CN106068156A - 调湿装置 - Google Patents

调湿装置 Download PDF

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CN106068156A
CN106068156A CN201580011284.7A CN201580011284A CN106068156A CN 106068156 A CN106068156 A CN 106068156A CN 201580011284 A CN201580011284 A CN 201580011284A CN 106068156 A CN106068156 A CN 106068156A
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moisture
control device
moisture absorption
humidity control
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CN106068156B (zh
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铃木康昌
崎川伸基
浦元嘉弘
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Sharp Corp
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Abstract

提供一种调湿装置，具备：吸湿部，其在能以旋转轴为中心旋转的基材的外周以层状设有高分子吸湿材料；以及热源，其局部地加热上述吸湿部，上述高分子吸湿材料具有能吸收空气中的水分的亲水性状态和将在上述亲水性状态时吸附的水分释放的疏水性状态，并具有由于温度的上升而从上述亲水性状态变为疏水性状态且由于上述温度的下降而从上述疏水性状态回到上述亲水性状态的性质，利用上述调湿装置，能进行所需的热能少的有效的湿度调节。

Description

调湿装置
技术领域
本发明涉及利用具有由于温度的变化而从亲水性向疏水性、从疏水性向亲水性变化的性质的高分子吸附材料的调湿装置。
背景技术
以往作为吸湿材料(除湿材料)众所周知沸石、硅胶等，市售使用它们的干燥剂式吸湿(除湿)装置(例如参照特开2000－126540号公报(专利文件1)、特开2010－69428号公报(专利文件2)等)。在使用上述沸石、硅胶等的除湿装置中，使室内的空气碰到将沸石、二氧化硅等涂敷于蜂窝状等通气性的转子来吸附空气中的水分，为了从该处取出水分，通过使用加热器的高温的风进行加热，由此使上述水分成为水蒸气而释放。通过热交换器冷却包含该水蒸气的高温的空气，取出水分而对室内空气进行除湿。
沸石、硅胶等现有的吸湿材料为了放湿需要大量热能。具体地，上述吸湿材料为了在吸附水分后再次再生为能吸附水分的状态，需要用200℃以上的非常高的温度进行加热而将水分除去。在上述干燥剂式吸湿(除湿)装置中，采用将吸湿部和加热部分开、能一边使转子旋转一边常时吸湿放湿的结构，需要对常时加热用的加热器等通电，消耗电力变高，另外，还存在由高温加热导致的火灾的危险性。另外，吹出风也在除湿后加热释放，因此室温变得过高，特别是在气温和湿度均高的梅雨季节使用时存在担心的声音。而且，现有的干燥剂式吸湿装置还存在为了放湿而变为水必须将已加热的空气冷却的问题。
另一方面，在特开2002－126442号公报(专利文件3)中记载了使用吸水特性以相转变温度为分界变化的凝胶来进行除湿、吸水的凝胶片。
现有技术文件
专利文件
专利文件1：特开2000－126540号公报
专利文件2：特开2010－69428号公报
专利文件3：特开2002－126442号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明是为了解决上述问题而完成的，其目的在于提供所需的热能少且能有效地进行湿度调节的调湿装置。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明的调湿装置具备：吸湿部，其在能以旋转轴为中心旋转的基材的外周以层状设有高分子吸湿材料；以及热源，其局部地加热上述吸湿部，上述高分子吸湿材料具有能吸收空气中的水分的亲水性状态和将在上述亲水性状态时吸附的水分释放的疏水性状态，具有由于温度的上升而从上述亲水性状态变为疏水性状态且由于上述温度的下降而从上述疏水性状态回到上述亲水性状态的性质。
优选在本发明的调湿装置中，上述吸湿部构成为能一边以旋转轴为中心旋转一边将吸收到的空气中的水分在被热源加热的部分中作为水滴释放。
优选在本发明的调湿装置中，上述基材是圆柱状或圆筒状。
优选在本发明的调湿装置中，与上述吸湿部相邻地设有水回收部，上述水回收部在圆柱状或圆筒状的基材的外周以层状设有能吸附水分并在加压时释放水分的吸湿素材。在该情况下，优选上述吸湿部在从上述水回收部施加压力的状态下与上述水回收部相邻。
发明效果
根据本发明的调湿装置，与现有的干燥剂式吸湿装置不同，能不需要非常高的温度进行加热且不会将已加热的空气冷却地将吸湿的水分释放出，所需的热能少且能进行有效的湿度调节。
附图说明
图1是从剖面线I－I观看本发明所优选的一例的调湿装置1时的截面图。
图2是从剖面线II－II观看本发明所优选的一例的调湿装置1时的截面图。
图3是在本发明的基材是金属(例示铁的情况)的情况下的高分子吸湿材料的接合例。
具体实施方式
图1是从剖面线I－I观看本发明所优选的一例的调湿装置1时的截面图，图2是从剖面线II－II观看本发明所优选的一例的调湿装置1时的截面图。以下虽举出图1、图2所示的例子详细地说明本发明，但图1、图2所示的调湿装置1终归为本发明所优选的一例，本发明不限于该例。
本发明的调湿装置1基本上具备：吸湿部2，其在能以旋转轴为中心旋转的基材3的外周以层状设有高分子吸湿材料4；以及热源5，其局部地加热上述吸湿部2。根据本发明的调湿装置1，与现有的干燥剂式吸湿装置不同，能不用非常高的温度进行加热且不会将已加热的空气冷却而将吸湿的水分释放，所需的热能少且能进行有效的湿度调节(低消耗电力、抑制室温上升、除湿有效化)。
＜实施方式1：基材＞
本发明的基材3只要能绕旋转轴旋转，则对其形状没有特别限定，可以是圆柱状、圆筒状、三棱柱状、三棱筒状、四棱柱状、四棱筒状、多棱柱状、多棱筒状、截面为正圆的球状、截面为椭圆的球状、圆盘状、平板状、多面体、钢丝状、其它不定形状，但从易形成高分子吸湿材料层、与加热部的整合性、兼顾吸湿、放水的整体平衡、以及使用了高分子吸湿材料的湿度调节的效率等观点来看，优选基材的形状是圆柱状、圆筒状、圆盘状或平板状。
作为形成基材3的材料也没有特别限定，可举出金属、树脂、陶瓷、橡胶、玻璃纸等。其中，从导热性的观点来看，优选是金属(例如铁)、高导热性树脂或陶瓷。
形成于基材3上的层状的高分子吸湿材料4具有可吸收空气中的水分的亲水性状态和将在上述亲水性状态时吸附的水分释放的疏水性状态，并具有由于温度的上升从上述亲水性状态变为疏水性状态且由于上述温度的下降从上述疏水性状态回到上述亲水性状态的性质。上述本发明的高分子吸湿材料通过专利文件3等是公知的内容，若是本领域技术人员，则例如能将聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)及其衍生物以及多糖、聚藻酸等高分子电解质作为材料使用来适当地调制具有希望的性质的高分子吸湿材料。
＜实施方式2：高分子吸湿材料＞
上述本发明的高分子吸湿材料在使用沸石、硅胶等的情况下无需为了对吸附的水分进行放湿所需的高温(例如200℃)的热源，所需的热能可以较少。另外，在使用沸石、硅胶等的情况下，还存在无需为了将放湿的水分回收为水而进行冷却、能从高分子吸湿材料直接回收为水分的优点。
高分子吸湿材料4的层的厚度没有特别限定，但可考虑吸湿速度、加热时的导热性以及整体的尺寸等适当地决定。若厚度过大，则高分子吸湿材料4以层为单位的含水量当然会增加，但有吸湿所需的速度变慢、加热时的导热也变慢的倾向。
优选在本发明中，也取决于基材的材质，例如在用陶瓷形成有基材等情况下，使现有公知的适当的粘合剂介于基材3与高分子吸湿材料4的层之间。
＜实施方式3：基材(金属接合)＞
另外，图3示意性地表示在本发明的基材3是金属(图示的是SUS表面的铁)的情况下的高分子吸湿材料4的接合例。关于使树脂等有机物与金属等无机物结合的技术，通过特开2013－007355号公报或WO2013/140845等公知例如与加热器有关的技术。例如在基材3是金属(例如SUS)的情况下，在将金属表面的氧化膜除去后，经由硅烷偶联6使高分子吸湿材料(例如N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM))4的烷基链(主链)结合，由此作为无机物的金属与作为有机物的高分子吸湿材料4通过不同于氢键或范德瓦尔斯力的强力的结合而被强有力地接合。金属材料、硅烷偶联的种类、高分子吸湿材料4的种类当然不限于此。作为在硅烷偶联6中使用的硅烷偶联剂，能使用现有公知的适当的硅烷偶联剂，虽没有特别限定，但作为优选的一例，可举出3-丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KBM－5103(信越化学工业株式会社制))等，可分别使用公知的步骤、条件适当地进行硅烷偶联6。
图1、图2所示的例子的调湿装置1构成为吸湿部2的基材3嵌入转子9，通过与转子9连接的转子驱动电机10驱动绕旋转轴A的旋转。转子9和转子驱动电机10能没有特别限定地使用现有公知的适当的转子和转子驱动电机。绕旋转轴A旋转的速度也没有特别限定，根据材料的吸湿、放水能力、速度、导热性、规模而自行决定最佳值。
＜实施方式4：热源＞
本发明的调湿装置1的热源5没有特别限定，只要是封装加热器、膜加热器、内置电热丝的加热材料、碳加热器等现有公知的适当的热源即可。在此，如上所述，本发明的高分子吸湿材料4不是如现有的沸石、硅胶那样在使吸湿的水分放湿时需要非常高的温度，因此本发明的热源虽还取决于加热的高分子吸湿材料的温度敏感点，但只要能在常温(23℃)下优选在40～60℃的范围进行加热即可。这样本发明的调湿装置能将加热温度设定为低于现有的加热温度，因此能实现省电化、降低火灾冒烟的危险性。另外，在调湿装置中易于将加热部(接通/关断)和非加热部分开构成，由此还有能常时吸收、释放水分(由非加热部吸收、由加热部释放)的优点。
在本发明的调湿装置1中，热源5只要配置于可将高分子吸湿材料4局部地加热到温度敏感点以上的位置即可(虽然图示出与吸湿材料之上隔开距离配置热源的例子，但从基材侧进行加热是更优选的)。由热源5进行加热，由此对吸收了空气中的水分而成为亲水性状态的高分子吸湿材料施加来自热源5的温度上升的刺激，通过该温度上升使高分子吸湿材料4相转变为疏水性状态，吸收到的水分作为水滴11被回收。如图1、图2所示的例子，优选在圆柱状或圆筒状的基材3的外周以层状形成高分子吸湿材料4而形成吸湿部2，该基材3的旋转轴A与水平方向平行，热源5配置于基材3的比旋转轴A靠下侧的任一处的、相对于旋转轴A的上侧成为旋转方向下游的一侧的位置。通过这样配置，在旋转方向上游侧，高分子吸湿材料吸收水分而成为亲水性状态(图2中的高分子吸湿材料4的区域4A)，其旋转到旋转方向下游侧时由于热源5的加热而成为疏水性状态(图2中的高分子吸湿材料4的区域4B)，水分被有效地回收为水滴11。
＜实施方式5：水回收部＞
优选本发明的调湿装置1与上述吸湿部2相邻地设有用于从吸湿部2有效地回收水分的水回收部12。水回收部12，如图1、图2所示的例子，优选是在圆柱状或圆筒状的基材13的外周以层状设有能吸附水分并通过加压释放水分的吸湿素材14的构成。上述水回收部12与吸湿部2相邻地设置，与吸湿部2绕旋转轴A的旋转同时地，使与旋转轴A平行的基材13绕旋转轴B旋转，由此能从吸湿部2更有效地回收水分。
作为形成水回收部12的基材13的材料，没有特别限定，可举出金属、树脂、陶瓷、橡胶等。其中从对吸湿部加热并取水之后进行除热(迅速回到亲水性)的观点来看，优选是导热性高的材料，特别优选是金属、高导热性树脂或它们的复合材料。
水回收部12的吸湿素材14既可以是不使水分子发生化学结合而主要通过毛细管和范德瓦尔斯力来保持水分并具有能通过物理压力进行释放的弹力的化学系海绵、吸水性化学纤维、天然原材料，也可以是海绵、木棉、厚的纸材等，没有特别限定，优选是现有公知的海绵。但是，需要考虑由接触导致的磨损、劣化并注意耐久性。
＜实施方式6：吸湿部＞
另外，优选在本发明的调湿装置1中，上述吸湿部2在从上述水回收部12施加了压力的状态下与上述水回收部12相邻。在图1、图2所示的例子中，与水回收部12的与吸湿部2相邻的一侧的相反侧相邻地设有压缩辊16，通过压缩辊16在与旋转轴A、B垂直的方向从水回收部12对吸湿部2施加压力。由此在作为水回收部12的吸湿素材14使用海绵的情况下，特别能进行有效的水分回收。可考虑有效的水分回收、水回收部12和吸湿部2的机械耐性(强度)、摩擦系数等适当地决定由压缩辊16进行的加压。另外，在图1、图2所示的例子中，经过吸湿部、水回收部传递到压缩辊的水分向配置于正下方的排放罐17滴落，被回收。压缩辊没有特别限定，可以利用以同样目的使用的公知的适当的辊。
在此，在本发明中使用的高分子吸湿材料若直接与水接触则具有自重的数十倍以上的吸湿能力，但对空气中的水分最多仅按自重的2倍程度的量进行吸湿。因而，即使以超过温度敏感点的方式对吸湿了空气中的水分的高分子吸湿材料进行加热而将吸附的水分释放，水分有时也原样附着于高分子吸湿材料的表面(浮出高分子吸湿材料的表面并将表面湿润的状态)而不易成为滴落水。另外，由于来自外部的加热而在高分子吸湿材料的外缘形成妨碍水分子的移动的疏水性的膜(表皮效应)，不易兼顾加热面和放水面，最外表面通过加热而放水，因此为了活用膜内部和表面两者的水，更好的是将重点放置于从基材侧进行加热。如上所述，优选具备水回收部12，由此更优选的是设为从水回收部12对吸湿部2施加压力的状态，由此，高分子吸湿材料超过温度敏感点，能将成为疏水性状态而被释放的水分中的靠自重无法滴落的水分挤出，能进行有效的水分回收。
在图1、图2所示的例子中，调湿装置1设于在与吸湿部2对应的高度的侧面具有吸气口22的箱体21内，吸气口22和吸湿部2之间的空间由于从吸气口22进入箱体21内的湿润的空气23而成为高分子吸湿材料用于吸收空气中的水分并成为亲水性状态的区域(吸湿区域)24。这样为了从吸气口22吸入湿润的空气23，在图1、图2所示的例子中，构成为在隔着吸湿部2与吸气口22相反的一侧也设有排气口25，在排气口25的紧前(吸湿部2侧)设有吸湿用风扇26，将干燥的空气27从排气口25向箱体21外排出。
附图标记说明
1调湿装置、2吸湿部、3基材、4高分子吸湿材料、5热源、6硅烷偶联、7高分子吸湿材料、9转子、10转子驱动电机、11水滴、12水回收部、13基材、14吸湿素材、16压缩辊、17排放罐、21箱体、22吸气口、23湿润的空气、24吸湿区域、25排气口、26吸湿用风扇、27干燥的空气。

Claims (5)

1.一种调湿装置，具备：吸湿部，其在能以旋转轴为中心旋转的基材的外周以层状设有高分子吸湿材料；以及热源，其局部地加热上述吸湿部，上述调湿装置的特征在于，
上述高分子吸湿材料具有能吸收空气中的水分的亲水性状态和将在上述亲水性状态时吸附的水分释放的疏水性状态，具有由于温度的上升而从上述亲水性状态变为疏水性状态且由于上述温度的下降而从上述疏水性状态回到上述亲水性状态的性质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的调湿装置，其特征在于，
上述吸湿部构成为能一边以旋转轴为中心旋转一边将吸收到的空气中的水分在被热源加热的部分中作为水滴释放。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的调湿装置，其特征在于，
基材是圆柱状或圆筒状。
4.根据权利要求3所述的调湿装置，其特征在于，
与上述吸湿部相邻地设有水回收部，上述水回收部在圆柱状或圆筒状的基材的外周以层状设有能吸附水分并通过加压释放水分的吸湿素材。
5.根据权利要求4所述的调湿装置，其特征在于，
上述吸湿部在从上述水回收部施加压力的状态下与上述水回收部相邻。
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