CN106172226A - 一种乌骨鸡的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种乌骨鸡的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106172226A CN106172226A CN201610621386.7A CN201610621386A CN106172226A CN 106172226 A CN106172226 A CN 106172226A CN 201610621386 A CN201610621386 A CN 201610621386A CN 106172226 A CN106172226 A CN 106172226A
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Abstract
本发明涉及畜牧养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种乌骨鸡的养殖方法，包括，雏鸡饲养管理：在雏鸡出壳5‑7h后，将其移至育雏室，当雏鸡出现觅食行为后，对雏鸡喂食营养水。雏鸡喝饱营养水后，进行开食，每天对雏鸡投喂6‑8次开食料，开食4‑5天后，每天对雏鸡投喂5‑7次的雏鸡饲料，雏养期为4‑5周。育成鸡饲养管理：雏鸡度过雏养期后移入育成鸡舍，每天喂食2‑4次育成饲料，在育成期每天早上给乌骨鸡喂养生长调节液。所述营养水为卷心菜榨汁过滤取滤液与水按1:1混合配制而成。使用本发明方法养殖乌骨鸡能降低发病率低，提升乌骨鸡出栏平均重量，具有良好经济效益。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及畜牧养殖技术领域，具体是一种乌骨鸡的养殖方法。
【背景技术】
乌骨鸡，又叫乌鸡，原产于我国江西省泰和县武山西岩汪陂村，乌骨鸡主要因为它的骨骼乌黑而得名，与家鸡同类，同属一个科属，所以形态基本相同，但它体躯短矮而小，鸡头也较小，头颈比较短，耳叶的颜色较特殊，呈绿色略带紫蓝色。最多见的乌骨鸡，遍身羽毛洁白，有“乌鸡白凤”的美称，除两翅羽毛以外，其它部位的毛都如绒丝状，头上还有一撮细毛高突蓬起，骨骼乌黑，连嘴，皮，肉都是黑色的。
现代医学研究，乌鸡内含丰富的黑色素，蛋白质，B族维生素等18种氨基酸和18种微量元素，其中烟酸、维生素E、磷、铁、钾、钠的含量均高于普通鸡肉，胆固醇和脂肪含量却很低。乌鸡的血清总蛋白和球蛋白质含量均明显高于普通鸡。乌鸡肉中含氨基酸高于普通鸡，而且含铁元素也比普通鸡高很多，是营养价值极高的滋补品，被人们称乌鸡是“黑了心的宝贝”。所以，乌鸡是补虚劳、养身体的上好佳品。食用乌鸡可以提高生理机能、延缓衰老、强筋健骨。对防治骨质疏松、佝偻病、妇女缺铁性贫血症等有明显功效。《本草纲目》认为乌骨鸡有补虚劳羸弱，制消渴，益产妇，治妇人崩中带下及一些虚损诸病的功用。
此可见，乌骨鸡在医药应用领域也是具有较为广阔的前景的，并且现在市场上已经出现了大量关于乌骨鸡用于保健品、乌骨鸡用于保健食品的产品。对于乌骨鸡的扩大化养殖已经成为必然的趋势。但是规模化养殖过程中，为了提高经济效益，防止密集养殖鸡群爆发大规模各种传染病而大量使用各类抗生素及激素。人们食用后，不但没起到防病治病的效果，残留在鸡肉内的各类激素药物还对人的身体健康造成严重的威胁。因此提供一种绿色环保、鸡肉营养价值高、经济效益好的乌骨鸡养殖方法成为迫切需求。
【发明内容】
鉴于以上内容，有必要提供一种乌骨鸡的养殖方法。
一种乌骨鸡的养殖方法，包括雏鸡饲养管理、育成鸡饲养管理。
(1)雏鸡饲养管理：在雏鸡出壳5-7h后，将其移至育雏室，当雏鸡出现觅食行为后，对雏鸡喂食营养水，雏鸡喝饱营养水后，进行开食，每天对雏鸡投喂6-8次开食料，喂开食饲料同时提供营养水供雏鸡食用，开食4-5天后，每天对雏鸡投喂5-7次的雏鸡饲料，雏养期为4-5周；
(2)育成鸡饲养管理：雏鸡度过雏养期后移入育成鸡舍，每天喂食2-4次育成饲料，同时每天早上喂食一次生长调节液；当鸡龄满160天即可出栏。
所述生长调节液由以下重量份数原料配制而成：酢浆草5-8份、黄矾0.2-0.5份、白苋1-2份、柠檬叶1-2份、水150-300份；
所述营养水制备方法为：卷心菜榨汁过滤，取滤液与水按1:1混合配制而成。
进一步的，所述开食料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成：玉米粉55份、骨粉6份、豆粕15份、鱼粉7份、食盐0.2份、沙子0.2份；柽柳叶1份、辛夷3份、半枝莲2份、红蓝草3份、甘草0.7份。
进一步的，所述育成饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成：玉米粉65份、骨粉7份、豆粕10份、鱼粉15份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.2份、柽柳叶1份、辛夷3份、半枝莲2份、红蓝草3份、黄芪0.7份、柚子皮2份。
进一步的，所述生长调节液制备方法为：取酢浆草、黄矾、柠檬叶粉碎榨汁过滤得到汁液分别加入黄矾、水混合均匀即可。
进一步的，所述育雏室地面铺有一层熟石灰，石灰上铺有4-5cm厚的垫草，育雏室温度为33-35℃，湿度控制为60％-70％。
进一步的，所述雏鸡饲养管理采用室内饲养，所述育成鸡室外放养。
卷心菜学名结球甘蓝，是十字花科、芸薹属的植物，矮且粗壮一年生茎肉质，不分枝，绿色或灰绿色。基生叶多数，质厚，层层包裹成球状体，扁球形，直径10-30厘米或更大，乳白色或淡绿色。卷心菜富含维生素C、维生素B1、叶酸、维生素K、维生素U、绿原酸和钾，还有丰富的矿物质。新鲜的卷心菜中含有植物杀菌素，有抗菌消炎的作用。
酢浆草别名酸浆草、酸酸草、斑鸠酸、三叶酸。功能主治：清热利湿，解毒消肿。用于感冒发热，肠炎，尿路感染，尿路结石，神经衰弱；外用治跌打损伤，毒蛇咬伤，痈肿疮疖，脚癣，湿疹，烧烫伤。对金黄色葡萄球菌有抗菌作用。
黄矾为硫酸盐类矿物黄矾的矿石。性味：酸；涩；咸。具有解毒杀虫；敛疮；主痔瘘；恶疮；疥癣；聤耳出脓的功效。
白苋别名细苋、糠苋、野苋、猪苋。功能主治清热；利湿；解毒；主痢疾；泄泻；小便赤涩；疮肿；蛇虫螫伤；牙疳。全草含24-乙基-5α-胆甾烷-7，反甙-22-二烯-3β-醇，菠菜甾醇，24-甲基-7-胆甾烯醇，24-甲基-22-去氢-7-胆甾烯醇，24-乙基-7-胆甾烯酸，24-乙基胆甾醇，24-乙基-22-去氢胆甾醇等化学成分及多种维生素。
柠檬叶为芸香科植物黎檬或洋柠檬的叶，全年可采。有化痰止咳、理气、开胃等功效，治疗咳喘、腹胀、泄泻等疾病。含黎檬的叶中含黄酮类、香豆精类,有机酸等。黄酮类中，有槲皮素和根皮素。香豆精类中；有伞形花内酯、东莨菪素和马栗树皮素。有机酸中，有阿魏酸、p-香豆酸、水扬酸、p-羟基苯乙酸、芥子酸、p-羟基苯甲酸、香荚兰酸、龙胆酸和o-香豆酸；还含香荚兰醛等化学成分。
柽柳叶为植物柽柳叶子；功能主治痘疹透发不畅或疹毒内陷，感冒，咳嗽，风湿骨痛；柽柳叶对肺炎球菌、甲型链球菌、白色葡萄球菌和流感杆菌均有抑制作用；还具有解热、抗肝炎效果。
辛夷别名木笔花、望春花、春花、木兰、紫玉兰、白玉兰、二月花、广玉兰。功能主治散风寒，通鼻窍。用于风寒头痛，鼻塞，鼻渊，鼻流浊涕。研究表明辛夷具有抑菌、消炎、抗过敏、降压、镇痛作用。
红蓝草爵床科植物，以全草入药，主要分布于我国南部各省。广西壮族人最喜欢采摘此叶熬出汁液，用不同的方法蒸、煮岀红色、蓝(紫)色的糯米饭，红蓝草因此而得名。红蓝草有消炎、清热解毒、利尿、清肺热止咳、散瘀、凉血止血、消肿止痛等功用，研究表明红蓝草提取物具有镇咳祛痰和免疫作用作用，能有效提高免疫作用，此外从红蓝草提取的紫蓝素具有抗乙型肝炎病毒，抗糖尿病，抗氧化等药理活性。
半枝莲为唇形科植物半枝莲的全草，功能主治：清热，解毒，散瘀，止血，定痛，治吐血，衄血，血淋，赤痢，黄疸，咽喉疼痛，肺痈，疔疮，瘰疬，疮毒，癌肿，跌打刀伤，蛇咬伤。全草含红花素，异红花素，高山黄芩素，高山黄钤甙，β-谷甾醇，硬脂酸，生物碱、多糖等。具有抑菌作用，半枝莲煎剂用平板挖沟法，对金黄色葡萄球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌有抑制作用；此外半枝莲还有免疫调节作用，抑制幼虫的生长等作用。
甘草为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草、或光果甘草的干燥根。功能主治：补脾益气，清热解毒，祛痰止咳，缓急止痛，调和诸药；用于脾胃虚弱，倦怠乏力，心悸气短，咳嗽痰多，脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛，痈肿疮毒，缓解药物毒性、烈性。甘草具有解毒、抗炎及抗变态反应、解痉等作用。
柚子皮中的主要黄酮类化合物成分是抽皮贰，它在碱性条件下，经氢化处理，可得到高甜度、低能量的袖皮贰二氢查耳酮，其甜度是蔗糖的1000倍。袖皮贰在抽皮中的含量约3％-5％，具有抗过敏、降血压、消炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、保肝和降血脂等活性。
本发明有益效果：
1.本发明通过采用营养水代替传统直接喂养清水方式培育雏鸡，营养水含有植物杀菌素，有抗菌消炎的作用。营养水富含各类矿物质及维生素，而且这矿物质及维生素利于雏鸡的吸收利用，有效提高雏鸡对环境的适应能力。营养水富含维生素C可以增加雏鸡抵抗力和免疫力，减少雏鸡发病率及死亡率。
2.本发明根据乌骨鸡每个阶段对营养需求的不同，通过在开食饲料、育成饲料中加入不同分量营养组分以适用鸡的生长需求。在饲料中加入天然的中草药，其中，柽柳叶对多种疾病和病毒还有较强的抑制和杀灭作用，对于预防鸡瘟、鸡马立克氏病、鸡新城疫均有效果；辛夷能提高乌骨鸡胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊重量及其指数的效果，提升乌骨鸡免疫力；红蓝草可以可提高动物的免疫和抗氧化能力，维持动物体内环境的正常平衡，保证动物健康发育；半枝莲可以提升乌骨鸡的免疫功能，增强鸡对传染病的抵抗力，并且有防止病菌滋生，杀灭病菌作用；甘草含多糖、生物碱、挥发油等生物活性物质，具有增强免疫的功效，甘草所含的这些免疫活性物质活化机体免疫系统，从不同环节激发免疫应答，起到理气消食、促进红细胞再生、提高机体免疫力的作用；柚子皮可以促进乌骨鸡进食，而且还有提高幼畜消化机能，调节消化道内微生物，有利于动物健康等作用。中草药各组分合理配伍发挥协同作用，中草药相互配合可以替代饲料中饲用抗生素、激素的添加，促进鸡较快生长，增强乌骨鸡的活力，改善生产性能的功能，提高鸡的免疫力，还对增强鸡的传染性疾病、致病性寄生虫的抵抗能力，降低料肉比。
3.本发明在育成鸡阶段喂食生长调节液，其中，酢浆草具有改善乌骨鸡消化道酶活性和增加营养物质消化率的作用，能降低病原微生物的感染机会，使肠道病原微生物的繁殖受到抑制，利于益生菌繁殖；柠檬叶能与一些矿物质元素结合成易被吸收利用的化合物，起到促进矿物质吸收的作用，可增加乌骨鸡采食量和日增重，提高饲料利用率；白苋含有多种糖、醇类及维生素，能调节乌骨鸡肠道吸收功能；黄矾具有解毒杀虫效果。以上生长调节剂的中草药相互配合增效，起到促进乌骨鸡消化吸收、快速长肉，降低料肉比与饲养成本，提高养殖经济效应。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1
一种乌骨鸡的养殖方法，包括雏鸡饲养管理、育成鸡饲养管理，其特征在于，
(1)雏鸡饲养管理：在雏鸡出壳6h后，将其移至育雏室，育雏室地面铺有一层熟石灰，石灰上铺有4cm厚的垫草，育雏室温度为34℃，湿度控制为65％，雏鸡采用室内饲养。当雏鸡出现觅食行为后，对雏鸡喂食营养水，雏鸡喝饱营养水后，进行开食，每天对雏鸡投喂7次开食料，喂开食饲料同时提供营养水供雏鸡食用，开食5天后，每天对雏鸡投喂6次的雏鸡饲料，雏养期为5周；所述营养水制备方法为：卷心菜榨汁过滤，取滤液与水按1:1混合配制而成。所述开食料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成：玉米粉55份、骨粉6份、豆粕15份、鱼粉7份、食盐0.2份、沙子0.2份；柽柳叶1份、辛夷3份、半枝莲2份、红蓝草3份、甘草0.7份
(2)育成鸡饲养管理：雏鸡度过雏养期后移入育成鸡舍，采用室外放养，每天喂食3次育成饲料，同时每天早上喂食一次生长调节液；当鸡龄满160天即可出栏。所述育成饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成：玉米粉65份、骨粉7份、豆粕10份、鱼粉15份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.3份、柽柳叶2份、辛夷2份、半枝莲1份、红蓝草5份、甘草0.5份、柚子皮5份。所述生长调节液制备方法为：按重量份数取酢浆草6份、黄矾0.3份、柠檬叶2份粉碎榨汁，过滤得到汁液分别加入按重量份计黄矾0.2-0.5份、水150-300份混合均匀即可。
实施例2
(1)雏鸡饲养管理：在雏鸡出壳5h后，将其移至育雏室，育雏室地面铺有一层熟石灰，石灰上铺有4-5cm厚的垫草，育雏室温度为33℃，湿度控制为60％，雏鸡采用室内饲养。当雏鸡出现觅食行为后，对雏鸡喂食营养水，雏鸡喝饱营养水后，进行开食，每天对雏鸡投喂6次开食料，喂开食饲料同时提供营养水供雏鸡食用，开食4天后，每天对雏鸡投喂5次的雏鸡饲料，雏养期为4周；所述营养水制备方法为：卷心菜榨汁过滤，取滤液与水按1:1混合配制而成。所述开食料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成：玉米粉55份、骨粉6份、豆粕15份、鱼粉7份、食盐0.2份、沙子0.2份；柽柳叶1份、辛夷3份、半枝莲2份、红蓝草3份、甘草0.7份
(2)育成鸡饲养管理：雏鸡度过雏养期后移入育成鸡舍，采用室外放养，每天喂食2次育成饲料，同时每天早上喂食一次生长调节液；当鸡龄满160天即可出栏。所述育成饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成：玉米粉65份、骨粉7份、豆粕10份、鱼粉15份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.3份、柽柳叶2份、辛夷2份、半枝莲1份、红蓝草5份、甘草0.5份、柚子皮5份。所述生长调节液制备方法为：按重量份数取酢浆草5份、黄矾0.2份、柠檬叶1份粉碎榨汁，过滤得到汁液分别加入按重量份计黄矾0.2份、水150份混合均匀即可。
实施例3
(1)雏鸡饲养管理：在雏鸡出壳7h后，将其移至育雏室，育雏室地面铺有一层熟石灰，石灰上铺有5cm厚的垫草，育雏室温度为35℃，湿度控制为70％，雏鸡采用室内饲养。当雏鸡出现觅食行为后，对雏鸡喂食营养水，雏鸡喝饱营养水后，进行开食，每天对雏鸡投喂8次开食料，喂开食饲料同时提供营养水供雏鸡食用，开食5天后，每天对雏鸡投喂7次的雏鸡饲料，雏养期为5周；所述营养水制备方法为：卷心菜榨汁过滤，取滤液与水按1:1混合配制而成。所述开食料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成：玉米粉55份、骨粉6份、豆粕15份、鱼粉7份、食盐0.2份、沙子0.2份；柽柳叶1份、辛夷3份、半枝莲2份、红蓝草3份、甘草0.7份
(2)育成鸡饲养管理：雏鸡度过雏养期后移入育成鸡舍，采用室外放养，每天喂食4次育成饲料，同时每天早上喂食一次生长调节液；当鸡龄满160天即可出栏。所述育成饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成：玉米粉65份、骨粉7份、豆粕10份、鱼粉15份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.3份、柽柳叶2份、辛夷2份、半枝莲1份、红蓝草5份、甘草0.5份、柚子皮5份。所述生长调节液制备方法为：按重量份数取酢浆草8份、黄矾0.5份、柠檬叶2份粉碎榨汁，过滤得到汁液分别加入按重量份计黄矾0.5份、水300份混合均匀即可。
为验证本发明乌骨鸡养殖方法效果，采用以下不同方式进行养殖，将600只乌骨鸡随机平均分成实验组、对照组1、对照组2。实验组采用本发明实施例1方式进行饲养；对照组1采用本发明实施例1方式，但在育成期采用喂养清水代生长调节液方式喂养。对照组2采用本发明实施例1方式喂养，但是饲料中不包含柽柳叶、辛夷、半枝莲、红蓝草、甘草、柚子皮等中草药成分，育成期采用喂养清水代生长调节液。实验组和对照组营养成分相同，犯病处理方式一致，结果如下表。
表1、发病率、成活率统计、生长性能的影响
从上表可以看出采用本发明养殖乌骨鸡可以有效提高鸡的成活率、平均重量、腹脂率，降低乌骨鸡发病率料肉比，在乌骨鸡育成期喂食生长调剂液可以提高乌骨鸡平均重量及腹脂率，有效减低料肉比。说明本发明方法可以有效增强乌骨鸡免疫力、增强活力；促进乌骨鸡的消化吸收及营养转化功能，提高养殖经济效益。
该注意的是，上述实施例对本发明进行说明而不是对本发明进行限制，并且本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下可设计出替换实施例均应属于本发明所涵盖专利。
Claims (6)
1.一种乌骨鸡的养殖方法，包括雏鸡饲养管理、育成鸡饲养管理，其特征在于，
(1)雏鸡饲养管理：在雏鸡出壳5-7h后，将其移至育雏室，当雏鸡出现觅食行为后，对雏鸡喂食营养水，雏鸡喝饱营养水后，进行开食，每天对雏鸡投喂6-8次开食料，喂开食饲料同时提供营养水供雏鸡食用，开食4-5天后，每天对雏鸡投喂5-7次的雏鸡饲料，雏养期为4-5周；
(2)育成鸡饲养管理：雏鸡度过雏养期后移入育成鸡舍，每天喂食2-4次育成饲料，同时每天早上喂食一次生长调节液；当鸡龄满160天即可出栏；
所述生长调节液由以下重量份数原料配制而成：酢浆草5-8份、黄矾0.2-0.5份、白苋1-2份、柠檬叶1-2份、水150-300份；
所述营养水制备方法为：卷心菜榨汁过滤，取滤液与水按1:1混合配制而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述乌骨鸡的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述开食料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成：玉米粉55份、骨粉6份、豆粕15份、鱼粉7份、食盐0.2份、沙子0.2份，柽柳叶1份、辛夷3份、半枝莲2份、红蓝草3份、甘草0.7份。
3.根据权利要求1所述乌骨鸡的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述育成饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成：玉米粉65份、骨粉7份、豆粕10份、鱼粉15份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.3份、柽柳叶2份、辛夷2份、半枝莲1份、红蓝草5份、甘草0.5份、柚子皮5份。
4.根据权利要求1所述乌骨鸡的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述生长调节液制备方法为：取酢浆草、黄矾、柠檬叶粉碎榨汁过滤得到汁液，在汁液中分别加入黄矾、水混合均匀即可。
5.根据权利要求1所述乌骨鸡的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述育雏室地面铺有一层熟石灰，石灰上铺有4-5cm厚的垫草，育雏室温度为33-35℃，湿度控制为60％-70％。
6.根据权利要求1所述乌骨鸡的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述雏鸡饲养管理采用室内饲养，所述育成鸡采用室外放养。
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