CN106120009B - A kind of preparation method of cement base translucent material light-transmitting fiber - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of cement base translucent material light-transmitting fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN106120009B CN106120009B CN201610484631.4A CN201610484631A CN106120009B CN 106120009 B CN106120009 B CN 106120009B CN 201610484631 A CN201610484631 A CN 201610484631A CN 106120009 B CN106120009 B CN 106120009B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/52—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or unsaturated esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B16/06—Macromolecular compounds fibrous
- C04B16/0616—Macromolecular compounds fibrous from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B16/065—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B31/00—Preparation of derivatives of starch
- C08B31/08—Ethers
- C08B31/12—Ethers having alkyl or cycloalkyl radicals substituted by heteroatoms, e.g. hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl starch
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/02—Preparation of spinning solutions
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/04—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers
- D01F11/06—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of cement base translucent material light-transmitting fiber, belong to light-transmitting fiber preparation technical field.The present invention mainly heats the material mixings such as modified starch mixed liquor and sorbitan mono-oleic acid ester, epoxychloropropane is added dropwise again, obtain modified starch microballoon, then it is added into the heating mixture of plexiglass and dimethylformamide, carries out ultrasonic disperse processing, obtain modified ageing liquid, passed through electrostatic spinning, collection obtains matrix light-transmitting fiber, finally carries out processing drying to matrix light-transmitting fiber, and a kind of cement base translucent material light-transmitting fiber can be obtained.With light-transmitting fiber, not only light transmission with higher, light transmittance reach 87% or more to cement base translucent material prepared by the present invention, while will not influence the related mechanical property of cement matrix, and intensity is enhanced and has durability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of cement base translucent material light-transmitting fiber, belong to light-transmitting fiber technology of preparing
Field.
Background technique
Cement base translucent material is a kind of completely new translucent material, in each sides such as material composition, light-transmitting principle, material properties
Face is entirely different.Its basic composition is a large amount of optical fiber with certain space permutation and combination method embedment cement-based material matrix
In, the cement-based material as matrix should be fine aggregate, the cement paste or concrete of upper flow regime.Light-transmitting principle is different from glass
The matrix light transmission of glass or pmma material, but rely on a large amount of optical fiber transmission ray between the side surface of building block.
Seldom about the research report of cement base translucent material at present, illustrate cement base light transmissive composite materials be it is a kind of very
New material, study at present it is seldom and immature, there is a problem that it is a large amount of, first, the raw material-of cement base translucent material
Light-transmitting fiber is at high cost, in addition light-transmitting fiber utilization rate is low in preparation process, increases the cost of cement base translucent material significantly;
Second, in cement base translucent material the incorporation of a large amount of light-transmitting fibers can intensity to cement matrix and compactness generate negative shadow
It rings, makes to prepare the more demanding of raw material and technique, and have certain limitations to the use scope of cement base translucent material;Third,
Poor adhesion between the outer organic coating of light-transmitting fiber and cement matrix, causes light-transmitting fiber to be easy to happen relative movement, light transmission
Fiber is easily protruded or is fallen off from cement matrix, influences the appearance and durability of cement base translucent material;4th, cement matrix exists
Bulk effect can be generated during hydration and hardening or under the influence of external environment, cement matrix and light-transmitting fiber is caused to crack
Or mark of break, to influence the durability of cement base translucent material, translucency and appearance;5th, fiber optic materials are usually quartz
Product is easy to be corroded in the cement matrix of high alkalinity, and the later period light transmission of cement base translucent material can be made to reduce.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention:For the light-transmitting fiber poor adhesion in existing cement base translucent material,
So that it is relatively moved, easily protrude or fall off from cement matrix, influences the appearance and durability of cement base translucent material
Problem, the present invention mainly heats the material mixings such as modified starch mixed liquor and sorbitan mono-oleic acid ester, then epoxy is added dropwise
Chloropropane, obtains modified starch microballoon, be then added into it is to plexiglass and dimethylformamide plus
In hot mixt, ultrasonic disperse processing is carried out, obtains modified ageing liquid, it is being passed through into electrostatic spinning, it is saturating that collection obtains matrix
Fiber optics finally carries out processing drying to matrix light-transmitting fiber, and a kind of cement base translucent material light-transmitting fiber can be obtained.This
The caking property of the light-transmitting fiber and cement matrix of inventing preparation is high, is not easy to protrude or fall off from cement matrix, and improve water
The intensity and durability of mud matrix.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
(1)In mass ratio 1:5, cornstarch and 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution are stirred and are placed in beaker,
25~30min of heating water bath at 45~50 DEG C, is prepared into modified starch mixed liquor, then according to parts by weight, weighs respectively
The modified starch mixed liquor of 25~30 parts of above-mentioned preparations, 3~5 parts of sorbitan mono-oleic acid esters, 2~3 parts of polyoxyethylene mountains
Pears alcohol monoleate, 10~15 parts of normal butanes and 35~40 parts of acetone are placed in three-necked flask, the heating water bath at 65~75 DEG C
10~15min;
(2)After the completion of heating water bath, to the epoxychloropropane that normal butane quality 10% is added dropwise in three-necked flask, control drop
It is 10~15min between added-time, after being added dropwise to complete, then 1~2h of heating water bath at 65~70 DEG C, after the completion of to be heated, stand
It cools down and filters, filter residue is dried into 6~8h at 65~80 DEG C, then mills and is prepared into modified starch microballoon;
(3)In mass ratio 1:5, plexiglass and dimethylformamide are stirred and are placed in beaker
In, after being stirred 10~15min at 50~60 DEG C, added in plexiglass quality 10% in beaker
The modified starch microballoon for stating preparation, ultrasonic disperse handles 10~15min at 200~300W, after the completion of ultrasonic disperse, in room
Still aging 10~12h under temperature is prepared into modified ageing liquid;
(4)The modified ageing liquid of above-mentioned preparation is placed in electrostatic spinning syringe, adjusting syringe angle is 45 °, control
It is 10~12cm that system, which receives distance, and in the case where relative humidity is 40%, voltage is 10kV, setting feeding speed is 0.08mL/min, with
Electrostatic spinning collects to obtain matrix light-transmitting fiber afterwards;
(5)The matrix light-transmitting fiber surface of above-mentioned preparation is eluted with deionized water, after eluting 3~4 times, is sealed at room temperature
Fermentation 5~7 days, then collects fermentable fiber, after washing fermentable fiber 3~5 times with dehydrated alcohol, places it at 65~80 DEG C
Dry 6~8h, can be prepared into a kind of cement base translucent material light-transmitting fiber.
Application method of the invention:Use diameter that one closing can is carried out hand by 3mm spacing for 1.5mm metal bit
Work punching, the one side that can is not punched are cut with scissors, form a can uniformly punched without top cover, two planes of symmetry, ruler
Very little is 100mm × 60mm × 80mm, and the cement base translucent material of above-mentioned preparation is cut into mono- section of 30~40cm with light-transmitting fiber, into
Eleven punch 11, every fibrous termination is without anchoring, and each reserved 50~60mm in both ends, after having worn, joints cement is starched, and maintenance 1~
After 3d, demoulding is carried out.Through detecting, after 28d, compression strength is higher than 53.5MPa or more, and flexural strength is 8.5MPa or more, light transmission
Rate reaches 87% or more.
The present invention is compared with other methods, and advantageous effects are:
(1)Cement base translucent material prepared by the present invention light-transmitting fiber not only light transmission with higher, light transmittance
Reach 87% or more, while the related mechanical property of cement matrix will not be influenced, intensity is enhanced and has durability;
(2)Cement base translucent material prepared by the present invention is simple with light-transmitting fiber preparation step, required at low cost.
Specific embodiment
First in mass ratio 1:5, cornstarch and 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution are stirred and are placed in beaker,
25~30min of heating water bath at 45~50 DEG C, is prepared into modified starch mixed liquor, then according to parts by weight, weighs respectively
The modified starch mixed liquor of 25~30 parts of above-mentioned preparations, 3~5 parts of sorbitan mono-oleic acid esters, 2~3 parts of polyoxyethylene mountains
Pears alcohol monoleate, 10~15 parts of normal butanes and 35~40 parts of acetone are placed in three-necked flask, the heating water bath at 65~75 DEG C
10~15min;After the completion of heating water bath, to the epoxychloropropane that normal butane quality 10% is added dropwise in three-necked flask, control is added dropwise
Time is 10~15min, after being added dropwise to complete, then 1~2h of heating water bath at 65~70 DEG C, after the completion of to be heated, stand cold
But it and filters, filter residue is dried into 6~8h at 65~80 DEG C, then mills and is prepared into modified starch microballoon;Again in mass ratio 1:
5, plexiglass and dimethylformamide are stirred and are placed in beaker, is stirred at 50~60 DEG C mixed
Close 10~15min after, in beaker add the above-mentioned preparation of plexiglass quality 10% modified starch microballoon,
Ultrasonic disperse handles 10~15min at 200~300W, after the completion of ultrasonic disperse, still aging 10~12h at room temperature,
It is prepared into modified ageing liquid;The modified ageing liquid of above-mentioned preparation is placed in electrostatic spinning syringe, adjusting syringe angle is
45 °, controlling and receiving distance is 10~12cm, and in the case where relative humidity is 40%, voltage is 10kV, setting feeding speed is 0.08mL/
Min, subsequent electrostatic spinning collect to obtain matrix light-transmitting fiber;The matrix light-transmitting fiber table of above-mentioned preparation is finally eluted with deionized water
Face after eluting 3~4 times, is sealed by fermentation 5~7 days at room temperature, then collects fermentable fiber, and it is fine to wash fermentation with dehydrated alcohol
After dimension 3~5 times, dry 6~8h at 65~80 DEG C is placed it in, it is fine that a kind of cement base translucent material light transmission can be prepared into
Dimension.
Example 1
First in mass ratio 1:5, cornstarch and 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution are stirred and are placed in beaker,
The heating water bath 30min at 50 DEG C, is prepared into modified starch mixed liquor, and then according to parts by weight, 30 parts of weighing is above-mentioned respectively
The modified starch mixed liquor of preparation, 5 parts of sorbitan mono-oleic acid esters, 3 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleates, 15 parts just
Butane and 40 parts of acetone are placed in three-necked flask, the heating water bath 15min at 75 DEG C;After the completion of heating water bath, three mouthfuls are burnt
The epoxychloropropane of normal butane quality 10% is added dropwise in bottle, control time for adding is 15min, after being added dropwise to complete, then at 70 DEG C
Heating water bath 2h, after the completion of to be heated, standing, which cools down, simultaneously to be filtered, and filter residue is dried 8h at 80 DEG C, then milling to be prepared into changes
Property spherex;Again in mass ratio 1:5, plexiglass and dimethylformamide are stirred and are placed in burning
In cup, after being stirred 15min at 60 DEG C, to the addition above-mentioned preparation of plexiglass quality 10% in beaker
Modified starch microballoon, at 300W ultrasonic disperse handle 15min, it is still aging at room temperature after the completion of ultrasonic disperse
12h is prepared into modified ageing liquid;The modified ageing liquid of above-mentioned preparation is placed in electrostatic spinning syringe, syringe angle is adjusted
Degree is 45 °, and controlling and receiving distance is 12cm, and in the case where relative humidity is 40%, voltage is 10kV, setting feeding speed is 0.08mL/
Min, subsequent electrostatic spinning collect to obtain matrix light-transmitting fiber;The matrix light-transmitting fiber table of above-mentioned preparation is finally eluted with deionized water
Face after eluting 4 times, is sealed by fermentation 7 days at room temperature, then collects fermentable fiber, washed fermentable fiber 5 times with dehydrated alcohol
Afterwards, dry 8h at 80 DEG C is placed it in, a kind of cement base translucent material light-transmitting fiber can be prepared into.
It uses diameter that one closing can is carried out manual punching by 3mm spacing for 1.5mm metal bit, can is not beaten
The one side in hole is cut with scissors, forms a can uniformly punched without top cover, two planes of symmetry, having a size of 100mm × 60mm ×
The cement base translucent material of above-mentioned preparation is cut into mono- section of 40cm with light-transmitting fiber, perforated, every fibrous termination is or not 80mm
It is anchored, each reserved 60mm in both ends, after having worn, joints cement slurry after conserving 3d, carries out demoulding.Through detecting, after 28d, resist
Compressive Strength is higher than 53.6MPa, flexural strength 8.6MPa, and light transmittance reaches 87.8%.
Example 2
First in mass ratio 1:5, cornstarch and 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution are stirred and are placed in beaker,
The heating water bath 25min at 45 DEG C, is prepared into modified starch mixed liquor, and then according to parts by weight, 25 parts of weighing is above-mentioned respectively
The modified starch mixed liquor of preparation, 3 parts of sorbitan mono-oleic acid esters, 2 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleates, 10 parts just
Butane and 35 parts of acetone are placed in three-necked flask, the heating water bath 10min at 65 DEG C;After the completion of heating water bath, in beaker
The epoxychloropropane of normal butane quality 10% is added dropwise, control time for adding is 10min, after being added dropwise to complete, then the water-bath at 65 DEG C
1h is heated, after the completion of to be heated, standing, which cools down, simultaneously to be filtered, and filter residue is dried 6h at 65 DEG C, then mills and is prepared into modified shallow lake
Powder microballoon;Again in mass ratio 1:5, plexiglass and dimethylformamide are stirred and are placed in beaker
In, after being stirred 10min at 50 DEG C, to the addition above-mentioned preparation of plexiglass quality 10% in beaker
Modified starch microballoon, ultrasonic disperse handles 10min at 200W, after the completion of ultrasonic disperse, still aging 10h at room temperature,
It is prepared into modified ageing liquid;The modified ageing liquid of above-mentioned preparation is placed in electrostatic spinning syringe, adjusting syringe angle is
45 °, controlling and receiving distance is 10cm, and in the case where relative humidity is 40%, voltage is 10kV, setting feeding speed is 0.08mL/min,
Subsequent electrostatic spinning collects to obtain matrix light-transmitting fiber;The matrix light-transmitting fiber surface of above-mentioned preparation is finally eluted with deionized water,
After elution 3 times, it is sealed by fermentation 5 days at room temperature, then collects fermentable fiber, it, will after washing fermentable fiber 3 times with dehydrated alcohol
It is placed at 65 DEG C dry 6h, can be prepared into a kind of cement base translucent material light-transmitting fiber.
It uses diameter that one closing can is carried out manual punching by 3mm spacing for 1.5mm metal bit, can is not beaten
The one side in hole is cut with scissors, forms a can uniformly punched without top cover, two planes of symmetry, having a size of 100mm × 60mm ×
The cement base translucent material of above-mentioned preparation is cut into mono- section of 30cm with light-transmitting fiber, perforated, every fibrous termination is or not 80mm
It is anchored, each reserved 55mm in both ends, after having worn, joints cement slurry after conserving 2d, carries out demoulding.Through detecting, after 28d, resist
Compressive Strength is higher than 53.9MPa, flexural strength 8.7MPa, and light transmittance reaches 88%.
Example 3
First in mass ratio 1:5, cornstarch and 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution are stirred and are placed in beaker,
The heating water bath 27min at 47 DEG C, is prepared into modified starch mixed liquor, and then according to parts by weight, 27 parts of weighing is above-mentioned respectively
The modified starch mixed liquor of preparation, 4 parts of sorbitan mono-oleic acid esters, 3 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleates, 12 parts just
Butane and 37 parts of acetone are placed in three-necked flask, the heating water bath 12min at 70 DEG C;After the completion of heating water bath, three mouthfuls are burnt
The epoxychloropropane of normal butane quality 10% is added dropwise in bottle, control time for adding is 12min, after being added dropwise to complete, then at 67 DEG C
Heating water bath 2h, after the completion of to be heated, standing, which cools down, simultaneously to be filtered, and filter residue is dried 7h at 70 DEG C, then milling to be prepared into changes
Property spherex;Again in mass ratio 1:5, plexiglass and dimethylformamide are stirred and are placed in burning
In cup, after being stirred 12min at 55 DEG C, to the addition above-mentioned preparation of plexiglass quality 10% in beaker
Modified starch microballoon, at 250W ultrasonic disperse handle 12min, it is still aging at room temperature after the completion of ultrasonic disperse
11h is prepared into modified ageing liquid;The modified ageing liquid of above-mentioned preparation is placed in electrostatic spinning syringe, syringe angle is adjusted
Degree is 45 °, and controlling and receiving distance is 11cm, and in the case where relative humidity is 40%, voltage is 10kV, setting feeding speed is 0.08mL/
Min, subsequent electrostatic spinning collect to obtain matrix light-transmitting fiber;The matrix light-transmitting fiber table of above-mentioned preparation is finally eluted with deionized water
Face after eluting 3 times, is sealed by fermentation 6 days at room temperature, then collects fermentable fiber, washed fermentable fiber 4 times with dehydrated alcohol
Afterwards, dry 7h at 70 DEG C is placed it in, a kind of cement base translucent material light-transmitting fiber can be prepared into.
It uses diameter that one closing can is carried out manual punching by 3mm spacing for 1.5mm metal bit, can is not beaten
The one side in hole is cut with scissors, forms a can uniformly punched without top cover, two planes of symmetry, having a size of 100mm × 60mm ×
The cement base translucent material of above-mentioned preparation is cut into mono- section of 35cm with light-transmitting fiber, perforated, every fibrous termination is or not 80mm
It is anchored, each reserved 55mm in both ends, after having worn, joints cement slurry after conserving 3d, carries out demoulding.Through detecting, after 28d, resist
Compressive Strength is higher than 53.8MPa, flexural strength 8.7MPa, and light transmittance reaches 89%.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of preparation method of cement base translucent material light-transmitting fiber, it is characterised in that specifically preparation step is:
(1)In mass ratio 1:5, cornstarch and 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution are stirred and are placed in beaker, 45
25~30min of heating water bath at~50 DEG C, is prepared into modified starch mixed liquor, then according to parts by weight, respectively weigh 25~
The modified starch mixed liquor of 30 parts of above-mentioned preparations, 3~5 parts of sorbitan mono-oleic acid esters, 2~3 parts of polyethenoxy sorbitans
Monoleate, 10~15 parts of normal butanes and 35~40 parts of acetone are placed in three-necked flask, at 65~75 DEG C heating water bath 10~
15min;
(2)After the completion of heating water bath, to the epoxychloropropane that normal butane quality 10% is added dropwise in three-necked flask, when control is added dropwise
Between be 10~15min, after being added dropwise to complete, then 1~2h of heating water bath at 65~70 DEG C, after the completion of to be heated, stand cooling
And filter, filter residue is dried into 6~8h at 65~80 DEG C, then mills and is prepared into modified starch microballoon;
(3)In mass ratio 1:5, plexiglass and dimethylformamide are stirred and are placed in beaker,
After being stirred 10~15min at 50~60 DEG C, to the addition above-mentioned system of plexiglass quality 10% in beaker
Standby modified starch microballoon, ultrasonic disperse handles 10~15min at 200~300W, after the completion of ultrasonic disperse, at room temperature
Still aging 10~12h is prepared into modified ageing liquid;
(4)The modified ageing liquid of above-mentioned preparation is placed in electrostatic spinning syringe, adjusting syringe angle is 45 °, and control connects
Receiving distance is 10~12cm, and in the case where relative humidity is 40%, voltage is 10kV, setting feeding speed is 0.08mL/min, then quiet
Electrospun collects to obtain matrix light-transmitting fiber;
(5)The matrix light-transmitting fiber surface of above-mentioned preparation is eluted with deionized water, after eluting 3~4 times, is sealed by fermentation at room temperature
5~7 days, fermentable fiber is then collected, after washing fermentable fiber 3~5 times with dehydrated alcohol, is placed it in dry at 65~80 DEG C
6~8h can be prepared into a kind of cement base translucent material light-transmitting fiber.
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