CN106190409A - 一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106190409A
CN106190409A CN201610708310.8A CN201610708310A CN106190409A CN 106190409 A CN106190409 A CN 106190409A CN 201610708310 A CN201610708310 A CN 201610708310A CN 106190409 A CN106190409 A CN 106190409A
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吴文胜
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Taihu Enjoy New Energy Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法，其特征在于，是由以下重量份的原料制成：尿素1‑2，污泥5‑10，酵母1‑2，球孢梭菌1‑2，煤粉5‑10，聚乙烯醇2‑3，石蜡3‑6，黄泥10‑20，麦秆10‑20，硬脂酸钙1‑2，稻秆5‑10，竹材材料5‑10，树枝3‑5，三氧化二铁4‑8，二氧化锆0.1‑0.4，水适量；本发明利用秸秆配合煤粉制成燃烧棒，既实现了资源的充分利用，又有效的减少了二氧化硫等有毒气体的排放，有利于环保及人类的身体健康；配合添加了尿素，具有助燃的功效。

Description

一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合固体燃料及其制备方法，尤其涉及一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法。
背景技术
生物质颗粒燃料的生产始于20世纪30年代，但是作为产业是在70年代的石油危机期间发展起来的。由于当时石油价格飙升，长期大量使用煤、石油、天然气等石化能源而导致石油资源萎缩和全球气候变暖等问题，迫使部分欧、美洲国家大力开发和利用替代能源。积极开发和使用可再生的清洁能源、减少石化能源的消耗、降低温室气体的排放，已成为世界各国缓解能源危机和气候变化问题的共识。此时生物质颗粒燃料经过几十年的发展，生产技术逐渐成熟起来，产品质量有了很大的提高。由于其生产原料主要来源于当地林业废弃物，运输成本低、价格便宜，所以物美价廉的生物质颗粒燃料成为煤和天然气的替代能源。
赵培涛在《污泥及秸秆生物质固体燃料制备中试工艺及燃烧特性》中利用污泥和污泥及秸秆等生物质制备了一种固体燃料，但是这种固体燃料是实心的圆柱体，在燃烧过程中存在着发热值小、不易燃、燃烧不透彻，从而排放出大量的有害气体，不利于环保。
发明内容
基于以上的思考，本发明的目的在于提供一种生物质固体燃料的配方及制备方法，解决目前生物质固体燃料存在的发热值小、不易燃、燃烧不透彻、污染环境等问题。
为实现上述目的， 本发明的技术方案如下：
一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒，其特征在于，是由以下重量份的原料制成：
尿素1-2，污泥5-10，酵母1-2，球孢梭菌1-2，煤粉5-10，聚乙烯醇2-3，石蜡3-6，黄泥10-20，麦秆10-20，硬脂酸钙1-2，稻秆5-10，竹材材料5-10，树枝3-5，三氧化二铁4-8，二氧化锆0.1-0.4，水适量；
所述污泥含水量为30-50%，黄泥含水量为50-70%，煤粉发热值≥5000大卡，粒径≤5mm。
所述的一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述燃烧棒采用外形为圆形的空心结构。
所述的一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法，其特征在于，是由以下步骤制成的：
a. 将煤粉与聚乙烯醇混合均匀，制成混合料后放入烘干炉，60℃ -80℃条件下烘干4-5 个小时，至水分≤ 5%后，送入低温干馏炉，600℃ -900℃条件下干馏2-6 小时出炉，得无烟块煤；
b. 将麦秆、稻秆通过打磨机粉碎为3-6mm的碎料后，置于温度为30-40℃的环境中烘烤至水分含量为30-50％，再向其中酵母和球孢梭菌，在45-75℃环境下堆存发酵处理10-20天，得发酵物；
c. 将竹材材料、树枝通过截断机截成8-12mm的粗料，再通过打磨机粉碎为3-6mm的碎料，加入步骤b所得发酵物、污泥和硬脂酸钙，搅拌均匀，并在30-50℃下堆放2-5h后，采用生物碳低温碳化技术，将该混合物在碳化温度 200-300℃和隔氧条件下进行碳化，粉碎，经筛选机选取粒径在 5mm 以下的碳化物；
d. 向黄泥中加入步骤a所得无烟块煤、步骤c所得碳化物、尿素、氧化铁、二氧化锆和石蜡，搅拌10-20 min后将混合物转到压棒机中，用压棒机挤压成燃烧棒，取出后干燥至含水量为10-20%即可。
本发明的有益效果是：通过秸秆发酵物的加入，使得竹材和树枝在糖分作用下，发生一定程度的微观作用，使得其在挤压成型过程中，能够形成致密的颗粒，避免了生物质燃料的松散性，延长了单位重量的生物质燃料的燃烧时间；三氧化二铁，二氧化锆的加入，有效的减少了二氧化硫等有毒气体的排放，有利于环保及人类的身体健康；碳化过程中将污泥和秸秆、树枝等一起碳化，不仅可以利用将污泥中含有的部分重金属离子沉积在灰渣中，减轻环境污染，又可以利用污泥的流动性和润滑性促进各原料之间的融合与粘结，有利于燃料的成型。石蜡的加入促进了燃料的充分燃烧，使燃料易于点燃；配合添加了尿素，具有助燃的功效。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例， 对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。
实施例
一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒，其特征在于，是由以下重量份的原料制成：
尿素2，污泥10，酵母2，球孢梭菌2，煤粉5，聚乙烯醇3，石蜡3，黄泥10，麦秆20，硬脂酸钙2，稻秆10，竹材材料10，树枝3，三氧化二铁8，二氧化锆0.4，水适量；
所述污泥含水量为30-50%，黄泥含水量为50-70%，煤粉发热值≥5000大卡，粒径≤5mm。
所述的一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述燃烧棒采用外形为圆形的空心结构。
所述的一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法，其特征在于，是由以下步骤制成的：
a. 将煤粉与聚乙烯醇混合均匀，制成混合料后放入烘干炉，60℃ -80℃条件下烘干4-5 个小时，至水分≤ 5%后，送入低温干馏炉，600℃ -900℃条件下干馏2-6 小时出炉，得无烟块煤；
b. 将麦秆、稻秆通过打磨机粉碎为3-6mm的碎料后，置于温度为30-40℃的环境中烘烤至水分含量为30-50％，再向其中酵母和球孢梭菌，在45-75℃环境下堆存发酵处理10-20天，得发酵物；
c. 将竹材材料、树枝通过截断机截成8-12mm的粗料，再通过打磨机粉碎为3-6mm的碎料，加入步骤b所得发酵物、污泥和硬脂酸钙，搅拌均匀，并在30-50℃下堆放2-5h后，采用生物碳低温碳化技术，将该混合物在碳化温度 200-300℃和隔氧条件下进行碳化，粉碎，经筛选机选取粒径在 5mm 以下的碳化物；
d. 向黄泥中加入步骤a所得无烟块煤、步骤c所得碳化物、尿素、氧化铁、二氧化锆和石蜡，搅拌10-20 min后将混合物转到压棒机中，用压棒机挤压成燃烧棒，取出后干燥至含水量为10-20%即可。
本发明的技术参数为：
燃料热值≥3260 kJ/kg，着火点≤520K。

Claims (3)

1.一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒，其特征在于，是由以下重量份的原料制成：
尿素1-2，污泥5-10，酵母1-2，球孢梭菌1-2，煤粉5-10，聚乙烯醇2-3，石蜡3-6，黄泥10-20，麦秆10-20，硬脂酸钙1-2，稻秆5-10，竹材材料5-10，树枝3-5，三氧化二铁4-8，二氧化锆0.1-0.4，水适量；
所述污泥含水量为30-50%，黄泥含水量为50-70%，煤粉发热值≥5000大卡，粒径≤5mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述燃烧棒采用外形为圆形的空心结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种易燃、脱硫的秸秆生物质燃烧棒及其制备方法，其特征在于，是由以下步骤制成的：
a. 将煤粉与聚乙烯醇混合均匀，制成混合料后放入烘干炉，60℃ -80℃条件下烘干4-5 个小时，至水分≤ 5%后，送入低温干馏炉，600℃ -900℃条件下干馏2-6 小时出炉，得无烟块煤；
b. 将麦秆、稻秆通过打磨机粉碎为3-6mm的碎料后，置于温度为30-40℃的环境中烘烤至水分含量为30-50％，再向其中酵母和球孢梭菌，在45-75℃环境下堆存发酵处理10-20天，得发酵物；
c. 将竹材材料、树枝通过截断机截成8-12mm的粗料，再通过打磨机粉碎为3-6mm的碎料，加入步骤b所得发酵物、污泥和硬脂酸钙，搅拌均匀，并在30-50℃下堆放2-5h后，采用生物碳低温碳化技术，将该混合物在碳化温度 200-300℃和隔氧条件下进行碳化，粉碎，经筛选机选取粒径在 5mm 以下的碳化物；
d. 向黄泥中加入步骤a所得无烟块煤、步骤c所得碳化物、尿素、氧化铁、二氧化锆和石蜡，搅拌10-20 min后将混合物转到压棒机中，用压棒机挤压成燃烧棒，取出后干燥至含水量为10-20%即可。
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