CN106190409A - 一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106190409A
CN106190409A CN201610708310.8A CN201610708310A CN106190409A CN 106190409 A CN106190409 A CN 106190409A CN 201610708310 A CN201610708310 A CN 201610708310A CN 106190409 A CN106190409 A CN 106190409A
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吴文胜
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Taihu Enjoy New Energy Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法,其特征在于,是由以下重量份的原料制成:尿素1‑2,污泥5‑10,酵母1‑2,球孢梭菌1‑2,煤粉5‑10,聚乙烯醇2‑3,石蜡3‑6,黄泥10‑20,麦秆10‑20,硬脂酸钙1‑2,稻秆5‑10,竹材材料5‑10,树枝3‑5,三氧化二铁4‑8,二氧化锆0.1‑0.4,水适量;本发明利用秸秆配合煤粉制成燃烧棒,既实现了资源的充分利用,又有效的减少了二氧化硫等有毒气体的排放,有利于环保及人类的身体健康;配合添加了尿素,具有助燃的功效。

Description

一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合固体燃料及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法。
背景技术
生物质颗粒燃料的生产始于20世纪30年代,但是作为产业是在70年代的石油危机期间发展起来的。由于当时石油价格飙升,长期大量使用煤、石油、天然气等石化能源而导致石油资源萎缩和全球气候变暖等问题,迫使部分欧、美洲国家大力开发和利用替代能源。积极开发和使用可再生的清洁能源、减少石化能源的消耗、降低温室气体的排放,已成为世界各国缓解能源危机和气候变化问题的共识。此时生物质颗粒燃料经过几十年的发展,生产技术逐渐成熟起来,产品质量有了很大的提高。由于其生产原料主要来源于当地林业废弃物,运输成本低、价格便宜,所以物美价廉的生物质颗粒燃料成为煤和天然气的替代能源。
赵培涛在《污泥及秸秆生物质固体燃料制备中试工艺及燃烧特性》中利用污泥和污泥及秸秆等生物质制备了一种固体燃料,但是这种固体燃料是实心的圆柱体,在燃烧过程中存在着发热值小、不易燃、燃烧不透彻,从而排放出大量的有害气体,不利于环保。
发明内容
基于以上的思考,本发明的目的在于提供一种生物质固体燃料的配方及制备方法,解决目前生物质固体燃料存在的发热值小、不易燃、燃烧不透彻、污染环境等问题。
为实现上述目的, 本发明的技术方案如下:
一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒,其特征在于,是由以下重量份的原料制成:
尿素1-2,污泥5-10,酵母1-2,球孢梭菌1-2,煤粉5-10,聚乙烯醇2-3,石蜡3-6,黄泥10-20,麦秆10-20,硬脂酸钙1-2,稻秆5-10,竹材材料5-10,树枝3-5,三氧化二铁4-8,二氧化锆0.1-0.4,水适量;
所述污泥含水量为30-50%,黄泥含水量为50-70%,煤粉发热值≥5000大卡,粒径≤5mm。
所述的一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法,其特征在于,所述燃烧棒采用外形为圆形的空心结构。
所述的一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法,其特征在于,是由以下步骤制成的:
a. 将煤粉与聚乙烯醇混合均匀,制成混合料后放入烘干炉,60℃ -80℃条件下烘干4-5 个小时,至水分≤ 5%后,送入低温干馏炉,600℃ -900℃条件下干馏2-6 小时出炉,得无烟块煤;
b. 将麦秆、稻秆通过打磨机粉碎为3-6mm的碎料后,置于温度为30-40℃的环境中烘烤至水分含量为30-50%,再向其中酵母和球孢梭菌,在45-75℃环境下堆存发酵处理10-20天,得发酵物;
c. 将竹材材料、树枝通过截断机截成8-12mm的粗料,再通过打磨机粉碎为3-6mm的碎料,加入步骤b所得发酵物、污泥和硬脂酸钙,搅拌均匀,并在30-50℃下堆放2-5h后,采用生物碳低温碳化技术,将该混合物在碳化温度 200-300℃和隔氧条件下进行碳化,粉碎,经筛选机选取粒径在 5mm 以下的碳化物;
d. 向黄泥中加入步骤a所得无烟块煤、步骤c所得碳化物、尿素、氧化铁、二氧化锆和石蜡,搅拌10-20 min后将混合物转到压棒机中,用压棒机挤压成燃烧棒,取出后干燥至含水量为10-20%即可。
本发明的有益效果是:通过秸秆发酵物的加入,使得竹材和树枝在糖分作用下,发生一定程度的微观作用,使得其在挤压成型过程中,能够形成致密的颗粒,避免了生物质燃料的松散性,延长了单位重量的生物质燃料的燃烧时间;三氧化二铁,二氧化锆的加入,有效的减少了二氧化硫等有毒气体的排放,有利于环保及人类的身体健康;碳化过程中将污泥和秸秆、树枝等一起碳化,不仅可以利用将污泥中含有的部分重金属离子沉积在灰渣中,减轻环境污染,又可以利用污泥的流动性和润滑性促进各原料之间的融合与粘结,有利于燃料的成型。石蜡的加入促进了燃料的充分燃烧,使燃料易于点燃;配合添加了尿素,具有助燃的功效。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例, 对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。
实施例
一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒,其特征在于,是由以下重量份的原料制成:
尿素2,污泥10,酵母2,球孢梭菌2,煤粉5,聚乙烯醇3,石蜡3,黄泥10,麦秆20,硬脂酸钙2,稻秆10,竹材材料10,树枝3,三氧化二铁8,二氧化锆0.4,水适量;
所述污泥含水量为30-50%,黄泥含水量为50-70%,煤粉发热值≥5000大卡,粒径≤5mm。
所述的一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法,其特征在于,所述燃烧棒采用外形为圆形的空心结构。
所述的一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法,其特征在于,是由以下步骤制成的:
a. 将煤粉与聚乙烯醇混合均匀,制成混合料后放入烘干炉,60℃ -80℃条件下烘干4-5 个小时,至水分≤ 5%后,送入低温干馏炉,600℃ -900℃条件下干馏2-6 小时出炉,得无烟块煤;
b. 将麦秆、稻秆通过打磨机粉碎为3-6mm的碎料后,置于温度为30-40℃的环境中烘烤至水分含量为30-50%,再向其中酵母和球孢梭菌,在45-75℃环境下堆存发酵处理10-20天,得发酵物;
c. 将竹材材料、树枝通过截断机截成8-12mm的粗料,再通过打磨机粉碎为3-6mm的碎料,加入步骤b所得发酵物、污泥和硬脂酸钙,搅拌均匀,并在30-50℃下堆放2-5h后,采用生物碳低温碳化技术,将该混合物在碳化温度 200-300℃和隔氧条件下进行碳化,粉碎,经筛选机选取粒径在 5mm 以下的碳化物;
d. 向黄泥中加入步骤a所得无烟块煤、步骤c所得碳化物、尿素、氧化铁、二氧化锆和石蜡,搅拌10-20 min后将混合物转到压棒机中,用压棒机挤压成燃烧棒,取出后干燥至含水量为10-20%即可。
本发明的技术参数为:
燃料热值≥3260 kJ/kg,着火点≤520K。

Claims (3)

1.一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒,其特征在于,是由以下重量份的原料制成:
尿素1-2,污泥5-10,酵母1-2,球孢梭菌1-2,煤粉5-10,聚乙烯醇2-3,石蜡3-6,黄泥10-20,麦秆10-20,硬脂酸钙1-2,稻秆5-10,竹材材料5-10,树枝3-5,三氧化二铁4-8,二氧化锆0.1-0.4,水适量;
所述污泥含水量为30-50%,黄泥含水量为50-70%,煤粉发热值≥5000大卡,粒径≤5mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法,其特征在于,所述燃烧棒采用外形为圆形的空心结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法,其特征在于,是由以下步骤制成的:
a. 将煤粉与聚乙烯醇混合均匀,制成混合料后放入烘干炉,60℃ -80℃条件下烘干4-5 个小时,至水分≤ 5%后,送入低温干馏炉,600℃ -900℃条件下干馏2-6 小时出炉,得无烟块煤;
b. 将麦秆、稻秆通过打磨机粉碎为3-6mm的碎料后,置于温度为30-40℃的环境中烘烤至水分含量为30-50%,再向其中酵母和球孢梭菌,在45-75℃环境下堆存发酵处理10-20天,得发酵物;
c. 将竹材材料、树枝通过截断机截成8-12mm的粗料,再通过打磨机粉碎为3-6mm的碎料,加入步骤b所得发酵物、污泥和硬脂酸钙,搅拌均匀,并在30-50℃下堆放2-5h后,采用生物碳低温碳化技术,将该混合物在碳化温度 200-300℃和隔氧条件下进行碳化,粉碎,经筛选机选取粒径在 5mm 以下的碳化物;
d. 向黄泥中加入步骤a所得无烟块煤、步骤c所得碳化物、尿素、氧化铁、二氧化锆和石蜡,搅拌10-20 min后将混合物转到压棒机中,用压棒机挤压成燃烧棒,取出后干燥至含水量为10-20%即可。
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