CN106069420B - Device for corona-induced water vapor condensation and implementation method thereof - Google Patents

Device for corona-induced water vapor condensation and implementation method thereof Download PDF

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CN106069420B
CN106069420B CN201610420897.2A CN201610420897A CN106069420B CN 106069420 B CN106069420 B CN 106069420B CN 201610420897 A CN201610420897 A CN 201610420897A CN 106069420 B CN106069420 B CN 106069420B
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cloud chamber
laser
focusing lens
corona
quartz window
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CN106069420A (en
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杜盛喆
鞠晶晶
王铁军
李儒新
孙海轶
刘尧香
陈娜
朱忠彬
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G15/00Devices or methods for influencing weather conditions

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Abstract

一种电晕诱导水汽凝结的装置及其实施方法,包括:扩散云室、高压电源、绝缘塑料底座、锥形铜电极、数码相机。本发明利用在扩散云室内触发直流正电晕放电,在高湿低温云雾条件下诱导水汽凝结和沉降的产生。本发明的特点在于利用常见的电晕放电作为一种新的技术手段,通过持续产生高密度等离子体团,以及高压电场下电晕放电产生的离子风驱动的周围气流的涡流运动等,能够在实验室扩散云室条件下诱导水汽凝结和沉降的产生,从而为人工影响天气提供一种新的可能性。

Figure 201610420897

A corona-induced water vapor condensation device and an implementation method thereof, comprising: a diffusion cloud chamber, a high-voltage power supply, an insulating plastic base, a conical copper electrode, and a digital camera. The invention utilizes the direct current positive corona discharge triggered in the diffusion cloud chamber to induce the generation of water vapor condensation and sedimentation under the conditions of high humidity and low temperature cloud and fog. The present invention is characterized by using common corona discharge as a new technical means, through continuous generation of high-density plasma clusters, and the eddy current movement of surrounding airflow driven by ion wind generated by corona discharge under high-voltage electric field, etc. Induction of water vapor condensation and deposition under laboratory diffuse cloud chamber conditions provides a new possibility for weather modification.

Figure 201610420897

Description

Device for corona-induced water vapor condensation and implementation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of artificially induced rainfall and high-voltage discharge, and the principle of the invention is that high-voltage corona discharge can generate stronger airflow, commonly called corona wind, and the corona wind can promote the mixing of cold and hot gases in a cloud chamber, so that water vapor in part of air meets the supersaturation condition, thereby achieving the purpose of inducing the condensation of water vapor; meanwhile, plasma can be generated in the corona discharge process, and contributes to the water vapor condensation process; in addition, condensation nuclei such as nitric acid can be generated in the corona discharge process, and the water vapor condensation process can be promoted.
Background
The weather modification means that physical and chemical processes of local atmosphere are artificially modified by scientific and technological means under appropriate conditions to achieve activities such as rain and snow enhancement, hail prevention, rain and fog elimination, frost prevention and the like in order to avoid or reduce meteorological disasters and reasonably utilize climate resources.
Corona discharge is a local self-sustaining discharge of a gaseous medium in a non-uniform electric field, one of the most common forms of gas discharge. In the vicinity of the tip electrode having a small radius of curvature, the gas is ionized and excited due to the local electric field strength exceeding the ionization field strength of the gas, and thus corona discharge occurs, and blue-violet bright light is seen around the electrode at the time of corona generation, accompanied by a hissing sound.
During the positive corona discharge, in the ionization region, electrons generated by ionization drift toward the electrode and are sucked into the electrode, and positive ion clusters drift toward the negative end, and neutral gas molecules in the air are driven to flow during the movement process to generate directional airflow, which is called corona wind or ion wind.
The invention finds that the corona discharge has obvious promotion effect on the condensation of water vapor in the cloud chamber, so the corona discharge can be used as a new technical means for artificially inducing rainfall and snowfall in the atmospheric environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for corona-induced water vapor condensation and an implementation method thereof, which can not only artificially induce water vapor condensation under experimental conditions, but also provide a new technical means for outdoor artificial rainfall, can generate corona wind and effective condensation nucleus capable of promoting water vapor condensation according to corona discharge found in a laboratory, and can explain the phenomenon of rainfall increase in the thunderstorm process in the nature.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a corona-induced moisture condensation device comprising: the high-voltage laser comprises a high-voltage power supply, a semiconductor laser, a first focusing lens, a second focusing lens and a cylindrical lens which are sequentially arranged along the direction of an output light path of the semiconductor laser, a digital camera, a diffusion cloud chamber, an insulating plastic base and a conical copper electrode, wherein the insulating plastic base and the conical copper electrode are arranged in the diffusion cloud chamber;
the bottom of the diffusion cloud chamber is provided with a refrigerating device, a metal refrigerating chassis covers the refrigerating device, the metal refrigerating chassis is grounded, and a toughened glass cover is buckled above the metal refrigerating chassis;
the toughened glass cover is of a cubic structure with an open bottom surface, a top surface and four side surfaces, wherein the bottom surface and the four side surfaces are made of toughened glass, the central positions below the three side surfaces are all provided with light through holes, the light through holes are respectively sealed by a first quartz window sheet, a second quartz window sheet and a third quartz window sheet, the first quartz window sheet and the second quartz window sheet are oppositely arranged on a main light path of the semiconductor laser, the digital camera is placed outside the third quartz window sheet and observes lateral scattered light through the quartz window sheets, the fourth side surface of the toughened glass cover is provided with an open cable through hole, and heat insulation sponge layers are adhered on the top surface and the four side surfaces of the toughened glass cover;
a return-shaped water tank is arranged in the toughened glass cover and above the metal refrigeration chassis, a resistance wire is arranged in the water tank, and when the diffusion cloud chamber is opened, the resistance wire heats water in the water tank to generate steam;
the conical copper electrode is fixed on the metal refrigeration chassis through the insulating plastic base and is connected with a high-voltage power supply through a high-voltage cable via a cable through hole;
the focal lengths of the first focusing lens and the second focusing lens are respectively f1 and f2, the second focusing lens is positioned behind the first focusing lens (f1+ f2), and the first focusing lens and the second focusing lens form a laser beam expanding system.
In the diffusion cloud chamber, the size of the metal refrigeration chassis is (40cm x 40cm), the material is stainless steel material, and the glass cover is of a cubic structure (50cm x 50cm x 20 cm);
the cylindrical lens is used for converging the circular light spot to a longitudinal plane, the used laser wavelength is 532nm, when laser entering the diffusion cloud chamber meets particles, scattering can occur towards the side direction, monitoring is carried out through a digital camera, and information such as the size and the movement speed of the particles can be analyzed.
A method of implementing a corona-induced moisture condensation apparatus, comprising the steps of:
(1) opening a semiconductor laser, adjusting laser output parameters, leading output laser to pass through the laser beam expanding system, amplifying the size of a light spot, then leading the amplified laser to enter a diffusion cloud chamber through the cylindrical lens and a first quartz window sheet on a glass cover, leading the laser to be converged into a longitudinal plane at the focus of the cylindrical lens, and then leading the laser to exit the diffusion cloud chamber through a second quartz window sheet;
(2) preparing two collecting devices with the same specification, numbering a and b, turning on a cloud chamber refrigeration switch, setting the working temperature to be 30-60 ℃ below zero, and refrigerating for N minutes;
(3) monitoring the internal state of the cloud chamber in the refrigeration process through a third quartz window by using a digital camera;
(4) closing a diffusion cloud chamber refrigeration switch, collecting snow on a cold plate by using a collecting device a, and weighing to obtain the total weight m;
(5) after the metal refrigeration chassis is naturally restored to the room temperature, the insulating plastic base is fixed at the central position of the metal refrigeration chassis, a conical copper electrode is horizontally arranged on the insulating plastic base, the electrode is connected with a high-voltage power supply through a cable, the height of the tip of the electrode from the chassis is adjusted to a set height, and a glass cover is covered;
(6) opening the semiconductor laser, enabling the output laser to sequentially pass through the first focusing lens, the second focusing lens, the cylindrical lens and the first quartz window sheet and to be shot into the diffusion cloud chamber, converging the laser into a longitudinal plane at the focus of the cylindrical lens, enabling the longitudinal plane to be overlapped with a vertical plane in front of the tip of the conical copper electrode, and finally shooting the laser out of the cloud chamber through the second quartz window sheet;
(7) opening a diffusion cloud chamber refrigeration switch, setting the working temperature to be minus 30-60 ℃, and refrigerating the cloud chamber for (N/2) minutes;
(8) after N/2 minutes, turning on a high-voltage power supply, and adjusting the voltage to a proper value, so that the inner conical copper electrode of the diffusion cloud chamber generates corona discharge, the breakdown does not occur between the electrode and the metal refrigeration chassis, the corona discharge lasts for N/2 minutes, and the refrigeration of the diffusion cloud chamber is kept during the corona discharge;
(9) monitoring the cloud state near the corona discharge area inside the cloud chamber outside the third quartz window by using a digital camera;
(10) after N/2 minutes, respectively closing the high-voltage switch and the power switch, collecting the snow on the cold plate by using a collecting device b, and weighing to obtain the total weight M;
(11) comparing the results shot by a digital camera in the background experiment and the corona-induced water vapor experiment process with the snow amount M and M generated in the two experiments, and analyzing the contribution of corona discharge to the generated snow amount as (M-M);
(12) the height difference between the tip of the electrode and the metal refrigeration chassis and the set high voltage value on the copper electrode can be changed, the steps (5) - (11) are repeated, and the real-time monitoring, snow generation analysis and the like are carried out on the process of water vapor condensation and settlement induced by the corona discharge point.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1) through the mode of corona discharge induction vapor condensation in the laboratory, can provide theoretical support for developing corona discharge induction atmospheric precipitation outdoors, be applicable to implementing artificial rainfall.
2) The device and the light path are simple, the experimental result is accurate, and the implementation cost is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a corona-induced moisture condensation apparatus according to the present invention
The high-voltage laser device comprises a high-voltage power supply 1, a semiconductor laser 2, a first focusing lens 3, a second focusing lens 4, a cylindrical lens 5, a first quartz window 6, an insulating plastic base 7, a conical copper electrode 8, a high-voltage cable 9, a cable through hole 10, a diffusion cloud chamber 11, a third quartz window 12, a digital camera 13, a second quartz window 14, a metal refrigeration chassis 15 and a water tank 16.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention:
referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a corona-induced moisture condensation apparatus according to the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, laser light with a wavelength of 532nm output by the semiconductor laser 2 firstly passes through a laser beam expanding system composed of a first focusing lens 3 and a second focusing lens 4, the focal lengths of the first focusing lens and the second focusing lens in this embodiment are respectively 15cm and 30cm, after passing through the beam expanding system, the laser light passes through a vertically placed cylindrical lens 5, the incident laser light is converged on a longitudinal plane, and is incident into a cloud chamber from a first quartz window 6, the plane just passes through the tip of a conical copper electrode 8, and then is emitted through a second quartz window 14, and a digital camera 13 shoots at a position perpendicular to the propagation direction of a light path.
Referring to fig. 1, the main body of the large diffusion cloud chamber 11 is composed of two parts, the first part is a metal refrigeration chassis 15, the second part is an upper 'return' water tank 16 and a toughened glass cover, and a first quartz window sheet 6, a second quartz window sheet 14, a third quartz window sheet 12 and a cable through hole 10 are sequentially arranged on four sides of the glass cover;
when the refrigerator works, the temperature of the metal refrigeration chassis 15 is reduced to the set working temperature due to the refrigeration effect of the refrigerator, so that a temperature gradient is formed in the cloud chamber from top to bottom, and the 'return' shaped water tank 16 is heated, so that necessary steam conditions can be provided for the cloud chamber.
When the high-voltage power supply 1 is turned on, the set voltage is direct current positive high voltage, so the polarity of the electrode is positive, the metal refrigeration chassis 15 is grounded, so the electrode is regarded as a negative electrode, when the high-voltage condition is met, positive corona discharge occurs on the positive electrode, and the height of the tip of the conical electrode from the chassis is adjustable.
By adjusting the output voltage value of the high-voltage power supply, the effects of corona-induced water vapor condensation of different voltage values under the condition of the same electrode spacing can be compared and analyzed by 0KV, 5KV, 10KV, 15KV, 20KV, 25KV and the like.
By adjusting the distance between the electrodes, the difference of the influence of the electrode distance on the corona-induced water vapor condensation under the same high-voltage condition can be analyzed in comparison with 2cm, 3cm, 5cm, 7cm, 10cm and the like.
Experiments show that the experiment of water vapor condensation induced by corona has simpler experimental device and experimental method, and the corona discharge is used as a new means, so that the artificial rainfall process can be induced, and a possible new technology is provided for future application.

Claims (7)

1. A corona-induced moisture condensation device, characterized in that it comprises: the high-voltage laser comprises a high-voltage power supply (1), a semiconductor laser (2), a first focusing lens (3), a second focusing lens (4), a cylindrical lens (5), a digital camera (13), a diffusion cloud chamber (11), an insulating plastic base (7) and a conical copper electrode (8), wherein the first focusing lens, the second focusing lens and the cylindrical lens (5) are sequentially arranged along the direction of an output light path of the semiconductor laser (2);
a refrigerating device is arranged at the bottom of the diffusion cloud chamber (11), a metal refrigerating chassis (15) covers the refrigerating device, the metal refrigerating chassis (15) is grounded, and a toughened glass cover is buckled above the metal refrigerating chassis (15);
the toughened glass cover is of a cubic structure with an open bottom surface, a top surface and four side surfaces, wherein the bottom surface and the four side surfaces are made of toughened glass, light through holes are formed in the center positions below the three side surfaces, the light through holes are respectively sealed by a first quartz window (6), a second quartz window (14) and a third quartz window (12), the first quartz window (6) and the second quartz window (14) are oppositely arranged on a main light path of the semiconductor laser (2), the digital camera (13) is placed outside the third quartz window (12), lateral scattered light is observed through the quartz window (12), an open cable through hole (10) is reserved on the fourth side surface of the toughened glass cover, and heat insulation sponge layers are adhered to the top surface and the outer parts of the four side surfaces of the toughened glass cover;
a return-shaped water tank (16) is arranged in the toughened glass cover and above the metal refrigeration chassis (15), a resistance wire is arranged in the water tank, and when the diffusion cloud chamber (11) is opened, the resistance wire heats water in the water tank to generate steam;
the conical copper electrode (8) is fixed on the metal refrigeration chassis (15) through the insulating plastic base (7), and the conical copper electrode (8) is connected with the high-voltage power supply (1) through a high-voltage cable (9) and a cable through hole (10);
the focal lengths of the first focusing lens (3) and the second focusing lens (4) are respectively f1 and f2, the second focusing lens (4) is located behind the first focusing lens (3) (f1+ f2), and the first focusing lens and the second focusing lens form a laser beam expanding system.
2. The corona-induced moisture condensation apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interior space of said diffusing cloud chamber (11) is refrigerated by a metal refrigeration chassis (15).
3. The corona-induced moisture condensation device according to claim 1, wherein the water vapor conditions inside the diffuse cloud chamber (11) are provided by a water bath (16).
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the insulating plastic base (7) is adjustable in height, the tapered copper electrode (8) is loaded with a direct current positive high voltage, the magnitude of the applied high voltage is adjustable, and the metal refrigeration chassis (15) is grounded.
5. The device for corona-induced moisture condensation according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam expansion system formed by the first focusing lens (3) and the second focusing lens (4) enlarges an incident laser spot.
6. The corona-induced moisture condensation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cylindrical lens (5) is located behind said second focusing lens (4), and the light passing through the axial meridian has no change in the transmission direction and the light passing through the refractive meridian has a change in the vergence, so that the incident laser light passing through said cylindrical lens (5) is vertically disposed, does not change in the longitudinal spatial dimension, is compressed transversely, and converges to a longitudinal dimension-limited plane at a specific position relative to the focal length.
7. A method of corona-induced moisture condensation using the corona-induced moisture condensation apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
① opening the semiconductor laser (2), adjusting the laser output parameters to make the output laser pass through the laser beam expanding system, the spot size is enlarged, and then the laser is emitted into the diffusion cloud chamber through the cylindrical lens (5) and the first quartz window (6) on the glass cover, the laser is converged into a longitudinal plane at the focus of the cylindrical lens (5), and then the laser is emitted out of the diffusion cloud chamber through the second quartz window (14);
② preparing two collecting devices with the same specification, numbering a and b, turning on a diffusion cloud chamber refrigeration switch, setting the working temperature to be 30-60 ℃ below zero, and refrigerating for N minutes;
③ monitoring the internal state of the diffusion cloud chamber in the refrigeration process through a third quartz window (12) by using a digital camera (13);
④ closing the refrigeration switch of the diffusion cloud chamber, collecting snow on the metal refrigeration chassis by a collecting device a, and weighing to obtain the total weight m;
⑤ making the metal refrigeration chassis (15) return to room temperature naturally, fixing the insulating plastic base (7) at the center of the metal refrigeration chassis (15), horizontally arranging a conical copper electrode (8) on the insulating plastic base, connecting the electrode with a high-voltage power supply (1) through a cable (6), adjusting the height of the tip of the electrode from the metal refrigeration chassis to a set height, and covering a glass cover;
⑥, opening the semiconductor laser (2), making the output laser sequentially pass through the first focusing lens (3), the second focusing lens (4), the cylindrical lens (5) and the first quartz window (6) and then enter the diffusion cloud chamber, the laser is converged into a longitudinal plane at the focus of the cylindrical lens (5), and the longitudinal plane is superposed with the vertical plane in front of the tip of the conical copper electrode (8), and finally the laser is emitted out of the diffusion cloud chamber through the second quartz window (14);
⑦, opening a diffusion cloud chamber refrigeration switch, setting the working temperature to be minus 30-60 ℃, and refrigerating the diffusion cloud chamber for N/2 minutes;
⑧ N/2 min later, turning on a high-voltage power supply, adjusting the voltage to a proper value, ensuring that the copper electrode in the diffusion cloud chamber generates corona discharge and breakdown does not occur between the electrode and a metal refrigeration chassis (15), wherein the corona discharge lasts for N/2 min, and the refrigeration of the diffusion cloud chamber is kept during the corona discharge;
⑨ monitoring the cloud state near the corona discharge area inside the cloud chamber outside the third quartz window (12) using a digital camera (13);
⑩ N/2 min later, respectively closing the high-voltage switch and the power switch, collecting the snow on the metal refrigeration chassis (15) by using a collecting device b, and weighing to obtain the total weight M;
Figure FDA0002235845800000031
comparing the results photographed by the digital camera (13) in the steps ③ and ⑨ with the amounts M and M of snow generated in the steps ④ and ⑩, and analyzing the contribution of corona discharge to the amount of snow generated as (M-M);
Figure FDA0002235845800000032
changing the height difference between the electrode tip and the metal refrigeration chassis and the high voltage value set on the copper electrode, repeating the step ⑤ -
Figure FDA0002235845800000033
And (4) carrying out real-time monitoring and snow production analysis on the process of water vapor condensation and sedimentation induced by a corona discharge point.
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