CN106053125A - Soil collecting device for cave drip water and fissure water in karst region - Google Patents
Soil collecting device for cave drip water and fissure water in karst region Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种喀斯特地区洞穴滴水、裂隙水的土壤收集装置，包括土壤收集器、支架（11）和微波干燥装置（12），支架（11）活动安装在土壤收集器的底部，土壤收集器从上至下分为三部分，第一部分包括尼龙网纱布（1）、第一层尼龙网筛（2）和石英砂（3），第二部分包括第二层尼龙网筛（4）和高密度海绵（5），第三部分包括集水盆（6）和细滤网（7），在集水盆（6）的底部连接有排水管（8），在排水管（8）的下方放置有容器（9）。本发明具有结构简单、测量精确度高、操作维修方便、结实耐用、节能高效、成本低廉、可连续作业等特点，对研究土壤流失量与降水响应方面有明显的优势。
The invention discloses a soil collection device for cave dripping water and crevice water in karst areas, which comprises a soil collector, a support (11) and a microwave drying device (12). The device is divided into three parts from top to bottom, the first part includes nylon mesh cloth (1), the first layer of nylon mesh (2) and quartz sand (3), the second part includes the second layer of nylon mesh (4) and The high-density sponge (5), the third part includes the water collecting basin (6) and the fine strainer (7), the drain pipe (8) is connected to the bottom of the water collecting basin (6), and the drain pipe (8) is below Container (9) is placed. The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, high measurement accuracy, convenient operation and maintenance, strong and durable, energy saving and high efficiency, low cost, continuous operation, etc., and has obvious advantages in the research of soil loss and precipitation response.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种土壤收集装置，尤其涉及一种喀斯特地区洞穴滴水、裂隙水的土壤收集装置。The invention relates to a soil collection device, in particular to a soil collection device for cave dripping water and crevice water in karst areas.
背景技术Background technique
目前，在国内外用于水处理的装置主要包括曲面底一体化污水装置、筛网式圆形沉沙排沙池、沉淀池、沉清池等，但这些装置主要是针对浑水、污水的过滤处理，而且主要是针对地表水土的流失，均不针对地下土壤的收集，且设计较复杂。而针对于喀斯特地区广泛分布的洞穴内滴水、裂隙水的土壤收集装置则十分少见，并且喀斯特地区地下水土流失是较为严重的一部分。国内外通常用一些管子埋藏于土壤内，简单的来收集其地下水土流失情况，其测量精确度较低，同时对土壤也有较大扰动，无法实现实际意义上对水土流失的监测。At present, the devices used for water treatment at home and abroad mainly include integrated sewage devices with curved bottoms, screen-type circular sedimentation and sand discharge tanks, sedimentation tanks, sedimentation tanks, etc., but these devices are mainly for the filtration of muddy water and sewage. Treatment, and mainly for the loss of surface water and soil, not for the collection of underground soil, and the design is more complicated. However, soil collection devices for dripping water and crevice water in caves widely distributed in karst areas are very rare, and groundwater and soil loss in karst areas is a relatively serious part. At home and abroad, some pipes are usually buried in the soil to simply collect the groundwater and soil loss. The measurement accuracy is low, and the soil is also greatly disturbed, so it is impossible to monitor the soil and water loss in the actual sense.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种结构简便、使用可靠、测量精度高的喀斯特地区洞穴滴水、裂隙水的土壤收集装置，实现对地下水土流失的精准监测，从而克服上述现有技术存在的不足。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a soil collection device for dripping water and crevice water in caves in karst areas with simple structure, reliable use and high measurement accuracy, so as to realize accurate monitoring of underground water and soil loss, thereby overcoming the existing problems of the above-mentioned prior art. insufficient.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案如下：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
一种喀斯特地区洞穴滴水、裂隙水的土壤收集装置，它包括土壤收集器、支架和微波干燥装置，支架活动安装在土壤收集器的底部，土壤收集器从上至下分为三部分，第一部分包括尼龙网纱布、第一层尼龙网筛和石英砂，尼龙网纱布固定在第一层尼龙网筛的顶部，石英砂放置在第一层尼龙网筛内；第二部分包括第二层尼龙网筛和高密度海绵，高密度海绵放置在第二层尼龙网筛内；第三部分包括集水盆和细滤网，细滤网固定安装在集水盆的中部，在集水盆的底部连接有排水管，在排水管的下方放置有容器。A soil collection device for dripping water and crevice water in karst areas, which includes a soil collector, a bracket and a microwave drying device. The bracket is movably installed at the bottom of the soil collector. The soil collector is divided into three parts from top to bottom. The first part Including nylon mesh gauze, the first layer of nylon mesh and quartz sand, the nylon mesh cloth is fixed on the top of the first layer of nylon mesh, and the quartz sand is placed in the first layer of nylon mesh; the second part includes the second layer of nylon mesh Sieve and high-density sponge, the high-density sponge is placed in the second layer of nylon mesh screen; the third part includes the collection basin and the fine filter, the fine filter is fixedly installed in the middle of the collection basin, and connected at the bottom of the collection basin There is a drain pipe, and a container is placed under the drain pipe.
上述的喀斯特地区洞穴滴水、裂隙水的土壤收集装置中，还可以在排水管上安装有自动压力阀门。In the above-mentioned soil collection device for dripping water in caves and fissure water in the karst area, an automatic pressure valve can also be installed on the drainpipe.
前述的喀斯特地区洞穴滴水、裂隙水的土壤收集装置中，微波干燥装置采用微波炉，功率为800～1000w。In the aforementioned soil collection device for cave dripping water and crevice water in the karst area, the microwave drying device adopts a microwave oven with a power of 800-1000w.
前述的喀斯特地区洞穴滴水、裂隙水的土壤收集装置中，尼龙网纱布最好采用100～150目尼龙网纱布，第一层尼龙网筛最好采用250～300目尼龙网筛，第二层尼龙网筛最好采用500～600目尼龙网筛，高密度海绵的密度为45kg～55/m3，细滤网最好采用600～700目尼龙滤网，排水管采用PVC管，容器采用塑料烧杯。In the above-mentioned soil collection devices for dripping water and crevice water in caves in karst areas, the nylon gauze cloth is preferably 100-150 mesh nylon gauze cloth, the first layer of nylon mesh screen is preferably 250-300 mesh nylon mesh screen, and the second layer of nylon mesh It is best to use 500-600 mesh nylon mesh screen, the density of high-density sponge is 45kg~55/m 3 , the best fine filter mesh is 600~700 mesh nylon filter mesh, the drainage pipe is PVC pipe, and the container is plastic beaker .
前述的喀斯特地区洞穴滴水、裂隙水的土壤收集装置中，排水管的顶部最好高出集水盆底部1～2cm。In the aforementioned soil collection device for dripping water in caves and crevice water in karst areas, the top of the drainage pipe is preferably 1-2 cm higher than the bottom of the catchment basin.
前述的喀斯特地区洞穴滴水、裂隙水的土壤收集装置中，尼龙网纱布、高密度海绵、细滤网、排水管和容器的数量为一个或两个以上。In the aforementioned soil collection device for cave dripping and crevice water in the karst area, the number of nylon mesh gauze, high-density sponge, fine filter, drainpipe and container is one or more than two.
本发明的有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明主要运用于喀斯特洞穴土壤收集，通过其对洞穴滴水及其裂隙水实施监测，它采用尼龙网纱、尼龙网筛进行过滤，同时采用石英砂、高密度海绵对土壤溶液吸附处理，以达到所需目的，具有结构简单、测量精确度高、操作维修方便、结实耐用、节能高效、成本低廉、可连续作业等特点，能够长期有效地在西南喀斯特洞穴中采集土壤溶液，同时最大限度的保持原样中土壤吸附率，对土壤扰动小，每次采样时将装置中存集的土壤全部清洗入塑料烧杯中保存，并进行微波干燥，对研究土壤流失量与降水响应方面有明显的优势。Beneficial effects of the present invention: Compared with the prior art, the present invention is mainly used in the collection of karst cave soil, through which the dripping water of the cave and its crevice water are monitored. Sand and high-density sponge can adsorb and treat the soil solution to achieve the desired purpose. It has the characteristics of simple structure, high measurement accuracy, convenient operation and maintenance, strong and durable, energy-saving and high-efficiency, low cost, and continuous operation. Soil solution was collected from karst caves in Southwest China, while maintaining the soil adsorption rate in the original sample to the greatest extent, with little disturbance to the soil. When sampling, all the soil stored in the device was washed into a plastic beaker for storage, and dried by microwave. There are obvious advantages in terms of soil loss and precipitation response.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
具体实施方式detailed description
实施例1：如图1所示，包括土壤收集器、三角支架11和微波干燥装置12，三角支架11活动安装在土壤收集器的底部，以便根据洞穴内地面崎岖性更好的固定土壤收集器；微波干燥装置12采用微波炉（功率为800～1000w），主要用于对土壤收集器在一定时间内收集到的土壤溶液进行微波加热至干燥以获取土壤。土壤收集器从上至下分为三部分，每一层通过内扣相互连接在一起成为一个整体，第一部分包括100目的尼龙网纱布1，250目的第一层尼龙网筛2和石英砂3，该部分主要进行初步过滤，即尼龙网纱布1主要过滤直径＞110μm以上的土壤；石英砂3主要用于吸附土壤水中直径＜149μm以上的土壤；第一层尼龙网筛2主要用于过滤直径＞44μm以上的土壤；尼龙网纱布1采用橡皮筋固定在第一层尼龙网筛2的顶部，使其呈“U”型，主要是由于洞穴顶部距洞底有一定的高度，为防止洞穴滴水、裂隙水下滴过程中发生溅射而设计成“U”型。石英砂3放置在第一层尼龙网筛2内；第二部分包括第二层尼龙网筛4和高密度海绵5，第二层尼龙网筛4采用500目尼龙网筛，主要用于吸附直径大于＞20μm以上的土壤；高密度海绵5采用密度为50kg/m3的海绵，主要用于吸附直径＜44μm的土壤；高密度海绵5放置在第二层尼龙网筛4内；第三部分包括集水盆6和细滤网7，细滤网采用600目尼龙滤网，主要用于过滤直径＞20μm以上的土壤；细滤网7固定安装在集水盆6的中部，在集水盆6的底部中央连接有排水管8，排水管8采用PVC管，主要作用是对过滤后的溶液进行排除，以达到长期收集土壤水的目的；排水管8的顶部高出集水盆6底部1-2cm，以保证洞穴滴水、裂隙水中土壤有足够时间沉积，防止未过滤完整的土壤流失。在排水管8的出水口正下方放置有容器9，容器9采用塑料烧杯，用于观察滤液是否过滤干净，并存集土壤清洗液。在排水管8上安装有自动压力阀门10，当集水盆6中水量累积到一定程度时，该阀门可以自动打开将水排放到容器9中。根据实际情况，尼龙网纱布1、高密度海绵5、细滤网7、排水管8和容器9的数量也可以设置为两个以上。Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, comprise soil collector, tripod 11 and microwave drying device 12, tripod 11 is movably installed in the bottom of soil collector, so that better fixed soil collector according to ground ruggedness in the cave The microwave drying device 12 adopts a microwave oven (with a power of 800-1000w), which is mainly used to microwave the soil solution collected by the soil collector within a certain period of time until it is dried to obtain soil. The soil collector is divided into three parts from top to bottom, and each layer is connected to each other through inner buckles to form a whole. The first part includes 100-mesh nylon gauze cloth 1, the first layer of 250-mesh nylon mesh 2 and quartz sand 3, This part is mainly for preliminary filtration, that is, the nylon mesh gauze 1 mainly filters the soil with a diameter > 110 μm; the quartz sand 3 is mainly used for absorbing the soil with a diameter of < 149 μm in the soil water; The soil above 44 μm; Nylon mesh gauze 1 is fixed on the top of the first layer of nylon mesh 2 with rubber bands, making it in a "U" shape, mainly because the top of the cave has a certain height from the bottom of the cave, in order to prevent the cave from dripping, Sputtering occurs during the dripping process of crevice water and is designed as a "U" shape. Quartz sand 3 is placed in the first layer of nylon mesh 2; the second part includes the second layer of nylon mesh 4 and high-density sponge 5, and the second layer of nylon mesh 4 adopts a 500-mesh nylon mesh, which is mainly used for adsorption diameter Soil larger than >20μm; high-density sponge 5 adopts sponge with a density of 50kg/ m3 , mainly used to absorb soil with a diameter of <44μm; high-density sponge 5 is placed in the second layer of nylon mesh 4; the third part includes The water collection basin 6 and the fine filter screen 7, the fine filter screen adopts 600 mesh nylon filter screen, mainly used for filtering the soil with a diameter > 20 μm; The central part of the bottom of the drainpipe 8 is connected with a drainpipe 8, and the drainpipe 8 adopts a PVC pipe. The main function is to remove the filtered solution to achieve the purpose of collecting soil water for a long time; 2cm, to ensure that the soil in the dripping water and crevice water has enough time to settle, and prevent the loss of unfiltered complete soil. Just below the water outlet of drainpipe 8 is placed container 9, and container 9 adopts plastics beaker, is used to observe whether filtrate is filtered clean, and deposits soil cleaning liquid. An automatic pressure valve 10 is installed on the drain pipe 8 , and when the amount of water in the sump basin 6 accumulates to a certain degree, the valve can be automatically opened to discharge the water into the container 9 . According to actual conditions, the number of nylon mesh gauze 1, high-density sponge 5, fine filter screen 7, drainage pipe 8 and container 9 can also be set to more than two.
使用时，首先，将组装好的本装置放入洞穴滴水、裂隙水下方，并用支架11固定；洞穴滴水、裂隙水在进入土壤收集装置后先经过第一层尼龙网纱布1，该尼龙网纱布呈“U”形以保证滴水、裂隙水能全部进入收集装置内；经过初步过滤后，洞穴滴水、裂隙水进入石英砂内3，由于石英砂3具有吸附作用，从而进一步对洞穴滴水、裂隙水内的土壤进行吸附；接着进入到第一层尼龙网筛2的底部，该层尼龙网筛的密度大于尼龙网纱布的密度，以达到进一步过滤的作用。When in use, at first, put the assembled device under the cave dripping water and crevice water, and fix it with a bracket 11; the cave dripping water and crevice water pass through the first layer of nylon gauze 1 after entering the soil collection device, and the nylon gauze cloth It is in a "U" shape to ensure that dripping water and crevice water can all enter the collection device; after preliminary filtration, cave dripping water and crevice water enter the quartz sand 3, and the quartz sand 3 has adsorption effect, thereby further reducing cave dripping water and crevice water. Then enter the bottom of the first layer of nylon mesh sieve 2, the density of this layer of nylon mesh sieve is greater than the density of nylon mesh gauze, to reach the effect of further filtration.
其次，当洞穴滴水、裂隙水进入到第二层尼龙网筛4时，经过的是高密度海绵5，由于高密度海绵5的吸附能力较强，可以很好的吸附洞穴滴水、裂隙水中的土壤颗粒，以达到进一步过滤的作用；后经过第二层尼龙网筛4，此网筛的密度明显高于第一层尼龙网筛2的密度，该层尼龙网筛能进一步对洞穴水进行深度的过滤。Secondly, when the cave dripping water and crevice water enter the second layer of nylon mesh screen 4, it passes through the high-density sponge 5. Because the high-density sponge 5 has a strong adsorption capacity, it can well absorb the soil in the cave dripping water and crevice water. Particles, to achieve the effect of further filtration; After passing through the second layer of nylon mesh screen 4, the density of this mesh screen is obviously higher than that of the first layer of nylon mesh screen 2, and this layer of nylon mesh screen can further filter the depth of cave water. filter.
接着，洞穴滴水、裂隙水进入到集水盆6内，此时在集水盆6中上部放置有细滤网7，该细滤网7的密度在整个收集装置内的密度达到最高，也是最终的过滤程序。由于在前面经过层层过滤与吸附，洞穴滴水、裂隙水内含的土壤颗粒已经大大减少，所以该层主要是深度的过滤，过滤速度可能较前面过滤装置较慢，为保证其过滤能完整实施，该层的集水盆6高度是上面两层尼龙网筛的总和。过滤完的水流入到集水盆6的底部，该底部与PVC管8连接且高于集水盆6的底部1-2cm，目的是为了防止未过滤好的洞穴滴水、裂隙水直接流出，使其在底部有一定的时间沉积。同时在PVC管8流水口处安装自动压力阀门10，当水的压力达到一定阀值时自动打开，以达到排水的同时保证洞穴滴水、裂隙水在集水盆6内有一定的缓冲沉积时间。Then, cave dripping water and crevice water enter in the catchment basin 6. At this time, a fine filter screen 7 is placed on the middle and upper part of the catchment basin 6. The density of the fine filter screen 7 reaches the highest density in the entire collection device, which is the final result. filter program. Due to the layer-by-layer filtration and adsorption in the front, the soil particles contained in the dripping water and crevice water have been greatly reduced, so this layer is mainly for deep filtration, and the filtration speed may be slower than that of the previous filtration device. In order to ensure that the filtration can be completely implemented , the height of the catch basin 6 of this layer is the sum of the upper two layers of nylon mesh screens. The filtered water flows into the bottom of the water collection basin 6, which is connected with the PVC pipe 8 and is higher than the bottom 1-2cm of the water collection basin 6, in order to prevent unfiltered cave dripping and crevice water from directly flowing out, so that It has a certain time to settle on the bottom. Simultaneously, automatic pressure valve 10 is installed at the water outlet of PVC pipe 8. When the pressure of water reaches a certain threshold, it is automatically opened to ensure that cave dripping and fissure water have a certain buffer deposition time in catchment basin 6 while reaching drainage.
最后，洞穴滴水、裂隙水进入塑料烧杯9内，也是为了给予洞穴滴水、裂隙水一定的缓冲时间，目的是为了检测土壤收集装置是否达到所需。本装置的时间监测尺度以每月或每个季度为节点。当达到一定时间后，将本装置移到洞穴外，然后将每一层取下（注：每一层连接均为内扣，可以取下），用去离子水清洗3次，收集装置内土壤，放入塑料烧杯内，将其带回室内放入微波炉内，微波炉的功率调至800～ 1000W烘干，获取所需土壤。Finally, cave dripping, fissure water enters in the plastic beaker 9, also in order to give cavern dripping, fissure water certain buffer time, purpose is in order to detect whether the soil collection device meets the requirement. The time monitoring scale of the device is based on monthly or quarterly nodes. When a certain period of time is reached, move the device out of the cave, and then remove each layer (note: each layer is connected with an inner buckle, which can be removed), wash it with deionized water for 3 times, and collect the soil in the device , put it in a plastic beaker, bring it back to the room and put it in a microwave oven. The power of the microwave oven is adjusted to 800-1000W for drying to obtain the required soil.
本发明的实施方式不限于上述实施例，在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出的各种变化均属于本发明的保护范围之内。The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and various changes made without departing from the gist of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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