CN106112702A - A kind of processing unit (plant) of flywheel casing for diesel engine - Google Patents
A kind of processing unit (plant) of flywheel casing for diesel engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN106112702A CN106112702A CN201610550182.9A CN201610550182A CN106112702A CN 106112702 A CN106112702 A CN 106112702A CN 201610550182 A CN201610550182 A CN 201610550182A CN 106112702 A CN106112702 A CN 106112702A
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- transducer
- cover board
- metal cover
- piezoelectric ceramics
- horn
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
- B23Q2039/002—Machines with twin spindles
Abstract
The invention discloses the processing unit (plant) of a kind of flywheel casing for diesel engine, mainly include frame, mounting seat, left cutter head and right cutter head, described mounting seat is positioned in frame and is connected with lateral adjustments unit and the longitudinal adjustment mechanism of frame, described left cutter head and right cutter head are positioned at the top of mounting seat, left cutter head is arranged on the sidewall of frame, it is additionally provided with in frame and orders about right cutter head and do the reciprocating lateral adjustment device of horizontal direction, lateral adjustment device includes screw mandrel, the screw matched with screw mandrel, guide rod and traversing driving motor, the tail end of screw is fixed with support seat, right cutter head is arranged on support seat, guide rod is supported by two support ears being welded on machine frame inside, described support seat and screw mandrel and guide rod matched in clearance.The two ends of bell housing can be processed by the present invention simultaneously simultaneously, save the secondary clamping time, and split run output increased one times greatly improves production efficiency, reduces the production cost of enterprise.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical field, particularly relate to the processing unit (plant) of a kind of flywheel casing for diesel engine.
Background technology
In correlation technique, bell housing is one of parts of diesel engine, and flywheel shell of diesel engine is installed on diesel engine flywheel
Outside, for cover cap flywheel, plays safety protection function.Traditional flywheel shell of diesel engine includes bell housing body, bell housing body
On be provided with flywheel chamber and body joint face, be connected with diesel-engine body by body joint face, by flywheel chamber cover cap flywheel,
Simple in construction, function singleness.But, use traditional processing unit (plant) to produce bell housing and process flywheel chamber bearing mounting hole and determine
After the pin-and-hole of position, the most again with dowel hole for machining benchmark finish turning flywheel seam, cumulative error is big, flywheel seam and flywheel chamber axle
The axiality holding installing hole is difficult to reach the requirement of φ 0.05, and installation accuracy is poor.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide the processing unit (plant) of a kind of flywheel casing for diesel engine, solve
Traditional processing unit (plant) is used to produce the technical problem of bell housing installation accuracy difference.
For solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention be a kind of flywheel casing for diesel engine add frock
Put, including framework, rotary transformer, transducer, horn and tool heads.Both sides above described transducer arrange rotation transformation
Device, described horn includes upper part, variable cross-section part and end portion, and described upper part is directly connected to the end of transducer
Face, described end portion is directly connected to tool heads, and the shape of described variable cross-section calculates according to following equation: Wherein, P (x) is the cross-sectional area function of horn, and k is circular wavenumber, D (x)
For profile radius function, D0For the radius of upper part, P0For the cross-sectional area of upper part Yu variable cross-section portion connection,
P1For the cross-sectional area of end portion Yu variable cross-section portion connection, the length of end portion calculates according to following equation:
Described transducer includes front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and the piezoelectric ceramics annulus of thickness direction polarization, even
Several described piezoelectric ceramics annulus coaxial connection forms piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap, adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics circle in piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap
Circumpolarization is in opposite direction.Obtained the geometry of transducer by following equation after setting the resonant frequency of transducer according to actual needs
Size:
(1) equivalent circuit diagram of described transducer is as it is shown on figure 3, whole circuit is divided into three parts by dotted line, respectively
For front shroud equivalent circuit, back shroud equivalent circuit and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap equivalent circuit, wherein, ZbLAnd ZfLIt is transducing respectively
After device, the load impedance at front two ends, set according to actual needs；
(2) Vibration Frequency Equations of described transducer is
Front metal cover board input mechanical impedance isRear metal cover board input mechanical impedance isThe mechanical impedance of transducer is
Wherein,Zf=ρ2c2S2,
k2=ω/c2, c2It is the velocity of sound in front metal cover board, ρ2、E2、σ2It is the density of front metal cover board, Young's modulus and Poisson respectively
Coefficient, l2And S2It is thickness and the area of cross section of front metal cover board；
(3) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, if
Ignoring mechanical loss and dielectric loss, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=0；If consideration mechanical loss, input resistance
When resisting for minimum, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|min, it is calculated by the Vibration Frequency Equations of transducer
The concrete size of transducer；
(4) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, when
Input resistance resist for invalid big time, ignore loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=∞；When input resistance resists it is
Invalid big time, it is considered to loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|max, by the frequency of vibration side of transducer
Journey is calculated the concrete size of transducer；
Described transducer also include shell, the upper end cover being located at upper surface of outer cover, be located at shell lower surface bottom end cover and
Mounting flange, described shell fixes described piezoelectric ceramics annulus, front metal cover board and rear metal cover board, and described upper end cover includes solid
Fixed column, described fixing post is located at the cental axial position of upper end cover and extends upwardly in rotary transformer, and downwardly extending supreme
The lower section of end cap, described horn extend upwardly to be provided with between the inside of transducer, and horn and fixing post connector, on
Spring and lower spring, the upper end of described upper spring connects the lower end of fixing post, and the lower end of described upper spring connects connector, described
The upper end of lower spring connects connector, and the lower end of described lower spring connects horn.
As preferably, being additionally provided with metal electrode between adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics annulus, the thickness of metal electrode is 0.02-
0.2mm。
As preferably, after setting the resonant frequency of transducer according to actual needs, obtain the several of transducer by following equation
What size: first the frequency equation of transducer is derived by (1): section A B is displacement nodal section, and displacement nodal section AB is by transducer
It is divided into two quarter-wave oscillators, i.e. Lf+l2And Lb+l1It is 1/4th of vibration wavelength, each 1/4th
The oscillator of wavelength is all made up of piezoelectric ceramic wafer and metal cover board, the piezoelectricity pottery in face of displacement node and between front metal cover board
Porcelain enters the length of team and is designated as Lf, the length of the piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap after displacement nodal section and between rear metal cover board is designated as LbIf, piezoelectricity
The brilliant heap of pottery is made up of the piezoelectric ceramics annulus that P thickness is l, then have Lf+Lb=Pl and l are much smaller than the wavelength of thickness vibration.Position
The resonance equations moving the quarter-wave oscillator before node isAfter displacement node
The resonance equations of quarter-wave oscillator is tan (keLb)tan(k1l1)=Zo/Zf, wherein, Z0It it is single piezoelectric ceramics annulus
Characteristic impedance, l1And l2It is rear, the thickness of front metal cover board respectively；(2) set resonant frequency according to actual needs, and pass through
The resonance frequency equation obtained obtains the concrete size of transducer.
As preferably, the cental axial position of described mounting flange leaves perforate, and the inner side of described perforate is along its circumferencial direction
It is provided with the elastic rubber ring surrounding horn variable cross-section part.And the upper surface of described mounting flange is interval with multiple scalable
Structure, and connect described bottom end cover by Collapsible structure.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: utilize form factorRelatively described horn can reach peak swing, shape because of
NumberExpression formula is as follows:
Wherein,ρ C is the material mechanical impedance of only relevant with material horn.
Can obtain A value by ANSYS harmonic responding analysis, be computed, the A value of described horn is 0.371 × 10-12m/
Pa, the design natural frequency horn,stepped identical with described horn with area factor, be calculated A value be 0.090 ×
10-12m/Pa。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Utilize accompanying drawing that invention is described further, but the embodiment in accompanying drawing do not constitute any limitation of the invention,
For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain it according to the following drawings
Its accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the equivalent circuit diagram of transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the piezoelectric ceramics circular ring structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Reference: 1, framework, 2, rotary transformer, 3, transducer, 4, horn, 5, tool heads.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with the following Examples.
Embodiment one
Assembly of the invention, as it is shown in figure 1, include framework, rotary transformer, transducer, horn and tool heads.Described
Both sides above transducer arrange rotary transformer.
Compared to the horn of exponential shape, cone shape, catenary shape etc., horn,stepped amplification coefficient is maximum,
But stress distribution is concentrated, and is easily broken off, and job security is poor.Described horn uses notch cuttype, including upper part, becomes and cuts
Face part and end portion, described upper part is directly connected to the bottom surface of transducer, and described end portion is directly connected to tool heads.Institute
The shape stating variable cross-section calculates according to following equation:
Wherein, P (x) is the cross-sectional area function of horn, and k is circular wavenumber, and D (x) is profile radius function, D0For upper part
Radius, P0For the cross-sectional area of upper part Yu variable cross-section portion connection, P1 is that end portion is connected with variable cross-section part
The cross-sectional area at place.
The length of end portion calculates according to following equation:
Increasing variable cross-section part in horn can be conducive to the stress that will act on nodal section dispersed, reduces luffing
The probability of bar fracture.
Described transducer includes front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and the piezoelectric ceramics annulus of thickness direction polarization.Even
Several described piezoelectric ceramics annulus coaxial connection forms piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap, adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics circle in piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap
Circumpolarization is in opposite direction, and even number piezoelectric ceramics annulus connects can make front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and same polarity
Electrode connects, and can be connected with the earth terminal of circuit, it is to avoid between front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap simultaneously
The setting of insulating washer.Being additionally provided with metal electrode between adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics annulus, the thickness of metal electrode is 0.02-
0.2mm。
Set the resonant frequency of transducer according to actual needs, obtained the physical dimension of transducer by following equation:
(1) equivalent circuit diagram of described transducer is as it is shown on figure 3, whole circuit is divided into three parts by dotted line, respectively
For front shroud equivalent circuit, back shroud equivalent circuit and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap equivalent circuit, wherein, ZbLAnd ZfLIt is transducing respectively
After device, the load impedance at front two ends, set according to actual needs；
(2) Vibration Frequency Equations of described transducer is
Front metal cover board input mechanical impedance isRear metal cover board input mechanical impedance isThe mechanical impedance of transducer is
Wherein,Zf=ρ2c2S2,
k2=ω/c2, c2It is the velocity of sound in front metal cover board, ρ2、E2、σ2It is the density of front metal cover board, Young's modulus and Poisson respectively
Coefficient, l2And S2It is thickness and the area of cross section of front metal cover board；
(3) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, if
Ignoring mechanical loss and dielectric loss, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=0；If consideration mechanical loss, input resistance
When resisting for minimum, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|min, it is calculated by the Vibration Frequency Equations of transducer
The concrete size of transducer；
(4) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, when
Input resistance resist for invalid big time, ignore loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=∞；When input resistance resists it is
Invalid big time, it is considered to loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|max, by the frequency of vibration side of transducer
Journey is calculated the concrete size of transducer.
In the present embodiment, as it is shown on figure 3, obtained the size of transducer by following method: (1) is first to transducer
Frequency equation is derived: section A B is displacement nodal section, and transducer is divided into two and quarter-wave shakes by displacement nodal section AB
Son, i.e. Lf+l2And Lb+l1Being 1/4th of vibration wavelength, each quarter-wave oscillator is by piezoelectric ceramics
Wafer and metal cover board composition, the piezoelectric ceramics in face of displacement node and between front metal cover board enters the length of team and is designated as Lf, displacement
The length of the piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap after nodal section and between rear metal cover board is designated as LbIf piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap is l's by P thickness
Piezoelectric ceramics annulus forms, then have Lf+Lb=Pl and l are much smaller than the wavelength of thickness vibration.Quarter-wave before displacement node
The resonance equations of oscillator is tan (keLf)tan(k2l2)=Zo/Zf, the resonance side of the quarter-wave oscillator after displacement node
Journey is tan (keLb)tan(k1l1)=Zo/Zf, wherein, Z0It is the characteristic impedance of single piezoelectric ceramics annulus, l1And l2It is respectively
Afterwards, the thickness of front metal cover board；(2) set resonant frequency according to actual needs, and obtained by the resonance frequency equation obtained
The concrete size of transducer.
In correlation technique, horn is as connecting transducer and the intermediate member of tool heads, and general employing is threaded, but
It is due to the threaded gap that exists, vibration transmitting procedure has energy loss, and dither easily causes screw thread fatigue failure.
Described transducer also include shell, the upper end cover being located at upper surface of outer cover, be located at shell lower surface bottom end cover and
Mounting flange, described shell fixes described piezoelectric ceramics annulus, front metal cover board and rear metal cover board, and described upper end cover includes solid
Fixed column, described fixing post is located at the cental axial position of upper end cover and extends upwardly in rotary transformer, and downwardly extending supreme
The lower section of end cap, it is achieved rotary transformer and the connection of transducer.Described horn extends upwardly to the inside of transducer, and becomes
Being provided with connector, upper spring and lower spring between width bar and fixing post, the upper end of described upper spring connects the lower end of fixing post, institute
The lower end stating spring connects connector, and the upper end of described lower spring connects connector, and the lower end of described lower spring connects luffing
Bar.Described connector can be iron block etc..The one of horn and transducer is realized by upper spring, connector and lower spring
Change, it is to avoid use and easily cause the threaded of fatigue loss, during work, the supersonic vibration propagated to fixing post by upper spring,
Lower spring is absorbed, and slowing down vibration energy is transmitted to fixing post, it is to avoid fixing connection between post and rotary transformer is vibrated
Loss, transmits vibrational energy to horn substantially.
The cental axial position of described mounting flange leaves perforate, and the inner side of described perforate is provided with encirclement along its circumferencial direction and becomes
The elastic rubber ring of width bar variable cross-section part.And the upper surface of described mounting flange is interval with multiple Collapsible structure, and lead to
Cross Collapsible structure and connect described bottom end cover.When regulating different frequencies, described mounting flange can be made by Collapsible structure
Transducer relatively moves up and down, thus reduces the biography of horn frequency of vibration while protecting to greatest extent and fixing horn
Pass, improve the utilization rate of vibrational energy.
In the present embodiment, the front metal cover board of described transducer and the thickness of rear metal cover board are 17mm, and piezoelectricity is made pottery
The thickness of porcelain crystalline substance heap is 12mm, and the diameter of front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap is 35mm.
In the present embodiment, described horn is made up of titanium alloy material, and its supersonic frequency is 30KHz.
In the present embodiment, the end face diameter of the upper part of described horn is 30mm, its a length of 12mm, bottom
The end face diameter divided is 15mm, its a length of 36mm.Described horn is integrated with tool heads, the end plating of described tool heads
Or sintercorundum abrasive material.
Utilize form factorRelatively described horn can reach peak swing, form factorExpression formula is as follows:
Wherein,ρ C is the material mechanical impedance of only relevant with material horn.
Can obtain A value by ANSYS harmonic responding analysis, be computed, the A value of described horn is 0.371 × 10-12m/
Pa, the design natural frequency horn,stepped identical with described horn with area factor, be calculated A value be 0.090 ×
10-12m/Pa。
Embodiment two
Assembly of the invention, as it is shown in figure 1, include framework, rotary transformer, transducer, horn and tool heads.Described
Both sides above transducer arrange rotary transformer.
Compared to the horn of exponential shape, cone shape, catenary shape etc., horn,stepped amplification coefficient is maximum,
But stress distribution is concentrated, and is easily broken off, and job security is poor.Described horn uses notch cuttype, including upper part, becomes and cuts
Face part and end portion, described upper part is directly connected to the bottom surface of transducer, and described end portion is directly connected to tool heads.Institute
The shape stating variable cross-section calculates according to following equation:
Wherein, P (x) is the cross-sectional area function of horn, and k is circular wavenumber, and D (x) is profile radius function, D0For upper part
Radius, P0For the cross-sectional area of upper part Yu variable cross-section portion connection, P1For end portion and variable cross-section portion connection
Cross-sectional area.
The length of end portion calculates according to following equation:
Increasing variable cross-section part in horn can be conducive to the stress that will act on nodal section dispersed, reduces luffing
The probability of bar fracture.
Described transducer includes front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and the piezoelectric ceramics annulus of thickness direction polarization.Even
Several described piezoelectric ceramics annulus coaxial connection forms piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap, adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics circle in piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap
Circumpolarization is in opposite direction, and even number piezoelectric ceramics annulus connects can make front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and same polarity
Electrode connects, and can be connected with the earth terminal of circuit, it is to avoid between front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap simultaneously
The setting of insulating washer.Being additionally provided with metal electrode between adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics annulus, the thickness of metal electrode is 0.02-
0.2mm。
Set the resonant frequency of transducer according to actual needs, obtained the physical dimension of transducer by following equation:
(1) equivalent circuit diagram of described transducer is as in figure 2 it is shown, whole circuit is divided into three parts by dotted line, respectively
For front shroud equivalent circuit, back shroud equivalent circuit and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap equivalent circuit, wherein, ZbLAnd ZfLIt is transducing respectively
After device, the load impedance at front two ends, set according to actual needs；
(2) Vibration Frequency Equations of described transducer is
Front metal cover board input mechanical impedance isRear metal cover board input mechanical impedance isThe mechanical impedance of transducer is
Wherein,Zf=ρ2c2S2,
k2=ω/c2, c2It is the velocity of sound in front metal cover board, ρ2、E2、σ2It is the density of front metal cover board, Young's modulus and Poisson respectively
Coefficient, l2And S2It is thickness and the area of cross section of front metal cover board；
(3) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, if
Ignoring mechanical loss and dielectric loss, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=0；If consideration mechanical loss, input resistance
When resisting for minimum, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|min, it is calculated by the Vibration Frequency Equations of transducer
The concrete size of transducer；
(4) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, when
Input resistance resist for invalid big time, ignore loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=∞；When input resistance resists it is
Invalid big time, it is considered to loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|max, by the frequency of vibration side of transducer
Journey is calculated the concrete size of transducer.
In the present embodiment, as it is shown on figure 3, obtained the size of transducer by following method: (1) is first to transducer
Frequency equation is derived: section A B is displacement nodal section, and transducer is divided into two and quarter-wave shakes by displacement nodal section AB
Son, i.e. Lf+l2And Lb+l1Being 1/4th of vibration wavelength, each quarter-wave oscillator is by piezoelectric ceramics
Wafer and metal cover board composition, the piezoelectric ceramics in face of displacement node and between front metal cover board enters the length of team and is designated as Lf, displacement
The length of the piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap after nodal section and between rear metal cover board is designated as LbIf piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap is l's by P thickness
Piezoelectric ceramics annulus forms, then have Lf+Lb=Pl and l are much smaller than the wavelength of thickness vibration.Quarter-wave before displacement node
The resonance equations of oscillator isThe resonance side of the quarter-wave oscillator after displacement node
Journey is tan (keLb)tan(k1l1)=Zo/Zf, wherein, Z0It is the characteristic impedance of single piezoelectric ceramics annulus, l1And l2It is respectively
Afterwards, the thickness of front metal cover board；(2) set resonant frequency according to actual needs, and obtained by the resonance frequency equation obtained
The concrete size of transducer.
In correlation technique, horn is as connecting transducer and the intermediate member of tool heads, and general employing is threaded, but
It is due to the threaded gap that exists, vibration transmitting procedure has energy loss, and dither easily causes screw thread fatigue failure.
Described transducer also include shell, the upper end cover being located at upper surface of outer cover, be located at shell lower surface bottom end cover and
Mounting flange, described shell fixes described piezoelectric ceramics annulus, front metal cover board and rear metal cover board, and described upper end cover includes solid
Fixed column, described fixing post is located at the cental axial position of upper end cover and extends upwardly in rotary transformer, and downwardly extending supreme
The lower section of end cap, it is achieved rotary transformer and the connection of transducer.Described horn extends upwardly to the inside of transducer, and becomes
Being provided with connector, upper spring and lower spring between width bar and fixing post, the upper end of described upper spring connects the lower end of fixing post, institute
The lower end stating spring connects connector, and the upper end of described lower spring connects connector, and the lower end of described lower spring connects luffing
Bar.Described connector can be iron block etc..The one of horn and transducer is realized by upper spring, connector and lower spring
Change, it is to avoid use and easily cause the threaded of fatigue loss, during work, the supersonic vibration propagated to fixing post by upper spring,
Lower spring is absorbed, and slowing down vibration energy is transmitted to fixing post, it is to avoid fixing connection between post and rotary transformer is vibrated
Loss, transmits vibrational energy to horn substantially.
The cental axial position of described mounting flange leaves perforate, and the inner side of described perforate is provided with encirclement along its circumferencial direction and becomes
The elastic rubber ring of width bar variable cross-section part.And the upper surface of described mounting flange is interval with multiple Collapsible structure, and lead to
Cross Collapsible structure and connect described bottom end cover.When regulating different frequencies, described mounting flange can be made by Collapsible structure
Transducer relatively moves up and down, thus reduces the biography of horn frequency of vibration while protecting to greatest extent and fixing horn
Pass, improve the utilization rate of vibrational energy.
In the present embodiment, the front metal cover board of described transducer and the thickness of rear metal cover board are 18mm, and piezoelectricity is made pottery
The thickness of porcelain crystalline substance heap is 13mm, and the diameter of front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap is 36mm.
In the present embodiment, described horn is made up of titanium alloy material, and its supersonic frequency is 30KHz.
In the present embodiment, the end face diameter of the upper part of described horn is 32mm, its a length of 12mm, bottom
The end face diameter divided is 16mm, its a length of 37mm.Described horn is integrated with tool heads, the end plating of described tool heads
Or sintercorundum abrasive material.
Utilize form factorRelatively described horn can reach peak swing, form factorExpression formula is as follows:
Wherein,ρ C is the material mechanical impedance of only relevant with material horn.
Can obtain A value by ANSYS harmonic responding analysis, be computed, the A value of described horn is 0.389 × 10-12m/
Pa, the horn,stepped that design natural frequency is identical with described horn with area factor, it is calculated A value for 0.090=
10-12m/Pa。
Embodiment three
Assembly of the invention, as it is shown in figure 1, include framework, rotary transformer, transducer, horn and tool heads.Described
Both sides above transducer arrange rotary transformer.
Compared to the horn of exponential shape, cone shape, catenary shape etc., horn,stepped amplification coefficient is maximum,
But stress distribution is concentrated, and is easily broken off, and job security is poor.Described horn uses notch cuttype, including upper part, becomes and cuts
Face part and end portion, described upper part is directly connected to the bottom surface of transducer, and described end portion is directly connected to tool heads.Institute
The shape stating variable cross-section calculates according to following equation:
Wherein, P (x) is the cross-sectional area function of horn, and k is circular wavenumber, and D (x) is profile radius function, D0For upper part
Radius, P0For the cross-sectional area of upper part Yu variable cross-section portion connection, P1For end portion and variable cross-section portion connection
Cross-sectional area.
The length of end portion calculates according to following equation:
Increasing variable cross-section part in horn can be conducive to the stress that will act on nodal section dispersed, reduces luffing
The probability of bar fracture.
Described transducer includes front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and the piezoelectric ceramics annulus of thickness direction polarization.Even
Several described piezoelectric ceramics annulus coaxial connection forms piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap, adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics circle in piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap
Circumpolarization is in opposite direction, and even number piezoelectric ceramics annulus connects can make front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and same polarity
Electrode connects, and can be connected with the earth terminal of circuit, it is to avoid between front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap simultaneously
The setting of insulating washer.Being additionally provided with metal electrode between adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics annulus, the thickness of metal electrode is 0.02-
0.2mm。
Set the resonant frequency of transducer according to actual needs, obtained the physical dimension of transducer by following equation:
(1) equivalent circuit diagram of described transducer is as it is shown on figure 3, whole circuit is divided into three parts by dotted line, respectively
For front shroud equivalent circuit, back shroud equivalent circuit and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap equivalent circuit, wherein, ZbLAnd ZfLIt is transducing respectively
After device, the load impedance at front two ends, set according to actual needs；
(2) Vibration Frequency Equations of described transducer is
Front metal cover board input mechanical impedance isRear metal cover board input mechanical impedance isThe mechanical impedance of transducer is
Wherein,Zf=ρ2c2S2,
k2=ω/c2, c2It is the velocity of sound in front metal cover board, ρ2、E2、σ2It is the density of front metal cover board, Young's modulus and Poisson respectively
Coefficient, l2And S2It is thickness and the area of cross section of front metal cover board；
(3) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, if
Ignoring mechanical loss and dielectric loss, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=0；If consideration mechanical loss, input resistance
When resisting for minimum, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|min, it is calculated by the Vibration Frequency Equations of transducer
The concrete size of transducer；
(4) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, when
Input resistance resist for invalid big time, ignore loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=∞；When input resistance resists it is
Invalid big time, it is considered to loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|max, by the frequency of vibration side of transducer
Journey is calculated the concrete size of transducer.
In the present embodiment, as it is shown on figure 3, obtained the size of transducer by following method: (1) is first to transducer
Frequency equation is derived: section A B is displacement nodal section, and transducer is divided into two and quarter-wave shakes by displacement nodal section AB
Son, i.e. Lf+l2And Lb+l1Being 1/4th of vibration wavelength, each quarter-wave oscillator is by piezoelectric ceramics
Wafer and metal cover board composition, the piezoelectric ceramics in face of displacement node and between front metal cover board enters the length of team and is designated as Lf, displacement
The length of the piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap after nodal section and between rear metal cover board is designated as LbIf piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap is l's by P thickness
Piezoelectric ceramics annulus forms, then have Lf+Lb=Pl and l are much smaller than the wavelength of thickness vibration.Quarter-wave before displacement node
The resonance equations of oscillator isThe resonance of the quarter-wave oscillator after displacement node
Equation is tan (keLb)tan(k1l1)=Zo/Zf, wherein, Z0It is the characteristic impedance of single piezoelectric ceramics annulus, l1And l2It is respectively
Afterwards, the thickness of front metal cover board；(2) set resonant frequency according to actual needs, and obtained by the resonance frequency equation obtained
The concrete size of transducer.
In correlation technique, horn is as connecting transducer and the intermediate member of tool heads, and general employing is threaded, but
It is due to the threaded gap that exists, vibration transmitting procedure has energy loss, and dither easily causes screw thread fatigue failure.
Described transducer also include shell, the upper end cover being located at upper surface of outer cover, be located at shell lower surface bottom end cover and
Mounting flange, described shell fixes described piezoelectric ceramics annulus, front metal cover board and rear metal cover board, and described upper end cover includes solid
Fixed column, described fixing post is located at the cental axial position of upper end cover and extends upwardly in rotary transformer, and downwardly extending supreme
The lower section of end cap, it is achieved rotary transformer and the connection of transducer.Described horn extends upwardly to the inside of transducer, and becomes
Being provided with connector, upper spring and lower spring between width bar and fixing post, the upper end of described upper spring connects the lower end of fixing post, institute
The lower end stating spring connects connector, and the upper end of described lower spring connects connector, and the lower end of described lower spring connects luffing
Bar.Described connector can be iron block etc..The one of horn and transducer is realized by upper spring, connector and lower spring
Change, it is to avoid use and easily cause the threaded of fatigue loss, during work, the supersonic vibration propagated to fixing post by upper spring,
Lower spring is absorbed, and slowing down vibration energy is transmitted to fixing post, it is to avoid fixing connection between post and rotary transformer is vibrated
Loss, transmits vibrational energy to horn substantially.
The cental axial position of described mounting flange leaves perforate, and the inner side of described perforate is provided with encirclement along its circumferencial direction and becomes
The elastic rubber ring of width bar variable cross-section part.And the upper surface of described mounting flange is interval with multiple Collapsible structure, and lead to
Cross Collapsible structure and connect described bottom end cover.When regulating different frequencies, described mounting flange can be made by Collapsible structure
Transducer relatively moves up and down, thus reduces the biography of horn frequency of vibration while protecting to greatest extent and fixing horn
Pass, improve the utilization rate of vibrational energy.
In the present embodiment, the front metal cover board of described transducer and the thickness of rear metal cover board are 16mm, and piezoelectricity is made pottery
The thickness of porcelain crystalline substance heap is 11mm, and the diameter of front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap is 32mm.
In the present embodiment, described horn is made up of titanium alloy material, and its supersonic frequency is 30KHz.
In the present embodiment, the end face diameter of the upper part of described horn is 28mm, its a length of 10mm, bottom
The end face diameter divided is 13mm, its a length of 32mm.Described horn is integrated with tool heads, the end plating of described tool heads
Or sintercorundum abrasive material.
Utilize form factorRelatively described horn can reach peak swing, form factorExpression formula is as follows:
Wherein,ρ C is the material mechanical impedance of only relevant with material horn.
Can obtain A value by ANSYS harmonic responding analysis, be computed, the A value of described horn is 0.365 × 10-12m/
Pa, the design natural frequency horn,stepped identical with described horn with area factor, be calculated A value be 0.090 ×
10-12m/Pa。
Embodiment four
Assembly of the invention, as it is shown in figure 1, include framework, rotary transformer, transducer, horn and tool heads.Described
Both sides above transducer arrange rotary transformer.
Compared to the horn of exponential shape, cone shape, catenary shape etc., horn,stepped amplification coefficient is maximum,
But stress distribution is concentrated, and is easily broken off, and job security is poor.Described horn uses notch cuttype, including upper part, becomes and cuts
Face part and end portion, described upper part is directly connected to the bottom surface of transducer, and described end portion is directly connected to tool heads.Institute
The shape stating variable cross-section calculates according to following equation:
Wherein, P (x) is the cross-sectional area function of horn, and k is circular wavenumber, and D (x) is profile radius function, D0For upper part
Radius, P0For the cross-sectional area of upper part Yu variable cross-section portion connection, P1For end portion and variable cross-section portion connection
Cross-sectional area.
The length of end portion calculates according to following equation:
Increasing variable cross-section part in horn can be conducive to the stress that will act on nodal section dispersed, reduces luffing
The probability of bar fracture.
Described transducer includes front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and the piezoelectric ceramics annulus of thickness direction polarization.Even
Several described piezoelectric ceramics annulus coaxial connection forms piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap, adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics circle in piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap
Circumpolarization is in opposite direction, and even number piezoelectric ceramics annulus connects can make front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and same polarity
Electrode connects, and can be connected with the earth terminal of circuit, it is to avoid between front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap simultaneously
The setting of insulating washer.Being additionally provided with metal electrode between adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics annulus, the thickness of metal electrode is 0.02-
0.2mm。
Set the resonant frequency of transducer according to actual needs, obtained the physical dimension of transducer by following equation:
(1) equivalent circuit diagram of described transducer is as in figure 2 it is shown, whole circuit is divided into three parts by dotted line, respectively
For front shroud equivalent circuit, back shroud equivalent circuit and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap equivalent circuit, wherein, ZbLAnd ZfLIt is transducing respectively
After device, the load impedance at front two ends, set according to actual needs；
(2) Vibration Frequency Equations of described transducer is
Front metal cover board input mechanical impedance isRear metal cover board input mechanical impedance isThe mechanical impedance of transducer is
Wherein,Zf=p2c2S2,
k2=ω/c2, c2It is the velocity of sound in front metal cover board, ρ2、E2、σ2It is the density of front metal cover board, Young's modulus and Poisson respectively
Coefficient, l2And S2It is thickness and the area of cross section of front metal cover board；
(3) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, if
Ignoring mechanical loss and dielectric loss, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=0；If consideration mechanical loss, input resistance
When resisting for minimum, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|min, it is calculated by the Vibration Frequency Equations of transducer
The concrete size of transducer；
(4) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, when
Input resistance resist for invalid big time, ignore loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=∞；When input resistance resists it is
Invalid big time, it is considered to loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|max, by the frequency of vibration side of transducer
Journey is calculated the concrete size of transducer.
In the present embodiment, as it is shown on figure 3, obtained the size of transducer by following method: (1) is first to transducer
Frequency equation is derived: section A B is displacement nodal section, and transducer is divided into two and quarter-wave shakes by displacement nodal section AB
Son, i.e. Lf+l2And Lb+l1Being 1/4th of vibration wavelength, each quarter-wave oscillator is by piezoelectric ceramics
Wafer and metal cover board composition, the piezoelectric ceramics in face of displacement node and between front metal cover board enters the length of team and is designated as Lf, displacement
The length of the piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap after nodal section and between rear metal cover board is designated as LbIf piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap is l's by P thickness
Piezoelectric ceramics annulus forms, then have Lf+Lb=Pl and l are much smaller than the wavelength of thickness vibration.Quarter-wave before displacement node
The resonance equations of oscillator isThe resonance side of the quarter-wave oscillator after displacement node
Journey is tan (keLb)tan(k1l1)=Zo/Zf, wherein, Z0It is the characteristic impedance of single piezoelectric ceramics annulus, l1And l2It is respectively
Afterwards, the thickness of front metal cover board；(2) set resonant frequency according to actual needs, and obtained by the resonance frequency equation obtained
The concrete size of transducer.
In correlation technique, horn is as connecting transducer and the intermediate member of tool heads, and general employing is threaded, but
It is due to the threaded gap that exists, vibration transmitting procedure has energy loss, and dither easily causes screw thread fatigue failure.
Described transducer also include shell, the upper end cover being located at upper surface of outer cover, be located at shell lower surface bottom end cover and
Mounting flange, described shell fixes described piezoelectric ceramics annulus, front metal cover board and rear metal cover board, and described upper end cover includes solid
Fixed column, described fixing post is located at the cental axial position of upper end cover and extends upwardly in rotary transformer, and downwardly extending supreme
The lower section of end cap, it is achieved rotary transformer and the connection of transducer.Described horn extends upwardly to the inside of transducer, and becomes
Being provided with connector, upper spring and lower spring between width bar and fixing post, the upper end of described upper spring connects the lower end of fixing post, institute
The lower end stating spring connects connector, and the upper end of described lower spring connects connector, and the lower end of described lower spring connects luffing
Bar.Described connector can be iron block etc..The one of horn and transducer is realized by upper spring, connector and lower spring
Change, it is to avoid use and easily cause the threaded of fatigue loss, during work, the supersonic vibration propagated to fixing post by upper spring,
Lower spring is absorbed, and slowing down vibration energy is transmitted to fixing post, it is to avoid fixing connection between post and rotary transformer is vibrated
Loss, transmits vibrational energy to horn substantially.
The cental axial position of described mounting flange leaves perforate, and the inner side of described perforate is provided with encirclement along its circumferencial direction and becomes
The elastic rubber ring of width bar variable cross-section part.And the upper surface of described mounting flange is interval with multiple Collapsible structure, and lead to
Cross Collapsible structure and connect described bottom end cover.When regulating different frequencies, described mounting flange can be made by Collapsible structure
Transducer relatively moves up and down, thus reduces the biography of horn frequency of vibration while protecting to greatest extent and fixing horn
Pass, improve the utilization rate of vibrational energy.
In the present embodiment, the front metal cover board of described transducer and the thickness of rear metal cover board are 20mm, and piezoelectricity is made pottery
The thickness of porcelain crystalline substance heap is 15mm, and the diameter of front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap is 39mm.
In the present embodiment, described horn is made up of titanium alloy material, and its supersonic frequency is 30KHz.
In the present embodiment, the end face diameter of the upper part of described horn is 25mm, its a length of 10mm, bottom
The end face diameter divided is 10mm, its a length of 30mm.Described horn is integrated with tool heads, the end plating of described tool heads
Or sintercorundum abrasive material.
Utilize form factorRelatively described horn can reach peak swing, form factorExpression formula is as follows:
Wherein,ρ C is the material mechanical impedance of only relevant with material horn.
Can obtain A value by ANSYS harmonic responding analysis, be computed, the A value of described horn is 0.326 × 10-12m/
Pa, the design natural frequency horn,stepped identical with described horn with area factor, be calculated A value be 0.090 ×
10-12m/Pa。
Embodiment five
Assembly of the invention, as it is shown in figure 1, include framework, rotary transformer, transducer, horn and tool heads.Described
Both sides above transducer arrange rotary transformer.
Compared to the horn of exponential shape, cone shape, catenary shape etc., horn,stepped amplification coefficient is maximum,
But stress distribution is concentrated, and is easily broken off, and job security is poor.Described horn uses notch cuttype, including upper part, becomes and cuts
Face part and end portion, described upper part is directly connected to the bottom surface of transducer, and described end portion is directly connected to tool heads.Institute
The shape stating variable cross-section calculates according to following equation:
Wherein, P (x) is the cross-sectional area function of horn, and k is circular wavenumber, and D (x) is profile radius function, D0For upper part
Radius, P0For the cross-sectional area of upper part Yu variable cross-section portion connection, P1For end portion and variable cross-section portion connection
Cross-sectional area.
The length of end portion calculates according to following equation:
Increasing variable cross-section part in horn can be conducive to the stress that will act on nodal section dispersed, reduces luffing
The probability of bar fracture.
Described transducer includes front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and the piezoelectric ceramics annulus of thickness direction polarization.Even
Several described piezoelectric ceramics annulus coaxial connection forms piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap, adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics circle in piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap
Circumpolarization is in opposite direction, and even number piezoelectric ceramics annulus connects can make front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and same polarity
Electrode connects, and can be connected with the earth terminal of circuit, it is to avoid between front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap simultaneously
The setting of insulating washer.Being additionally provided with metal electrode between adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics annulus, the thickness of metal electrode is 0.02-
0.2mm。
Set the resonant frequency of transducer according to actual needs, obtained the physical dimension of transducer by following equation:
(1) equivalent circuit diagram of described transducer is as in figure 2 it is shown, whole circuit is divided into three parts by dotted line, respectively
For front shroud equivalent circuit, back shroud equivalent circuit and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap equivalent circuit, wherein, ZbLAnd ZfLIt is transducing respectively
After device, the load impedance at front two ends, set according to actual needs；
(2) Vibration Frequency Equations of described transducer is
Front metal cover board input mechanical impedance isRear metal cover board input mechanical impedance isThe mechanical impedance of transducer is
Wherein,Zf=ρ2c2S2,
K2=ω/c2, c2It is the velocity of sound in front metal cover board, ρ2、E2、σ2It is the density of front metal cover board, Young's modulus and Poisson respectively
Coefficient, l2 and S2 is thickness and the area of cross section of front metal cover board；
(3) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, if
Ignoring mechanical loss and dielectric loss, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=0；If consideration mechanical loss, input resistance
When resisting for minimum, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|min, it is calculated by the Vibration Frequency Equations of transducer
The concrete size of transducer；
(4) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, when
Input resistance resist for invalid big time, ignore loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=∞；When input resistance resists it is
Invalid big time, it is considered to loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|max, by the frequency of vibration side of transducer
Journey is calculated the concrete size of transducer.
In the present embodiment, as it is shown on figure 3, obtained the size of transducer by following method: (1) is first to transducer
Frequency equation is derived: section A B is displacement nodal section, and transducer is divided into two and quarter-wave shakes by displacement nodal section AB
Son, i.e. Lf+l2And Lb+l1Being 1/4th of vibration wavelength, each quarter-wave oscillator is by piezoelectric ceramics
Wafer and metal cover board composition, the piezoelectric ceramics in face of displacement node and between front metal cover board enters the length of team and is designated as Lf, displacement
The length of the piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap after nodal section and between rear metal cover board is designated as LbIf piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap is l's by P thickness
Piezoelectric ceramics annulus forms, then have Lf+Lb=Pl and l are much smaller than the wavelength of thickness vibration.Quarter-wave before displacement node
The resonance equations of oscillator isThe resonance side of the quarter-wave oscillator after displacement node
Journey is tan (keLb)tan(k1l1)=Zo/Zf, wherein, Z0It is the characteristic impedance of single piezoelectric ceramics annulus, l1And l2It is respectively
Afterwards, the thickness of front metal cover board；(2) set resonant frequency according to actual needs, and obtained by the resonance frequency equation obtained
The concrete size of transducer.
In correlation technique, horn is as connecting transducer and the intermediate member of tool heads, and general employing is threaded, but
It is due to the threaded gap that exists, vibration transmitting procedure has energy loss, and dither easily causes screw thread fatigue failure.
Described transducer also include shell, the upper end cover being located at upper surface of outer cover, be located at shell lower surface bottom end cover and
Mounting flange, described shell fixes described piezoelectric ceramics annulus, front metal cover board and rear metal cover board, and described upper end cover includes solid
Fixed column, described fixing post is located at the cental axial position of upper end cover and extends upwardly in rotary transformer, and downwardly extending supreme
The lower section of end cap, it is achieved rotary transformer and the connection of transducer.Described horn extends upwardly to the inside of transducer, and becomes
Being provided with connector, upper spring and lower spring between width bar and fixing post, the upper end of described upper spring connects the lower end of fixing post, institute
The lower end stating spring connects connector, and the upper end of described lower spring connects connector, and the lower end of described lower spring connects luffing
Bar.Described connector can be iron block etc..The one of horn and transducer is realized by upper spring, connector and lower spring
Change, it is to avoid use and easily cause the threaded of fatigue loss, during work, the supersonic vibration propagated to fixing post by upper spring,
Lower spring is absorbed, and slowing down vibration energy is transmitted to fixing post, it is to avoid fixing connection between post and rotary transformer is vibrated
Loss, transmits vibrational energy to horn substantially.
The cental axial position of described mounting flange leaves perforate, and the inner side of described perforate is provided with encirclement along its circumferencial direction and becomes
The elastic rubber ring of width bar variable cross-section part.And the upper surface of described mounting flange is interval with multiple Collapsible structure, and lead to
Cross Collapsible structure and connect described bottom end cover.When regulating different frequencies, described mounting flange can be made by Collapsible structure
Transducer relatively moves up and down, thus reduces the biography of horn frequency of vibration while protecting to greatest extent and fixing horn
Pass, improve the utilization rate of vibrational energy.
In the present embodiment, the front metal cover board of described transducer and the thickness of rear metal cover board are 17mm, and piezoelectricity is made pottery
The thickness of porcelain crystalline substance heap is 12mm, and the diameter of front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap is 35mm.
In the present embodiment, described horn is made up of titanium alloy material, and its supersonic frequency is 30KHz.
In the present embodiment, the end face diameter of the upper part of described horn is 40mm, its a length of 25mm, bottom
The end face diameter divided is 21mm, its a length of 40mm.Described horn is integrated with tool heads, the end plating of described tool heads
Or sintercorundum abrasive material.
Utilize form factorRelatively described horn can reach peak swing, form factorExpression formula is as follows:
Wherein,ρ C is the material mechanical impedance of only relevant with material horn.
Can obtain A value by ANSYS harmonic responding analysis, be computed, the A value of described horn is 0.402 × 10-12m/
Pa, the design natural frequency horn,stepped identical with described horn with area factor, be calculated A value be 0.090 ×
10-12m/Pa。
Last it should be noted that, above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, rather than the present invention is protected
Protecting the restriction of scope, although having made to explain to the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art should
Work as understanding, technical scheme can be modified or equivalent, without deviating from the reality of technical solution of the present invention
Matter and scope.
Claims (6)
1. the processing unit (plant) of a flywheel casing for diesel engine, it is characterised in that mainly include frame, mounting seat, left cutter head and the right side
Cutter head, described mounting seat is positioned in frame and is connected with lateral adjustments unit and the longitudinal adjustment mechanism of frame, described left cutter
Head and right cutter head are positioned at the top of mounting seat and are distributed in the both sides of mounting seat, and left cutter head is arranged on the sidewall of frame, at machine
Being additionally provided with in frame and order about right cutter head and do the reciprocating lateral adjustment device of horizontal direction, described lateral adjustment device includes silk
Screw, guide rod and the traversing driving motor that bar matches with screw mandrel, one end of described screw mandrel and the output shaft of horizontal drive motor
Connecting, the other end is plugged on sidewall and the frame matched in clearance of frame, and the tail end of described screw is fixed with support seat, and right cutter head is pacified
Being contained on support seat, described guide rod is supported by two support ears being welded on machine frame inside, and guide rod is parallel with screw mandrel, described support seat
With screw mandrel and guide rod matched in clearance.
The processing unit (plant) of a kind of flywheel casing for diesel engine the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described left cutter head and
Right cutter head is respectively driven by a motor.
The processing unit (plant) of a kind of flywheel casing for diesel engine the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that include framework, rotation
Transformator, transducer, horn and tool heads；Both sides above described transducer arrange rotary transformer, and described horn includes
Upper part, variable cross-section part and end portion, described upper part is directly connected to the bottom surface of transducer, and described end portion is direct
Connecting tool head, the shape of described variable cross-section calculates according to following equation: Wherein, P (x) is the cross-sectional area function of horn, and k is circular wavenumber, and D (x) is profile radius function, D0
For the radius of upper part, P0For the cross-sectional area of upper part Yu variable cross-section portion connection, P1Cut with becoming for end portion
The cross-sectional area of face portion connection, the length of end portion calculates according to following equation:Described transducing
Device includes front metal cover board, rear metal cover board and the piezoelectric ceramics annulus of thickness direction polarization, piezoelectric ceramics described in even number
Annulus coaxial connection forms piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap, and in piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap, adjacent two piezoelectric ceramics annulus polarised directions are contrary；
Obtained the physical dimension of transducer by following equation after setting the resonant frequency of transducer according to actual needs:
(1) equivalent circuit diagram of described transducer, whole circuit is divided into three parts, respectively front shroud equivalent electric by dotted line
Road, back shroud equivalent circuit and piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap equivalent circuit, wherein, ZbLAnd ZfLAfter being transducer respectively, front two ends negative
Carry impedance, set according to actual needs；
(2) Vibration Frequency Equations of described transducer is
Front metal cover board input mechanical impedance isRear metal cover board input mechanical impedance isThe mechanical impedance of transducer is
Wherein,Zf=ρ2c2S2, k2=
ω/c2, c2It is the velocity of sound in front metal cover board, ρ2、E2、σ2It is the density of front metal cover board, Young's modulus and Poisson's coefficient respectively,
l2And S2It is thickness and the area of cross section of front metal cover board；
(3) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, if ignoring machine
Tool loss and dielectric loss, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=0；If consideration mechanical loss, input resistance resists for
Hour, the resonance frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|min, it is calculated transducer by the Vibration Frequency Equations of transducer
Concrete size；
(4) it is difficult to determine due to the load of transducer, the most generally transducer is regarded as unloaded, i.e. ZbL=ZfL=0, when input electricity
Impedance be invalid big time, ignore loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=∞；When input resistance resist for invalid greatly
Time, it is considered to loss, the antiresonant frequency equation of transducer is | Zi|=| Zi|max, calculated by the Vibration Frequency Equations of transducer
Obtain the concrete size of transducer；
Described transducer also includes shell, the upper end cover being located at upper surface of outer cover, is located at the bottom end cover of shell lower surface and fixes
Flange, described shell fixes described piezoelectric ceramics annulus, front metal cover board and rear metal cover board, and described upper end cover includes fixing
Post, described fixing post is located at the cental axial position of upper end cover and extends upwardly in rotary transformer, and extending downward upper end
The lower section of lid, described horn extends upwardly to be provided with connector, upper bullet between the inside of transducer, and horn and fixing post
Spring and lower spring, the upper end of described upper spring connects the lower end of fixing post, and the lower end of described upper spring connects connector, described under
The upper end of spring connects connector, and the lower end of described lower spring connects horn.
The processing unit (plant) of a kind of flywheel casing for diesel engine the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that adjacent two piezoelectricity
Being additionally provided with metal electrode between pottery annulus, the thickness of metal electrode is 0.02-0.2mm.
The processing unit (plant) of a kind of flywheel casing for diesel engine the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that according to actual needs
The physical dimension of transducer is obtained by following equation: (1) first frequency to transducer after setting the resonant frequency of transducer
Equation is derived: section A B is displacement nodal section, and transducer is divided into two quarter-wave oscillators by displacement nodal section AB, i.e.
Lf+l2And Lb+l1Being 1/4th of vibration wavelength, each quarter-wave oscillator is by piezoelectric ceramic wafer
And metal cover board composition, the piezoelectric ceramics in face of displacement node and between front metal cover board enters the length of team and is designated as Lf, displacement nodal section
The length of the piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap afterwards and between rear metal cover board is designated as LbIf piezoelectric ceramics crystalline substance heap is the piezoelectricity of l by P thickness
Pottery annulus composition, then have Lf+Lb=Pl and l are much smaller than the wavelength of thickness vibration.Quarter-wave oscillator before displacement node
Resonance equations be tan (keLf)tan(k2l2)=Zo/Zf, the resonance equations of the quarter-wave oscillator after displacement node is
tan(keLb)tan(k1l1)=Zo/Zf, wherein, Z0It is the characteristic impedance of single piezoelectric ceramics annulus, l1And l2It is rear, front respectively
The thickness of metal cover board；(2) set resonant frequency according to actual needs, and obtain transducer by the resonance frequency equation obtained
Concrete size.
The processing unit (plant) of a kind of flywheel casing for diesel engine the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described mounting flange
Cental axial position leave perforate, the inner side of described perforate along its circumferencial direction be provided with surround horn variable cross-section part elasticity
Rubber ring.And the upper surface of described mounting flange is interval with multiple Collapsible structure, and connected described by Collapsible structure
Bottom end cover.
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Application publication date: 20161116 |