CN106111268A - A kind of grinding chemical mechanical system of fusiformis lodicule - Google Patents
A kind of grinding chemical mechanical system of fusiformis lodicule Download PDFInfo
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- CN106111268A CN106111268A CN201610541474.6A CN201610541474A CN106111268A CN 106111268 A CN106111268 A CN 106111268A CN 201610541474 A CN201610541474 A CN 201610541474A CN 106111268 A CN106111268 A CN 106111268A
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013144 data compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005316 response function Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/10—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with one or a few disintegrating members arranged in the container
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/18—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/18—Details
- B02C17/1815—Cooling or heating devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/10—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
- B02C23/12—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone with return of oversize material to crushing or disintegrating zone
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
Abstract
一种梭形浆片的研磨化工机械系统,其特征在于:包括研磨部分和控制系统两部分,研磨部分包括原料斗、给料机、集合器、送料带、研磨机、珠体分离器、粗粉分离器、细粉分离器、粉料斗、风机、阀以及管线,研磨机具有进料口、出料口、筒体、主轴承、辅轴承、浆片、珠体、主轴、筒体摆动带轮以及管轴齿轮,主轴在主轴电机的带动下旋转,筒体摆动带轮在步进电机的带动下周期性的以一定的角度进行往复转动。
A grinding chemical mechanical system for shuttle-shaped paddles, characterized in that it includes a grinding part and a control system. The grinding part includes a raw material hopper, a feeder, a collector, a feeding belt, a grinder, a bead separator, a Powder separator, fine powder separator, powder hopper, fan, valve and pipeline, the grinder has inlet, outlet, cylinder, main bearing, auxiliary bearing, paddle, bead, main shaft, cylinder swing belt The wheel and tube shaft gear, the main shaft rotates under the drive of the main shaft motor, and the cylinder swing pulley periodically reciprocates at a certain angle under the drive of the stepping motor.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于研磨机械,特别涉及一种梭形浆片的研磨化工机械系统。The invention belongs to grinding machinery, in particular to a grinding chemical machinery system for shuttle-shaped paddles.
背景技术Background technique
目前,化学品的研磨机械的生产技术力量薄弱、生产线自动化程度低、人工操作多、工序分散、工作环境差的落后生产途中,生产过程存在的问题有如下几点。At present, the production technology of chemical grinding machinery is weak, the degree of automation of the production line is low, there are many manual operations, the process is scattered, and the working environment is poor. The problems in the production process are as follows.
研磨加工效率低下,研磨产品单一,无法根据需要适时调整机械;自动控制程度低,操作人员手工操作效率低下;在化学品研磨过程中,化学品会产生热量,需要停机冷却,不能实时降温;生产过程中某些参数的调节和监控主要依靠有经验的操作工人监视,使得生产信息及过程数据不能准确,不能及时调整。The grinding process is inefficient, the grinding product is single, and the machine cannot be adjusted in a timely manner according to the needs; the degree of automatic control is low, and the manual operation efficiency of the operator is low; during the grinding process of chemicals, chemicals will generate heat, which needs to be stopped for cooling, and cannot be cooled in real time; production The adjustment and monitoring of some parameters in the process mainly rely on the monitoring of experienced operators, which makes the production information and process data inaccurate and cannot be adjusted in time.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种梭形浆片的研磨化工机械系统,其能够加快研磨生产的效率,提供不同颗粒大小的成品粉料,实现了研磨生产的自动化。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a grinding chemical mechanical system for shuttle-shaped paddles, which can speed up the efficiency of grinding production, provide finished powders with different particle sizes, and realize the automation of grinding production.
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:一种梭形浆片的研磨化工机械系统,包括研磨部分和控制系统两部分,研磨部分包括原料斗、给料机、集合器、送料带、研磨机、珠体分离器、粗粉分离器、细粉分离器、粉料斗、风机、阀以及管线,如图所示,原料通过给料机进入集合器,与其他的粉料集合经过送料带进入研磨机,研磨机将物料研磨后形成初加工粉料,通过管线进入珠体分离器,将珠体分离并退回研磨机中,分离后的初加工粉料通过管线进入粗粉分离器,将尺寸过大的初加工粉料分离并通过管线进入集合器,经过粗粉分离器的初加工粉料形成初分离粉料,通过管线直接进入粉料斗形成最终粉料,或者通过管线进入细粉分离器,进一步将初分离粉料筛选形成最终粉料,并将尺寸不合规定的粉料返回集合器,细粉分离器和集合器之间设置有气动泵浦,以便于粉料顺畅快速的通过管路;In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a grinding chemical machinery system for shuttle-shaped paddles, including two parts: a grinding part and a control system. The grinding part includes a raw material hopper, a feeder, a collector, a feeding belt, a grinding Machine, bead separator, coarse powder separator, fine powder separator, powder hopper, fan, valve and pipeline, as shown in the figure, the raw material enters the collector through the feeder, and gathers with other powders and enters through the feeding belt Grinder, the grinder grinds the material to form primary processing powder, which enters the bead separator through the pipeline, separates the beads and returns them to the grinder, and the separated primary processing powder enters the coarse powder separator through the pipeline, and the size The excessively large primary processing powder is separated and enters the collector through the pipeline, the primary processing powder passing through the coarse powder separator forms the primary separation powder, and directly enters the powder hopper through the pipeline to form the final powder, or enters the fine powder separator through the pipeline , and further screen the primary separated powder to form the final powder, and return the powder that does not meet the specified size to the collector. A pneumatic pump is installed between the fine powder separator and the collector to facilitate the smooth and fast passage of the powder through the pipeline ;
其中,研磨机具有进料口、出料口、筒体、主轴承、辅轴承、浆片、珠体、主轴、筒体摆动带轮以及管轴齿轮,原料通过筒体的进料口进入筒体内部,进料口外部套设辅轴承,筒体内的浆片与主轴固定连接,主轴为中空管状结构,并在表面形成多个通孔,主轴一端伸出形成出料口,主轴承套设在主轴上,管轴齿轮套设在主轴上,管轴齿轮与主轴电机上的驱动齿轮啮合,主轴在主轴电机的带动下旋转,筒体摆动带轮与筒体固定连接,筒体摆动带轮通过皮带与外部的步进电机连接,筒体摆动带轮在步进电机的带动下周期性的以一定的角度进行往复转动;Among them, the grinding machine has a material inlet, a material outlet, a cylinder, a main bearing, an auxiliary bearing, a paddle, a bead body, a main shaft, a cylinder swing pulley, and a tube shaft gear. The raw material enters the cylinder through the cylinder inlet. Inside the body, the auxiliary bearing is sleeved outside the feed inlet. The paddles in the cylinder are fixedly connected with the main shaft. The main shaft is a hollow tubular structure with multiple through holes formed on the surface. On the main shaft, the tube shaft gear is sleeved on the main shaft, the tube shaft gear meshes with the driving gear on the main shaft motor, the main shaft rotates under the drive of the main shaft motor, the cylinder swing pulley is fixedly connected with the cylinder body, and the cylinder swing pulley The belt is connected to the external stepping motor, and the cylinder swing pulley is driven by the stepping motor to periodically reciprocate at a certain angle;
控制系统包括传感器、主控器、执行装置、显示装置以及通讯装置,传感器将测量得到的信号传递给主控器,主控器将得到的信号进行处理后控制执行装置进行相应的动作,并将相应的参数显示在显示装置上,通讯装置与主控器连接,通讯装置为无线连接装置,进而实现远程监控。The control system includes a sensor, a main controller, an execution device, a display device and a communication device. The sensor transmits the measured signal to the main controller, and the main controller processes the obtained signal and controls the execution device to perform corresponding actions, and the The corresponding parameters are displayed on the display device, the communication device is connected with the main controller, and the communication device is a wireless connection device, thereby realizing remote monitoring.
本发明的有益效果:Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1.对制粉的有效加工,并且可以根据需求加工不同的粉料;1. Effective processing of flour milling, and different powder materials can be processed according to requirements;
2.加大了对原料的加工力度,从而提高粉碎效率;2. Increase the processing of raw materials, thereby improving the crushing efficiency;
3.实现了对筒体温度的控制;3. Realized the control of cylinder temperature;
4.实现了颗粒的精细化研磨;4. Realized fine grinding of particles;
5.自动化控制,减少了人工设定的反复修改带来的效率上浪费以及精度的不准确;5. Automatic control reduces the waste of efficiency and inaccurate accuracy caused by repeated revisions of manual settings;
6.实时监控料位情况,防止料位过高或过低的情况出现。6. Monitor the material level in real time to prevent the material level from being too high or too low.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的研磨部分结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the grinding part of the present invention;
图2为本发明的研磨机结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural representation of grinding machine of the present invention;
图3a为本发明的浆片组合示意图;Figure 3a is a schematic diagram of paddle assembly of the present invention;
图3b为本发明的浆片分布示意图Figure 3b is a schematic diagram of the paddle distribution of the present invention
图4为本发明的主轴电机的驱动示意图;Fig. 4 is the driving schematic diagram of the spindle motor of the present invention;
图5本发明的模糊控制器的示意图;The schematic diagram of the fuzzy controller of the present invention of Fig. 5;
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本发明的实施例参考图1-5所示。Embodiments of the present invention are shown with reference to FIGS. 1-5 .
一种梭形浆片的研磨化工机械系统,其包括研磨部分和控制系统两部分,研磨部分包括原料斗、给料机、集合器、送料带、研磨机、珠体分离器、粗粉分离器、细粉分离器、粉料斗、风机、阀以及管线,如图所示,原料通过给料机进入集合器,与其他的粉料集合经过送料带进入研磨机,研磨机将物料研磨后形成初加工粉料,通过管线进入珠体分离器,将珠体分离并退回研磨机中,分离后的初加工粉料通过管线进入粗粉分离器,将尺寸过大的初加工粉料分离并通过管线进入集合器,经过粗粉分离器的初加工粉料形成初分离粉料,通过管线直接进入粉料斗形成最终粉料,或者通过管线进入细粉分离器,进一步将初分离粉料筛选形成最终粉料,并将尺寸不合规定的粉料返回集合器。A grinding chemical mechanical system for shuttle-shaped paddles, which includes two parts: a grinding part and a control system. The grinding part includes a raw material hopper, a feeder, a collector, a feeding belt, a grinder, a bead separator, and a coarse powder separator , fine powder separator, powder hopper, fan, valve and pipeline, as shown in the figure, the raw material enters the collector through the feeder, gathers with other powders and enters the grinder through the feeding belt, and the grinder grinds the material to form a primary The processed powder enters the bead separator through the pipeline, the beads are separated and returned to the grinder, the separated primary processed powder enters the coarse powder separator through the pipeline, and the oversized primary processed powder is separated and passed through the pipeline Enter the collector, the primary processed powder through the coarse powder separator forms the primary separated powder, and directly enters the powder hopper through the pipeline to form the final powder, or enters the fine powder separator through the pipeline, and further screens the primary separated powder to form the final powder and return powder that is not of the specified size to the accumulator.
通过上述多个管线的多循环设置,实现了对制粉的有效加工,并且可以根据需求加工不同的粉料。Through the multi-cycle setting of the above-mentioned multiple pipelines, the effective processing of powder making is realized, and different powder materials can be processed according to requirements.
其中,研磨机具有进料口、出料口、筒体、主轴承、辅轴承、浆片、珠体、主轴、筒体摆动带轮以及管轴齿轮,原料通过筒体的进料口进入筒体内部,进料口外部套设辅轴承,筒体内的浆片与主轴固定连接,主轴为中空管状结构,并在表面形成多个通孔,主轴一端伸出形成出料口,主轴承套设在主轴上,管轴齿轮套设在主轴上,管轴齿轮与主轴电机上的驱动齿轮啮合,主轴在主轴电机的带动下旋转,筒体摆动带轮与筒体固定连接,筒体摆动带轮通过皮带与外部的步进电机连接,筒体摆动带轮在步进电机的带动下周期性的以一定的角度进行往复转动。Among them, the grinding machine has a material inlet, a material outlet, a cylinder, a main bearing, an auxiliary bearing, a paddle, a bead body, a main shaft, a cylinder swing pulley, and a tube shaft gear. The raw material enters the cylinder through the cylinder inlet. Inside the body, the auxiliary bearing is sleeved outside the feed inlet. The paddles in the cylinder are fixedly connected with the main shaft. The main shaft is a hollow tubular structure with multiple through holes formed on the surface. On the main shaft, the tube shaft gear is sleeved on the main shaft, the tube shaft gear meshes with the driving gear on the main shaft motor, the main shaft rotates under the drive of the main shaft motor, the cylinder swing pulley is fixedly connected with the cylinder body, and the cylinder swing pulley The belt is connected to the external stepping motor, and the swing pulley of the cylinder is periodically reciprocated at a certain angle under the drive of the stepping motor.
上述结构中,主轴和筒体同时旋转,较以往单一的主轴或者筒体的旋转的技术方案,加大了对原料的加工力度,从而提高粉碎效率。In the above structure, the main shaft and the cylinder rotate at the same time, which increases the processing power of the raw material and improves the crushing efficiency compared with the previous technical solution of a single rotation of the main shaft or the cylinder.
控制系统包括传感器、主控器、执行装置、显示装置以及通讯装置,传感器将测量得到的信号传递给主控器,主控器将得到的信号进行处理后控制执行装置进行相应的动作,并将相应的参数显示在显示装置上,通讯装置与主控器连接,通讯装置为无线连接装置,进而实现远程监控。The control system includes a sensor, a main controller, an execution device, a display device and a communication device. The sensor transmits the measured signal to the main controller, and the main controller processes the obtained signal and controls the execution device to perform corresponding actions, and the The corresponding parameters are displayed on the display device, the communication device is connected with the main controller, and the communication device is a wireless connection device, thereby realizing remote monitoring.
进一步的说,原料的粒度为450微米以上,经过粗粉分离器分离的粉料的粒度为50微米以下,经过细粉分离器分离的粉料的粒度为1微米以下。Further, the particle size of the raw material is above 450 microns, the particle size of the powder separated by the coarse powder separator is below 50 microns, and the particle size of the powder separated by the fine powder separator is below 1 micron.
进一步的说,细粉分离器分离参数可调节。Furthermore, the separation parameters of the fine powder separator can be adjusted.
进一步的说,珠体为人造玻璃珠或者钢珠。Furthermore, the bead body is an artificial glass bead or a steel bead.
通过上述分离器的设置使该研磨设备适于油漆涂料、磨制颜料、染料、药物或胶悬剂等多种不同颗粒度要求的化工材料的研磨制造。Through the setting of the separator above, the grinding equipment is suitable for the grinding and manufacture of various chemical materials with different particle size requirements, such as paint coatings, ground pigments, dyes, medicines or suspensions.
进一步的说,筒体具有双层桶壁,双层桶壁形成容置腔,容纳冷却水,筒体的外层桶壁上设置冷水入口、废水出口。Furthermore, the barrel body has double-layer barrel walls, and the double-layer barrel walls form an accommodating chamber for accommodating cooling water. The outer barrel wall of the barrel body is provided with a cold water inlet and a waste water outlet.
通过设置双层桶壁的筒体以及相应的入水和出水口,实现了对筒体温度的控制。The temperature control of the cylinder is realized by setting the cylinder with double-layer barrel walls and the corresponding water inlet and outlet.
进一步的说,主轴在主轴电机的带动下周期性的交替正反向旋转,且正反向旋转的交替周期与筒体摆动带轮的往复运动周期相同。Furthermore, the main shaft is driven by the main shaft motor to alternately rotate forward and reverse periodically, and the alternating period of forward and reverse rotation is the same as the reciprocating period of the cylinder swing pulley.
进一步的说,主轴与筒体摆动带轮的运动方向相反。Furthermore, the direction of movement of the main shaft and the oscillating pulley of the barrel is opposite.
通过上述运动方向的设置,进一步提高了粉碎效率。Through the above setting of the moving direction, the crushing efficiency is further improved.
进一步的说,主轴转动时,机体内的珠体在浆片的带动下对压入筒内的浆料进行分散研磨,浆片共有7片,每个浆片呈现为两端小中间大的梭状,两端具有齿牙,两端齿牙距离为90cm,齿牙的宽度为10cm,相邻两个浆片之间的中轴线成60度角排列。Furthermore, when the main shaft rotates, the beads in the body are driven by the paddles to disperse and grind the slurry pressed into the cylinder. There are 7 paddles in total, and each paddle appears as a shuttle with small ends and a large middle. shape, two ends have teeth, the distance between the two ends of the teeth is 90cm, the width of the teeth is 10cm, and the central axis between two adjacent paddles is arranged at an angle of 60 degrees.
由于浆片之间的间隙较大,因此大颗粒物料可以快速通过,进而防止对研磨机的堵塞,实现了主轴电机高转速条件下的对物料的快速研磨。Due to the large gap between the paddles, large particle materials can pass through quickly, thereby preventing the blockage of the grinder, and realizing the rapid grinding of materials under the condition of high spindle motor speed.
进一步的说,珠体分为大珠体和小珠体,大珠体直径为60mm,小珠体直径为20mm。Further, the beads are divided into large beads and small beads, the diameter of the large beads is 60 mm, and the diameter of the small beads is 20 mm.
通过大小珠体的设置,可以有效填充珠体之间的空隙,有利于精细粉末的磨制生成。Through the arrangement of large and small beads, the gaps between the beads can be effectively filled, which is beneficial to the grinding and generation of fine powder.
其中传感器包括测速传感器、转速传感器、重量传感器、温度传感器、压力传感器、振动传感器、音频传感器、负载估计模块,测速传感器安装在送料带上以测量送料带的速度,重量传感器安装在原料斗和粉料斗上以测量原料和加工后的粉料重量,温度传感器安装在研磨机的废水出口处以测量水温,压力传感器安装在研磨机的出料口处以测量出料口压力,振动传感器以及音频传感器安装在研磨机的基座上以测量研磨机的机械振动信号和噪声信号,负载估计模块设置在主轴电机和电源之间以测量电机的电流和电压的负载,转速传感器设置在主轴上以测量主轴的转速;The sensors include speed sensor, speed sensor, weight sensor, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, vibration sensor, audio sensor, load estimation module, the speed sensor is installed on the feeding belt to measure the speed of the feeding belt, and the weight sensor is installed on the raw material hopper and powder The hopper is used to measure the weight of raw materials and processed powder, the temperature sensor is installed at the waste water outlet of the grinder to measure the water temperature, the pressure sensor is installed at the outlet of the grinder to measure the outlet pressure, the vibration sensor and the audio sensor are installed at the On the base of the grinder to measure the mechanical vibration signal and noise signal of the grinder, the load estimation module is set between the spindle motor and the power supply to measure the load of the motor's current and voltage, and the speed sensor is set on the spindle to measure the speed of the spindle ;
测速传感器、重量传感器、温度传感器、压力传感器、振动传感器、音频传感器通过采样芯片将信号输入主控器,负载估计模块经过带通滤波器将信号输入主控器;The speed sensor, weight sensor, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, vibration sensor, and audio sensor input the signal to the main controller through the sampling chip, and the load estimation module inputs the signal to the main controller through the band-pass filter;
进一步的说,通过机械振动信号和噪声信号判断筒体中的料位,具体步骤如下:Furthermore, to judge the material level in the barrel through mechanical vibration signal and noise signal, the specific steps are as follows:
步骤1,将机械振动信号和噪声信号进行滤波,去除无用信号,并获取机械振动频率函数fz和噪声频率函数fc;Step 1, filter the mechanical vibration signal and the noise signal, remove the useless signal, and obtain the mechanical vibration frequency function f z and the noise frequency function f c ;
步骤2,计算声级,Step 2, calculate the sound level,
式中,L为声级强度,t为时间,e为自然对数函数的底数,lg为对数函数,F()为筒体内珠体与物料之间的冲击力函数,He()为筒体结构响应函数,a为声级加权系数,σrad筒体结构的声辐射系数,ηs为筒体的内部阻尼系数,d为筒体平均厚度,Re表示取复数的实部;In the formula, L is the sound level intensity, t is the time, e is the base number of the natural logarithmic function, lg is the logarithmic function, F() is the impact force function between the beads and the material in the cylinder, He () is Cylinder structure response function, a is the sound level weighting coefficient, σ rad is the sound radiation coefficient of the cylinder structure, η s is the internal damping coefficient of the cylinder, d is the average thickness of the cylinder, and Re represents the real part of a complex number;
步骤3,绘制声级强度L的曲线,并提取包络信号,形成包络曲线并对包络信号进行下抽样处理,进行数据压缩;Step 3, drawing the curve of the sound level intensity L, and extracting the envelope signal, forming an envelope curve and performing down-sampling processing on the envelope signal, and performing data compression;
步骤4,对压缩后的数据进行低频重构,得到低频重构信号;Step 4, performing low-frequency reconstruction on the compressed data to obtain a low-frequency reconstruction signal;
步骤5,将上述低频重构信号通过已经训练好的三层BP神经网络,与预先测量得到的分别处于10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%料位的低频重构信号进行比对,输出研磨机的实时料位信息。Step 5, pass the above-mentioned low-frequency reconstructed signal through the trained three-layer BP neural network, which is respectively 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% of the pre-measured , 90% of the low-frequency reconstruction signal of the material level is compared, and the real-time material level information of the grinder is output.
料位过低将造成球磨机工作在缺料状态,出料率低,珠体和筒体的磨损更加严重,料位过高也会造成出料率低,甚至有时可能造成堵料的问题。通过上述方法可以实时监控筒体内的料位情况,进而防止料位过低或过高的情况发生。If the material level is too low, the ball mill will work in a state of lack of material, the discharge rate will be low, and the wear of the beads and cylinder will be more serious. If the material level is too high, the discharge rate will be low, and sometimes it may even cause the problem of material blocking. Through the above method, the material level in the cylinder can be monitored in real time, so as to prevent the occurrence of the material level being too low or too high.
执行装置包括皮带轮电机、步进电机、主轴电机、冷水泵、气动泵浦、离合器、齿轮箱,皮带轮电机与送料带的皮带轮连接,主控器通过驱动装置与皮带轮电机连接向其提供转速信号以调节送料带的送料速度,主控器通过脉冲生成器与步进电机连接,脉冲生成器向步进电机提供周期的脉冲信号进而控制其运转周期和旋转角度,主控器通过驱动器主轴电机连接并向其提供驱动信号以调节主轴电机的电力供应进而调节主轴电机的负载能力,主控器与冷水泵上控制阀连接以控制冷水的供应压力,进而实现对筒体的有效冷却,主控器与气动泵浦连接以控制粉料的流量。The execution device includes a pulley motor, a stepping motor, a spindle motor, a cold water pump, a pneumatic pump, a clutch, and a gear box. The pulley motor is connected to the pulley of the feeding belt. To adjust the feeding speed of the feeding belt, the main controller is connected to the stepping motor through a pulse generator, and the pulse generator provides a periodic pulse signal to the stepping motor to control its operation cycle and rotation angle. The main controller is connected to the spindle motor through the driver and Provide drive signals to it to adjust the power supply of the spindle motor and then adjust the load capacity of the spindle motor. The main controller is connected to the control valve on the cold water pump to control the supply pressure of cold water, thereby achieving effective cooling of the cylinder. The main controller and A pneumatic pump is connected to control the flow of powder.
主轴电机通过离合器与齿轮箱连接,齿轮箱的输出轴上有齿轮从而与研磨机上的管轴齿轮相互啮合,主控器与离合器连接从而在负载过大时使主轴电机与齿轮箱断开,主控器与齿轮箱连接对转速和转向进行调节。The main shaft motor is connected to the gearbox through a clutch. There is a gear on the output shaft of the gearbox to mesh with the tube shaft gear on the grinder. The main controller is connected to the clutch so that the main shaft motor is disconnected from the gearbox when the load is too large. The controller is connected with the gearbox to adjust the speed and steering.
进一步的说,脉冲信号是由正弦信号调制生成的,并且每个周期内具有两个正负的脉宽相同的脉冲,主控器通过调节脉冲宽度的大小进而控制步进电机旋转角度,通过调节脉冲信号周期调节步进电机运转周期,主控器将脉冲信号周期的一半作为对齿轮箱转向调节的周期。Furthermore, the pulse signal is generated by modulating a sinusoidal signal, and there are two positive and negative pulses with the same pulse width in each cycle. The main controller controls the rotation angle of the stepper motor by adjusting the pulse width. By adjusting The cycle of the pulse signal adjusts the running cycle of the stepping motor, and the main controller takes half of the cycle of the pulse signal as the cycle for adjusting the steering of the gearbox.
显示装置包括液晶显示器和报警指示器,显示装置液晶显示器与主控器连接,显示各个传感器采集的数据以及各个执行机构的状态,报警指示器与主控器连接,用于在出现故障时发出警报以提醒操作人员;The display device includes a liquid crystal display and an alarm indicator. The liquid crystal display of the display device is connected to the main controller to display the data collected by each sensor and the status of each actuator. The alarm indicator is connected to the main controller to send an alarm when a fault occurs to remind the operator;
进一步的说,故障为管线发生堵料,送料带停转,离合器发生分离,废水出口水温过高,机械振动信号和噪声信号异常;Furthermore, the fault is that the pipeline is blocked, the feeding belt stops, the clutch is separated, the water temperature of the waste water outlet is too high, and the mechanical vibration signal and noise signal are abnormal;
主控器具有模糊控制装置,模糊控制装置包括差分器、微分器、模糊化接口、输出量转换模块、推理机、知识库,负载估计模块将测得的主轴电机的测量负载电压通过带通滤波器提供给差分器,差分器将操作人员输入的设定负载电压与测量负载电压相减得到误差值E,误差值E经过微分器得到误差变化率dE/dt,误差值E和误差变化率dE/dt提供给模糊化接口,对误差值E和误差变化率dE/dt进行模糊化赋值,分别得到模糊化误差值ME和模糊化误差变化值MEC,模糊化误差值ME和模糊化误差变化值MEC提供给推理机,推理机根据知识库中的输入输出隶属度矢量值以及逻辑推理规则对模糊化误差值ME和模糊化误差变化值MEC进行模糊推理得到模糊控制量MU,输出量转换模块将模糊控制量MU转换为实际控制量U,根据实际控制量U控制电源向主轴电机提供电压。The main controller has a fuzzy control device. The fuzzy control device includes a differentiator, a differentiator, a fuzzy interface, an output conversion module, an inference engine, and a knowledge base. The load estimation module passes the measured load voltage of the spindle motor through a band-pass filter. The differential device is provided to the differentiator, and the differential device subtracts the set load voltage input by the operator from the measured load voltage to obtain the error value E, and the error value E passes through the differentiator to obtain the error change rate dE/dt, the error value E and the error change rate dE /dt is provided to the fuzzification interface, and fuzzy assignment is performed on the error value E and the error change rate dE/dt, and the fuzzy error value ME and the fuzzy error change value MEC, the fuzzy error value ME and the fuzzy error change value are respectively obtained MEC is provided to the inference engine, and the inference engine performs fuzzy inference on the fuzzy error value ME and the fuzzy error change value MEC according to the input and output membership degree vector values in the knowledge base and the logical inference rules to obtain the fuzzy control quantity MU, and the output quantity conversion module will The fuzzy control quantity MU is converted into the actual control quantity U, and the control power supply provides voltage to the spindle motor according to the actual control quantity U.
其中,模糊化赋值的过程具体为:按照操作人员的语言变量的选取参量PL、PB、PM、PS、ZO、NS、NM、NB、BL分别表示正超大、正大、正中、正小、零、负小、负中、负大、负超大,对应的模糊集{-n,-n+1,......,0,......,n-1,n},n=4;Among them, the process of fuzzy assignment is specifically as follows: according to the selection of language variables of the operator, the parameters PL, PB, PM, PS, ZO, NS, NM, NB, and BL respectively represent positive super large, positive large, medium, positive small, zero, Negative small, negative medium, negative large, negative super large, the corresponding fuzzy set {-n,-n+1,...,0,...,n-1,n}, n= 4;
确定量化因子,ke=n/e,其中,ke为误差值量化因子,e为测量的最大误差值,kec=n/ec,kec为误差变化率量化因子,ec为测量的最大误差变化率,Determine the quantization factor, k e =n/e, wherein, k e is the quantization factor of the error value, e is the maximum error value of the measurement, k ec =n/ec, k ec is the quantization factor of the error change rate, and ec is the maximum measurement error error rate of change,
如果m≤keE≤m+1,m<n,则模糊化误差值ME为经过四舍五入的keE;If m≤k e E≤m+1, m<n, the fuzzy error value ME is the rounded k e E;
如果keE<-n,则模糊化误差值ME为-n;If k e E<-n, the fuzzy error value ME is -n;
如果keE>n,则模糊化误差值ME为n;If k e E > n, then the fuzzy error value ME is n;
如果m≤kecE≤m+1,m<n,则模糊化误差变化值MEC为经过四舍五入的kecE;If m≤k ec E≤m+1, m<n, the fuzzy error change value MEC is the rounded k ec E;
如果kecE<-n,则模糊化误差变化值MEC为-n;If k ec E<-n, the fuzzy error change value MEC is -n;
如果kecE>n,则模糊化误差变化值MEC为n。If k ec E>n, the blurring error change value MEC is n.
进一步的说,知识库包括数据库以及规则库,Furthermore, the knowledge base includes a database and a rule base,
数据库中存放输入、输出变量的模糊隶属度矢量值,此矢量值是输入、输出量经过对应论域等离散化后所对应值的集合,所对应论域若是连续的,则可作为为隶属度函数,对于输入的模糊变量,隶属度函数保存于数据库中,在模糊推理关系中向推理机提供数据。The fuzzy membership degree vector value of the input and output variables is stored in the database. This vector value is a set of corresponding values after the input and output quantities are discretized by the corresponding domain of discourse. If the corresponding domain of discourse is continuous, it can be used as the degree of membership Function, for the input fuzzy variables, the membership function is stored in the database, and provides data to the inference engine in the fuzzy inference relationship.
规则库中存储有模糊规则,模糊规则是操作人员长期积累的经验并结合专家知识的基础上形成的,由相关的逻辑关系的词汇来表达,例如if-then、else、end、and、or等。There are fuzzy rules stored in the rule base. Fuzzy rules are formed on the basis of long-term accumulated experience of operators combined with expert knowledge, and are expressed by related logical vocabulary, such as if-then, else, end, and, or, etc. .
通过模糊控制可以自动有效实现电机负载的迅速设定,减少了人工设定的反复修改带来的效率上浪费以及精度的不准确。The rapid setting of the motor load can be automatically and effectively realized through fuzzy control, which reduces the waste of efficiency and inaccurate accuracy caused by repeated revisions of manual settings.
以上所述实施方式仅表达了本发明的一种实施方式,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明范围的限制。应当指出,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The above-mentioned embodiment is only an embodiment of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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