CN106138532A - 治疗脑梗的开窍醒脑清障中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
治疗脑梗的开窍醒脑清障中药及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种调控血脑屏障通透性的治疗脑梗的开窍醒脑清障中药及其制备方法,由A剂药和B剂药按重量份数制备而成,A剂药:猪牙皂4份、细辛8份、薄荷3份、石菖蒲10份、川芎12份、水蛭6份、虻虫5份、大黄4份、穿山甲6份、王不留行8份、丹参10份、桃仁10份、川乌1份;B剂药:地龙2份、豨签草2份、蜈蚣2条、莪术12份、三棱9份、益母草10份、鸡血藤15份、络石藤10份、忍冬藤15份、钩藤15份、地鳖虫4份、桑葚15份、全蝎5份、槐角8份、独活7份、灵仙5份、当归10份、赤芍8份、淡豆鼓20份,打破长期以来“中药起效慢、作用强度低”的思维定势;辨证施治,经多年临床应用,使脑梗患者病情不再加重,临床症状有明显减轻并好转,能够恢复人体各项机能,提高了治疗效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,尤其涉及一种调控血脑屏障通透性的治疗脑梗的开窍醒脑清障中药及其制备方法。
背景技术
引起脑梗塞的主要原因是由脑组织内部血液病变及血管病变同时作用的结果。由于血液粘度高即动脉硬化斑块形成等原因,导致脑梗塞,出现脑血管功能障碍,引起相庆症状的脑血管意外性疾病。脑梗塞的中药治疗药物有芪参通络胶囊,其主治:益气活血、化瘀通络。用于缺血性中风中经络气虚血瘀证之半身不遂、口舌歪斜、言语不利、肢体麻木等症,脑梗塞的中药治疗药物还有抗脑衰胶囊,其功能主治:补肾填精,益气养血,强身健脑。用于因肾精不足,肝气血亏所引起的精神疲惫,失眠多梦,头晕目眩,体乏无力,记忆力减退。脑梗塞的中药治疗药物还有补脑丸,用于迷惑健忘,记忆减退,头晕耳鸣,心烦失眠,心悸不宁,癫痫头痛,神烦胸闷。脑梗塞的中药治疗药物还有麝香抗栓胶囊,其功能主治:通络活血,醒脑散淤。用于中风,半身不遂,言语不清,手足麻木,头痛,目眩。这些药物在治疗脑梗中确实起到了一定疗效,但是在有效率、治愈率等方面还是有一定的局限性,其治疗机理需要提高。西医治疗脑梗具有起效快、治疗针对性强、目标明确的优点,但是西医耐药性强,副作用大,治标不治本,无法从身体本身来彻底解决脑梗发生的内部环境问题。所以中医应当吸收西医起效快、靶点明确的优点,来快速准确地治疗脑梗,并且
应以打通血脉,疏通经脉为主,而风痰瘀血阻络是此期的主要病机,所以要从培本复元,以扶其正,祛瘀化痰,疏风通络,以治其标来下手。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的不足而提供一种具有疗效快、效果明显,同时还能够调控血脑屏障通透性的治疗脑梗的开窍醒脑清障中药及其制备方法,结合临床经验,以辨伪虚实,辨明主次为办法,进行大量临床试验得出最佳技术方案。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种治疗脑梗死的开窍醒脑清障中药,其特征在于:由A剂药和B剂药组成,A剂药由下列各原料按重量份数制备而成:猪牙皂4份、细辛8份、薄荷3份、石菖蒲10份、川芎12份、水蛭6份、虻虫5份、大黄4份、穿山甲6份、王不留行8份、丹参10份、桃仁10份、川乌1份;
B剂药由下列各原料按重量份数制备而成:地龙2份、豨签草2份、蜈蚣2条、莪术12份、三棱9份、益母草10份、鸡血藤15份、络石藤10份、忍冬藤15份、钩藤15份、地鳖虫4份、桑葚15份、全蝎5份、槐角8份、独活7份、灵仙5份、当归10份、赤芍8份、淡豆鼓20份。
一种治疗脑梗死的开窍醒脑清障中药的制备方法,其特征在于:按照如下步骤进行:
步骤1)、按照重量份数称取猪牙皂4份、细辛8份、薄荷3份、石菖蒲10份、川芎12份、水蛭6份、虻虫5份、大黄4份、穿山甲6份、王不留行8份、丹参10份、桃仁10份、川乌1份组成A剂药放入到中药粉碎机中进行粉碎,采用100目进行筛选得到A剂药粉末混合物;按照重量份数称取地龙2份、豨签草2份、蜈蚣2条、莪术12份、三棱9份、益母草10份、鸡血藤15份、络石藤10份、忍冬藤15份、钩藤15份、地鳖虫4份、桑葚15份、全蝎5份、槐角8份、独活7份、灵仙5份、当归10份、赤芍8份、淡豆鼓20份组成B剂药放入到中药粉碎机中进行粉碎,采用100目进行筛选得到B剂药粉末混合物;
步骤2)、将A剂药和B剂药粉末混合物分别装进两个滤纸包装袋中,将两个滤纸包装袋分别放入两个砂锅内,每一个砂锅均采用第一煎加药物重量8倍量的水,浸泡20-40分钟,先用大火煮沸后,再用文火煎 25-35 分钟,取药液;第二煎加药物重量 6倍量的水,先用大火煮沸后,再用文火煎 20-30分钟,取药液;合并两次的药液得到A剂药水煎液和B剂药水煎液;
步骤3)、把A剂药水煎液和B剂药水煎液分别放入离心机以每分钟4000转的速度离心处理15分钟,离心后分别得到A剂药水煎液和B剂药水煎液的上清液,蒸发上清液除去水分,得药物浸膏,将所得药物浸膏经真空干燥得到A剂药和B剂药的中药提取物颗粒。服用时,病人上午服用A剂药的中药提取物颗粒,晚上服用B剂药的中药提取物颗粒。
本发明具有如下积极效果:
一、本发明的治疗脑梗死的开窍醒脑清障中药配方是目前治疗脑梗临床
效果明显的代表方剂,本发明的各个中药理药性具体如下:
1、本发明的猪牙皂配细辛及薄荷:通窍开闭,治疗中风神昏。缨辛,辛开温通,芳香透达;猪牙皂,辛开温通,具有强烈的去痰作用。猪牙皂配细辛二药相配,即有较强的通窍开闭作用,又有良好的去风化痰之功。故二药常相互为用。治疗中风神昏,口噤不开,涎潮壅上之证;两者再配上薄荷,可以进一步促进通窍苏醒,使大脑清新怡神。
2、本发明的石菖蒲利气开窍,通络清障,在猪牙皂配细辛及薄荷通窍开闭作用下,引领诸药直达病所,共为使药,在石菖蒲的引领下,川芎活血行气,水蛭破血化瘀,有“破瘀血而不伤新血”之能,二药相伍,活血而不耗血,祛瘀又能生新,共为臣药;同时水蛭治疗血瘀可配伍虻虫,配大黄则祛瘀作用更强。
水蛭与虻虫虽都有破血逐瘀作用,但水蛭药力较缓而作用持久,偏入肝经、膀胱经,逐瘀效果较好。虻虫破血力较水蛭更猛峻,遍行经络,通利血脉,逐瘀效果不如水蛭较稳。虻虫单用者很少,配水蛭,一潜一飞,皆吸血之物,逐恶血,散结,治血结上下俱病者,功效尤彰,虻虫攻血之力峻猛,急而短暂;水蛭破血之力迟缓,稳而持久;二药合用具有很强的破血逐瘀功效。脑梗病重又在于瘀阻不畅,在川芎、水蛭破瘀受阻情况下,在加上穿山甲、王不留行进一步活血破瘀,穿山甲有软坚之功,对瘀血积聚具有攻坚克难之奇效,穿山甲性善走窜,内达脏腑,外通经络,活血祛瘀力强,能通利经络,透达各个经脉,尤其是在王不留行的辅佐之下能进一步打通血脉,贯通经络。活血化瘀药一般都有扩张外周血管,增加器官血流量的作用;各个活血化瘀药,扩血管作用的主要部位不同,如对股动脉的扩张作用,以穿山甲、水蛭的作用较突出,均属破血散结药,说明在活血化瘀药中,对于股动脉,以破血散结药的扩血管作用最强,加入丹参、桃仁、川乌则对扩张作用更为突出。
3、微循环是循环系统中最基层的结构和功能单位,一旦发生障碍,其相应的组织系统或内脏器官就会受到影响而不能发挥正常功能,因为人的毛细血管极细极长,其中的血液流速极慢,每秒只能流动0.41毫米,在整个血脉打通之后,如何恢复微循环的功能则需要地龙的加入。地龙体内含有某些特殊药理活性成分,有降低血小板聚集作用,降低血粘度,溶解血栓,改善微循环,使脑血管梗死部分血流通畅,功能恢复,这种作用机理改变了传统扩张血管的被动疗法,是治疗脑血管疾病上的一个新突破,同时地龙可调节前列环素和血栓素的平衡,抑制内皮素产生,增加血浆一氧化氮浓度,增加毛细血管开放、扩张微血管,减低血流阻力,增加脑微循环血液灌流量。豨签草用于中风,半身不遂,腰膝无力等症,能强筋骨,适用于四肢麻痹、腰膝无力、中风口眼歪斜 、半身不遂等症。豨签草用于治疗中风后遗症、半身不遂、手足麻木,用本品通经络、调气血,常与当归、地龙等同用。
4、蜈蚣是“平肝息风药”中的“息风止痉药”,药性:辛,温,有毒归肝经,功效:祛风镇痉,攻毒散结,通络止痛,应用:痉挛抽搐,疮疡肿毒,瘰疬结核,风湿顽痹,顽固性头痛;中药蜈蚣具有镇静熄风、通络止痛、解毒散结之功效。根据今人“治血先治风,风行血自通”的论述,故用蜈蚣虫类药和莪术、三棱,搜风通络,鼓舞血管张力,促进血流,为臣;莪术、三棱均能破血破气、消积止痛,常相须而用,主治症瘕积聚、气血瘀滞之心腹瘀痛痛经及食积腹痛;破气消积,三者药配伍,气血兼顾,活血行气,化积消症之力增强。莪术:血中之气药,长于破血中之气;三棱:气中之血药,善破气中之血。
5、血瘀证常表现为血栓闭塞性疾病,即脑血栓的形成,实验证明,许多活血化瘀药都有抗血栓形成作用,如益母草、三棱、莪术等。血瘀患者血液的浓、粘状态,引起血流缓慢,血小板易于在血管内膜损伤处粘着,活血化瘀药改善血液流变学特性,减少了血小板的粘着和聚集,降低血小板的表面活性,从而抑制血小板聚集,而本发明采用鸡血藤、络石藤、忍冬藤、钩藤,配合益母草、三棱、莪术具有较强的抗血栓形成作用;同时还可以通过增加纤溶酶活性,促进已形成的纤维蛋白溶解而发挥其抗血栓形成作用。鸡血藤:苦甘温,归肝经,行血补血,舒经活络;功能主治:补血,活血,通络。用于风湿痹痛、关节酸痛、手足麻木、肢体瘫痪等证。忍冬藤的功效与作用:低浓度可抑制离体心脏,高浓度可兴奋豚鼠心脏,增加收缩,加快心率。灌服或静注对麻醉猫有显著的降压作用。其降压机制与中枢有关,与直接扩张血管也有关。有显著的降脂作用。络石藤:有祛风通络,凉血消肿的功效。钩藤具有镇静、降压、清热平肝、息风定惊的功能,用于头痛眩晕,感冒夹惊、惊痫抽搐,妊娠子痫,高血压等症。
6、本发明除了采用穿山甲进行软坚之功外,加入土鳖虫为辅药,辅以软坚、化痰、利水及壮腰健肾的中药,充分发挥土鳖虫化瘀散结的作用,将桑葚与其配伍发挥两者最大作用,并利用全蝎的有效成份激活经气,通络散结,使气血调和,淤毒散尽,达到平调阴阳,激活人体免疫修复系统之功效。桑葚有改善包括头皮血液供应、营养肌肤、提高免疫力和促进新陈代谢的作用,并能延缓衰老,可防止人体动脉硬化,促进血红细胞的生长,防止白细胞减少,并对治疗糖尿病、贫血、高血压、高血脂等病症具有辅助功效。
7、独活,性味辛温微苦,入肝、肾、膀胱经,祛风胜湿,散寒,止痛,消肿,舒筋活络。灵仙具有祛风除湿,活血通络,解毒散结。配伍灵仙更具有止痛消肿、祛风散寒的作用。
槐角,清热,润肝,凉血,止血;具有软化血管,降血压,降胆固醇,疏风热,润大肠,凉血通便之功效,对治疗冠心病、高血压、脑血管栓塞等症疗效显著,清心、肺、脾、肝、大肠之火,治心腹热痛,润肝养血。
赤芍为毛茛科植物赤芍或川赤芍的干燥根。苦,微寒,归肝经,有清热凉血,活血祛瘀的功效,赤芍是著名野生地道中药材,应用历史悠久。当归既能补血,又可活血,统称和血;当归身补血,当归尾破血。
淡豆鼓,中药名,为豆科植物大豆的成熟种子的发酵加工品,其性味苦寒,具有解表,除烦,宣郁,解毒之功效,用于伤寒热病,寒热,头痛,烦躁,胸闷,具有溶血栓,清血管,降三高的作用。
赤芍、槐角配伍当归、淡豆鼓,清热润肝,补血活血,强筋壮骨,清理血管,为大脑梗塞处恢复畅通提供动力。
上述各味中药相互作用,具有降低三高、排除毒素、利水化浊,活血散淤的功能,配伍在一起,为后期脑梗恢复提供正常的血压、软坚散结、软化血管、促进血流之用,引诸药达高巅之顶,帮助大脑血流通畅,全方共奏化浊散淤,搜风通络,软化血管,促进血流,疏风醒脑,活血而不耗血,祛瘀又能生新,逐瘀通络,益气固脱之功效,各药合用在一起,一防攻伐太过,二防活血乏力,共为佐药;综观全方,不仅使“真气”化源不绝,又可使“关卡”闭合有序,畅通无阻,共唱启屏开障、生新有力之功。
因此,本发明打破长期以来“中药起效慢、作用强度低”的思维定势;辨证施治,经多年临床应用,使脑梗患者病情不再加重,临床症状有明显减轻并好转,并能够恢复人体各项机能,提高了治疗效果。
二、本发明的药理分析如下:
1、改善血流动力学:活血化瘀药一般都有扩张外周血管,增加器官血流量的作用,各个活血化瘀药,扩血管作用的主要部位不同,如对股动脉的扩张作用,以穿山甲、水蛭、虻虫、土鳖虫、蜈蚣、大黄、益母草、王不留行、莪术、桃仁的作用较突出,其中除益母草外,其他均属破血散结药,说明在活血化瘀药中,对于股动脉,以破血散结药的扩血管作用最强;丹参、川芎等则对冠状动脉的扩张作用更为突出。脑梗塞具有典型的血瘀症状,活血化瘀药治疗脑梗塞具有良好疗效。已证明许多活血化瘀药有增加血流量,改善大脑供血供氧的作用,如川芎、丹参、益母草、当归、赤芍等;
2、改善血液流变学和抗血栓形成:
1)改善血液流变学:活血化瘀药及其复方一般均能改善血瘀患者血液的浓(指血液的浓度增高,表现为血球压积增加,血浆蛋白、血脂等浓度增高等)、粘(指血液粘稠,表现为全血和血浆比粘度增加、凝(指血液的凝固性增加,表现为血浆纤维蛋白原增加,凝血速度加快)、聚(指血细胞聚集性增加,表现为红细胞和血小板在血浆中电泳缓慢,血小板对各种因素诱导的凝集性增高,红细胞沉降率加快等)状态,其中以养血、活血和活血祛瘀类作用更为明显。各种不同原因的血瘀证,经活血化瘀药物治疗后,血液流变学的各项指标好转。其中以丹参、川芎、益母草等作用更为明显。
2)抗血栓形成:血瘀证常表现为血栓闭塞性疾病,如心肌粳塞、脑血栓形成、血栓闭塞性脉管炎、视网膜血管阻塞等。实验证明,许多活血化瘀药都有抗血栓形成作用,如益母草、当归、三棱、泽兰、莪术、淡豆鼓等。
3)抑制血小板聚集。血瘀患者血液的浓、粘状态,引起血流缓慢,血小板易于在血管内膜损伤处粘着,活血化瘀药改善血液流变学特性,减少了血小板的粘着和聚集,降低血小板的表面活性,从而抑制血小板聚集,如赤芍、鸡血藤、当归、川芎、红花、益母草、水蛭、三棱、莪术等都有这种作用。
4)增加纤溶酶活性。某些活血化瘀药,如淡豆鼓、益母草、赤芍、丹参、桃仁、鸡血藤、络石藤、忍冬藤、钩藤等,可通过增加纤溶酶活性,促进已形成的纤维蛋白溶解而发挥其抗血栓形成作用。
3、改善微循环:微循环一般是指微动脉与微静脉间的微血管血液循环。祖国医学早有“久病入络为血瘀”的理论,现代研究表明,血瘀患者一般均有微循环障碍的表现,如微血流缓慢和瘀滞,甚至血管内凝血,微血管变形(管襻扭曲、畸形、顶端扩张等);微血管周围渗血和出血;微血管缩窄或闭塞等。许多活血化瘀的药都具有改善微循环的作用,如地龙、川芎、丹参、当归、益母草等。
1)改善微血流。治疗后微循环改善常首先表现为微血流改善,使流动缓慢的血流加速,这可能主要是血液流变学特性,血液的浓、粘、凝、聚倾向改善而产生的间接影响。
2)微血管形态改善。表现为微血管痉挛解除, 循环内红细胞的瘀滞和汇集减轻、微血管瘀血减少或消失,微血管轮廓清晰,形态趋向正常。
3)毛细血管通透性降低,微血管周围渗血减少或消失。
4、抗炎作用:活血化瘀对各种炎症的早期及不同类型的炎症浸润均有明显疗效,其抗炎作用的原理可能是由于它降低炎症区毛细血管的通透性,减少了炎性渗出;同时由于局部组织的血液循环改善,促进了炎性渗出物的吸收所致。此外,有些活血化瘀药本身也具有一定的抗菌抗感染作用,如丹参、赤芍能抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生成。
三、本发明的疗效评定:
服用标准:服用时,病人上午服用A剂药的中药提取物颗粒,晚上服用B剂药的中药提取物颗粒。
参照中药新药治疗脑梗病临床研究指导原则中所采用的尼莫地平法:(治疗前积分一治疗后积分)/治疗前积分X100%,以百分数表示。完全缓解:85%;显效50%—85%;有效20% —50%;无效<20%。
结果:经过12周治疗,通过本发明治疗脑梗248临床观察,按照自神经功能缺损评分、日常生活活动能力、社会活动功能评分等治疗前及治疗后第29d分析,结果总有效率91.3%。分析并探讨中医药疗法在脑梗死中的疗效及优势;方法:将确诊之脑梗死患者248例,均分为对照组与治疗组各124例,两组均给予对症治疗,治疗组加用本发明中药方给予治疗,对照组加用奥扎格雷静滴治疗。结果:治疗组基本痊愈率与总有效率分别为32.35%、91.3%,对照组为14.71%、76.47%,治疗组与对照组在痊愈方面,经统计学比较▲P<0.01,具有明显性差异,在总效率方面*P<0.05,具有显著性差异,具有临床对比意义。结论:本发明在治疗脑梗死中,可发挥中药从根论治,疗效显著。
具体实施方式
实施例1:一种治疗脑梗死的开窍醒脑清障中药,其特征在于:由A剂药和B剂药组成,A剂药由下列各原料按重量克数制备而成:猪牙皂4g、细辛8g、薄荷3g、石菖蒲10g、川芎12g、水蛭6g、虻虫5g、大黄4g、穿山甲6g、王不留行8g、丹参10g、桃仁10g、川乌1g;
B剂药由下列各原料按重量g数制备而成:地龙2g、豨签草2g、蜈蚣2条、莪术12g、三棱9g、益母草10g、鸡血藤15g、络石藤10g、忍冬藤15g、钩藤15g、地鳖虫4g、桑葚15g、全蝎5g、槐角8g、独活7g、灵仙5g、当归10g、赤芍8g、淡豆鼓20g。
上述治疗脑梗死的开窍醒脑清障中药的制备方法,按照如下步骤进行:
步骤1)、按照重量g数称取猪牙皂4g、细辛8g、薄荷3g、石菖蒲10g、川芎12g、水蛭6g、虻虫5g、大黄4g、穿山甲6g、王不留行8g、丹参10g、桃仁10g、川乌1g组成A剂药放入到中药粉碎机中进行粉碎,采用100目进行筛选得到A剂药粉末混合物;按照重量g数称取地龙2g、豨签草2g、蜈蚣2条、莪术12g、三棱9g、益母草10g、鸡血藤15g、络石藤10g、忍冬藤15g、钩藤15g、地鳖虫4g、桑葚15g、全蝎5g、槐角8g、独活7g、灵仙5g、当归10g、赤芍8g、淡豆鼓20g组成B剂药放入到中药粉碎机中进行粉碎,采用100目进行筛选得到B剂药粉末混合物;
步骤2)、将A剂药和B剂药粉末混合物分别装进两个滤纸包装袋中,将两个滤纸包装袋分别放入两个砂锅内,每一个砂锅均采用第一煎加药物重量8倍量的水,浸泡20-40分钟,先用大火煮沸后,再用文火煎 25-35 分钟,取药液;第二煎加药物重量 6倍量的水,先用大火煮沸后,再用文火煎 20-30分钟,取药液;合并两次的药液得到A剂药水煎液和B剂药水煎液;
步骤3)、把A剂药水煎液和B剂药水煎液分别放入离心机以每分钟4000转的速度离心处理15分钟,离心后分别得到A剂药水煎液和B剂药水煎液的上清液,蒸发上清液除去水分,得药物浸膏,将所得药物浸膏经真空干燥得到A剂药和B剂药的中药提取物颗粒。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗脑梗死的开窍醒脑清障中药,其特征在于:由A剂药和B剂药组成,A剂药由下列各原料按重量份数制备而成:猪牙皂4份、细辛8份、薄荷3份、石菖蒲10份、川芎12份、水蛭6份、虻虫5份、大黄4份、穿山甲6份、王不留行8份、丹参10份、桃仁10份、川乌1份;
B剂药由下列各原料按重量份数制备而成:地龙2份、豨签草2份、蜈蚣2条、莪术12份、三棱9份、益母草10份、鸡血藤15份、络石藤10份、忍冬藤15份、钩藤15份、地鳖虫4份、桑葚15份、全蝎5份、槐角8份、独活7份、灵仙5份、当归10份、赤芍8份、淡豆鼓20份。
2.一种治疗脑梗死的开窍醒脑清障中药的制备方法,其特征在于:按照如下步骤进行:
步骤1)、按照重量份数称取猪牙皂4份、细辛8份、薄荷3份、石菖蒲10份、川芎12份、水蛭6份、虻虫5份、大黄4份、穿山甲6份、王不留行8份、丹参10份、桃仁10份、川乌1份组成A剂药放入到中药粉碎机中进行粉碎,采用100目进行筛选得到A剂药粉末混合物;按照重量份数称取地龙2份、豨签草2份、蜈蚣2条、莪术12份、三棱9份、益母草10份、鸡血藤15份、络石藤10份、忍冬藤15份、钩藤15份、地鳖虫4份、桑葚15份、全蝎5份、槐角8份、独活7份、灵仙5份、当归10份、赤芍8份、淡豆鼓20份组成B剂药放入到中药粉碎机中进行粉碎,采用100目进行筛选得到B剂药粉末混合物;
步骤2)、将A剂药和B剂药粉末混合物分别装进两个滤纸包装袋中,将两个滤纸包装袋分别放入两个砂锅内,每一个砂锅均采用第一煎加药物重量8倍量的水,浸泡20-40分钟,先用大火煮沸后,再用文火煎 25-35 分钟,取药液;第二煎加药物重量 6倍量的水,先用大火煮沸后,再用文火煎 20-30分钟,取药液;合并两次的药液得到A剂药水煎液和B剂药水煎液;
步骤3)、把A剂药水煎液和B剂药水煎液分别放入离心机以每分钟4000转的速度离心处理15分钟,离心后分别得到A剂药水煎液和B剂药水煎液的上清液,蒸发上清液除去水分,得药物浸膏,将所得药物浸膏经真空干燥得到A剂药和B剂药的中药提取物颗粒。
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