CN106034430A - High-ridge side-sowing sowing method and side-sowing device for potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

A potato high ridge side sowing method and side sowing device, characterized in that: high ridge side sowing high ridge agronomic requirements are: ridge height 25-30cm, ridge top width 15-20cm, ridge bottom width 60-70cm, large The row spacing is 1.35m, and the small row spacing is 40cm; the two sides of the high ridge designed above are sown at a distance of 14-16cm from the bottom of the ridge; Ridging, shaping, film mulching, etc., at the same time realize the functions of high ridge, double row, film mulching, and side sowing, realize reasonable dense planting, advance the sowing date, and prolong the growth period of crops.

Description

A kind of side-sowing method and side-sowing device of potato on high ridge

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of potato planting.

Background technique

At present, the sowing of potatoes is high-ridge sowing in terms of sowing agronomic technology, and seedling strips are sown on the top of the ridge. With this high-ridge sowing technology, the amount of intertillage and soil cultivation is difficult to meet the requirements of potato lumps in the growth process. Insufficient quantity will firstly cause green heads of potato pieces, affecting quality, and serious weed damage, which makes it difficult to remove weeds, affects the yield and quality of potatoes, increases production costs, and chemical weeding also causes environmental pollution.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a potato high-ridge side-sowing method and a side-sowing device which can improve potato yield per unit area, improve potato quality, reduce production cost, and realize fertilizer reduction, drug efficiency and efficiency by high-ridge planting.

A kind of potato high ridge side sowing seeding method of the present invention is specifically as follows:

(1) The agronomic requirements for high ridge side sowing and high ridge are: ridge height 25-30cm, ridge top width 15-20cm, ridge bottom width 60-70cm, large row spacing 1.35m, small row spacing 40cm;

(2) Sow seeds at a distance of 14 to 16 cm from the bottom of the ridge on both sides of the high ridge designed above;

(3) The fertilizer applicator fertilizes at the same time;

(4) The high ridge is covered with plastic film, the plastic film is white on both sides, and the middle part is black, and the plastic film is in contact with the surface of the high ridge;

(5) Cover soil on both sides of the mulch to prevent the mulch from being blown away by the wind.

The device that above-mentioned potato side sowing method uses is:

A side sowing device for potato high ridges, comprising a seed box 1, a seed picking spoon 2, a fertilizer box 6, a medicine box 7, a drip irrigation belt laying device 8, a ridging device 16, a traction wheel 15, a shaper 17, and a film covering Device 18, fixed frame 25, it is characterized in that: fixed frame 25 is a rectangular frame, establishes at least two crossbeams parallel to each other in the rectangular frame, fertilizer box 6 is installed on the first crossbeam of fixed frame 25 foremost, The fertilizing shovel 12 is at the front and lower part of the bottom of the fertilizer box 6, the fertilizer box 6 and the fertilizing shovel 12 are connected through the fertilizer delivery pipe 13, the fertilizer discharge device 26 is at the bottom of the fertilizer box 6, and the left and right traction wheels 15 are installed on the main shaft 24, and the main shaft 24 is installed and fixed on the bottom of the fixed frame 25 near the first crossbeam by the bearing seat, the first sprocket 9 is installed on the fertilizer discharger 26, the second sprocket 14 is installed on the same side as the traction wheel on the main shaft, and the first sprocket 9 It is connected with the second sprocket 14 through a chain; the seed box 1 is installed on the third beam, and two seed pickers 3 are respectively installed on the left and right sides inside the seed box 1, and each seed picker includes a seed picker 2 and a chain 4 , the three support wheels 3 are arranged on the same oblique line and are fixed on the support wheel bracket; the three support wheels 3 are driven by the second chain 27, and the second chain 27 is provided with seed picking spoons 2 at even intervals; the seed box 1. There are two seed delivery passages 28 on the left and right. Each seed delivery passage 28 is fixed on the fixed frame 25. The lower opening of the seed delivery passage 28 communicates with the ditch opener. The upper opening of the side seed delivery channel 28, the lower opening of the seed delivery channel 28 communicates with the ditch opener 10; the seeds fall into the ditch opener 10 on the same side through the seed delivery channel 28; Fertilizer pipe 13, the lower end of each fertilizer delivery pipe 13 is connected with fertilization shovel 12; the ditch opener 10 is connected with the crossbeam of the fixed frame 25 through two buckles; two pairs of ridgers 16 are respectively arranged under the floating frame 19 The left and right sides of the floating frame 19 are hingedly connected with the fixed frame 25, and the relative positions of every pair of ridgers 16 are wide in the front and narrow in the rear along the sowing direction; On both sides, the shaper shaft 29 is installed behind the ridgers 16 on both sides of the floating support 19 through the shaper fixing bracket 30, and the shaper 17 is two opposite truncated cones with a larger circular area facing outwards; The device 18 includes a mulch threading rod 31 and a pair of mold cover fixing brackets 32. A pair of mold covering device fixing brackets 32 are fixed on both sides of the floating bracket 19. The mulching film passing rod 31 is connected to the pair of mold cover fixing brackets 32 through pins Connection; mold covering device 18 is behind shaper 17, and soil covering wheel 21 is installed on the end both sides of floating frame 19, and soil covering wheel 21 structure is identical with ridge device structure.

When in use, the first crossbeam of the fixed frame is provided with a three-point suspension mechanism to be articulated with the tractor, and the power of the tractor drives the present invention to advance.

The advantages of the present invention are:

(1) Plastic film covering technology

Through the application of black and white plastic film mulching technology, the ground temperature can be effectively increased, and the growth period and irrigation cycle can be extended. In April, the ground temperature of 10 cm (below) is increased by about 0.5°C, and in May, the ground temperature of 10 cm (below) is increased by 1.5°C, and the growth period is extended by 10-15 days. Extend 3-7 days, weeds can be reduced by 40%.

(2) High-ridge double-row cultivation

High ridges can increase the ventilation and light transmission in the field, which is conducive to photosynthesis, improve the utilization rate of light energy, and give full play to the marginal effect. Double-row planting can achieve reasonable close planting and increase yield under the same plant spacing conditions.

(3) Ridge side sowing

The design of the seedling belt on the side of the ridge can greatly reduce the amount of soil for intertillage, solve the problem of no soil for the second intertillage, ensure the normal expansion of potatoes, avoid the phenomenon of potato green heads, and improve potato quality. Sowing on the side of the ridge can realize the reduction of soil cultivation on the surface of the film, give full play to the effects of the film on increasing the ground temperature, suppressing weeds, and improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, prolonging the potato growth period, and creating conditions for high and stable potato yields.

(4) Application of drip irrigation film

The white film on both sides strengthens the performance of the mulch film in increasing temperature, retaining moisture and increasing light. The black film in the middle inhibits the growth of weeds on the surface of the film, and can also block the drip irrigation belt to prevent the aging of the drip irrigation pipe caused by direct sunlight, which can prolong the life of the drip irrigation pipe.

(5) Application of drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology

Potato is a crop that needs a lot of water and fertilizer. Water and nutrient deficiencies during the growth period are one of the main reasons for the low yield. Use drip irrigation facilities to irrigate and fertilize together during the critical period of potato growth, and at the same time control diseases and insect pests to realize the integration of water and fertilizer. change. Can significantly reduce water consumption and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, increase production. Uniform irrigation overcomes soil compaction, greatly reduces the leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen, and avoids or reduces the pollution of soil and groundwater. The method saves time and labor, and is conducive to the large-scale planting of potatoes and the realization of standardized cultivation. After drip irrigation is used for potatoes, 30-70% of water is saved, 30-50% of fertilizer is saved, the yield is increased by 15-30%, and the quality is good.

(6) Application of microbial agents

In the fertilizer applied by the fertilizer applicator, special microbial agents for potato growth are added. Through the life activities of microorganisms in the soil, the soil structure can be improved, the nutritional conditions of crops can be improved, the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved, and the amount of chemical fertilizers can be reduced, which can improve The ability of potatoes to resist heavy cropping and diseases can reduce the amount of pesticide application.

(7) Reasonable early broadcast

Adjust the potato sowing period from the traditional sowing in May to April sowing, which can be launched one month earlier to avoid the peak period of concentrated potato maturity in the north. Not only can it seize the market price advantage, but also avoid the peak of labor and labor Reduce production costs, improve production efficiency, and improve economic benefits.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of seeder of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a top view of the seeder of the present invention.

detailed description

Example 1

A kind of potato high ridge side sowing seeding method of the present invention, specifically as follows:

(1) The agronomic requirements for high ridge side sowing and high ridge are: ridge height 25-30cm, ridge top width 15-20cm, ridge bottom width 60-70cm, large row spacing 1.35m, small row spacing 40cm;

(2) Sow seeds at a distance of 14 to 16 cm from the bottom of the ridge on both sides of the high ridge designed above;

(3) The fertilizer applicator fertilizes at the same time;

(4) The high ridge is covered with plastic film, the plastic film is white on both sides, and the middle part is black, and the plastic film is in contact with the surface of the high ridge;

(5) Cover soil on both sides of the mulch to prevent the mulch from being blown away by the wind.

The potato high ridge side sowing seeding device used in the above potato side sowing method includes: seed box 1, seed picking spoon 2, fertilizer box 6, medicine box 7, drip irrigation belt layer 8, ridger 16, traction wheel 15, shaping Device 17, laminating device 18, fixed frame 25 are characterized in that: fixed frame 25 is a rectangular frame, establishes at least two crossbeams parallel to each other in the rectangular frame, and fertilizer box 6 is installed on the top of fixed frame 25 On the first crossbeam, the fertilizing shovel 12 is at the front and bottom of the fertilizer box 6, and the fertilizer box 6 and the fertilizer shovel 12 are connected through the fertilizer delivery pipe 13. The fertilizer discharger 26 is at the bottom of the fertilizer box 6, and the left and right traction wheels 15 are installed On the main shaft 24, the main shaft 24 is installed and fixed on the bottom of the fixed frame 25 near the first beam through the bearing seat, the first sprocket 9 is installed on the fertilizer discharger 26, and the second sprocket 14 is installed on the same side as the traction wheel on the main shaft. The first sprocket 9 and the second sprocket 14 are connected by a chain; the seed box 1 is installed on the third crossbeam, and two seed pickers 3 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the seed box 1 inside, and each seed picker includes a seed picker Spoon 2, chain 4, three support wheels 3 are arranged on the same oblique line and are fixed on the support wheel bracket; Spoon 2; the seed box 1 is provided with two seed delivery channels 28 on the left and right, each seed delivery channel 28 is fixed on the fixed frame 25, and the lower opening of the seed delivery channel 28 communicates with the ditch opener, and the seed delivery spoon 2 is taken up After the seeds are sent to the upper opening of the seed delivery channel 28 on the same side, the lower opening of the seed delivery channel 28 communicates with the ditch opener 10; the seeds fall into the ditch opener 10 on the same side through the seed delivery channel 28; Fertilizer pipes 13 are arranged on both sides, and the lower end of each fertilizer pipe 13 is connected to the fertilization shovel 12; the ditch opener 10 is connected to the crossbeam of the fixed frame 25 through two buckles; two pairs of ridgers 16 are respectively arranged on On the left and right sides below the floating frame 19, the floating frame 19 is hingedly connected with the fixed frame 25, and the relative position of every pair of ridgers 16 is narrow in the front and rear along the sowing direction; On both sides of the shaper shaft 29, the shaper shaft 29 is installed behind the ridging device 16 on both sides of the floating support 19 by the shaper fixed bracket 30, and the shaper 17 is two opposite, and the larger circle area is outward. Conical truncated; the mold covering device 18 includes a mulch threading rod 31 and a pair of mold covering device fixing brackets 32, and a pair of mold covering device fixing brackets 32 are fixed on both sides of the floating bracket 19, and the mulching film passing rod 31 is connected to the pair of covering devices through pins. Mold device fixed support 32 connects; Mold covering device 18 is behind shaper 17, and soil covering wheel 21 is installed on the end both sides of floating frame 19, and soil covering wheel 21 structures are identical with ridge soil device structure.

When in use, the first crossbeam of the fixed frame is provided with a three-point suspension mechanism to be articulated with the tractor, and the power of the tractor drives the present invention to advance.

The working process is as follows:

seeding system

Opener 10 ditches, is provided with two seed delivery passages 28 on the left and right in front of seed box 1, gets seed spoon 2 and same side seed delivery passage 28 upper mouth, and the seed potato conveying system that the lower opening of seed delivery passage 28 forms is by Traction wheel 15 drives, and the second chain 27 drives sprocket wheel 3, chain 4 and the seed scoop 2 that is installed on it and starts to move, and after going to kind from kind box 1 by kind scoop 2, seed falls into the same pit by seed delivery passage 28. In the ditch opened by the ditch opener 10 on the side, the ridging device 16 pushes and buries the ridges, and the shaper 17 makes the ridges into trapezoidal ridges with a narrow upper part and a wider lower part, so as to cover the mulch film. After the suppression, the mulch is pressed by the soil covering wheel 21, and the sowing is finished.

fertilization system

After the fertilizing shovel 12 ditches, the traction wheel 15 drives the second sprocket 14 to drive the fertilizer discharge device 26 installed in the fertilizer box 6, and the pesticide is sent into the ditch opened by the pesticide pipeline 7-1, and the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 6 ri Fertilizer is sent in the ditch that fertilization shovel 12 is opened by fertilization shovel 12, fertilizer delivery pipe 13, fertilizer discharge device 26, and fertilization finishes.

Because the present invention adopts side sowing on high ridges, the top of the ridges does not need to be covered with soil, and the film can fully play the role of suppressing weeds, improving ground temperature, and water and fertilizer conservation; it can properly advance the sowing date, prolong the growth period of crops, and prolong the growth period by 10 to 15 days. Day, the ground temperature increases by at least 0.5 degrees in April and at least 1.5 degrees in May, and the time of potato formation is obviously advanced, which can be advanced by about 7 to 10 days, prolonging the growth period of potatoes, and reducing weeds by about 40% at the same time; the above effects are directly manifested The potato root system is obviously developed, the nutrient supply is sufficient, the plant is strong, the tubers expand quickly, the water use efficiency is high, the yield and quality of the potatoes are improved, the number of tubers per plant increases by 1.5, the tubers are concentrated, and the tubers are uniform. Create conditions for reducing fat and increasing efficiency, and lay the foundation for high and stable production.

Claims (2)

1. a type of seeding is broadcast in Rhizoma Solani tuber osi high ridge side, it is characterized in that:

(1) high ridge side is broadcast high ridge agriculture requirement and is: ridge a height of 25～30cm, ridge top width 15～20cm, ridge bottom width 60～70cm, big Line-spacing 1.35m, little line-spacing 40cm；

(2) sow at the bottom of the high ridge two lateral extent ridge of above-mentioned design 14～16cm；

(3) fertilizer applicator applies fertilizer simultaneously；

(4) covering with plastic film on high ridge, mulch film is both sides whites, and mid portion is black, and mulch film contacts with high ridge surface；

(5) at mulch film both sides earthing, prevent mulch film from being scraped off by wind.

2. a seeding apparatus is broadcast in a kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi high ridge side that method as claimed in claim 1 uses, and including kind of a case (1), takes Plant spoon (2), fertilizer box (6), medicine-chest (7), drip irrigation zone laying device (8), traction wheel (15), tie ridger (16), shaper (17), overlay film Device (18), fixed frame (25), is characterized in that: fixed frame (25) is rectangular frame, is equipped with at least two in rectangular frame The crossbeam that root is parallel to each other, fertilizer box (6) is arranged on the first crossbeam of fixed frame (25) foremost, and fertilizer application spade (12) is in fertilizer box (6) front lower place, bottom, fertilizer box (6) and fertilizer application spade (12) are connected by fertilizer delivering pipe (13), and fertilizer apparatus (26) is at the end of fertilizer box (6) Portion, two, left and right traction wheel (15) is arranged on main shaft (24), and main shaft (24) is fixed on fixed frame by bearing block (25), at the nearly first crossbeam in lower section, equipped with the first sprocket wheel (9) on fertilizer apparatus (26), main shaft is provided with second with traction wheel homonymy Sprocket wheel (14), the first sprocket wheel (9) is connected by chain with the second sprocket wheel (14)；Planting case (1) to be arranged on the 3rd crossbeam, two take Planting device (3) and be separately mounted to the internal left and right sides of kind of a case (1), each seed-taking device includes taking kind of a spoon (2), chain (4), three supports Wheel (3) is arranged on same oblique line and is fixed on support wheel support；Three support wheel (3) by the second chain 27 transmission, and the It is arranged at intervals with uniformly on two chains 27 and takes kind of a spoon (2)；

Planting case (1) and be provided with two the defeated kind passage (28) in left and right, each defeated kind of passage (28) is fixed on fixed frame (25), defeated The end opening planting passage (28) communicates with plough, takes feeding defeated kind of passage (28) of homonymy after kind of a spoon (2) takes seed suitable for reading, defeated kind The end opening of passage (28) communicates with plough (10)；Seed is fallen in the plough (10) of homonymy by defeated kind of passage (28)；Row The left and right sides, fertile device (26) lower section is provided with fertilizer delivering pipe (13), and each fertilizer delivering pipe (13) lower end is all connected with fertilizer application spade (12)；Trench digging Device (10) is connected with the crossbeam of fixed frame (25) by two buckles；Two pairs of tie ridgers (16) are separately positioned on floating frame (19) left and right sides of lower section, floating frame (19) and fixed frame (25) chain connection, every pair of tie ridger (16) position relatively For front wide and rear narrow along sowing direction；Two shapers (17) are separately mounted to the both sides of shaper axle (29), shaper axle (29) being arranged on tie ridger (16) rear, floating bracket (19) both sides by shaper fixed support (30), shaper (17) is Two relative and that the bigger area of a circle is outside truncated cones；Cover mould device (18) include mulch film bar (31) and cover mould a pair Device fixed support (32), covers mould device fixed support (32) for a pair and is fixed on floating bracket (19) both sides, and mulch film bar 31 passes through pin Nail is connected covering mould device fixed support (32) with described this；

Covering mould device (18) after shaper (17), earthing wheel (21) is arranged on the end both sides of floating frame (19), and earthing is taken turns (21) structure is identical with ridge earthenware structure.