Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for corona-induced water vapor condensation and an implementation method thereof, which can not only artificially induce water vapor condensation under experimental conditions, but also provide a new technical means for outdoor artificial rainfall, can generate corona wind and effective condensation nucleus capable of promoting water vapor condensation according to corona discharge found in a laboratory, and can explain the phenomenon of rainfall increase in the thunderstorm process in the nature.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a corona-induced moisture condensation device comprising: the high-voltage laser comprises a high-voltage power supply, a semiconductor laser, a first focusing lens, a second focusing lens and a cylindrical lens which are sequentially arranged along the direction of an output light path of the semiconductor laser, a digital camera, a diffusion cloud chamber, an insulating plastic base and a conical copper electrode, wherein the insulating plastic base and the conical copper electrode are arranged in the diffusion cloud chamber;
the bottom of the diffusion cloud chamber is provided with a refrigerating device, a metal refrigerating chassis covers the refrigerating device, the metal refrigerating chassis is grounded, and a toughened glass cover is buckled above the metal refrigerating chassis;
the toughened glass cover is of a cubic structure with an open bottom surface, a top surface and four side surfaces, wherein the bottom surface and the four side surfaces are made of toughened glass, the central positions below the three side surfaces are all provided with light through holes, the light through holes are respectively sealed by a first quartz window sheet, a second quartz window sheet and a third quartz window sheet, the first quartz window sheet and the second quartz window sheet are oppositely arranged on a main light path of the semiconductor laser, the digital camera is placed outside the third quartz window sheet and observes lateral scattered light through the quartz window sheets, the fourth side surface of the toughened glass cover is provided with an open cable through hole, and heat insulation sponge layers are adhered on the top surface and the four side surfaces of the toughened glass cover;
a return-shaped water tank is arranged in the toughened glass cover and above the metal refrigeration chassis, a resistance wire is arranged in the water tank, and when the diffusion cloud chamber is opened, the resistance wire heats water in the water tank to generate steam;
the conical copper electrode is fixed on the metal refrigeration chassis through the insulating plastic base and is connected with a high-voltage power supply through a high-voltage cable via a cable through hole;
the focal lengths of the first focusing lens and the second focusing lens are respectively f1 and f2, the second focusing lens is positioned behind the first focusing lens (f1+ f2), and the first focusing lens and the second focusing lens form a laser beam expanding system.
In the diffusion cloud chamber, the size of the metal refrigeration chassis is (40cm x 40cm), the material is stainless steel material, and the glass cover is of a cubic structure (50cm x 50cm x 20 cm);
the cylindrical lens is used for converging the circular light spot to a longitudinal plane, the used laser wavelength is 532nm, when laser entering the diffusion cloud chamber meets particles, scattering can occur towards the side direction, monitoring is carried out through a digital camera, and information such as the size and the movement speed of the particles can be analyzed.
A method of implementing a corona-induced moisture condensation apparatus, comprising the steps of:
(1) opening a semiconductor laser, adjusting laser output parameters, leading output laser to pass through the laser beam expanding system, amplifying the size of a light spot, then leading the amplified laser to enter a diffusion cloud chamber through the cylindrical lens and a first quartz window sheet on a glass cover, leading the laser to be converged into a longitudinal plane at the focus of the cylindrical lens, and then leading the laser to exit the diffusion cloud chamber through a second quartz window sheet;
(2) preparing two collecting devices with the same specification, numbering a and b, turning on a cloud chamber refrigeration switch, setting the working temperature to be 30-60 ℃ below zero, and refrigerating for N minutes;
(3) monitoring the internal state of the cloud chamber in the refrigeration process through a third quartz window by using a digital camera;
(4) closing a diffusion cloud chamber refrigeration switch, collecting snow on a cold plate by using a collecting device a, and weighing to obtain the total weight m;
(5) after the metal refrigeration chassis is naturally restored to the room temperature, the insulating plastic base is fixed at the central position of the metal refrigeration chassis, a conical copper electrode is horizontally arranged on the insulating plastic base, the electrode is connected with a high-voltage power supply through a cable, the height of the tip of the electrode from the chassis is adjusted to a set height, and a glass cover is covered;
(6) opening the semiconductor laser, enabling the output laser to sequentially pass through the first focusing lens, the second focusing lens, the cylindrical lens and the first quartz window sheet and to be shot into the diffusion cloud chamber, converging the laser into a longitudinal plane at the focus of the cylindrical lens, enabling the longitudinal plane to be overlapped with a vertical plane in front of the tip of the conical copper electrode, and finally shooting the laser out of the cloud chamber through the second quartz window sheet;
(7) opening a diffusion cloud chamber refrigeration switch, setting the working temperature to be minus 30-60 ℃, and refrigerating the cloud chamber for (N/2) minutes;
(8) after N/2 minutes, turning on a high-voltage power supply, and adjusting the voltage to a proper value, so that the inner conical copper electrode of the diffusion cloud chamber generates corona discharge, the breakdown does not occur between the electrode and the metal refrigeration chassis, the corona discharge lasts for N/2 minutes, and the refrigeration of the diffusion cloud chamber is kept during the corona discharge;
(9) monitoring the cloud state near the corona discharge area inside the cloud chamber outside the third quartz window by using a digital camera;
(10) after N/2 minutes, respectively closing the high-voltage switch and the power switch, collecting the snow on the cold plate by using a collecting device b, and weighing to obtain the total weight M;
(11) comparing the results shot by a digital camera in the background experiment and the corona-induced water vapor experiment process with the snow amount M and M generated in the two experiments, and analyzing the contribution of corona discharge to the generated snow amount as (M-M);
(12) the height difference between the tip of the electrode and the metal refrigeration chassis and the set high voltage value on the copper electrode can be changed, the steps (5) - (11) are repeated, and the real-time monitoring, snow generation analysis and the like are carried out on the process of water vapor condensation and settlement induced by the corona discharge point.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1) through the mode of corona discharge induction vapor condensation in the laboratory, can provide theoretical support for developing corona discharge induction atmospheric precipitation outdoors, be applicable to implementing artificial rainfall.
2) The device and the light path are simple, the experimental result is accurate, and the implementation cost is low.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention:
referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a corona-induced moisture condensation apparatus according to the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, laser light with a wavelength of 532nm output by the semiconductor laser 2 firstly passes through a laser beam expanding system composed of a first focusing lens 3 and a second focusing lens 4, the focal lengths of the first focusing lens and the second focusing lens in this embodiment are respectively 15cm and 30cm, after passing through the beam expanding system, the laser light passes through a vertically placed cylindrical lens 5, the incident laser light is converged on a longitudinal plane, and is incident into a cloud chamber from a first quartz window 6, the plane just passes through the tip of a conical copper electrode 8, and then is emitted through a second quartz window 14, and a digital camera 13 shoots at a position perpendicular to the propagation direction of a light path.
Referring to fig. 1, the main body of the large diffusion cloud chamber 11 is composed of two parts, the first part is a metal refrigeration chassis 15, the second part is an upper 'return' water tank 16 and a toughened glass cover, and a first quartz window sheet 6, a second quartz window sheet 14, a third quartz window sheet 12 and a cable through hole 10 are sequentially arranged on four sides of the glass cover;
when the refrigerator works, the temperature of the metal refrigeration chassis 15 is reduced to the set working temperature due to the refrigeration effect of the refrigerator, so that a temperature gradient is formed in the cloud chamber from top to bottom, and the 'return' shaped water tank 16 is heated, so that necessary steam conditions can be provided for the cloud chamber.
When the high-voltage power supply 1 is turned on, the set voltage is direct current positive high voltage, so the polarity of the electrode is positive, the metal refrigeration chassis 15 is grounded, so the electrode is regarded as a negative electrode, when the high-voltage condition is met, positive corona discharge occurs on the positive electrode, and the height of the tip of the conical electrode from the chassis is adjustable.
By adjusting the output voltage value of the high-voltage power supply, the effects of corona-induced water vapor condensation of different voltage values under the condition of the same electrode spacing can be compared and analyzed by 0KV, 5KV, 10KV, 15KV, 20KV, 25KV and the like.
By adjusting the distance between the electrodes, the difference of the influence of the electrode distance on the corona-induced water vapor condensation under the same high-voltage condition can be analyzed in comparison with 2cm, 3cm, 5cm, 7cm, 10cm and the like.
Experiments show that the experiment of water vapor condensation induced by corona has simpler experimental device and experimental method, and the corona discharge is used as a new means, so that the artificial rainfall process can be induced, and a possible new technology is provided for future application.