CN106093699A - The replay method of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform - Google Patents

The replay method of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106093699A
CN106093699A CN201610369477.6A CN201610369477A CN106093699A CN 106093699 A CN106093699 A CN 106093699A CN 201610369477 A CN201610369477 A CN 201610369477A CN 106093699 A CN106093699 A CN 106093699A
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waveform
point
frequency
transmission line
fault
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CN106093699B (en
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刘亚东
胡琛临
梁函卿
盛戈皞
江秀臣
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088Aspects of digital computing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

Abstract

The invention discloses the replay method of a kind of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform, transmission line of electricity is installed fault traveling wave detection device, the current in the fault point row ripple detected according to its kind 2, first pass through method of least square to set up based on frequency according to the object function of model, be finally inversed by the distributed constant of this section of transmission line of electricity by intelligent search algorithm particle cluster algorithm.Carry out inverting by the test point waveform of section other to same circuit and carry out the correctness of this distributed constant of contrast verification with true detection waveform, the fault current traveling-wave waveform of any unknown point of may finally being out of order on circuit by this inversion method exact inversion.Absolute error of the present invention is less than 3 μ s, and relative error is less than 6%.

Description

The replay method of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform
Technical field
The present invention relates to transmission line malfunction testing techniques of equipment field, specifically a kind of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave The replay method of waveform.
Background technology
Transmission line of electricity is the equipment the most easily broken down in power system, and fault localization and fault for transmission line of electricity are fixed Position, scholar has carried out many research.For the fault of transmission line of electricity, the most passively increase its defence capability to reduce transmission of electricity The probability of line failure.And when actual track local flow improvement engineer applied, owing to shortage fault data is as support, make Obtain retrofit work cannot accomplish with a definite target in view, thus waste the investment of substantial amounts of manpower and materials.If the evolution of fault can be recurred, Realize transmission line malfunction whole status of processes sight visual, the circuit in transmission line malfunction analysis, diagnosis, later stage is defendd The aspects such as the formulation of scheme and failure accident manoeuvre have major and immediate significance.
For uniline, if it is uniform, unified to set this section of transmission line of electricity, the resistance of its unit length, inductance, electric capacity and electricity Leading respectively R, L, G, C, transmission line of electricity takes the circuit that a segment length is dx, this circuit propagation equation in frequency domain is:
- d U d x = ( R + j ω L ) I - d I d x = ( G + j ω C ) U - - - ( 1 )
The solution of formula (1) may finally be written as form:
U x = A 1 e - λ x + A 2 e λ x I x = A 1 e - λ x / Z c - A 2 e λ x / Z c - - - ( 2 )
Wherein,For line propagation coefficient, x is propagation distance, ZcFor natural impedance. A1、A2For the integral constant determined by boundary condition.
For single fault traveling wave, if being not required to the anti-row ripple considering to propagate along x opposite direction, formula (2) can be written as:
U x * = A 1 * e - λ * x I x * = A 1 * e - λ * x / Z c * - - - ( 3 )
Can be obtained by formula (3), on circuit at a distance of for the 2: 1 and 2 of x, current wave between them and voltage wave just like Lower relation
U x 2 = U x 1 e - λ ( x 2 - x 1 ) = U x 1 e - λ x I x 2 = I x 1 e - λ ( x 2 - x 1 ) = I x 1 e - λ x - - - ( 4 )
By formula (4) it can be seen that ripple is closely related with its frequency in the propagation of single phase homogeneous transmission line of electricity, and along with propagation The increase of distance x, voltage, electric current are gradually decayed.Note H=e-λxThe transmission function propagated along the line for transmission line of electricity frequency domain, then should Propagation model is referred to as transmission line of electricity frequency according to function model.
And for three phase line, the three alternate coupled relations that exist, three independences need to be become by phase-model transformation Component, in order to analyze.
For on circuit at a distance of for the 2: 1 and 2 of d, (4) formula after phase-model transformation, finally give following current traveling wave Waveform relationship
I 2 ( i ) = I 1 ( i ) H ( i ) = I 1 ( i ) e - λ ( i ) d λ ( i ) = ( R ( i ) + jωL ( i ) ) ( G ( i ) + jωC ( i ) ) - - - ( 5 )
Wherein, subscript i (i=0,1,2) represents i mold component.
If wondering the transportation law of transmission line of electricity, four distributed constants in λ must be it is known that and can from formula (5) Arriving, in transmission function, λ has four variablees and the impact that intercouples, and traditional mathematical method solves for this class equation Become unable to do what one wishes, and hardly result in globally optimal solution.Therefore need to use global optimization intelligent algorithm particle cluster algorithm.
Particle cluster algorithm (Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO) is to be existed by Kennedy and Eberhart A kind of based on swarm intelligence the optimized algorithm that nineteen ninety-five proposes, this algorithm develops the food in flock of birds finds its range of activity This behavior.
In particle cluster algorithm, every bird is the most abstract is a particle not having volume not have quality, each particle generation A potential solution of problem by table.The quality of the position at particle place is compared by a fitness function drafted in advance Relatively and accept or reject.Each particle will move in given solution space, and be determined its direction by a speed variables.? In every generation, particle will be followed the trail of two and optimize extreme value, and one is optimal solution pbest that particle itself is only found so far, separately Outer optimal solution gbest being whole colony and being found up to now.Particle often updates a position, just calculates and once adapts to Angle value, then determines new individual extreme value and colony's extreme value according to pbest and gbest of all particles, and updates each The position that position corresponding to pbest is corresponding with colony gbest.
In terms of fault recurrence, the fault recurrence of Chinese scholars more attention location system aspect, such as North China Electric Power University Zhang Dongying relies on model of electrical network, electrical network real time execution, Fault Recorder Information, protection act information and failure process breaker in middle The information such as action first build fault zone and determine suspect device, then actively collect relevant to suspect device according to suspect device Information, comprehensive utilization failure wave-recording result, as middle junction opinion, finally utilizes the method such as evidence theory, positive and negative mixed inference final Determine faulty equipment and failure process is tentatively judged.But the more profits for transmission line malfunction traveling-wave waveform information With there not being fully excavation with data mining.
Summary of the invention
The disappearance of this block technology is recurred in order to solve trouble point information, it is desirable to provide a kind of transmission line malfunction electricity The replay method of popular waveform, the row wave datum detected with fault test point along the line is as foundation, by intelligent algorithm particle The distributed constant that group's algorithm is finally inversed by transmission line of electricity, goes out the row ripple of circuit trouble point in conjunction with transmission line of electricity frequency according to model inversion Waveform.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of replay method of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform, the method comprises the following steps:
Step S1: set multiple fault detecting point on transmission line of electricity successively, for the collection of fault current traveling-wave waveform;
Step S2: distance fault on transmission line of electricity is actually occurred place's homonymy except the another two fault of a nearest test point The waveform of test point carries out card human relations boolean and converts three-phase decoupling;
Step S3: carry out fast Fourier transform after each modulus of row ripple after three-phase decouples is carried out wavelet package transforms, Point frequency band substitutes into circuit frequency according to function model, concrete steps:
Step S3.1: for after N shell wavelet package transforms, two test points are respectively divided into 2NEach frequency in individual frequency range Section waveform, carries out fast Fourier transform and generates respective 2NSection frequency domain data.
Step S3.2: will be close to the frequency domain data of each modulus of test point at that of trouble point be multiplied by circuit according to frequency function H, And the data of the corresponding frequency band of modulus corresponding with another test point do poor Δ d (i), i represents i-th frequency range;
Wherein H=e-λx, x is the distance between two test points,For each frequency Section, f is the mid frequency of this frequency range, and R is resistance, and L is inductance, and G is conductance, and C is electric capacity.
Step S4: each frequency band is carried out as coefficient by the wave type energy accounting of the detection waveform near trouble point Weighted array generates final target optimizing function;
Step S4.1: for N shell wavelet package transforms, the decoupling waveform of the test point pointed out near fault is carried out Ka Lunbu You decouple in conversion.
Step S4.2: each modulus waveform after decoupling is carried out N shell wavelet package transforms and is divided into 2NIndividual frequency range.
Step S4.3: it is exactly set of weights that the wave type energy that the component of each frequency range is had accounts for the percentage ratio of total wave type energy Weight a (i) closed, i represents i-th frequency range;
Step S4.4: the object function after final weighting is as follows:* conjugate transpose is represented.
Step S5: by particle cluster algorithm, target optimizing function is carried out the overall situation and solve, obtains dividing of this section of transmission line of electricity Cloth parameter;
Step S6: the distributed constant obtained is substituted into circuit frequently according to function model, according to known point waveform combined circuit frequency It is finally inversed by unknown point waveform, concrete steps according to parameter model:
S6.1: after obtaining circuit distributed constant in S5, determine circuit frequency according to function model H, wherein H=e-λx, x is The distance of traveling wave, carries out the known point waveform being used for inverting card human relations boolean and converts decoupling and become each modulus waveform;
S6.2: the traveling wave line mould waveform after decoupling three-phase carries out fast Fourier transform, according to unknown point and known point Position relationship and circuit frequency do computing according to function model:
If unknown point is in the downstream of known point, then known point each modulus waveform is multiplied by circuit frequency according to function model H;
If unknown point is in the middle of known point and line fault point, then known point each modulus waveform divided by circuit frequency according to Function Modules Type H;
S6.3: according to the line mould waveform of unknown point after computing, in conjunction with fault type boundary condition, pushes away to obtain zero mould of unknown point Waveform;
S6.4: carry out card human relations boolean's inverse transformation according to each modulus waveform of unknown point and obtain the three-phase fault electric current of unknown point Traveling-wave waveform.
Distributed constant inversion principle is to measure based on the row ripple making row wave loops model theory push away and observation to obtain The residual error of actual waveform minimizes and carries out object function optimizing, and the present invention is used is least square object function:
Q=Δ d Δ d* (6)
Δ d=d in formulacal-dobs, dcalBe current TRANSFER MODEL corresponding just drill data, dobsIt it is the number that arrives of actual measurement According to, * represents conjugate transpose.
And the current traveling wave waveform of analysis of the present invention is a high frequency transient signal, during for its detail extraction we Use wavelet package transforms and signal has been carried out frequency-division section process, thus ideal function has been by the component institute group of each frequency band Closing formation, form is as follows:
Q = Σ i = 1 n a ( i ) · Δ d · Δd * - - - ( 7 )
The weight coefficient of i-th section after a (i) represents (n-1)th layer of wavelet package transforms in formula, by the energy of each frequency range of waveform The percentage ratio accounting for gross energy determines;D is the Wave data after the decoupling of card human relations boolean's three-phase fast Fourier transform.
By the object function intelligent algorithm particle cluster algorithm in (7) formula is carried out global optimizing, obtain on circuit two Each modulus distributed constant of circuit between individual test point.
Obtaining on circuit after the distributed constant of each modulus, transfer function H is just it has been determined that such that it is able to according to known inspection The waveform combination frequency of measuring point calculates other waveforms put the true detection waveform with this point on circuit according to model H and compares, Verify the correctness of inverted parameters and the feasibility of waveform inversion method.
The present invention utilizes row ripple frequency in transmission line of electricity to build the inverse model of fault current waveform according to propagation characteristic, logical Crossing and ask for circuit distributed constant and the inverting of fault current traveling-wave waveform, technique effect is as follows:
1) by building the inverse model of fault current traveling-wave waveform, set in conjunction with wavelet package transforms and fast Fourier transform Vertical least square object function, and by intelligent search algorithm particle cluster algorithm global optimizing, can be efficiently and accurately according to two Individual test point waveform obtains the distributed constant on transmission line of electricity.
2) first seek circuit distributed constant, the unknown can be gone out according to the waveform exact inversion of known point in conjunction with row wave loops model The waveform of point.
3) the row ripple of each point on circuit can be accurately obtained, utilize traveling wave fault information for the later stage comprehensively, carry out accident analysis Do technical support.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is transmission line of electricity pscad model schematic
Fig. 2 is test point 1,2,3 current traveling wave waveform
Fig. 3 is each modulus oscillogram for parametric inversion
Fig. 4 is the current traveling wave comparison of wave shape figure of test point 1
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provide presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and be described in detail.
PSCAD sets up such as the model of power transmission system of Fig. 1.Circuit uses frequency according to model, and F is lightning failure point, in event Barrier point 20km along the line, 40km and 70km set up three test points, successively for the collection of fault current traveling-wave waveform.Transmission line of electricity The model that shaft tower is actual shaft tower ZB1.
Circuit was struck by lightning at a F when 0.2 second, is simulated with the pulse signal of a high frequency, produces in pscad The raw transient current travelling waves propagated along the line, the current traveling wave ripple after detected downstream point 1,2,3 detects decay and distortion respectively Shape is as in figure 2 it is shown, the sample frequency of traveling-wave waveform takes 1MHz.
As seen from Figure 2, after F point breaks down, test point 1,2, first current traveling wave waveform wave head of 3 and ripple The big portion of tail is the most intact, but owing to circuit row ripple exists catadioptric, therefore the single completed wave obtaining first ripple cannot be obtained Shape.So that inverting is more accurate, intends herein clipping first wave head and second wave head lap, and it is carried out card human relations Boolean converts three-phase decoupling, and each modulus waveform after decoupling is as shown in Figure 3
The each modulus of row ripple after three-phase decouples being carried out 5 layers of wavelet package transforms and is divided into 32 frequency ranges, row of going forward side by side carries out fast Speed Fourier transformation, point frequency band substitutes into circuit frequency according to function model H.
To the wave type energy accounting conduct by the detection waveform (being test point 2) near trouble point herein of each frequency band The target optimizing function that coefficient is weighted combination producing final is as follows:
Q = Σ i = 1 32 a ( i ) · Δ d ( i ) · Δ d ( i ) *
By particle cluster algorithm, target optimizing function is carried out the overall situation to solve, obtain each modulus distribution of this section of transmission line of electricity Parameter is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 test point 2, the distributed constant between 3
For the effect of waveform inversion, the present invention is evaluated with following 5 aspects.
1) wave head initial time ts
2) the wave head rise timeThe i.e. amplitude at ripple rises to 0.9 times of institute from the 0.1 of maximum amplitude times Time.
3) fault traveling wave peak Im
4) the position t of peak valuem
5) half-wave length thm=th-ts.Wherein thFor amplitude increase to the highest drop to half again time moment.
By the comparative evaluation of above 5 aspects, each side characteristic of the omnibearing reflected waveform of energy.
Owing to the inverting of zero _exit is restricted by each side, can not accurately inverting, therefore the present invention abandons zero The inverting of mould, then by zero mould during different faults type and the boundary condition of line mould, the inversion result of joint line mould obtains zero Mold component.This example fault type is A phase ground connection, can be in the hope of circuit inverting zero _exit by boundary condition and phase mould relation. Each modulus waveform is carried out card human relations boolean's inverse transformation again and obtains three-phase current comparison of wave shape figure as shown in Figure 4.
Data in Fig. 4 first wave head, 5 appraisement systems of the present invention are evaluated as follows:
1) wave head initial time ts.Three-phase inverting waveform and detection waveform absolute error are respectively A phase 1 μ s, B phase 0 μ s, C 1 μ s mutually.
2) the wave head rise timeThe relative error of A, B, C three-phase is respectively 2.954%, and 4.091%, 2.778%.
3) fault traveling wave peak Im.The relative error of A, B, C three-phase is respectively 0.568%, and 0.468%, 4.998%.
4) the position t of peak valuem.The absolute error of A, B, C three-phase 3 μ s, 1 μ s, 1 μ s respectively.
5) half-wave length thm=th-ts.The relative error of A, B, C three-phase is respectively 0.669%, and 2.857%, 4.111%.
Through a large amount of simulation results shows, this fault current traveling-wave waveform inversion method is to five evaluation index absolute errors Less than 3 μ s, relative error is less than 6%.
It should be noted that the listed above specific embodiment being only the present invention, it is clear that the invention is not restricted to above enforcement Example, has the similar change of many therewith.If those skilled in the art directly derives from present disclosure or joins The all deformation expected, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. the replay method of a transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform, it is characterised in that the method comprises the following steps:
Step S1: set multiple fault detecting point on transmission line of electricity successively, for the collection of fault current traveling-wave waveform;
Step S2: distance fault on transmission line of electricity is actually occurred place's homonymy except the another two fault detect of a nearest test point The waveform of point carries out card human relations boolean and converts three-phase decoupling;
Step S3: carry out fast Fourier transform after each modulus of row ripple after three-phase decouples is carried out wavelet package transforms, frequency dividing Rate section substitutes into circuit frequency according to function model;
Step S4: each frequency band is weighted as coefficient by the wave type energy accounting of the detection waveform near trouble point The target optimizing function that combination producing is final;
Step S5: by particle cluster algorithm, target optimizing function is carried out the overall situation and solve, obtains the distribution ginseng of this section of transmission line of electricity Number;
Step S6: the distributed constant obtained is substituted into circuit frequently according to function model, according to known point waveform combined circuit frequency according to ginseng Digital-to-analogue type is finally inversed by unknown point waveform.
The replay method of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described In step S3, point frequency band substitutes into circuit frequently according to the concrete steps of function model:
Step S3.1: for after N shell wavelet package transforms, two test points are respectively divided into 2NEach frequency range ripple in individual frequency range Shape, carries out fast Fourier transform and generates respective 2NSection frequency domain data;
Step S3.2: will be close to the frequency domain data of each modulus of test point at that of trouble point be multiplied by circuit according to frequency function H, and with The data of the corresponding frequency band of another test point correspondence modulus do poor Δ d (i), and i represents i-th frequency range;
Wherein H=e-λx, x is the distance between two test points,For each frequency range, f For the mid frequency of this frequency range, R is resistance, and L is inductance, and G is conductance, and C is electric capacity.
The replay method of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described The concrete steps of weighted array in step S4:
Step S4.1: for N shell wavelet package transforms, the decoupling waveform of the test point pointed out near fault is carried out card human relations boolean change Change decoupling;
Step S4.2: each modulus waveform after decoupling is carried out N shell wavelet package transforms and is divided into 2NIndividual frequency range.
Step S4.3: it is exactly weighted array that the wave type energy that the component of each frequency range is had accounts for the percentage ratio of total wave type energy Weight a (i), i represents i-th frequency range;
Step S4.4: the object function after final weighting is as follows:* conjugate transpose is represented.
The method of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step The concrete steps of inverting unknown point waveform in S6:
S6.1: after obtaining circuit distributed constant in S5, determine circuit frequency according to function model H, wherein H=e-λx, x is row ripple The distance of transmission, carries out the known point waveform being used for inverting card human relations boolean and converts decoupling and become each modulus waveform;
S6.2: the traveling wave line mould waveform after decoupling three-phase carries out fast Fourier transform, according to the position of unknown point Yu known point Put relation and circuit frequency and do computing according to function model:
If unknown point is in the downstream of known point, then known point each modulus waveform is multiplied by circuit frequency according to function model H;
If unknown point is in the middle of known point and line fault point, then known point each modulus waveform divided by circuit frequency according to function model H;
S6.3: according to the line mould waveform of unknown point after computing, in conjunction with fault type boundary condition, pushes away to obtain zero mould ripple of unknown point Shape;
S6.4: carry out card human relations boolean's inverse transformation according to each modulus waveform of unknown point and obtain the three-phase fault current traveling wave of unknown point Waveform.
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