CN106208263A - The control method of battery pack balancing device - Google Patents

The control method of battery pack balancing device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106208263A
CN106208263A CN201610800993.XA CN201610800993A CN106208263A CN 106208263 A CN106208263 A CN 106208263A CN 201610800993 A CN201610800993 A CN 201610800993A CN 106208263 A CN106208263 A CN 106208263A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
battery unit
chip microcomputer
field effect
effect transistor
voltage
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201610800993.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郑守国
张双双
王勇
张邢龙
白磊
李伯丽
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Hefei Bird Information Technology Co Ltd
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Hefei Bird Information Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610800993.XA priority Critical patent/CN106208263A/en
Publication of CN106208263A publication Critical patent/CN106208263A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits

Abstract

The present invention be more particularly directed to the control method of a kind of battery pack balancing device, set of cells is formed by battery cells in series, each battery unit is correspondingly arranged a single-chip microcomputer and transformator, the primary side winding of transformator, the first vice-side winding are connected with power supply, battery unit respectively, being provided with switch between described primary side winding and power supply, between the first vice-side winding and battery unit, single-chip microcomputer is controlled as follows: (A) single-chip microcomputer controls field effect transistor M according to the charged state of battery unitN、SNBreak-make realize charge independence to each battery unit;(B) single-chip microcomputer controls field effect transistor M corresponding to ceiling voltage battery unit and minimum voltage battery unit according to the magnitude of voltage of battery unitN、SNBreak-make realize electric voltage equalization.Being controlled the break-make of field effect transistor by single-chip microcomputer, prevent in set of cells charging process, overcurrent flows into battery, can also balance each battery unit in discharge process simultaneously, it is to avoid unbalanced phenomena occurs between each battery unit.

Description

The control method of battery pack balancing device
Technical field
The present invention relates to cell balancing field, particularly to the control method of a kind of battery pack balancing device.
Background technology
In electric motor car and hybrid vehicle, in order to provide a system to enough voltage and electric power, all use multiple electricity The set of cells that pool unit is in series is used as energy source.For set of cells, the voltage between each battery unit is kept to put down Weigh most important, when the charging voltage of certain or multiple battery unit is far above preset value in set of cells, be danger close.
There is several factors that can cause between each battery unit unbalanced, mentioned here unbalanced include battery unit system Make unbalanced, battery unit charge/discharge unbalanced of process.These are because have: the impedance of each battery unit is different, chemical Reaction rate difference, self-discharge rate difference, temperature change etc..And these are unbalanced, along with cell charging/discharging number of times Increase can be more and more obvious, this is the biggest to the aging effects of battery.Charge balancing can improve the harmony of set of cells, therefore, The each battery unit charge condition how making series connection reaches balance and is necessary.
In prior art, modal way is to use DC-DC converter, by controlling DC-DC converter, Energy can flow to low-voltage battery from high-voltage battery, thus realizes the equilibrium of each battery unit.But these circuit all exist Following features: energy can only shift between adjacent battery.For this balancing circuitry, when constituting the battery unit of set of cells relatively Time many, energy transfer number between battery unit is a lot, during each energy shifts, energy loss and biography all can occur The consumption of defeated time, therefore balance efficiency is the lowest;Further, since be required for configuring a direct current/straight for each battery Stream transformer, therefore the hardware of balancing circuitry is complex with control, cost is high.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the control method of a kind of battery pack balancing device, it is possible to effectively realize set of cells Equilibrium between each battery unit during charge and discharge.
For realizing object above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the control method of a kind of battery pack balancing device, electricity Pond group is formed by battery cells in series, including control unit and the power supply unit powered for control unit, each battery unit pair One control unit should be set;Described control unit includes single-chip microcomputer, transformator, the primary side winding of transformator and power supply phase Even, transformator has two vice-side winding, and the first vice-side winding is connected with battery unit, and the second vice-side winding is used for gathering voltage letter Ceasing and export to single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer also gathers the current information of primary side winding;Between described primary side winding and power supply, first Being provided with switch between vice-side winding and battery unit, switch is made up of field effect transistor, single-chip microcomputer according to the voltage collected, Current information controls the break-make of field effect transistor as follows: (A) single-chip microcomputer is imitated according to the charged state controlling filed of battery unit Should pipe MN、SNBreak-make realize charge independence to each battery unit;(B) single-chip microcomputer controls according to the magnitude of voltage of battery unit Field effect transistor M corresponding to ceiling voltage battery unit and minimum voltage battery unitN、SNBreak-make realize electric voltage equalization.
Compared with prior art, there is techniques below effect in the present invention: is carried out the break-make of field effect transistor by single-chip microcomputer Controlling, prevent in set of cells charging process, overcurrent flows into battery, can also balance each battery unit in discharge process simultaneously, Avoid occurring between each battery unit unbalanced phenomena.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory diagrams of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of control unit in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is in charging process, the equivalent circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is in charging process, energy Flow schematic diagram during battery unit imbalance of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is in discharge process, the equivalent circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is in discharge process, energy Flow schematic diagram during battery unit imbalance of the present invention;
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 7, the present invention is described in further detail.
Refering to Fig. 1, a kind of battery pack balancing device, set of cells is in series by battery unit 10, including control unit 20 With the power supply unit 30 powered for control unit 20, each battery unit 10 is correspondingly arranged a control unit 20;Described control Unit 20 processed includes single-chip microcomputer 21, transformator 22, and the primary side winding 221 of transformator 22 is connected with power supply 40, and transformator 22 has two Individual vice-side winding, the first vice-side winding 222 is connected with battery unit 10, and the second vice-side winding 223 is used for gathering information of voltage also Output is to single-chip microcomputer 21, and single-chip microcomputer 21 also gathers the current information of primary side winding 221;Described primary side winding 221 and power supply 40 Between, be provided with switch between the first vice-side winding 222 and battery unit 10, switch is made up of field effect transistor, single-chip microcomputer 21 Control to switch on-off according to the voltage collected, current information.If power supply 40 uses civil power, then need alternating current Carry out rectification, Fig. 1 shows rectification unit, but this is conventional setting, the most to those skilled in the art Narration in detail.By the control unit 20 control to switch on and off, Active PFC, preferably equilibrium, battery charge permissible By using identical circuit to complete simultaneously, this device, by charging, equilibrium, Active PFC integration, improves efficiency, fall Low cost, reduces system dimension.It addition, control unit 20 modularized design, it is configured according to the quantity of battery unit 10, Facilitate the maintenance of circuit debugging and system, it is easy to change.
Refering to Fig. 2, as the preferred version of the present invention, the structure that control unit 20 is concrete is as follows: described single-chip microcomputer 21 Being 8 single-chip microcomputers, the two ends of the second vice-side winding 223 are connected with pin VD+, VD-of single-chip microcomputer 21 respectively;Described switch is Field effect transistor, the positive and negative interpolar of power supply 40 connects electric capacity CN, electric capacity CNA resonance circuit is constituted with primary side winding 221, each The magnetic flux of transformator is by resonant reset and mean magnetizing about zero.One end of primary side winding 221 is connected, separately with power supply 40 positive pole One end is by resistance r and field effect transistor MNDrain electrode be connected, field effect transistor MNSource electrode be connected with the negative pole of power supply, resistance r and field Effect pipe MNThe drain electrode time draw a branch road and be connected with the CS pin of single-chip microcomputer 21, the pin SG1 of single-chip microcomputer 21 and field effect Should pipe MNGrid be connected for controlling field effect transistor MNBreak-make;One end of first vice-side winding 222 connects battery unit 10 Positive pole, the other end and field effect transistor SNDrain electrode be connected, field effect transistor SNSource electrode connect battery unit 10 negative pole, single-chip microcomputer The pin SG2 of 21 is by optical coupling isolator, mosfet driver and field effect transistor SNGrid be connected for controlling field effect transistor SN Break-make, the OPT ISO in optical coupling isolator namely Fig. 2, the Drive in mosfet driver i.e. Fig. 2.Use field effect transistor MN、SNAs switch, convenient control and energy consumption are little.Why in single-chip microcomputer 21 and field effect transistor SNBetween optical coupling isolator be set be Avoid signal disturbing.
Preferably, described power supply unit 30 exports 12V voltage to single-chip microcomputer 21, and power supply unit 30 also exports 4V voltage extremely The mosfet driver corresponding to first battery unit 10 in each battery unit of series connection, its in each battery unit of series connection His positive pole of the mosfet driver corresponding to battery unit 10, negative pole respectively with positive pole, this electricity of previous battery unit 10 The negative pole of pool unit 10 is connected.Refering to Fig. 1, herein in relation to mosfet driver connected mode it can be appreciated that: first Battery unit B1The pin B of the corresponding Driver in MODULE 1P, B-is connected with the 4V voltage output end of power supply unit 30; Second battery unit B2The pin B of the corresponding Driver in MODULE 2PWith first battery unit B1Positive pole phase Even, its pin B-and second battery unit B2Negative pole be connected;The rest may be inferred, n-th battery unit BNCorresponding MODULE The pin B of the Driver in NPWith (N-1) individual battery unit BN-1Positive pole be connected, its pin B-and n-th battery unit BN Negative pole be connected.When this device is applied on electric automobile when, power supply unit can be Vehicular accumulator cell, for other feelings Condition, can additionally increase a 12V accumulator and a low power charger.
Preferably, the wire turn quantity ratio of the wire turn quantity of described control unit primary side winding 221 and the first vice-side winding 222 Value is N.So can ensure that field effect transistor MN、SNDuring opening and closing, the voltage of each winding is identical.
Preferably, the pin COMM1 of each single-chip microcomputer 21 is connected for realizing the communication between single-chip microcomputer 21.Pass through communication ends Mouthful, each control unit 20 can share the state of oneself with other people, and can understand the situation of other batteries in time, when one When individual or several battery units 10 can not work or be overheated, all modules can find it or they module number, thus enters One step can be quickly found out bad battery unit 10, the beneficially eliminating of fault.
Refering to Fig. 3, the control method of a kind of foregoing battery pack balancing device, comprise the steps: (A) single-chip microcomputer 21 control field effect transistor M according to the charged state of battery unit 10N、SNBreak-make realize independently filling each battery unit 10 Electricity;(B) single-chip microcomputer 21 controls ceiling voltage battery unit 10 and minimum voltage battery unit according to the magnitude of voltage of battery unit 10 Field effect transistor M corresponding to 10N、SNBreak-make realize electric voltage equalization.
Specifically, described step A comprises the steps: that (A1) each control unit 20 is connected with power supply 40, starts to charge up; (A2) single-chip microcomputer 21 judges that its battery unit 10 controlled is the most fully charged, and if so, this single-chip microcomputer 21 cuts out accordingly Field effect transistor MN、SN, otherwise, corresponding field effect transistor M opened by this single-chip microcomputer 21N, close corresponding field effect transistor SN;(A3) When by the electric current i of primary side winding 221MNWhen reaching default peak value, this single-chip microcomputer 21 cuts out corresponding field effect transistor MN, pass through Corresponding field effect transistor S is opened after the time t setN;(A4) when by the electric current i of primary side winding 221MNIt is gradually lowered to zero Time, this single-chip microcomputer 21 cuts out corresponding field effect transistor SN, after the time t set, repeat step B;(A5) if in step B All of battery unit 10 is the most fully charged, then charging process terminates.
Specifically, described step B comprises the steps: that (B1) single-chip microcomputer 21 gathers the magnitude of voltage of battery unit 10; (B2) corresponding field effect transistor S opened by the single-chip microcomputer 21 corresponding to battery unit 10 that voltage is the highestN, then it is turned off; (B3) corresponding field effect transistor M opened respectively by the single-chip microcomputer 21 corresponding to battery unit 10 that voltage is the highest, minimumN, then close Close them;(B4) corresponding field effect transistor S opened by the single-chip microcomputer 21 corresponding to battery unit 10 that voltage is minimumN, then by it Close;(B5) step B2~B4 are repeated, until the electric voltage equalization of each battery unit 10.
Above step is described in detail by 4-Fig. 7 below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Refering to Fig. 4, when starting to charge for battery, its battery unit 10 controlled is carried out by each control unit 20 respectively Judge, see that this battery unit 10 is the most fully charged, it is assumed that the battery unit B in Fig. 41Fill with electricity, battery unit B2 Underfill electricity, then field effect transistor M1、S1、S2It is turned off, field effect transistor M2Open, so by second transformator T2Former limit around The electric current i of groupM2By linearly increasing, and in primary side winding, store energy;Work as iM2When reaching default peak value, field effect transistor M2Will Close, after elapsed time t, open field effect transistor S2, so it is stored in transformator T2It is secondary that the energy of primary side winding is transferred to first Limit winding also transfers to battery unit B2In, for battery unit B2Charging;Along with the carrying out of charging, electric current iM2It is gradually reduced, when Electric current iM2When being reduced to 0, close field effect transistor S2.Steps be repeated alternatively until after all of battery unit 10 is all completely filled with electricity Complete charge.
Refering to Fig. 5, when charging, if it occur that unbalanced phenomena, such as battery unit B1Voltage higher than other electricity During pool unit, with battery unit B1First vice-side winding in parallel will have a higher voltage, and higher than other battery units The first corresponding vice-side winding, it is meant that more energy is stored therein.Energy rotates back into transformator T1Primary side winding Go up and together with power supply energy, in the primary side winding corresponding to the battery unit that other are to be charged.It is pointed out that Fig. 5 Shown in be not together with power supply, but together with the energy of AC/DC changer, be owing in embodiment, power supply generally uses Be alternating current, it is necessary to carry out rectification and become unidirectional current.Above-mentioned balancing procedure is carried out continuously so that battery unit B1Energy Amount is transferred on other battery unit, has reached the purpose of equilibrium.
The schematic diagram being shown that under discharge scenario refering to Fig. 6, Fig. 7.During discharging, each single-chip microcomputer 21 constantly gathers respectively The voltage of battery unit 10, when occurring unbalanced, it is assumed that as shown in Figure 7, battery unit B1Voltage the highest, electricity Pool unit B3Voltage minimum, then single-chip microcomputer 21 in MODULE 1 can send signal in 0.1s open S1, then off S1, and in 0.1s, open M1And M3, it is then shut off them;S is opened again in 0.1s3, it is then shut off.So can be achieved with electricity Pool unit B1Middle energy is to battery unit B3Middle transfer, repeat the above steps, until having, another pair is the highest, the electricity of minimum voltage Pool unit 10 occurs, to new the highest, battery unit 10 repeat the above steps of minimum voltage.After repeatedly transfer, institute Some battery unit 10 energy all reach equilibrium.

Claims (3)

1. the control method of a battery pack balancing device, it is characterised in that: set of cells is in series by battery unit (10), bag Including control unit (20) and the power supply unit (30) powered for control unit (20), each battery unit (10) is correspondingly arranged one Control unit (20);Described control unit (20) includes single-chip microcomputer (21), transformator (22), the primary side winding of transformator (22) (221) being connected with power supply (40), transformator (22) has two vice-side winding, the first vice-side winding (222) and battery unit (10) Being connected, the second vice-side winding (223) is used for gathering information of voltage and exporting to single-chip microcomputer (21), and single-chip microcomputer (21) also gathers former limit The current information of winding (221);Between described primary side winding (221) and power supply (40), the first vice-side winding (222) and battery Being provided with switch between unit (10), switch is made up of field effect transistor, and single-chip microcomputer (21) is according to the voltage collected, electric current letter Breath controls the break-make of field effect transistor as follows:
(A) single-chip microcomputer (21) controls field effect transistor M according to the charged state of battery unit (10)N、SNBreak-make realize to each electricity The charge independence of pool unit (10);
(B) single-chip microcomputer (21) controls ceiling voltage battery unit (10) and minimum voltage electricity according to the magnitude of voltage of battery unit (10) Field effect transistor M corresponding to pool unit (10)N、SNBreak-make realize electric voltage equalization.
2. the control method of battery pack balancing device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step A include as Lower step:
(A1) each control unit (20) is connected with power supply (40), starts to charge up;
(A2) single-chip microcomputer (21) judges that its battery unit controlled (10) is the most fully charged, if so, this single-chip microcomputer (21) corresponding field effect transistor M is closedN、SN, otherwise, corresponding field effect transistor M opened by this single-chip microcomputer (21)N, close corresponding field Effect pipe SN
(A3) as the electric current i by primary side winding (221)MNWhen reaching default peak value, this single-chip microcomputer (21) cuts out corresponding field Effect pipe MN, after the time t set, open corresponding field effect transistor SN
(A4) as the electric current i by primary side winding (221)MNWhen being gradually lowered to zero, this single-chip microcomputer (21) cuts out corresponding field effect Should pipe SN, after the time t set, repeat step B;
(A5) if all of battery unit (10) is the most fully charged in step B, then charging process terminates.
3. the control method of battery pack balancing device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described step B include as Lower step:
(B1) single-chip microcomputer (21) gathers the magnitude of voltage of battery unit (10);
(B2) corresponding field effect transistor S opened by the single-chip microcomputer (21) corresponding to battery unit (10) that voltage is the highestN, then by it Close;
(B3) corresponding field effect transistor M opened respectively by the single-chip microcomputer (21) corresponding to battery unit (10) that voltage is the highest, minimumN, It is then shut off them;
(B4) corresponding field effect transistor S opened by the single-chip microcomputer (21) corresponding to battery unit (10) that voltage is minimumN, then by it Close;
(B5) step B2~B4 are repeated, until the electric voltage equalization of each battery unit (10).
CN201610800993.XA 2016-09-05 2016-09-05 The control method of battery pack balancing device Pending CN106208263A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2036186A1 (en) * 2006-06-15 2009-03-18 SK Energy Co., Ltd. Charge equalization apparatus with parallel connection of secondary windings of multiple transformers
CN203660584U (en) * 2013-12-06 2014-06-18 淄博明泰电器科技有限公司 Modularization battery equalization and charging system
CN103986216A (en) * 2014-05-30 2014-08-13 合肥国轩高科动力能源股份公司 Vehicle-mounted power Li-ion battery pack active balance system
CN104242394A (en) * 2014-09-23 2014-12-24 重庆星联云科科技发展有限公司 Active equalization circuit and equalization method of series batteries
CN104810867A (en) * 2014-01-24 2015-07-29 东莞钜威新能源有限公司 Battery equalization circuit, battery equalization system and battery equalization method
CN105226775A (en) * 2015-11-13 2016-01-06 中山大学 The nondissipative equalization method of lithium ion battery of electric automobile group

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2036186A1 (en) * 2006-06-15 2009-03-18 SK Energy Co., Ltd. Charge equalization apparatus with parallel connection of secondary windings of multiple transformers
CN203660584U (en) * 2013-12-06 2014-06-18 淄博明泰电器科技有限公司 Modularization battery equalization and charging system
CN104810867A (en) * 2014-01-24 2015-07-29 东莞钜威新能源有限公司 Battery equalization circuit, battery equalization system and battery equalization method
CN103986216A (en) * 2014-05-30 2014-08-13 合肥国轩高科动力能源股份公司 Vehicle-mounted power Li-ion battery pack active balance system
CN104242394A (en) * 2014-09-23 2014-12-24 重庆星联云科科技发展有限公司 Active equalization circuit and equalization method of series batteries
CN105226775A (en) * 2015-11-13 2016-01-06 中山大学 The nondissipative equalization method of lithium ion battery of electric automobile group

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Application publication date: 20161207