CN106058937B - A kind of power distribution network broad sense load modeling method of the wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism - Google Patents
A kind of power distribution network broad sense load modeling method of the wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of power distribution network broad sense load modeling method of wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism, propose the simplified model of direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines (DDPMSG), and the power distribution network generalized load modeling structure using its traditional load in parallel as the wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism.Based on trace sensitivity method, the identifiability of each parameter and identification difficulty in broad sense load are analyzed.Parameter identification first carries out global optimizing using particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), recycles Levenberg Marquardt (LM) algorithms to carry out local optimal searching on the basis of PSO optimum results.This invention simplifies the model structure of direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines, the parameter identification method of proposition has higher identification precision;The broad sense load modeling that this modeling method can access power distribution network for other regenerative resources containing full inverter type provides reference.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power distribution network broad sense load modeling method of wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism, belong to power train construction in a systematic way
Mould technical field.
Background technology
Distributed generation resource based on regenerative resource is a large amount of, scattered access power distribution network, and traditional load model can not be retouched
State the broad sense dynamic load characteristic containing distributed generation resource, it is therefore desirable to generalized load modeling structure of the research containing distributed generation resource and
Parameter identification method.Wind-power electricity generation is the most regenerative resource of exploitation prospect at no distant date, is studied containing the wide of wind-power electricity generation
Adopted load model, its top priority establish the model of Wind turbines in itself, understand its dynamic characteristic.
The existing broad sense load Equivalent Model containing wind-power electricity generation, some excessively simplify, and can not reflect the dynamic of broad sense load
Step response, error are larger.Some is excessively complicated, and there are model order is high, number of parameters to be identified is more, and model parameter may deposit
The redundancy the shortcomings that.
The content of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of power distribution network of wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism
The modeling method of broad sense load, the model established can accurately reflect that different wind-power electricity generation ratios, different voltages fall journey
The dynamic characteristic of the lower broad sense load of degree, has stronger adaptability.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of power distribution network broad sense load modeling method of the wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism, it is characterized in that, include the following steps:
1) simplified model of direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines (DDPMSG) is established;
2) being exported in Wind turbines sets three-phase symmetric voltage to fall, by the active power under a certain Voltage Drop scene and
The disturbed path of reactive power as reference, is carried out curve fitting, first using population based on the simplified model that step 1) is established
Optimize algorithm (PSO) and obtain optimum results, then using Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithms on PSO optimum results basis
Upper further local optimal searching, finally obtains the identifier of each parameter in direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines simplified model;
On the basis of parameter identification result, analyze under other disturbance scenes actual disturbed path with based on parameter identification value
Disturbed path deviation, the adaptability of analysis model;
3) by the Wind turbines simplified model that step 1) is established, (i.e. induction-motor load is in parallel static negative with traditional load
Lotus) it is in parallel, establish the power distribution network generalized load modeling structure of the wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism;
4) being exported in broad sense load sets balanced three-phase voltage to fall disturbance, active power, the nothing that broad sense load is exported
Work(power calculates the trace sensitivity of each parameter in generalized load modeling as signal is exported;It is big according to trace sensitivity amplitude
It is small, determine the emphasis parameter in generalized load modeling;According to trace sensitivity phase, the distinguishable of generalized load modeling parameter is determined
The property known;
5) the emphasis parameter determined according to step 4), sets its search range and generates initial value at random;Set with step 4)
The Voltage Drop disturbance put, active power, reactive power based on the outlet of broad sense load are as signal is referred to, using PSO algorithms
Recognize the emphasis parameter in generalized load modeling;
6) initial value using the parameter identification result based on PSO algorithms as LM algorithms, is further carried out using LM methods
Local optimal searching, obtains the final identification result of parameter;
7) actual locus and the deviation of the emulation path based on identification result are calculated, chooses parameter during Deviation Indices minimum
Identification result, as final parameter identification value.
Further, the simplified model of direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines includes active link and idle ring in the step 1)
Section;The input quantity of the active link is the deviation of Wind turbines active power reference value and active power actual value, output ring
Save as d shaft currents;The input quantity of the idle link is related with the control mode of Wind turbines.
Further, curve matching in the step 2), the method for recognizing direct-drive permanent-magnetism wind turbine model parameter.Identification
Object function reach minimum for Deviation Indices err, i.e.,:
Wherein, n is total points in identification time window;Pest(k) and Qest(k) it is respectively to be based on distinguishing for k-th in identification time window
Know the active power and reactive power for the directly driven wind-powered machine set outlet that result emulates;Preal(k) and Qreal(k) it is respectively to distinguish
Know in time window and emulate to obtain the active power and reactive power of directly driven wind-powered machine set outlet based on actual value for k-th.
Further, the acquisition methods of trace sensitivity are as follows in the step 4):
41) numerical value of parameter θ to be identified is increased into Δ θ, the power distribution network broad sense based on Matlab/Simulink platform buildings
Load grid-connected system, emulation obtain the disturbed track y (θ) of observed quantity y, and wherein Δ θ is increment, the θ of Δ θ=10%0, wherein θ0For
The initial value of parameter θ to be identified;
42) numerical value of parameter θ to be identified is reduced into Δ θ, emulation obtains the disturbed track y ' (θ) of observed quantity y;
43) according to formulaThe trace sensitivity S of calculating parameter θj, in formula, n
For the sampled point number of observed quantity.
Further, the system of selection of emphasis parameter is in the step 4):In the trace sensitivity of all parameters, choosing
The parameter for selecting more than η times of trace sensitivity minimum value is empirically worth selection as emphasis parameter, η.
Further, it is characterized in that, η=5.
Further, the emphasis parameter in step 5) the identification broad sense loadThe object function of identification is Deviation Indices
Err reaches minimum, i.e.,: Wherein
θmaxAnd θminThe maximum set value of parameter respectively to be identified and minimum setting value, other specification value and the ginseng involved in step 2)
It is identical that numerical value represents implication.
The beneficial effect that the present invention is reached:The simplified model of direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines proposed by the present invention, is not only tied
Structure is simple, moreover it is possible to reflects dynamic characteristic of the Wind turbines in the case where different voltages fall degree, has stronger adaptability;Using this
The model structure of simplified direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines traditional load in parallel, the power distribution network broad sense as the wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism
Load model structure, parameter identification first carry out global optimizing with population (PSO) optimization algorithm, recycle LM algorithms excellent in PSO
Further local optimal searching on the basis of change result.Carried modeling method not only simplify the model structure of broad sense load, and propose
Parameter identification method has higher identification precision.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the work flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 (a) (b) is the active link of simplified direct-drive permanent-magnetism wind turbine model and idle link respectively;
Fig. 3 is the analogue system wiring diagram of the Wind turbines containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism;
Fig. 4 (a) (b) is that simplified model identification result falls 10%U to three-phase voltage respectivelyNDegree, Voltage Drop 30%UN
Adaptability;
Fig. 5 is the power distribution network generalized load modeling structure of the wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism;
Fig. 6 is the broad sense load emulation test system containing directly driven wind-powered field;
Fig. 7 is Voltage Drop 20%UNUnder parameter trace sensitivity;
Fig. 8 is Voltage Drop 80%UNUnder parameter trace sensitivity;
Fig. 9 is Voltage Drop 20%UNUnder the disturbed path based on actual parameter and identified parameters;
Figure 10 is Voltage Drop 80%UNUnder the disturbed path based on actual parameter and identified parameters.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following embodiments are only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical solution, and be not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention.
Lower mask body is in conjunction with the embodiments illustrated the present invention:
Step 1) proposes the simplified model of direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines, as shown in Figure 2.
In Fig. 2, PrefAnd QrefRespectively active power and reactive power setting value, its numerical value are determined by 2 kinds of modes, a kind of
Directly assigned by wind power plant station level control system, a kind of operating status by direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines determines.P, Q, U and θ
The respectively active power of Wind turbines, reactive power, terminal voltage amplitude and power-factor angle.Respectively there is power control
The ratio and integral coefficient of link processed.TPFor the time of measuring constant of real power control link.UrefFor voltage reference value.
The integral coefficient and voltage-controlled integral coefficient of respectively idle control.idFor d axis actual values;idN、iqNRespectively d axis and q
The rated value of shaft current;id.cmd、iq.cmdThe respectively controlled quentity controlled variable of d axis and q shaft currents;Lmt is the amplitude limit value of d shaft currents;S1、S2
And S3For switch;S is the Laplace transformation factor.
Switch S1-S3Different conditions, it is specific as follows to switch the different control modes of direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines:
1) S is worked as1=0 and S3When=0, correspondence determines Reactive Power Control mode;
2) S is worked as1=1 and S3When=0, correspondence determines power factor controlling mode;
3) S is worked as2=0 and S3When=1, corresponding constant voltage control mode;
4) S is worked as2=1 and S3When=1, corresponding voltage/idle control mode.
Step 2) carries out Adaptability Analysis to the simplified model of direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines.
By taking Fig. 3 systems as an example.Wherein, T1 and T2 becomes for boosting, and l1 and l2 are transmission line of electricity;Failure is arranged to t=1.7s
When, occur three phase short circuit fault f at busbar B1, at this time busbar B2 Voltage Drops 20%UNLeft and right, failure continue extensive after 0.2s
It is multiple.Emulation obtains the disturbed path of Wind turbines active-power P and reactive power Q under the failure, on the basis of the disturbed path,
It is fitted using the simplified model shown in Fig. 2, each parameter in simplified model is recognized according to curve-fitting results
During curve matching, first using particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) obtain optimum results, further using Levenberg-
Marquardt (LM) algorithms local optimal searching on the basis of PSO optimum results:The object function of identification reaches for Deviation Indices err
Minimum, i.e.,The time window of identification elect as [1.7,
2.3] s, the step-length of curve of output is 0.00005s.
For the adaptability of simplified model shown in check plot 2, setting three phase short circuit fault at busbar B1 is still in, by adjusting
Ground resistance so that busbar B2 Voltage Drops are respectively 10%UNAnd 30%UN, based on Voltage Drop 20%UNUnder parameter identification
As a result the disturbed path of Wind turbines active power and reactive power is obtained.In the case of 2 kinds reference model and appraising model by
Disturb path and see Fig. 4, curve bias contribution is respectively err (10%UN)=0.0029, err (30%UN)=0.0115, UNExpression volume
Constant voltage.The model for illustrating direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines according to Fig. 4 has stronger adaptability.
Step 3) proposes the model structure of the power distribution network broad sense load of the wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism, such as Fig. 5.Wherein, PwgWith
QwgThe total active power and reactive power that respectively wind power plant is sent.PimAnd QimRespectively motor absorb active power and
Reactive power.PzipAnd QzipThe active power and reactive power that respectively static load absorbs.PLAnd QLRespectively total load is active
Power and reactive power.P and Q is respectively the active power and reactive power of system side supply broad sense load.J is imaginary unit.
Wind power plant generated output and induction-motor load power proportions coefficient are defined, is respectively
Wherein, ZIP represents static load, and IM represents induction motor load, their model expression is as follows.
ZIP static load models:Wherein, ZP、IP、
PP、Zq、Iq、PqRespectively active constant-impedance coefficient, active constant current coefficient, active invariable power coefficient, idle constant-impedance coefficient,
Idle constant current coefficient and idle invariable power coefficient, and meetLDP、LDQRespectively active and idle frequency
Rate characteristic coefficient.PZIPAnd QZIPThe respectively active power and reactive power of static load.PZIP0And QZIP0Respectively static load
Initial active power and reactive power.ULFor load ports voltage.UL0Load ports Initial Voltage Value.f0For at the beginning of system frequency
Initial value.Δ f is frequency departure, Δ f=f-f0, f is system frequency.
IM induction-motor load models:In formula, ωrAnd ωsRespectively rotor angle
Speed and system angular speed;E ' and E 'fRespectively transient potential and excitation potential;X ' is transient state reactance;T ' is time constant;H
For inertia time constant;C is constant;U is motor port voltage magnitude;δ is rotor angle;TmFor machine torque.
For induction-motor load, the larger parameter of sensitivity is stator reactance Xs, initial slippage s0, and to transient stability
Calculate the motor ratio K having a great influenceim, it is thus determined that parameter to be identified is θ=[K in broad sense loadPp,KPi,Tp,lmt,Xs,
H,s0,Kwg,Kim], other parameters use representative value.
The power distribution network broad sense load of the wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism is accessed infinite bulk power grid by step 4), and that analyzes each parameter can
Identification and identification difficulty.Analogue system is as shown in fig. 6, WG represents Wind turbines in figure;Z represents constant-impedance load;l1-l3
For transmission line of electricity;T1-T3 is transformer.The analogue system is built in Matlab 2010b softwares, direct-drive permanent-magnetism wind in system
Electric field is derived from the wind power plant example (power_wind_type_4_avg) that Matlab is carried, and Wind turbines, which use, determines reactive power
Control mode (Qref=0).Direct-drive permanent-magnetism wind power plant and conventional load are connected at the busbar B1 of 25kV by boosting to become, busbar B1
Further boosting is incorporated to the Infinite bus system of 120kV, and static load part uses constant-impedance load model.
Disturbance is arranged to set three phase short circuit fault at busbar B1, by varying ground resistance so that voltage falls at busbar B1
Fall respectively 20%UNAnd 80%UN, failure initial time is 1.7s, duration 0.2s, gathers voltage, wattful power at B1
Rate, reactive power are as measured data.
The trace sensitivity of each parameter is calculated, method is as follows:
41) numerical value of parameter θ to be identified is increased into Δ θ, the power distribution network broad sense based on Matlab/Simulink platform buildings
Load grid-connected system, emulation obtain the disturbed track y (θ) of observed quantity y;
42) numerical value of parameter θ to be identified is reduced into Δ θ, emulation obtains the disturbed track y ' (θ) of observed quantity y;
43) according to formulaThe trace sensitivity S of calculating parameter θj, in formula, n is
The sampled point number of observed quantity, the θ of Δ θ=10%0, wherein θ0For the initial value of parameter θ to be identified.
Voltage Drop is respectively 20%UNAnd 80%UN, and wind-powered electricity generation ratio is Kwg=50%, KimEach parameter under=50%
Trace sensitivity curve, is shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 respectively.
According to trace sensitivity curves of the Fig. 7 in the case of Voltage Drop is smaller, it will be seen that each parameter in generalized load modeling
[KPp,KPi,Tp,Xs, H] trace sensitivity curve it is different when zero passage, discriminant parameter can unique identification accordingly.According to the rail of Fig. 6
Mark level of sensitivity, judges parameter [Tp,Xs, H] trace sensitivity numerical value it is larger, it is recognizable;Parameter [KPp, KPi] track
Sensitivity number is smaller, is relatively difficult to recognize.And due to the initial slippage s of motor0, wind power plant generated output Proportional coefficient Kwg
And induction-motor load power proportions COEFFICIENT KimIt is larger to the dynamic image of broad sense load, therefore when Voltage Drop is smaller, choosing
Select parameter [KPp,KPi,Tp,Xs,H,s0,Kwg,Kim] it is used as parameter to be identified.
According to Fig. 8 three-phase voltage fall it is larger in the case of trace sensitivity size, draw parameter [KPp,KPi,Tp]
Trace sensitivity is smaller, but parameter [lmt, Xs, H] trace sensitivity it is larger.According to the trace sensitivity curve shape of Fig. 8 come
See, parameter [lmt, Xs, H] trace sensitivity curve it is different when zero passage, can unique identification.Therefore in the larger situation of Voltage Drop
Under, selection parameter [lmt, Xs,H,s0,Kwg,Kim] it is used as parameter to be identified.
The comprehensive PSO and LM methods of step 5) carry out parameter to the power distribution network generalized load modeling of the wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism and distinguish
Know.
If operating mode is:Kwg=50%, Kim=50%, based on the detailed model of Matlab/Simulink platform buildings, imitate
The true three-phase voltage that obtains falls lower broad sense load outlet active power and the disturbed path of reactive power, and as benchmark, is based on
The simplified model of distribution networks of the wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism proposed is fitted, and recognizes each parameter in simplified model accordingly.
Optimum results are first obtained using PSO methods during identification, then are locally sought on the basis of PSO optimum results using LM algorithms
It is excellent.
Object function is
In Kwg=50%, KimParameter identification result under=50% operating mode is shown in Table 1.Three-phase voltage falls 20%UNUnder
The parameter identification result of PSO methods, is shown in Table 1.
1 Voltage Drop 20%U of tableNThe parameter identification result of lower PSO methods
Initial point of the step 6) using the result of PSO algorithms as LM algorithms, carries out local optimal searching, object function and population
Algorithm object function is consistent, and LM algorithms identification result, is shown in Table 2 under Voltage Drop 20%UN.Choose the identification of error minimum in table 2
As a result the final identifier as parameter, the 2nd row parameter being shown in Table in 2.Carried out according to the identification result of parameter actual with distinguishing
Know the simulation curve contrast of result, see Fig. 9.
2 Voltage Drop 20%U of tableNThe parameter identification result of lower LM methods
Using identical method, Voltage Drop 80%U can be obtainedNPSO and LM methods parameter identification result, be shown in Table 3.
Parameter identification result under 3 Voltage Drop 50%UN of table
Step 7) chooses final identifier of the identification result of error minimum in table 3 as parameter, the 3rd be shown in Table in 3
Row parameter.Actual and identification result simulation curve is carried out according to the identification result of parameter to contrast, and sees Figure 10.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, some improvement and deformation can also be made, these are improved and deformation
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of power distribution network broad sense load modeling method of wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism, it is characterized in that, include the following steps:
1) simplified model of direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines is established;
2) being exported in Wind turbines sets three-phase symmetric voltage to fall, by the active power under a certain Voltage Drop scene and idle
The disturbed path of power as reference, is carried out curve fitting, first using particle group optimizing based on the simplified model that step 1) is established
Algorithm obtains optimum results, then using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms on the basis of particle swarm optimization algorithm optimum results
Further local optimal searching, finally obtains the identifier of each parameter in direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines simplified model;
On the basis of parameter identification result, analyze under other Voltage Drop scenes actual disturbed path with based on parameter identification value
Disturbed path deviation, the adaptability of analysis model;
3) simplified model that step 1) is established is in parallel with traditional load, what the tradition load represented is static load, is built
The power distribution network generalized load modeling structure of the vertical wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism;
4) being exported in broad sense load sets balanced three-phase voltage to fall disturbance, active power that broad sense load is exported, idle work(
Rate calculates the trace sensitivity of each parameter in generalized load modeling as signal is exported;According to trace sensitivity amplitude size, really
Determine the emphasis parameter in generalized load modeling;According to trace sensitivity phase, the identifiability of generalized load modeling parameter is determined,
The emphasis parameter refers to:In the trace sensitivity of all parameters, trace sensitivity numerical value is selected to be more than or equal to track spirit
One or more parameters of η times of sensitivity minimum value are empirically worth selection as emphasis parameter, η;
5) the emphasis parameter determined according to step 4), sets its search range and generates initial value at random;Set with step 4)
Voltage Drop disturbs, and active power, reactive power based on the outlet of broad sense load are as signal is referred to, using Particle Swarm Optimization
Emphasis parameter in method identification generalized load modeling;
6) using the initial value based on the parameter identification result of particle swarm optimization algorithm as Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms,
Local optimal searching is further carried out using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms, obtains the final identification result of parameter;
7) actual locus and the deviation of the emulation path based on identification result are calculated, chooses parameter identification during Deviation Indices minimum
As a result, as final parameter identification value.
2. a kind of power distribution network broad sense load modeling method of wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism according to claim 1, its feature
It is that the simplified model of direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines includes active link and idle link in the step 1);The active link
Input quantity be the deviation of Wind turbines active power reference value and active power actual value, output element is d shaft currents;It is described
The input quantity of idle link is related with the control mode of Wind turbines.
3. a kind of power distribution network broad sense load modeling method of wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism according to claim 1, its feature
It is that curve matching recognizes direct-drive permanent-magnetism wind turbine model parameter in the step 2), and the object function of identification is Deviation Indices
err1Reach minimum,
I.e.:Wherein, n1For in identification time window
Total points;Pest(k) and Qest(k) be respectively emulated in identification time window based on identification result for k-th it is directly driven wind-powered
The active power and reactive power of machine set outlet;Preal(k) and Qreal(k) it is respectively to be based on reality k-th in identification time window
Value emulation obtains the active power and reactive power of directly driven wind-powered machine set outlet.
4. a kind of power distribution network broad sense load modeling method of wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism according to claim 1, its feature
It is that the acquisition methods of trace sensitivity are as follows in the step 4):
41) numerical value of parameter θ to be identified is increased into Δ θ, the power distribution network broad sense load based on Matlab/Simulink platform buildings
Grid-connected system, emulation obtain the disturbed track y (θ) of observed quantity y, and wherein Δ θ is increment, the θ of Δ θ=10%0, wherein θ0To wait to distinguish
Know the initial value of parameter θ;
42) numerical value of parameter θ to be identified is reduced into Δ θ, emulation obtains the disturbed track y ' (θ) of observed quantity y;
43) according to formulaThe trace sensitivity S of calculating parameter θj, in formula, n is observation
The sampled point number of amount.
5. a kind of power distribution network broad sense load modeling method of wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism according to claim 1, its feature
It is η=5.
6. a kind of power distribution network broad sense load modeling method of wind power plant containing direct-drive permanent-magnetism according to claim 1, its feature
It is the emphasis parameter in step 5) the identification broad sense loadWhen, the object function of identification is Deviation Indices err2Reach most
It is small,
I.e.:Wherein θmaxAnd θminPoint
Not Wei parameter to be identified maximum set value and minimum setting value, n2For total points in identification time window;Pest(k) and Qest
(k) active power of k-th of directly driven wind-powered machine set outlet emulated based on identification result in time window is respectively recognized
And reactive power;Preal(k) and Qreal(k) be respectively emulate to obtain based on actual value for k-th in identification time window it is directly driven wind-powered
The active power and reactive power of machine set outlet.
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CN111651939B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2024-02-06 | 华北电力大学 | Permanent magnet wind power plant dynamic equivalent modeling method considering control parameter difference of converter |
CN111725840B (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2021-09-21 | 浙江大学 | Parameter identification method for direct-drive wind generating set controller |
CN114462218B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2023-01-24 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Simulation method and simulation device for power consumption of power electronic equipment |
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