CN106191633B - 一种高温冶炼炉及用其进行冶金的方法 - Google Patents
一种高温冶炼炉及用其进行冶金的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106191633B CN106191633B CN201610637383.2A CN201610637383A CN106191633B CN 106191633 B CN106191633 B CN 106191633B CN 201610637383 A CN201610637383 A CN 201610637383A CN 106191633 B CN106191633 B CN 106191633B
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- furnace
- blowing
- long
- temperature smelting
- wing
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2001/00—Composition, conformation or state of the charge
- F27M2001/02—Charges containing ferrous elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
- F27M2003/13—Smelting
Abstract
本发明公开了一种高温冶炼炉及用其进行冶金的方法。该高温冶炼炉包括:长度方向上相对布置的第一长炉墙和第二长炉墙,宽度方向上相对布置的第三侧炉墙和第四侧炉墙,在第一长炉墙和第二长炉墙上、多个且成对的均匀分布的烧嘴,在炉顶的加料口,在第四侧炉墙的出渣口和出钢口,在炉底外部、靠近第四侧炉墙的炉底喷吹装置,在第三侧炉墙上、靠近炉底的炉墙侧壁喷吹装置,在第二长炉墙上的合金加料装置和精炼渣加料装置;出钢口的水平位置在出渣口的水平位置之下,合金加料装置的水平位置在出渣口和出钢口的水平位置之间,精炼渣加料装置的水平位置在出渣口的水平位置之下。本发明的技术方案能实现铁水合金化和除杂,所制得的钢不用再进一步处理。
Description
一种高温冶炼炉及用其进行冶金的方法
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及冶金领域,具体涉及一种高温冶炼炉及用其进行冶金的方法。
背景技术
[0002]在^铁和有色冶金行业中,冶炼钢材和有色金属制品均需用到高温冶炼炉。当前 冶炼炉一般€用电加热的方式,以提供满足物料熔化所需的热量。但电加热的设备投资较 大,而且电价高,因而导致产品的生产成本偏高。为进一步缩减成本,逐渐采用价格相对较 低的燃气加热提供热量的冶炼炉,或者采用喷煤燃烧方式与电加热、燃气加热方式相结合 的冶炼炉。虽然降低了成本,但是由于大量的使用煤粉,会导致环境污染问题。
[0003] 总体来讲,电炉、燃气炉或者带有喷吹煤粉的冶炼炉整体存在一个共性问题,炉内 高温熔融物料液面相对稳定,不存在内部的流场,导致高温熔体均匀化时间较长,使得生产 效率降低。此外,常规高温冶炼炉功能比较单一,仅能起到熔化分离的效果,不能对产品除 杂提质,生产出的产品还需进一步经过除杂和提质后才能作为最终产品进行销售。
[0004] 现有技术公开了一种溶分炉和采用该溶分炉处理待溶分物料的方法,溶分炉包 括:熔分炉本体,熔分炉本体内具有熔分空间,熔分空间底部限定出熔池,熔分空间沿着熔 体流动方向依次形成进料区、熔化区、分离区和出料区,进料区位于熔分炉本体的一端,出 料区位于熔分炉本体的另一端,进料区的侧壁上设有进料口,出料区的侧壁上设有出料口 和出渣口;多个蓄热式燃烧器分别设在熔分炉本体的侧壁上,熔化区和分离区均对应设置 至少一对蓄热式燃烧器,每对蓄热式燃烧器设在熔分炉本体的相对侧壁上。
[0005] 该现有技术仅能实现物料的熔化分离,功能比较单一,不能快速实现熔体的均匀 化,不具备铁水除杂和合金化的功能,获得的金属熔体纯度不高。
发明内容
[0006] 鉴于现有技术存在的问题,本发明旨在在现有的冶炼炉的基础上进一步改造和优 化。此外,本发明还要提供一种用改进后的冶炼炉进行冶金的方法。
[0007] 根据本发明的一个方面,本发明公开一种高温冶炼炉,所述高温冶炼炉包括长度 方向上相对布置的第一长炉墙和第二长炉墙,还包括宽度方向上相对布置的第三侧炉墙和 第四侧炉墙,在所述高温冶炼炉上装有烧嘴、加料口、出钢口、出渣口、炉底喷吹装置、炉墙 侧壁喷吹装置、合金加料装置和精炼渣加料装置,其中,
[0008] 多个所述烧嘴设置在所述第一长炉墙和所述第二长炉墙上,在所述第一长炉墙和 所述第二长炉墙上设置的烧嘴数量相同,且成对的均匀分布;
[0009] 所述加料口设置在所述高温冶炼炉的炉顶;
[0010] 所述出渣口设置在所述第四侧炉墙;
[0011] 所述出钢口设置在所述第四侧炉墙,其水平位置在所述出渣口的水平位置之下, 二者之间的垂直距离为260-500mm;
[0012] 所述炉底喷吹装置设置在所述高温冶炼炉炉底的外部,且靠近所述第四侧炉墙;
[0013] 所述炉墙侧壁喷吹装置设置在所述第三侧炉墙上,且靠近所述高温冶炼炉炉底;
[0014] 所述合金加料装置设置在所述第二长炉墙上,其水平位置在所述出渣口和所述出 钢口的水平位置之间;
[0015] 所述精炼渣加料装置设置在所述第二长炉墙上,其水平位置在所述出渣口的水平 位置之下。
[0016] 在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述高温冶炼炉炉体中,还设有用于储存熔分物料 的熔分空间。
[0017] 在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述合金加料装置与所述出渣口的垂直距离为150-250mm,所述合金加料装置与所述第二长炉墙之间形成的夹角为6〇°-80°。
[0018] 在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述精炼渣加料装置与所述出渣口的垂直距离为 30-80mm,所述精炼渣加料装置与所述第二长炉墙之间形成的夹角为78°-87°。
[0019] 根据本发明的另一个方面,本发明还提供了一种利用上述高温冶炼炉进行冶金的 方法。该方法包括如下步骤:
[0020] 步骤A,将所述熔分物料从所述加料口不断地加入到所述熔分炉内,同时所述烧嘴 中通入燃气和助燃气进行燃烧,使得所述熔分物料熔化形成具有熔池深度的熔体;
[0021] 步骤B,同步启动所述炉底喷吹装置和所述炉墙侧壁喷吹装置,向所述炉池中喷吹 载有还原剂的高速气体;
[0022] 步骤C,当所述熔池深度达到所述高温冶炼炉的设定熔池深度之后,开启所述出渣 口放渣,待熔池液面达到出渣口水平线以下时,关闭所述出渣口;
[0023] 步骤D,同步启动所述合金加料装置和所述精炼渣加料装置,向所述炉池中添加合 金和精炼渣;
[0024] 步骤E,再同步启动所述炉底喷吹装置和所述炉墙侧壁喷吹装置,向所述炉池中喷 吹高速气体;
[0025] 步骤F,开启所述出钢口出钢,待出钢完毕后,关闭所述出钢口。
[0026]在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述步骤B中,所述炉底喷吹装置喷入所述载有还原 剂的高速气体之后,在所述熔池中形成向上的气流。
[0027]在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述步骤B中,所述炉墙侧壁喷吹装置喷入所述载有 还原剂的高速气体之后,在所述熔池中形成流向第四侧炉墙的气流。
[0028] 在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述向上的气流和所述流向第四侧炉墙的气流形成 循环气流场。
[0029] 在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述还原剂为兰炭粉;所述高速气体为所述高温冶 炼炉排放的高温烟气;所述熔分物料为金属化球团物料。
[0030] 在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述步骤A中,将设置在同一侧长炉墙的所述烧嘴的 工作方式设定为用于所述燃气和助燃气的燃烧,而将设置在另一侧长炉墙的烧嘴的工作方 式设定为用于排烟;
[0031] 或,将设置在同一侧长炉墙的所述烧嘴的工作方式设定为交错用于所述燃气和助 燃气的燃烧或排烟,而将设置在另一侧长炉墙的对应烧嘴的工作方式设定为用于排烟或燃 气和助燃气的燃烧。
[0032]本发明所提供的高温冶炼炉,与原有电加热冶炼炉相比,采用燃气加热,可降低成 本;与普通局温冶炼炉相比,增加了喷吹装置,可使炉内溶体流动并形成一定流场,有助于 熔体的快速均匀化、缩短出料时间和提高生产效率。
[0033]而且,在装置构造方面,还原剂和喷吹气体采用同一个吹喷装置,使得装置结构简 单,操作方便。在原有高温冶炼炉的基础上,本发明所提供的高温冶炼炉,在炉底和炉墙侧 壁上设置了喷吹装置,可有效利用高温烟气的余热,使炉内熔体流动形成一定的气流场,有 助于溶体的快速均匀化,缩短出料时间,降低能耗,从而提高生产效率、提升冶炼效果。此 外,本发明所提供的高温冶炼炉,还增加了加料装置添加合金和精炼渣,能实现铁水合金化 和除杂,可直接炼钢,缩短了工艺流程,从而能减少设备的投资。
附图说明
[0034]图1为本发明实施例的一种高温冶炼炉的俯视图。
[0035]图2为本发明实施例的一种高温冶炼炉的前视图。
[0036]图3为本发明实施例的一种高温冶炼炉的左视图。
[0037]图4为本发明实施例的一种利用高温冶炼炉进行冶金的流程示意图。
[0038]图中:
[0039] 100、烧嘴;200、加料口;301、出渣口;302、出钢口;401、炉底喷吹装置;402、炉墙侧 壁喷吹装置;501、合金加料装置;502、精炼渣加料装置;600、炉体本体。
具体实施方式
[0040] 以下结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式进行更加详细的说明,以便能 够更好地理解本发明的方案及其各个方面的优点。然而,以下描述的具体实施方式和实施 例仅是说明的目的,而不是对本发明的限制。
[0041] 需要说明的是,本发明中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”或“第四”仅用于描述目 的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量,由此,限定 有“第一”、“第二”、“第三”或“第四”的特征可以明示或隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
[0042] 本发明首先提供了一种高温冶炼炉,高温冶炼炉包括长度方向上相对布置的第一 侧炉墙(第一长炉墙)和第二侧炉墙(第二长炉墙),还包括宽度方向上相对布置的第三侧炉 墙和第四侧炉墙,在高温冶炼炉上装有烧嘴、加料口、出钢口、出渣口、炉底喷吹装置、炉墙 侧壁喷吹装置、合金加料装置和精炼渣加料装置。
[0043] 其中,多个烧嘴设置在第一长炉墙和第二长炉墙上,在第一长炉墙和第二长炉墙 上设置的烧嘴数量相同,且成对的均匀分布。
[0044]加料口设置在高温冶炼炉的炉顶。
[0045]出渣口设置在第四侧炉墙。出渣口用于高温冶炼炉排渣。
[0046]出钢口设置在第四侧炉墙,其水平位置在出渣口的水平位置之下,二者之间垂直 距离为260-500mm。出钢口用于高温冶炼炉出钢。这样设置方便出钢和出渣同时操作。
[0047]炉底喷吹装置设置在高温冶炼炉炉底的外部,且靠近第四侧炉墙。炉底喷吹装置 主要是用于吹喷气体和还原剂。还原剂和喷吹气体采用同一个吹喷装置,使得装置结构简 单,操作方便。
[0048]炉墙侧壁喷吹装置设置在第三侧炉墙上,且靠近高温冶炼炉炉底。炉墙侧壁喷吹 衮直也王安是用于吹喷气体和还原剂。
[0049]合金加料装置设置在第二长炉墙上,其水平位置在出渣口和出钢口的水平位置之 间。合金加料装置主要用于将合金加入到铁水当中,实现铁水合金化。
[0050]精炼渣加料装置设置在第二长炉墙上,其水平位置在出渣口的水平位置之下精 炼渣加料装置主要用于对钢水脱硫、脱磷提质。 °
[0051]此外,在高温冶炼炉炉体中,还可设有用于储存熔分物料的熔分空间。
[0052]烧嘴可设置在高温冶炼炉的其他方向的炉墙上,烧嘴的数量并不需要特别限定, 在炉墙上也可不呈均勾分布。
[00^3]加料口的数量可为一个或多个,或可位于高温冶炼炉的其他位置上。加料口设置 在高温冶炼炉的炉顶,更方便物料的添加。
[0054]出渣口和出钢口的数量可为两个或两个以上,或可位于高温冶炼炉的其他方向的 炉墙上。
[0055]炉底喷吹装置和炉墙侧壁喷吹装置的数量可为除三个之外的其他任意数量,炉底 喷吹装置可不设置在靠近第四侧炉墙的位置上,炉墙侧壁喷吹装置可设置在其他侧炉墙 上,或可不呈均匀分布。
[0056]合金加料装置的具体位置并不需要特别限定。发明人发现,合金加料装置与出渣 口的垂直距离为150-250mm、且合金加料装置与所在炉墙之间形成的夹角为60。—80。时,合 金加料装置的位置是最佳的。此时,可保证加合金时合金准确加入到铁水当中。
[0057] ^炼渣加料装置的位置也不用特别限定。发明人发现,精炼渣加料装置与出渣口 的垂直距离为3〇-SOmm、且精炼渣加料装置与所在炉墙之间形成的夹角为78。—87。时,精炼 澄加料装置的位置是最佳的。此时,可保证除杂质添加精炼渣时精炼渣准确加入到钢水之 上,熔瘡之下,能与钢水充分反应,尽可能脱除硫磷杂质,提高钢质量。
[0058]本发明还提供了一种利用上述高温冶炼炉进行冶金的方法。该方法包括如下步 骤:
[0059]_步骤A,将熔分物料从加料口不断地加入到熔分炉内,同时烧嘴中通入燃气和助燃 气进行燃烧,使得熔分物料熔化形成具有熔池深度的熔体。
[0060]烧嘴在工作时,可采用的工作方式为:第一侧炉墙的烧嘴同时燃烧,第二侧炉墙的 烧嘴同时排烟;第二侧炉墙的烧嘴同时燃烧,第一侧炉墙的烧嘴同时排烟;第一侧炉墙的烧 嘴交错燃烧,第二侧炉墙的对应烧嘴交错排烟,同时第二侧炉墙的其余烧嘴燃烧,对应的第 一侧炉墙的烧嘴排烟;第二侧炉墙的烧嘴交错燃烧,第一侧炉墙的对应烧嘴交错排烟,同时 第一侧炉墙的其余烧嘴燃烧,对应的第二侧炉墙的烧嘴排烟。
[0061]步骤B,同步启动炉底喷吹装置和炉墙侧壁喷吹装置,向炉池中喷吹载有还原剂的 高速气体。
[0062]上述高温烟气是由高温冶炼炉排放的,向熔池中喷吹该种高温烟气,可充分利用 其余热,减少热量的浪费,并且由于该种高温烟气的温度和熔体的温度较接近,因此不会降 低熔体的温度,影响熔体的流动性。
[0063]经由炉底喷吹装置高速进入的高温烟气,可带动还原剂,在熔池中形成向上的气 流,同时带动熔体向上流动,然后又在没有气流的一侧由于重力的作用而流下。经由炉墙侧 壁喷吹装置高速进入的高温烟气,可带动还原剂,在熔池中形成流向出渣口所在侧炉墙的 气流,同时带动熔体向同方向流动,并与上述炉底喷吹装置形成的气流相配合,在熔池内形 成循环的气流场。从而促进熔体的流动,使其快速均匀,保证还原剂与熔体的充分接触进行 深还原,提升冶炼效果。
[0064]发明人发现,最佳的熔分物料为金属化球团物料。
[0065]步骤C,当熔池深度达到高温冶炼炉的设定熔池深度之后,开启出渣口放渣,待熔 池液面达到出渣口水平线以下时,关闭出渣口。
[0066]步骤D,同步启动合金加料装置和精炼渣加料装置,向炉池中添加合金和精炼渣。 [0067]步骤E,再同步启动炉底喷吹装置和炉墙侧壁喷吹装置,向炉池中喷吹高速气体。 [0068]步骤E的目的是实现物料均匀化,完成炼钢。
[0069] 步骤F,开启出钢口出钢,待出钢完毕后,关闭出钢口。
[0070]下面参考具体实施例,对本发明进行说明。下述实施例中所取工艺条件数值均为 示例性的,其可取数值范围如前述发明内容中所示。
[0071] 实施例1
[0072] 本实施例提供一种高温冶炼炉。
[0073]参见图1、图2和图3,本实施例的提供的高温冶炼炉包括烧嘴100、加料口 200、出渣 口3〇1、出钢口3〇2、炉底喷吹装置401、炉墙侧壁喷吹装置402,合金加料装置501,精炼渣加 料装置502和冶炼炉炉体本体600。
[0074]该高温冶炼炉具有四侧炉墙,分别为长度方向上相对布置的第一侧炉墙和第二侧 炉墙、宽度方向上相对布置的第三侧炉墙和第四侧炉墙,还包括炉顶和炉底。
[0075] 在本实施例中,烧嘴1〇〇设置在第一侧炉墙和第二侧炉墙上。由图1和图2可知,第 一侧炉墙上烧嘴100的数量为六个且均匀分布,第二侧炉墙上烧嘴100的数量也为六个且均 匀分布,两侧炉墙上的烧嘴对应成对存在。
[0076] 本实施例中,加料口 200设置在炉顶中心位置。出渣口 301设置在第四侧炉墙上,出 钢口 302也设置在第四侧炉墙上。由图丨可知,出渣口 30丨和出钢口 302位于两条不同的垂直 于地面的直线上。由图2可知,出钢口 302的水平位置在出渣口301的水平位置之下,而且与 出澄口 301之间相距300mra。
[0077]炉底喷吹装置401在高温冶炼炉炉底的外部,且靠近第四侧炉墙。炉墙侧壁喷吹装 置4〇2设置在第三侧炉墙上,且靠近高温冶炼炉的炉底。由图1可知,炉底喷吹装置401和炉 墙侧壁喷吹装置402的数量都为三个,且均匀分布在相应的炉墙上。
[0078]合金加料装置501设置在第二侧炉墙上,精炼渣加料装置502也设置在第二侧炉墙 上。由图2和图3可知,合金加料装置50丨的水平位置位于出渣口下方,出钢口上方2〇〇mm处, 且与第二侧炉墙呈75°夹角;精炼渣加料装置502的水平位置位于出渣口 301下方50mm,且与 第二侧炉墙呈85°夹角。
[0079]炉体本体600的四周形成一定的熔分空间,用于储存熔分物料。
[0080] 实施例2
[0081]如图4所示,本实施例提供一种利用实施例丨所提供的高温冶炼炉进行冶金的方 法。该方法具体如下:
[0082]将金属化球团物料从冶炼炉炉顶加料口 200加入,燃气和助燃气从烧嘴100—同进 入,燃烧后放出热量,达到金属化球团熔化所需温度。随着金属化球团不断的加入和熔化, 在冶炼炉本体6〇〇内逐渐形成具有一定熔池深度的熔体。然后,开启炉底喷吹装置401和炉 墙侧壁喷吹装置4〇2,向炉池中吹喷载有还原剂的高速气体。所用气体为高温冶炼炉排放的 高温烟气,所用的还原剂为兰炭粉。兰炭粉的用量为金属化球团质量的3%。随着高温气体 的喷入,熔体进行流动并快速均匀化,均匀后停止喷吹气体。熔池深度到达设定熔池高度 后,先开启出渣口 3〇1放出熔渣,然后封闭出渣口 301,同时开启精炼渣加料装置502和合金 加料装置501,添加精炼渣和合金,使铁水脱除杂质和合金化,添加完毕后再开启炉底喷吹 装置401和炉墙侧壁喷吹装置402,实现物料均匀化,完成炼钢。开启出钢口 302出钢,之后再 封闭出钢口 302。
[0083]本实施例制得的钢,不用再进一步除杂和提质,能直接作为最终产品进行销售。 [0084]综上,可以得知,本发明所提供的高温冶炼炉,与原有电加热冶炼炉相比,采用燃 气加热,可降低成本;与普通高温冶炼炉相比,增加了喷吹装置,可使炉内熔体流动并形成 一定流场,有助于熔体的快速均匀化、缩短出料时间和提高生产效率。
[0085]而且,在装置构造方面,还原剂和喷吹气体采用同一个吹喷装置,使得装置结构简 单,操作方便。在原有高温冶炼炉的基础上,本发明所提供的高温冶炼炉,在炉底和炉墙侧 壁上设置了喷吹装置,可有效利用高温烟气的余热,使炉内熔体流动形成一定的气流场,有 助于熔体的快速均匀化,缩短出料时间,降低能耗,从而提高生产效率、提升冶炼效果。此 夕卜,本发明所提供的高温冶炼炉,还增加了加料装置添加合金和精炼渣,能实现铁水合金化 和除杂,可直接炼钢,缩短了工艺流程,从而能减少设备的投资。
[0086]需要说明的是,以上参照附图所描述的各个实施例仅用以说明本发明而非限制本 发明的范围,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下对 本发明进行的修改或者等同替换,均应涵盖在本发明的范围之内。此外,除非特别说明,那 么任何实施例的全部或一部分可结合任何其它实施例的全部或一部分来使用。
Claims (10)
1.一种高温冶炼炉,所述高温冶炼炉包括长度方向上相对布置的第一长炉墙和第二长 炉墙,还包括宽度方向上相对布置的第三侧炉墙和第四侧炉墙,在所述高温冶炼炉上装有 烧嘴、加料口、出钢口、出渣口、炉底喷吹装置、炉墙侧壁喷吹装置、合金加料装置和精炼渣 加料装置,其中, 多个所述烧嘴设置在所述第一长炉墙和所述第二长炉墙上,在所述第一长炉墙和所述 第二长炉墙上设置的烧嘴数量相同,且成对的均匀分布; 所述加料口设置在所述高温冶炼炉的炉顶; 所述出渣口设置在所述第四侧炉墙; 所述出钢口设置在所述第四侧炉墙,其水平位置在所述出渣口的水平位置之下; 所述炉底喷吹装置设置在所述高温冶炼炉炉底的外部,且靠近所述第四侧炉墙; 所述炉墙侧壁喷吹装置设置在所述第三侧炉墙上,且靠近所述高温冶炼炉炉底; 所述合金加料装置设置在所述第二长炉墙上,其水平位置在所述出渣口和所述出钢口 的水平位置之间; 所述精炼渣加料装置设置在所述第二长炉墙上,其水平位置在所述出渣口的水平位置 之下。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的高温冶炼炉,其特征在于,所述高温冶炼炉炉体中,还设有用 于储存熔分物料的熔分空间。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的高温冶炼炉,其特征在于,所述合金加料装置与所述出渣口的 垂直距离为150-250mm,所述合金加料装置与所述第二长炉墙之间形成的夹角为6〇°_8〇°。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的高温冶炼炉,其特征在于,所述精炼渣加料装置与所述出渣口 的垂直距离为30-80mm,所述精炼渣加料装置与所述第二长炉墙之间形成的夹角为78°-87。。
5. —种运用权利要求1至4任一所述的高温冶炼炉进行冶金的方法,包括如下步骤: 步骤A,将熔分物料从所述加料口不断地加入到所述高温冶炼炉中,同时所述烧嘴中通 入燃气和助燃气进行燃烧,使得所述熔分物料熔化形成具有熔池深度的熔体; 步骤B,同步启动所述炉底喷吹装置和所述炉墙侧壁喷吹装置,向所述熔池中喷吹载有 还原剂的高速气体; 步骤C,当所述熔池深度达到所述高温冶炼炉的设定熔池深度之后,开启所述出渣口放 渣,待熔池液面达到出渣口水平线以下时,关闭所述出渣口; 步骤D,同步启动所述合金加料装置和所述精炼渣加料装置,向所述熔池中添加合金和 精炼渣; 步骤E,再同步启动所述炉底喷吹装置和所述炉墙侧壁喷吹装置,向所述熔池中喷吹高 速气体; 步骤F,开启所述出钢口出钢,待出钢完毕后,关闭所述出钢口。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤B中,所述炉底喷吹装置喷入所述 载有还原剂的高速气体之后,在所述熔池中形成向上的气流。
7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤B中,所述炉墙侧壁喷吹装置喷入 所述载有还原剂的高速气体之后,在所述熔池中形成流向第四侧炉墙的气流。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述向上的气流和所述流向第四侧炉墙的 气流形成循环气流场。
9. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述还原剂为兰炭粉;所述高速气体为所 述高温冶炼炉排放的高温烟气;所述熔分物料为金属化球团物料。
10. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤A中,将设置在同一侧长炉墙的 所述烧嘴的工作方式设定为用于所述燃气和助燃气的燃烧,而将设置在另一侧长炉墙的烧 嘴的工作方式设定为用于排烟; 或,将设置在同一侧长炉墙的所述烧嘴的工作方式设定为交错用于所述燃气和助燃气 的燃烧或排烟,而将设置在另一侧长炉墙的对应烧嘴的工作方式设定为用于排烟或燃气和 助燃气的燃烧。
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