/mu, Reference Strains line-spacing 40～50cm × 50 ～60cm.

4. field management

Topdress: the principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in fertilising, and base manure to be used sufficient, early stage of topdressing with nitrogenous fertilizer is in good time Master, later stage are based on potash fertilizer.Topdress for 1st time after field planting 7～10 days, transplant and combine the 1st intertillage every mu after turning green and execute and become thoroughly decomposed Night soil 400～500kg, to promote early tiller plant division；Topdress for 2nd time every 10～15 days, about in the August of plant vigorous growth In the middle ten days, execute become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 70～80kg or plant ash 100～200kg promotion envelope row in conjunction with weeding every mu；Topdress in JIUYUE for 3rd time Early and middle ten days, imposes balling according to full field growing state fertile, the center strain of cladode color burn, ramet the most on the ground in right amount Execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu when starting pumping scape, separately add potassium breeze 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Water management: keep about 3cm shoaling layer in order to taking root during field planting, keep the depth of water 5～8cm in order to work after field planting The root and stem of certain plants, keeps shoaling layer 2～5cm in order to plant division, accelerates gradually to deepen to pour water along with plant strain growth later after turning green, vigorous period Keep water layer 6～9cm, want appropriateness draining dry field at the beginning of 9 months such as stem and leaf over growth by the end of August, to suppress too much plant division, promote to carry Early knot shepherd's purse, expansion of corms phase mid-September to mid-October keeps the depth of water 5～10cm, late October field start to cut off the water supply, keep shallow Water moistens；Mid or late November digs trenches to drain the water away in order to excavating.

Middle weeding: combining for 7～10 days after field planting topdresses carries out the 1st intertillage, cuts weeds with hand-lifting.Every 10～15 days Topdress in conjunction with the 2nd time and carry out weeding in the 2nd time, find that the close ground of Seedling can take out a part of thin and delicate Seedling, promote ventilation and penetrating light, Make strain clump robust growth, enhance disease resistance.The formation of corm phase is strictly on guard against that people and animals go to the field, in order to avoid stepping on disconnected sobole.

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: preferentially use cultural control, such as efficent rotation, selection Resistant kind, selects anosis field to stay Plant, select anosis kind of ball work kind, nurturing staff；Rational close planting, suitable thin planting, keep ventilation and penetrating light between good strain；Strengthen Cultivation management, apply fertilizers scientifically, enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer, strengthen plant resistant to diseases and insects；Cleaning rural area in time, winter, cladode was withered After residual for field stem dead leaf is all removed, focus on or retting compost, root out limit, field weeds, reduce first the invading of pest and disease damage in the coming year Dye source；Science Guan Shui, it is to avoid string filling, flood irrigation and the water by morbidity Tanaka pour into anosis Tanaka, period of disease appropriateness dry field, reduce wet Degree, moistens little cracking (i.e. mud surface is hard, and the inside is soft) be advisable to shine to face, field, rehydration immediately after junction；Land for growing field crops plough is every when turning over Mu is executed quick lime 50～100kg and is carried out soil disinfection.Advocate and use biological and physical control, protection batrachia predation Field Pests, Utilize the natural enemy predation insects such as trichogramma, Cao Ling, Encarsia formosa, ladybug, wasp fly；Use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp or sex attractant Trapping Prodenia litura, white standing grain snout moth's larva etc., use yellow card's trap alatae adult.Their early stage is pulled out diseased plant in time and is taken out of outside field deep Bury, can prevent and treat with Bt preparation with bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis or Paenibacillus polymyxa controlling disease if desired Insect pest.

5. gather

About in mid or late November, the ground stem and leaf of Corm Eleocharitis starts the most withered and the most yellow and gradually withered lodging, bulb skin When color is transformed into yellowish-brown to bronzing by white, bulb maturation can be gathered.General after mid-December, per day temperature Degree is down to less than 5 DEG C, and in bulb, sugar content is high, and the sweet succulence of taste, for optimum period of gathering.Collection period is with February in late December to next year The first tenday period of a month are advisable.General yield is 1500～2500kg/ mus.

In sum, Fructus Melo, Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis and the green soyabeans not only product that crop rotation organic cultivation method of the present invention produces Of fine quality, meet the prescription of organic farm products, and yield is high, there is no notable difference with the yield of conventional cultivation；Planted In journey, pest and disease damage occurs light, soil fertility to be effectively improved, and uses the inventive method rotation cropping for many years, performance high yield, steady Produce, do not occur that pest and disease damage increases the weight of the phenomenon declined year by year with yield year by year.

Claims

1. a Fructus Melo and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

(1) organic farming production base is set up；

(2) rotation system is: cultivation successively in the 1st year: green soyabeans Fructus Melo Bowl bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, every 2 Year is 1 period of crop-rotation；

(3) organic Fructus Melo, organic Bowl bean, You Jizao are carried out according to organic agriculture principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard Rice, organic Corm Eleocharitis and the rotation cropping of organic green soyabeans, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.

A kind of Fructus Melo the most according to claim 1 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method, its feature Being, the organic farming production base described in step (1) is that traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area, ecological bar Part is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from soot and other polluter and traffic backbone, and have sustainable The agricultural producing areas of production capacity, soil environment quality requires to be not less than " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618- 1995) secondary standard in, irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB 5084-2005), and environment is empty Makings amount is not less than the secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012)；Each organic farming production base Cultivated area not less than 10 hectares, production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and organic production base is handed over the conventional plot that produces Obvious isolation strip or buffer strip is had at boundary.

A kind of Fructus Melo the most according to claim 1 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method, its feature Being, described organic farming includes following measures:

1., in whole cultivation, the people including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone and growth regulator is prohibitted the use of Work chemosynthesis material, does not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof；

2. application of organic fertilizers, plantation legume is only allowed to foster and apply fertilizer soil as green manure and straw-returning in whole cultivation Earth, fertilizer is in addition to using animal wastes and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, moreover it is possible to use potassium breeze, Ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, could be used that organic fertilizer and microbial manure；

3. the preventing and treating of disease pest and weed is based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, does not use artificial conjunction The pesticide become carries out chemical prevention, when there being pest and disease damage to occur, utilizes the mineral allowing to use or plant medical agent to prevent curing the disease Insect pest, moreover it is possible to use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr, and include bacillus thuringensis, Bt system Agent carries out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage at interior microorganism and preparation thereof, could be used that sulfur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture are anti- Cure the disease insect pest；

Stablizing of farmland ecosystem to be maintained, it is impossible to cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, at every batch Plant residue will be cleared up after crop harvesting in time, heap after climing for melon or straw collecting is made fertilizer or on the spot also field foster and apply fertilizer soil Earth, makes the agriculture Organic substance including, straw climing include melon all be integrated into utilizing, including agricultural film can not degrade discarded Thing all to reclaim and to be used.

4. according to a kind of Fructus Melo described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method, It is characterized in that, the organic melon wilt described in step (3) is: after previous crops green soyabeans is gathered, pour water immediately and made by straw in field Plough under for green manure and soil is taken advantage of high temperature macerate rotten straw fertilizing soil, then cultivate 1 batch of Fructus Melo after draining dry field, solarization soil of turning over, select The melon variety of suitable local ecological condition cultivation is in nursery in July, by the end of July～early August covering with ground sheeting field planting.

A kind of Fructus Melo the most according to claim 4 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method, its feature Being, the nursery of Fructus Melo includes that common nursery and graft seedling growth, common nursery are nutritive cube or hole plate seedling growth；Graft seedling growth is choosing Selecting strong with Fructus Melo grafting affinity, well developed root system, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, the stock variety not affecting Fructus Melo quality and local flavor enters Row graft seedling growth, stock variety includes: the glad anvil in pumpkin variety capital 3, river in Zhejiang Province anvil 2, holy anvil 1, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round ferrum First, south anvil 1, south anvil 3, and special stock melon variety century star Fructus Melo, section's letter anvil 1, moral height iron prop.

A kind of Fructus Melo the most according to claim 4 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method, its feature Being, the planting type of Fructus Melo includes cultivating with climbing or hanging climing cultivation, and the Plant adjustment mode cultivated with climbing is: main climing 4～6 Pinching during sheet true leaf, the healthy and strong son of 3～4 different directions of growth of selecting and remain is climing, wait the son selected and remain is climing have 5～6 true leaves time again Pinching, climing 3～4 of the healthy and strong grandson of the different direction of growth of selecting and remain on son is climing, when, after grandson's climing seat melon, staying 2 true leaves after children's melon Pinching；The Plant adjustment mode hanging climing cultivation is: the pinching when seedling has 3～5 true leaves, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays climing 2 of son, climing at son The lateral bines of 7～11 joints when blooming, stay 1～2 true leaf pinching after lateral bine female flower, use artificial supplementary pollination or to put Apis in a suitable place to breed auxiliary Help pollination promotion to bear fruit, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 1～2 normotrophic children's melon, after the 1st batch of melon expands, at the 15th～20 joints that son is climing Lateral bine when blooming, after lateral bine female flower, stay 1～2 true leaf pinching, use artificial supplementary pollination or put Apis supple-mentary pollination in a suitable place to breed Promoting bearing fruit of the 2nd batch of melon, fruit 1～2 is stayed in every strain again, and son is climing stays 5～10 joints to pinch more than joint position of bearing fruit, and does not tie the side of melon Climing whole excision.

7. according to a kind of Fructus Melo described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method, It is characterized in that, the organic Bowl bean cultivation described in step (3) is: Fructus Melo is gathered after terminating and cleaned rural area in time, at melon wilt Retaining the Bowl bean kind that the no-tillage direct sowing of original mulch film is suitable on furrow, organic cultivation method is managed routinely, haricot In mid-April next year, end of gathering allows stubble, as green manure, the straw after haricot of gathering is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, then plants Train 1 batch of early rice.

8. according to a kind of Fructus Melo described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method, It is characterized in that, the rice growing organic morning described in step (3) is: after previous crops Bowl bean is gathered, is ploughed under in soil by Bowl bean straw and fosters and apply fertilizer Soil, cultivates 1 batch of early rice after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with ploughing soil；Early rice selects the kind of suitable local environment in 3 below the moon Ten days～early April seeding and seedling raising, mid or late April rice transplanting, after early rice harvesting, immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under Tanaka and take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae Fertilizing soil.

9. according to a kind of Fructus Melo described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic cultivation method, It is characterized in that, the organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation described in step (3) is: immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under Tanaka after the harvesting of previous crops early rice and takes advantage of high temperature Macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with arable land, cultivate 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis；Corm Eleocharitis selects to be suitable for the kind of locality cultivation, in 4 Month early and middle ten days begins with two-phase method and cultivates anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, and early Febuary in mid or late November to next year adopts Receive.

10. according to a kind of Fructus Melo described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis, green soyabeans crop rotation organic farming side Method, it is characterised in that the organic green soyabeans cultivation described in step (3) is: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over after gathering solarization soil, use sufficient after base manure in Mid or late March～the suitable varieties of vegetable soybean of early and middle ten days direct sowing culture in April, the in good time pinching of full-bloom stage, before early July, green soyabeans is gathered Terminate to allow stubble, field pour water immediately, green soyabeans straw is ploughed under as green manure and soil is taken advantage of high temperature macerates rotten straw fertilizing soil, then plant Train 1 batch of Fructus Melo.