CN106080219A - 锂电池电动巡逻车 - Google Patents

锂电池电动巡逻车 Download PDF

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CN106080219A
CN106080219A CN201610595619.0A CN201610595619A CN106080219A CN 106080219 A CN106080219 A CN 106080219A CN 201610595619 A CN201610595619 A CN 201610595619A CN 106080219 A CN106080219 A CN 106080219A
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lithium
battery
lithium battery
cruiser
electric
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李伟东
李名涛
彭群英
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County Hung Kai Industrial Co.,Ltd.
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Fenyi Luyuan Vehicle Sales Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60L8/003—Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0036—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/027—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种锂电池电动巡逻车，所述巡逻车包括车轮，车轮上方安装有底盘，底盘上安装有顶盖总成，所述底盘上设置有方向总成和油门、刹车装置、充电装置、电池管理系统、整流稳压装置，所述底盘上设置有两排座椅，两排座椅底部安装有锂电池组。所述两排座椅内均设有电源仓，锂电池组设置电源仓内固定，所述锂电池组包括4个锂电池，所述电源仓设有4个与4个锂电池一一对应的放电公头，所述放电公头与锂电池直接设有开关。对锂电池单元运行状态进行动态监控，精确测量锂电池的剩余电量，同时对锂电池进行充放电保护，使锂电池工作在最佳状态，达到延长锂电池使用寿命、降低运行成本。

Description

锂电池电动巡逻车
技术领域
本发明属于巡逻车技术领域，涉及锂电池巡逻车，具体涉及一种锂电池电动巡逻车。
背景技术
随着经济和社会的发展，人员的出行和流动越来越频繁，在公众场合建立起一个高效、安全、亲民的巡防系统，增加了公众场合巡查的密度，为人们的安全出行提供了保障。电动巡逻车以其自身的轻巧、便捷、无污染等优点被应用到车站、校园、社区等公众场合巡逻，但电动巡逻车以电瓶充电、供电为动力源，充电时间长、供电有限、消耗较快、电能不能及时的得到补充，续航里程较短。
发明内容
根据以上现有技术的不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提出一种锂电池电动巡逻车，通过采用锂电池，具有环保等方面优点。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种锂电池电动巡逻车，所述巡逻车包括车轮，车轮上方安装有底盘，底盘上安装有顶盖总成，所述底盘上设置有方向总成和油门、刹车装置、充电装置、电池管理系统、整流稳压装置，所述底盘上设置有两排座椅，两排座椅底部安装有锂电池组。所述两排座椅内均设有电源仓，锂电池组设置电源仓内固定，所述锂电池组包括4个锂电池，所述电源仓设有4个与4个锂电池一一对应的放电公头，所述放电公头与锂电池直接设有开关。所述电池管理系统包括电池电压采样模块、电池故障判断模块、控制模块和信息存储模块，所述电池电压采样模块、电池故障判断模块、信息存储模块分别控制模块连接。所述电池管理模块包括电量显示板，所述电量显示板分别显示每个锂电池电量和状态，所述电池故障判断模块检测每个锂电池状态，控制模块与开关连接。所述两排座椅的后排座椅内的2个锂电池为备用电压，电池管理系统通过开关控制备用电池。所述整流稳压装置包括驱动芯片LM7812和驱动芯片LM7805，电源系统经驱动芯片LM7812连接电动机，经驱动芯片LM7805连接电池管理系统。所述顶盖总成顶部设有太阳能电池板，所述底盘上设有电源控制器，所述电源控制器与电池管理系统连接。所述的电源控制器包括充电电路、放电电路、检测电路和ATmega128芯片，充电电路、放电电路、检测电路依次与ATmega128芯片连接，充电电路连接着太阳能电池板和锂电池，放电电路分别连接锂电池、检测电路连接蓄电池和太阳能电池板。
本发明有益效果是:本发明将锂电池应用到巡逻车中，对锂电池单元运行状态进行动态监控，精确测量锂电池的剩余电量，同时对锂电池进行充放电保护，使锂电池工作在最佳状态，达到延长锂电池使用寿命、降低运行成本，同时采用太阳能技术，进一步提高巡逻车的运行时间。
附图说明
下面对本说明书附图所表达的内容及图中的标记作简要说明：
图1是本发明的具体实施方式的系统结构图。
具体实施方式
下面对照附图，通过对实施例的描述，本发明的具体实施方式如所涉及的各构件的形状、构造、各部分之间的相互位置及连接关系、各部分的作用及工作原理、制造工艺及操作使用方法等，作进一步详细的说明，以帮助本领域技术人员对本发明的发明构思、技术方案有更完整、准确和深入的理解。
一种锂电池电动巡逻车，所述巡逻车包括车轮，车轮上方安装有底盘，底盘上安装有顶盖总成，所述底盘上设置有方向总成和油门、刹车装置、充电装置、电池管理系统、整流稳压装置，所述底盘上设置有两排座椅，前排座椅和后排座椅，两排座椅底部均安装有锂电池组。
所述两排座椅内均设有电源仓，锂电池组设置电源仓内固定，电池仓内设有隔板，每个隔板间隙用于放置1个锂电池，所述锂电池组包括4个锂电池，所述电源仓设有4个与4个锂电池一一对应的放电公头，所述放电公头与锂电池之间设有开关，实现电池管理系统对每个锂电池能独立控制。
所述电池管理系统包括电池电压采样模块、电池故障判断模块、控制模块和信息存储模块，所述电池电压采样模块、电池故障判断模块、信息存储模块分别控制模块连接。电池电压采样模块用于锂电池单体电压的采样、电池组的总电压采样，监控电池的实时状态，防止电池单体过充或者过放，用电池组总电压和采集到的电池单体电压之和作比较，确保电池单体电压采样通道完好，保证电池单体电压实时检测。
所述电池管理模块包括电量显示板，所述电量显示板分别显示每个锂电池电量和状态，电量显示板和控制模块连接，控制模块将电池的相关信息通过电量显示板显示，所述电池故障判断模块检测每个锂电池状态，控制模块与开关连接，电池故障判断模块根据每个锂电池的状态，判断每个锂电池是否开启或者关闭，如果再关闭的情况下，是否需要开启备用电源。
所述两排座椅的后排座椅内的2个锂电池为备用电池，电池管理系统通过开关控制备用电池，备用电池在锂电池出现问题时打开，或者在其他锂电池电量用完时，进入投入使用。通过能量转移技术，将单体电池达到均衡启动点后，利用高频开关方式将能量专递到下一个电池，可以减少均衡启动后的发热量，提高均衡作用。
所述整流稳压装置包括驱动芯片LM7812和驱动芯片LM7805，电源系统经驱动芯片LM7812连接电动机，经驱动芯片LM7805连接电池管理系统。
所述顶盖总成顶部设有太阳能电池板，所述底盘上设有电源控制器，所述电源控制器与电池管理系统连接。所述的电源控制器包括充电电路、放电电路、检测电路和ATmega128芯片，充电电路、放电电路、检测电路依次与ATmega128芯片连接，充电电路连接着太阳能电池板和锂电池，放电电路分别连接锂电池、检测电路连接蓄电池和太阳能电池板。
将太阳能电池板安装在电动巡逻车顶端，通过太阳能供电方式解决了电动巡逻车电能消耗快、得不到及时补充的问题。并选择适当功率的太阳能电板、合适容量的蓄电池并配以低功耗的设备，对于保证系统可靠运行，为减轻前期施工安装、后期检修维护的工作量起到关键作用。
电源控制器的核心芯片可以是单片机或DSP，在此使用的是由ATMEL公司研发推出的AVR系列单片机，该款型号是ATmega128它是采用精简指令集的高速8位单片机，有两路8位PWM，6路分辨率可编程(1到16位)的PWM，8路10位ADC，它是工业级芯片，能够在恶劣的环境条件下可靠的工作；电源控制器由充电电路、放电电路、检测电路组成，它们依次与ATmega128芯片连接，充电电路连接着太阳能电池板和蓄电池，放电电路分别连接蓄电池组、监控系统和避障系统，检测电路连接蓄电池组和太阳能电池板。太阳能电池板将光能转化为电能，该电能经电源控制器输送给监控系统和避障系统，多余的电能在充电电路的作用下储存在蓄电池组中；当检测电路检测到太阳能电池板转化的电能过低或在夜晚无太阳光时，此时通过放电电路蓄电池组给监控系统和避障系统供电；当该巡逻车停下不工作时，太阳能电池板将转化的电能经充电电路储存在蓄电池组中。
若遇到连续的阴雨天，蓄电池组中的电能不能及时有效的得到补充，为了不影响巡逻车的日常工作，此时可以通过外接的充电插头，直接利用220V的交流市电，该市电经过整流充电电路的调整，变换为蓄电池组所需的直流充电电压，给蓄电池组进行充电，保障巡逻车的续航里程和日常工作不受影响。
上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性描述，显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制，只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性的改进，或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。

Claims (8)

1.一种锂电池电动巡逻车，其特征在于：所述巡逻车包括车轮，车轮上方安装有底盘，底盘上安装有顶盖总成，所述底盘上设置有方向总成和油门、刹车装置、充电装置、电池管理系统、整流稳压装置，所述底盘上设置有两排座椅，两排座椅底部安装有锂电池组。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锂电池电动巡逻车，其特征在于：所述两排座椅内均设有电源仓，锂电池组设置电源仓内固定，所述锂电池组包括4个锂电池，所述电源仓设有4个与4个锂电池一一对应的放电公头，所述放电公头与锂电池之间设有开关。
3.根据权利要求2所述的锂电池电动巡逻车，其特征在于：所述电池管理系统包括电池电压采样模块、电池故障判断模块、控制模块和信息存储模块，所述电池电压采样模块、电池故障判断模块、信息存储模块分别控制模块连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的锂电池电动巡逻车，其特征在于：所述电池管理模块包括电量显示板，所述电量显示板分别显示每个锂电池电量和状态，所述电池故障判断模块检测每个锂电池状态，控制模块与开关连接。
5.根据权利要求2所述的锂电池电动巡逻车，其特征在于：所述两排座椅的后排座椅内的2个锂电池为备用电池，电池管理系统通过开关控制备用电池。
6.根据权利要求1所述的锂电池电动巡逻车，其特征在于：所述整流稳压装置包括驱动芯片LM7812和驱动芯片LM7805，电源系统经驱动芯片LM7812连接电动机，经驱动芯片LM7805连接电池管理系统。
7.根据权利要求1所述的锂电池电动巡逻车，其特征在于：所述顶盖总成顶部设有太阳能电池板，所述底盘上设有电源控制器，所述电源控制器与电池管理系统连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的锂电池电动巡逻车，其特征在于，所述的电源控制器包括充电电路、放电电路、检测电路和ATmega128芯片，充电电路、放电电路、检测电路依次与ATmega128芯片连接，充电电路连接着太阳能电池板和锂电池，放电电路分别连接锂电池、检测电路连接蓄电池和太阳能电池板。
CN201610595619.0A 2016-07-27 2016-07-27 锂电池电动巡逻车 Pending CN106080219A (zh)

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