CN106052931B - Multi-rope hoisting steel wire rope tension self-balancing test bed and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-rope lifting wire rope tension self-balancing test bench and method, the test bench comprises a frame, a tension balancing mechanism installed on the frame, a dynamic excitation loading mechanism and a data acquisition detection system; the frame comprises a base, a vertical beam, an upper beam, an auxiliary measuring frame, an upper limit beam, a lower limit beam, a rope head plate fixed beam, and an auxiliary loading beam, the tension balancing mechanism comprises a rope head plate, a rope head assembly, a wheel plate, a bracket pulley, a guide pulley, an adjustment wire rope, a lifting ring, and a tightening rope device, the dynamic excitation loading mechanism comprises an electric cylinder, a bracket pulley, a lifting ring, a bracket movable pulley, a loading wire rope, and a traction wire rope, and the data acquisition detection system comprises a first tension sensor, a second tension sensor, a limit switch, a data acquisition card, and a host computer. The invention can also monitor and automatically adjust the tension of each wire rope in a multi-rope friction lifting system in real time.

Description

A multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing test bench and method

technical field

The invention relates to a multi-rope lifting steel wire rope tension self-balancing test bench and a method.

Background technique

In the multi-rope friction hoisting system, the load sharing of each wire rope has an extremely important impact on the safety and economy of the hoisting system, so the tension balance device is very important. At present, the tension balance adjustment method of the steel wire rope in the hoisting system is mainly to control the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder through the hydraulic system or mechanism, and then adjust the length of the rope to balance the tension; this adjustment method has a long adjustment stroke, but requires manual participation, heavy workload, and time delay. If it is too long, it is easy to cause unnecessary accidents and is not conducive to the efficient operation of the lifting system.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing test bench and method capable of real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the tension of each wire rope.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing test bench, including a frame, a tension balance mechanism installed on the frame, a dynamic excitation loading mechanism and a data acquisition and detection system;

The frame includes a base, two sections of vertical beams perpendicular to the base, an upper beam placed on the top of the vertical beams, an auxiliary measuring frame located on one side of the upper part of the vertical beams, an upper limit beam and a lower limit beam located on the other side of the upper part of the vertical beams. Position beams, rope head plate fixed beams located on both sides of the middle of the vertical beam, and auxiliary loading beams located on both sides of the lower part of the vertical beam;

The tension balance mechanism includes a rope head plate fixed on the middle part of the rope head plate fixing beam, and a plurality of rope head assemblies are arranged on the rope head plate, and the upper part of each rope head assembly is located between the upper limit beam and the lower limit beam. A wheel board, with a bracket pulley on the upper surface of the wheel board, a guide pulley, a suspension ring and a tensioning rope device on the upper beam, one end of the adjustment wire rope is fixed on the suspension ring, and the other end of the adjustment wire rope bypasses each bracket pulley and guide in turn. After the pulley is connected with the tensioning rope device, the rope head assembly is driven to move up and down by tightening or loosening the steel wire rope through the tensioning rope device;

The dynamic excitation loading mechanism includes an electric cylinder horizontally fixed on the base, a bracket pulley and a suspension ring fixed on the auxiliary loading beam, a bracket movable pulley is arranged directly above the bracket pulley and the suspension ring, the electric cylinder, the bracket pulley, the suspension ring , The bracket movable pulley and the rope head components are equal in number and correspond to each other. The front end of the piston of each electric cylinder is equipped with a slider, which can slide in the slide rail. One end of the traction wire rope is fixed on the lifting ring, and the other end goes around the bracket movable pulley in turn. After being connected with the bracket pulley, it is connected with the slider, one end of the loading wire rope is fixed on the bracket movable pulley, and the other end of the loading wire rope is fixed on the lower part of the rope head assembly;

The data acquisition and detection system includes a tension measurement assembly fixed on the auxiliary measuring frame, the tension measurement assembly includes a mounting frame between the support pulley and the guide pulley, the mounting frame is provided with a first tension sensor, and the first tension sensor There are double U-shaped bracket pulleys on the top, and there are pulleys on the upper and lower sides of the double U-shaped bracket pulleys. The steel wire rope is adjusted to pass through the upper side pulleys of the double U-shaped bracket pulleys, the double U-shaped bracket pulleys and the lower side pulleys of the double U-shaped bracket pulleys. ; There is a second tension sensor at the connection between the loading wire rope and the slider, limit switches are respectively installed on the upper limit beam and the lower limit beam, and the second tension sensor, the first tension sensor and the limit switch are respectively connected to the upper position through the data acquisition card. machine.

Further, the rope tightening device includes a rope guide pulley, through which the adjustment wire rope of the rope guide pulley is connected to the rope tightener, the upper part of the rope tightener is a wedge-shaped rope head self-locking mechanism, the lower part of the rope tightener is a slider, and the slider There is a threaded hole in the center, two light holes are arranged on both sides of the threaded hole, the polished rod passes through the light hole, the lead screw passes through the threaded hole, the end of the lead screw is connected with the large gear, the small gear meshes with the large gear, and the motor is connected with the small gear.

Further, a bracket is provided between the base and the vertical beam.

Further, two bracket pulleys are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the wheel board.

Further, there are two rows of guide pulleys, the central axis of the guide pulley is perpendicular to the central axis of the support pulley, and the guide pulley and the support pulley are vertically tangent.

Further, the middle part of the rope head assembly passes through the guide hole of the rope head plate, and a buffer spring is sleeved on the rope head assembly between the wheel plate and the rope head plate.

Further, the pulley is tangent to the adjustment wire rope in the vertical direction, the bottom of the upper side pulley of the double U-shaped bracket pulley is tangent to the top of the double U-shaped bracket pulley in the horizontal direction, and the top of the lower side pulley of the double U-shaped bracket pulley is connected to the top of the double U-shaped bracket pulley. The bottom of the double U-shaped bracket pulley is tangential in the horizontal direction.

According to the multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing method of the above-mentioned test bench, the method comprises the following steps:

A. Simulate the unbalanced tension state of each steel wire rope during the multi-rope lifting process: the electric cylinder piston rod of the dynamic excitation loading mechanism is stretched out, and the movable pulley of the support is pulled down to realize the dynamic loading of the loaded steel wire rope. The extension distance of each electric cylinder piston rod is different. The tension of each loaded wire rope is also different, and then the unbalanced tension state of each wire rope during the multi-rope lifting process is simulated;

B. Adjust the tension balance of the loaded wire rope through the tension balance mechanism: under the different tension states of each loaded wire rope, the height position of the rope head assembly in the tension balance mechanism changes, and at this time the height position of the bracket pulley on the wheel board also changes accordingly. When at rest, the rope head assembly is in a balanced state, and the force in the vertical direction is balanced, that is, the tension of the loaded wire rope on the lower end of the rope head assembly is the same as the tension of the adjustment wire rope on the upper end. A steel wire rope, so the tension on the upper end of each rope head assembly is the same, so the tension on the lower end of the rope head assembly is also the same, that is, the tension of the loaded wire rope is balanced;

C. Detection of tension balance results and real-time monitoring of the test bench system: while adjusting the tension balance of the loading wire rope, the first tension sensor and the second tension sensor respectively measure the tension of the adjustment wire rope and the loading wire rope to complete the tension measurement. The detection of the balance result; while the tension balance mechanism is adjusted, the limit switches located on the upper limit beam and the lower limit beam limit the height of the bracket pulley. When the bracket pulley touches the limit switch, it indicates that the tension balance mechanism If it exceeds the adjustment range, an alarm will be triggered at this time to complete the real-time monitoring of the test bench system.

The invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, reliable performance, simple installation and maintenance, and can monitor and automatically adjust the tension of each steel wire rope in real time. Has the following advantages:

(1) The dynamic loading of the loading wire rope is realized by pulling down the moving pulley of the bracket by extending the electric cylinder arranged horizontally, which has a simple structure and saves space.

(2) The tension balance mechanism adopts the pulley block system, which has simple structure, convenient operation, quick adjustment without delay, and intuitive effect.

(3) The data acquisition and detection system is real-time and accurate to ensure that the results of tension balance adjustment are accurate and true.

Description of drawings

The structural representation of Fig. 1 test bench of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a tension measuring assembly;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of rope end assembly;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of dynamic excitation loading mechanism;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of tightening rope device;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the guide pulley and the support pulley in the tension balance mechanism.

In the figure: 1-frame, 1-1-base, 1-2-vertical beam, 1-3-upper beam, 1-4-auxiliary measuring frame, 1-5-rope head plate fixed beam, 1-6- Auxiliary loading beam, 1-7-bracket, 1-8-upper limit beam, 1-9-lower limit beam, 2-tension balance mechanism, 2-1-rope head plate, 2-2-rope head assembly, 2- 3-wheel plate, 2-4-bracket pulley, 2-5-guide pulley, 2-6-adjusting wire rope, 2-7-hanging ring, 2-8-tightening rope device, 2-9-guide rope pulley, 2 -10-polished rod, 2-11-screw, 2-12-rope tightener, 2-13-motor, 2-14-pinion, 2-15-big gear, 3-dynamic excitation loading mechanism, 3-1 -Electric cylinder, 3-2-bracket pulley, 3-3-hanging ring, 3-4-bracket moving pulley, 3-5-loading wire rope, 3-6-traction wire rope, 4-data acquisition and detection system, 4-1-tension Measuring components, 4-2-second tension sensor, 4-3-data acquisition card, 4-4-host computer, 4-5-installation frame, 4-6-first tension sensor, 4-7-double U-shaped Support pulley, 4-8-pulley; 4-9-limit switch, 5, buffer spring.

Detailed ways:

The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing test bench of the present invention includes a frame 1 , a tension balance mechanism 2 installed on the frame 1 , a dynamic excitation loading mechanism 3 and a data acquisition and detection system 4 .

The frame 1 includes a base 1-1, two vertical beams 1-2 perpendicular to the base 1-1, an upper beam 1-3 placed on the top of the vertical beam 1-2, and a top beam 1-2 positioned at the top of the vertical beam 1-2. Auxiliary measuring frame 1-4 on the side, upper limit beam 1-8 and lower limit beam 1-9 on the other side of the upper part of the vertical beam 1-2, and rope head plate fixing beams 1 on both sides of the middle of the vertical beam 1-2 -5. Auxiliary loading beams 1-6 located on both sides of the lower part of the vertical beam 1-2, and a bracket 1-7 is provided between the base 1-1 and the vertical beam 1-2.

As shown in Figures 1, 3 and 6, the tension balance mechanism 2 includes a rope head plate 2-1 fixed on the middle part of the rope head plate fixed beam 1-5, and the rope head plate 2-1 is provided with five rope head assemblies 2-2 , a wheel plate 2-3 is arranged between the upper limit beam 1-8 and the lower limit beam 1-9 at the top of each rope head assembly 2-2, and the wheel plate 2-3 is fixed between two nuts, and the nut Threaded with the upper end of the rope head assembly 2-2, two support pulleys 2-4 are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the wheel plate 2-3, and the middle part of the rope head assembly 2-2 passes through the guide hole of the rope head plate 2-1 , on the rope head assembly 2-2 between the wheel plate 2-3 and the rope head plate 2-1, a buffer spring 5 is sleeved. On upper beam 1-3, be provided with guide pulley 2-5, suspension ring 2-7 and tightening rope device 2-8, guide pulley 2-5 quantity and installation position are determined according to support pulley 2-4. In this embodiment, the guide pulleys 2-5 are in two rows, and the central axis of the guide pulleys 2-5 is perpendicular to the central axis of the bracket pulley 2-4. Pulleys 2-4 are tangential in the vertical direction. One end of the adjustment wire rope 2-6 is fixed on the suspension ring 2-7, and the other end of the adjustment wire rope 2-6 bypasses each bracket pulley 2-4 and the direction pulley 2-5 in turn, and is connected with the tensioning rope device 2-8 after the tensioning rope is adjusted. The rope device 2-8 tightens or unclamps and adjusts the wire rope 2-6 to drive the rope head assembly 2-2 to move up and down.

As shown in Figures 1 and 5, the said tensioning rope device 2-8 comprises a guide rope pulley 2-9, and the adjustment steel wire rope 2-6 by the guide rope pulley 2-9 is connected on the rope tightener 2-12, and the rope is tightened The upper part of the device 2-12 is a wedge-shaped rope end self-locking mechanism, and the wedge-shaped rope end self-locking mechanism includes a wedge-shaped block arranged in a wedge-shaped groove. There are two light holes on the side, the light rod 2-10 passes through the light hole, the lead screw 2-11 passes through the threaded hole, the end of the lead screw 2-11 is connected to the large gear 2-15, the pinion 2-14 is connected to the large gear 2- 15 meshing, motor 2-13 is connected with pinion 2-14. The adjustment wire rope 2-6 penetrates into the wedge-shaped groove and is clamped and fixed by the wedge-shaped block, and the motor 2-13 drives the gear to rotate so that the rope tightener 2-12 slides on the polished rod 2-10, thereby realizing tightening or loosening the adjustment wire rope 2 -6.

As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the dynamic excitation loading mechanism 3 includes an electric cylinder 3-1 horizontally fixed on the base 1-1, a support pulley 3-2 and a suspension ring 3-2 fixed on the auxiliary loading beam 1-6. 3. A bracket moving pulley 3-4, an electric cylinder 3-1, a bracket pulley 3-2, a suspension ring 3-3, a bracket moving pulley 3-4 and a rope are arranged directly above the bracket pulley 3-2 and the suspension ring 3-3. The number of head assemblies 2-2 is equal, all five, and one-to-one correspondence, the front end of the piston of each electric cylinder 3-1 is provided with a slider 3-7, and the slider 3-7 can slide in the slide rail 3-8 One end of the traction wire rope 3-6 is fixed on the suspension ring 3-3, the other end is connected with the slider 3-7 after bypassing the bracket movable pulley 3-4 and the bracket pulley 3-2 in turn, and one end of the loading wire rope 3-5 is fixed on the bracket movable pulley 3-4, the other end of the loading wire rope 3-5 is fixed on the bottom of the rope head assembly 2-2. The electric cylinder 3-1 piston rod of the dynamic excitation loading mechanism 3 stretches out, and the support movable pulley 3-4 is pulled down to realize the dynamic loading of the loading wire rope 3-5.

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 4, the data acquisition and detection system 4 includes a tension measurement assembly 4-1 fixed on the auxiliary measurement frame 1-4, and the tension measurement assembly 4-1 includes a support pulley 2-4 and a guide The mounting frame 4-5 between the pulleys 2-5 is provided with a first tension sensor 4-6 on the mounting frame 4-5, and a double U-shaped bracket pulley 4-7 is provided on the first tension sensor 4-6. The upper and lower sides of double U-shaped support pulley 4-7 are provided with pulley 4-8, wherein, pulley 4-8 is vertically tangent to adjustment wire rope 2-6, and the upper side pulley of double U-shaped support pulley 4-7 The bottom of 4-8 is tangent to the top of double U-shaped bracket pulley 4-7 in the horizontal direction, and the top of double U-shaped bracket pulley 4-7 lower side pulley 4-8 is horizontally aligned with the bottom of double U-shaped bracket pulley 4-7 Tangent, adjust wire rope 2-6 to let go of double U-shaped support pulley 4-7 upper side pulley 4-8, double U-shaped support pulley 4-7 and double U-shaped support pulley 4-7 lower side pulley 4-8 successively. When adjusting the tension of the wire rope 2-6, pull the double U-shaped bracket pulley 4-7 placed on the first tension sensor 4-6 to provide tension to the first tension sensor 4-6, and the tension sensor 4-6 What is measured is twice the tension of adjusting the steel wire rope 2-6, and the measured value is divided by 2 to get the result. A second tension sensor 4-2 is provided at the joint between the loading wire rope 3-5 and the slide block 3-7, and limit switches 4-9 are respectively installed on the upper limit beam 1-8 and the lower limit beam 1-9. The second tension sensor 4-2, the first tension sensor 4-6 and the limit switch 4-9 are respectively connected to the upper computer 4-4 through the data acquisition card 4-3.

According to the multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing method of above-mentioned test bench, it is characterized in that, comprising the following steps:

A. Simulate the unbalanced tension state of each steel wire rope during the multi-rope lifting process: the piston rod of the electric cylinder 3-1 of the dynamic excitation loading mechanism 3 is stretched out, and the movable pulley 3-4 of the bracket is pulled down to realize the dynamic loading of the steel wire rope 3-5. The difference in the extension distance of the piston rod of the electric cylinder 3-1 makes the tension of each loading wire rope 3-5 also different, thereby simulating the unbalanced tension state of each wire rope during the multi-rope lifting process;

B. Adjust the tension balance of the loading wire rope 3-5 through the tension balance mechanism 2: under the different tension states of each loading wire rope 3-5, the height position of the rope head assembly 2-2 in the tension balance mechanism 2 changes, and the wheel plate 2 The position of the bracket pulley 2-4 on the -3 also changes accordingly. When at rest, the rope head assembly 2-2 is in a balanced state, and the force in the vertical direction is balanced, that is, the loaded steel wire rope at the lower end of the rope head assembly 2-2 The pulling force of 3-5 is the same as the pulling force of the adjusted steel rope 2-6 on the upper end, because the adjusted steel rope 2-6 is a steel rope that passes over the support pulley 2-4 and the guide pulley 2-5, so each rope head assembly 2- 2 The tension on the upper end is the same, so the tension on the lower end of the rope head assembly 2-2 is also the same, that is, the tension of the loaded wire rope 3-5 is balanced;

C. Detection of tension balance results and real-time monitoring of the test bench system: while adjusting the tension balance of the loading wire rope 3-5, the first tension sensor 4-6 and the second tension sensor 4-2 are respectively adjusting the tension of the steel wire rope 2-6 Carry out tension measurement with loading wire rope 3-5, to complete the detection of tension balance result; While tension balance mechanism 2 is adjusted, be positioned at the limit switch 4- on upper limit beam 1-8 and lower limit beam 1-9 9 Limit the height position of the bracket pulley 2-4. When the bracket pulley 2-4 touches the limit switch 4-9, it means that the tension balance mechanism 2 exceeds the adjustment range. At this time, an alarm is triggered to complete the test bench system. real-time monitoring.

In addition, if the adjustment wire rope 2-6 disconnects, the buffer spring 5 in the rope head assembly 2-2 plays a buffering role.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing test bench is characterized in that: it comprises a frame (1), a tension balance mechanism (2) installed on the frame (1), a dynamic excitation loading mechanism (3) and data Collection and detection system (4); The frame (1) includes a base (1-1), two vertical beams (1-2) perpendicular to the base (1-1), and an upper beam (1-2) placed on the top of the vertical beams (1-2). -3), the auxiliary measuring frame (1-4) located on one side of the upper part of the vertical beam (1-2), the upper limit beam (1-8) and the lower limit beam located on the other side of the upper part of the vertical beam (1-2) (1-9), rope end plate fixing beams (1-5) located on both sides of the vertical beam (1-2), and auxiliary loading beams (1-6) located on both sides of the lower part of the vertical beam (1-2); The tension balance mechanism (2) includes a rope head plate (2-1) fixed in the middle of the rope head plate fixing beam (1-5), and the rope head plate (2-1) is provided with a plurality of rope head assemblies (2 -2), a wheel plate (2-3) is arranged between the upper limit beam (1-8) and the lower limit beam (1-9) at the top of each rope head assembly (2-2), and the wheel plate (2-3) The upper surface is provided with a bracket pulley (2-4), and on the upper beam (1-3) is provided with a guide pulley (2-5), a suspension ring (2-7) and a tensioning rope device (2- 8), one end of the adjustment wire rope (2-6) is fixed on the lifting ring (2-7), and the other end of the adjustment wire rope (2-6) bypasses each support pulley (2-4) and guide pulley (2-5) in sequence It is connected with the tensioning rope device (2-8), and the rope head assembly (2-2) is driven to move up and down by tightening or loosening the adjustment wire rope (2-6) through the tensioning rope device (2-8); The dynamic excitation loading mechanism (3) includes an electric cylinder (3-1) horizontally fixed on the base (1-1), a bracket pulley (3-2) and a suspension ring fixed on the auxiliary loading beam (1-6) (3-3), be provided with support movable pulley (3-4), electric cylinder (3-1), support pulley (3-2) directly above between support pulley (3-2) and suspension ring (3-3) ), suspension rings (3-3), bracket movable pulleys (3-4) and rope head assemblies (2-2) are equal in number and correspond one-to-one, and the front end of the piston of each electric cylinder (3-1) is provided with a slide block (3 -7), the slide block (3-7) can slide in the slide rail (3-8), and one end of the traction wire rope (3-6) is fixed on the suspension ring (3-3), and the other end goes around the support movable pulley (3-3) successively -4) and the bracket pulley (3-2) are connected with the slide block (3-7), one end of the loading wire rope (3-5) is fixed on the bracket movable pulley (3-4), and the other end of the loading wire rope (3-5) fixed on the bottom of the rope head assembly (2-2); The data acquisition and detection system (4) includes a tension measurement assembly (4-1) fixed on the auxiliary measurement frame (1-4), and the tension measurement assembly (4-1) includes a support pulley (2-4) and a guide The mounting frame (4-5) between the pulleys (2-5) is provided with the first tension sensor (4-6) on the mounting frame (4-5), and is provided with the first tension sensor (4-6) on the first tension sensor (4-6). There are double U-shaped bracket pulleys (4-7), and pulleys (4-8) are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the double U-shaped bracket pulleys (4-7), and the steel wire ropes (2-6) are adjusted to pass over the double U-shaped bracket pulleys in turn (4-7) upper side pulley (4-8), double U-shaped support pulley (4-7) and double U-shaped support pulley (4-7) lower side pulley (4-8); 5) A second tension sensor (4-2) is provided at the joint with the slider (3-7), and limit switches (4- 9), the second tension sensor (4-2), the first tension sensor (4-6) and the limit switch (4-9) are respectively connected to the host computer (4-4) through the data acquisition card (4-3). 2. A multi-rope hoisting steel wire rope tension self-balancing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: said tensioning rope device (2-8) comprises a guide pulley (2-9), through which the guide pulley The adjustment wire rope (2-6) of (2-9) is connected on the rope tightener (2-12), and the top of the rope tightener (2-12) is a wedge-shaped rope head self-locking mechanism, and the rope tightener (2-12) The lower part is a slider, and there is a threaded hole in the center of the slider. Two light holes are arranged on both sides of the threaded hole. The polished rod (2-10) passes through the light hole, the lead screw (2-11) passes through the threaded hole, and the lead screw (2-10) -11) The end is connected with the bull gear (2-15), the pinion gear (2-14) meshes with the bull gear (2-15), and the motor (2-13) is connected with the pinion gear (2-14). 3. A multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: a bracket (1-7) is provided between the base (1-1) and the vertical beam (1-2) ). 4. A multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper surface of the wheel plate (2-3) is symmetrically provided with two bracket pulleys (2-4). 5. A kind of multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: the guide pulleys (2-5) are in two rows, and the central axis of the guide pulleys (2-5) and the support pulley (2-4) The central axis is vertical, and the guide pulley (2-5) is vertically tangent to the support pulley (2-4). 6. A multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: the middle part of the rope head assembly (2-2) passes through the guide hole of the rope head plate (2-1), A buffer spring (5) is sleeved on the rope head assembly (2-2) between the wheel plate (2-3) and the rope head plate (2-1). 7. A multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: said pulley (4-8) is tangent to the adjustment wire rope (2-6) in the vertical direction, double The bottom of the upper side pulley (4-8) of the U-shaped bracket pulley (4-7) is tangent to the top of the double U-shaped bracket pulley (4-7) in the horizontal direction, and the lower side pulley of the double U-shaped bracket pulley (4-7) (4-8) top and double U-shaped support pulley (4-7) bottom are horizontally tangent. 8. The multi-rope hoisting wire rope tension self-balancing method of test bench according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: A. Simulate the unbalanced tension state of each steel wire rope in the process of multi-rope lifting: the piston rod of the electric cylinder (3-1) of the dynamic excitation loading mechanism (3) is stretched out, and the movable pulley (3-4) of the bracket is pulled down to realize the loading of the steel wire rope (3 -5) dynamic loading, the extension distance of each electric cylinder (3-1) piston rod is different, so that the tension of each loading wire rope (3-5) is also different, and then simulate the unbalanced tension state of each wire rope during the multi-rope lifting process ; B. Adjust the tension balance of the loading wire rope (3-5) through the tension balance mechanism (2): under the different tension states of each loading wire rope (3-5), the rope head assembly (2-2) in the tension balance mechanism (2) The height position changes, and the height position of the support pulley (2-4) on the wheel plate (2-3) also changes thereupon this moment. When stationary, the rope head assembly (2-2) is in a balanced state, and the Stress balance, that is, the pulling force of the loaded steel wire rope (3-5) on the lower end of the rope head assembly (2-2) is the same as the pulling force of the adjusting steel rope (2-6) on the upper end, because the adjusting steel rope (2-6) is A wire rope passing through the bracket pulley (2-4) and the guide pulley (2-5), so the tension on the upper end of each rope head assembly (2-2) is the same, so the tension on the lower end of the rope head assembly (2-2) is also consistent , that is, the tension balance of the loaded wire rope (3-5); C. Detection of tension balance results and real-time monitoring of the test bench system: while adjusting the tension balance of the loading wire rope (3-5), the first tension sensor (4-6) and the second tension sensor (4-2) respectively Measure the tension of the adjusting wire rope (2-6) and the loading wire rope (3-5) to complete the detection of the tension balance result; when the tension balance mechanism (2) is adjusted, the upper limit beam (1-8) and the limit switch (4-9) on the lower limit beam (1-9) limits the height position of the support pulley (2-4), when the support pulley (2-4) touches the limit switch (4-9 ), it means that the tension balance mechanism (2) exceeds the adjustment range, and an alarm is triggered at this time to complete the real-time monitoring of the test bench system.