CN106027444B - A kind of method for suppressing peak to average ratio of subcarrier-modulated ofdm system - Google Patents
A kind of method for suppressing peak to average ratio of subcarrier-modulated ofdm system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology fields, and in particular to the method for PAPR is reduced in sub-carrier indices modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system.The present invention does amplitude limiting processing to the signal of modulation first, obtains offsetting clipped noise, finally obtains clipped noise.The method of the present invention compared to conventional constellation development method, can expanding constellation point by a larger margin so that PAPR rejection greatly improves, and there is fine BER performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a method for reducing PAPR in a Subcarrier Index Modulation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (SIM-OFDM) system.
Background
The OFDM system, as a multi-carrier modulation scheme, converts a high-speed data stream into a plurality of parallel low-speed data streams by serial/parallel conversion, and maps the data streams to different subcarriers of an OFDM symbol for transmission. Since modulation and demodulation of OFDM can be implemented by FFT and IFFT, OFDM is widely used in the process of B3G/4G evolution as one of the key technologies.
However, the OFDM system has several important drawbacks while improving the system performance, such as being very sensitive to the influence of frequency offset and phase noise, and the performance is extremely deteriorated in the presence of frequency offset and phase noise; the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is higher, and the power efficiency of the radio frequency amplifier is reduced; and the introduction of a Cyclic Prefix (CP) for the purpose of canceling intersymbol interference (ISI) causes a significant reduction in spectrum utilization.
In recent years, a multicarrier technique called Subcarrier Index Modulation (SIM) based has been proposed. The main idea of the multicarrier technology based on subcarrier index modulation is to activate a part of subcarriers to carry data to be transmitted by using index bits, and silence other subcarriers. It can be seen as a spread of the spatial modulation technique in the frequency domain. Compared with the traditional OFDM system, the SIM-OFDM can be flexibly adjusted between the system performance and the spectrum utilization rate, the PAPR performance can be well obtained by reducing the number of the activated subcarriers, and the influence of frequency offset on the system performance can be well inhibited. According to the subcarrier modulation mapping mode, the method can be divided into traditional subcarrier index modulation, interleaving modulation, random modulation mapping and the like.
The PAPR of the SIM-OFDM system is still high and needs to be further reduced. We know that the constellation expansion method can reduce PAPR without losing system BER performance, but has the disadvantages of increasing transmission power and worse PAPR suppression performance as the modulation order is higher. The algorithm provided by the invention respectively carries out constellation point expansion and correction processing aiming at the activated subcarrier and the silent subcarrier, thereby achieving better PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) inhibition effect and ensuring the BER (bit error rate) performance of a receiving end.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a peak-to-average ratio suppression method of a subcarrier modulation OFDM system.
The idea of the invention is as follows:
firstly, amplitude limiting processing is carried out on the modulated signal to obtain offset amplitude limiting noise cclipFFT to frequency domain to obtain CclipIf the constellation point corresponding to the noise frequency point is in the expandable area of the original data symbol, the noise frequency point is reserved; if the noise frequency point is on the inactive spare sub-carrier, the noise frequency point is also reserved; if the noise frequency point is not on the inactive spare sub-carrier and the frequency point expansion direction is not completely the expansion area of the original signal, only remain in the expandable areaThe part of the region, the rest is set to 0 (for example, if the real part of a certain noise frequency point is in the expandable region, but the imaginary part is not, the noise frequency point keeps the real part, and the imaginary part is set to 0, or vice versa); if the noise frequency point is not on the inactive spare sub-carrier and is not in the expandable area of the original signal, all the noise frequency points are set to 0, and finally the amplitude limiting noise is obtainedThe transmitted symbol becomes the original constellation point symbol plus clipping noise
To facilitate the description of the method of the invention, we now introduce SIM-OFDM:
the number of information bits transmitted by one frame of SIM-OFDM symbol is G.k.log2(M) number of index bits ofTotal number of bits ofM is the debugging order.
The traditional OFDM transmission has information bit number of G.k.log2(M) and then modulated into M-QAM symbols for transmission, whereas SIM-OFDM is for G.k.log2And (M) the information bits are firstly subjected to M-QAM modulation of OFDM to form data symbols, and then the data symbols are mapped into SIM-OFDM symbols one by one through index bits.
Example 1: assuming that the total number N of SIM-OFDM subcarriers is 4, the block is divided into 2 blocks, each block has 2 carriers, and one of the 2 carriers transmits data symbol and one does not transmit data. Let the modulation order M be 4, i.e. 4-QAM or QPSK, where there are 2 data symbols X1, X2, 2 inactive null carriers in total. The corresponding index bit is not set to [0, 1], and if the index bit is 0, the next carrier of the corresponding sub-block is activated, whereas if the index bit is 1, the previous carrier is activated. For the above example, the data symbol to be transmitted is X1, X2 (which has been M-QAM modulated), the corresponding index bit is [0, 1], if it is OFDM, the data symbol [ X1, X2] is directly IFFT transmitted to the time domain, and if we need to modulate SIM-OFDM, it is assumed that 4 carriers of SIM-OFDM before modulation are all null, i.e., [0, 0, 0, 0], the 1 st, 3 rd two carriers are a sub-block, the 2 nd, 4 th two carriers are a sub-block, if the index bit corresponding to the index bit [0, 1] first sub-block is 0, the latter carrier of the first sub-block is activated, the former carrier is null, i.e., the 1 st carrier data symbol is null, and the 3 rd carrier continues to be X1, i.e., [0, 0, X1, 0 ]; continuing to modulate the next data symbol X2, where the index bit is 1, then activating the previous carrier of the 2 nd sub-block and leaving the next carrier empty, i.e., [0, X2, X1, 0 ]; so that SIM-OFDM symbols [0, X2, X1, 0] are modulated from the original OFDM data symbols [ X1, X2 ].
Example 2: OFDM data symbol [ X1, X2], corresponding to index bits [0, 0], then the modulated SIM-OFDM symbol is [0, 0, X1, X2 ]. (1,3 one son block, 2,4 one son block)
Example 3: OFDM data symbols [ X1, X2, X3, X4], corresponding to index bits [0, 1, 1, 0], then the modulated SIM-OFDM symbols are [0, X2, X3, 0, X1, 0, 0, X4 ]. (1,5 carrier-by-subcarrier, 2, 6 carrier-by-subcarrier, 3,7 carrier-by-subcarrier, 4,8 carrier-by-subcarrier)
That is to say that the first and second electrodes,
generating information data bits G.k.log2(M) and(the number is calculated to have the data symbols modulated later correspond to the index bits one-to-one);
modulating the information data bits into data symbols [ X1, X2, …. Xn ] according to M-QAM;
the data symbols [ X1, X2, …. Xn ] activate each sub-block carrier of the SIM-OFDM against the index bits, and finally are modulated one by one into the symbol form of the SIM-OFDM. The subscript n is the number of index bits.
The data symbols Xi, i ═ 1,2,3 … are data symbols that have been modulated according to M-QAM modulation needs, and the corresponding bits are calculated accordingly.
There are several block dividing methods, but both at the time of modulation and at the receiving end are default and are predetermined methods, for example, in the above example, the blocks are divided in an interleaving manner, the first half and the second half of all carriers are in one-to-one correspondence, for example, the total carrier number is N, each fast 2 carriers, then the divided blocks are (1, N/2+1), (2, N/2+2), …, (k, N/2+ k) …, (N/2, N), and thus the modulation symbol with the total carrier number of N is transmitted after modulation is completed. Or one block per 2 carriers, such as (1,2), (3,4) … …, etc.
A method for suppressing the peak-to-average power ratio of a subcarrier modulation OFDM system comprises the following steps:
s1, modulating by a carrier index (SIM) to obtain a frequency domain signal X, and the specific steps are as follows:
s11, dividing N sub-carriers into N/l sub-blocks, where each sub-block includes l sub-carriers, k sub-carriers are randomly selected from the sub-blocks to be activated, and the remaining l-k sub-carriers in the sub-blocks do not transmit data, where k is 1,2, 3.
S12, operating the subblocks in S11, that is, performing M-QAM modulation on the modulation bits extracted by the SIM module to obtain constellation point symbols to be transmitted, where the constellation point symbols to be transmitted are transmitted by the k subcarriers in S11 that are activated;
s13, obtaining a frequency domain signal X;
s2, performing time-frequency transformation, namely, performing IFFT on the frequency domain signal X in S1 to obtain a time domain signal X ═ [ X (1), X (2),.., X (n);
s3, initializing, specifically: initializing the iteration number iter to be 0, setting the maximum iteration number to be Max _ iter, and setting the amplitude limiting level to be A, wherein Max _ iter and A are empirical values;
s4, carrying out time domain amplitude limiting on the time domain signal x (t) of S2 to obtain a peak value counteracting signalWhereinIs a set after x (t) clipping, specifically:
if | x (t) | ≦ A, the time-domain signal x (t) remains unchanged, i.e.Wherein t is 1, 2., N,
if | x (t) | > A, thenNamely, it isWherein,is the phase of x (t);
s5, canceling the symbol time-frequency transformation, i.e. canceling the peak value of the signal c S4clipObtaining C through FFT to frequency domainclip；
S6, expanding the constellation diagram to obtain a new peak value cancellation symbol
The method comprises the following specific steps:
s61, if Cclip(K) On the inactive sub-carriers, the C is reservedclip(K) Wherein K is 1,2clip＝[Cclip(1),Cclip(2),...,Cclip(N)]。
S62, if Cclip(K) In the expandable region of the original data symbol X (K), the C is reservedclip(K)；
S63, if Cclip(K) Not on inactive subcarriers and only the real part (imaginary part) in the scalable region, C is reservedclip(K) The real part (imaginary part) of (a), the imaginary part (real part) is set to 0, and vice versa;
s64, if Cclip(K) If the real part and the imaginary part of the data are not in the expandable area, all the data are set to be 0;
s7, updating C according to S6clipIs composed ofObtaining new transmission symbols
S8, calculating PAPR, selecting a transmission symbol, specifically: will be provided withIFFT to time domain derivationComputingIs/are as follows
If the signal is at this timeWhen the PAPR is an ideal value (PAPR iteration threshold P), the transmission symbol is output
Otherwise, the iteration number iter is iter +1, the process returns to S4 until the iteration reaches the upper limit, and the sending symbol is output
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for reducing PAPR of an SIM-OFDM system, which has the advantages that: compared with the traditional constellation expansion method, the improved method can expand the constellation points more greatly, so that the PAPR suppression performance is greatly improved, and the improved method has good BER performance.
By analyzing the characteristics of PAPR and BER performance of the SIM-OFDM system, according to the principle that each constellation point can inhibit the PAPR as much as possible and increase the Euclidean distance between each constellation point, the constellation points are expanded as much as possible, and the effect of good performance is obtained. And the lower the modulation order, the better the performance. In a word, the scheme has the prominent characteristics that: greatly improves the number of expandable constellation points, greatly improves the PAPR inhibition performance and has good BER performance
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional SIM-OFDM system.
Fig. 2 shows the scalable regions for QPSK and 16QAM modulation.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the algorithm for reducing PAPR of SIM-OFDM system proposed in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional SIM-OFDM system, where left QAMsymbol2 and QAMsymbol1 of conventional carrier index modulation are OFDM data symbols to be mapped, right 01 is an index bit, a first sub-block index bit is 0, a next carrier of a first sub-block is activated, that is, right subarrier 3 of fig. 1 is put in QAMsymbol2, and a second index bit is 1, a previous carrier of a second sub-block is activated, that is, subarrier 2 is put in QAMsymbol1, and the rest are inactive null carriers.
In the present embodiment, an experiment was performed using a Matlab2012a simulation platform. The experimental simulation parameters are as follows: the number of subcarriers N is 256, l is 2, k is 1, the clipping threshold a is 4.68dB, the maximum number of iterations Max _ iter is 3, the iteration PAPR threshold P is 6dB, the modulation method adopts QPSK, the signal-to-noise ratio span is [0, 8] (dB), and the signal is only over gaussian white noise channel in the simulation. The invention utilizes the parameters to carry out experimental simulation on Matlab, when the PAPR of the first iteration is 10-4, compared with the original PAPR of an interleaved SIM-OFDM system, the PAPR has a gain of about 3.3dB, the BER has a performance loss of only 0.1dB at 10-4, and can reach the PAPR threshold of 6dB at the 3 rd iteration, and has a gain of about 5.3dB compared with the original PAPR of the interleaved SIM-OFDM system, and the BER has a performance loss of only 0.2dB at 10-4 (actually, when the PAPR of the second iteration is 10-3, the PAPR of 6dB can reach the iteration threshold of 6dB, but can not be totally converged to the 6dB iteration threshold at 10-4).
A method for suppressing the peak-to-average power ratio of a subcarrier modulation OFDM system comprises the following steps:
s1, modulating by a carrier index (SIM) to obtain a frequency domain signal X, and the specific steps are as follows:
s11, dividing N sub-carriers into N/l sub-blocks, where each sub-block includes l sub-carriers, k sub-carriers are randomly selected from the sub-blocks to be activated, and the remaining l-k sub-carriers in the sub-blocks do not transmit data, where k is 1,2, 3.
S12, operating the subblocks in S11, that is, performing M-QAM modulation on the modulation bits extracted by the SIM module to obtain constellation point symbols to be transmitted, where the constellation point symbols to be transmitted are transmitted by the k subcarriers in S11 that are activated;
s13, obtaining a frequency domain signal X;
s2, performing time-frequency transformation, namely, performing IFFT on the frequency domain signal X in S1 to obtain a time domain signal X ═ [ X (1), X (2),.., X (n);
s3, initializing, specifically: initializing the iteration number iter to be 0, setting the maximum iteration number to be Max _ iter, and setting the amplitude limiting level to be A, wherein Max _ iter and A are empirical values;
s4, carrying out time domain amplitude limiting on the time domain signal x (t) of S2 to obtain a peak value counteracting signalWhereinIs a set after x (t) clipping, specifically:
if | x (t) | ≦ A, the time-domain signal x (t) remains unchanged, i.e.Wherein t is 1, 2., N,
if | x (t) | > A, thenNamely, it isWherein,is the phase of x (t);
s5, canceling the symbol time-frequency transformation, i.e. canceling the peak value of the signal c S4clipObtaining C through FFT to frequency domainclip；
S6, expanding the constellation diagram to obtain a new peak value cancellation symbol
In particular toThe steps are as follows:
s61, if Cclip(K) On the inactive sub-carriers, the C is reservedclip(K) Wherein K is 1,2clip＝[Cclip(1),Cclip(2),...,Cclip(N)]。
S62, if Cclip(K) In the expandable region of the original data symbol X (K), the C is reservedclip(K)；
S63, if Cclip(K) Not on inactive subcarriers and only the real part (imaginary part) in the scalable region, C is reservedclip(K) The real part (imaginary part) of (a), the imaginary part (real part) is set to 0, and vice versa;
s64, if Cclip(K) If the real part and the imaginary part of the data are not in the expandable area, all the data are set to be 0;
s7, updating C according to S6clipIs composed ofObtaining new transmission symbols
S8, calculating PAPR, selecting a transmission symbol, specifically: will be provided withIFFT to time domain derivationComputingThe PAPR of (a) is,
if the signal is at this timeWhen the PAPR is an ideal value (PAPR iteration threshold P), the transmission symbol is output
Otherwise, the iteration number iter is iter +1, the process returns to S4 until the iteration reaches the upper limit, and the sending symbol is output
By analyzing the characteristics of PAPR and BER performance of the SIM-OFDM system, according to the principle that each constellation point can inhibit the PAPR as much as possible and increase the Euclidean distance between each constellation point, the constellation points are expanded as much as possible, and the effect of good performance is obtained. And the lower the modulation order, the better the performance. In a word, the scheme has the prominent characteristics that: the number of the expandable constellation points is greatly improved, the PAPR suppression performance is greatly improved, and the BER performance is good.
Claims (1)
1. A method for suppressing the peak-to-average power ratio of a subcarrier modulation OFDM system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, modulating the sub-carrier index SIM to obtain a frequency domain signal X, and the specific steps are as follows:
s11, dividing N sub-carriers into N/l sub-blocks, where each sub-block includes l sub-carriers, k sub-carriers are randomly selected from the sub-blocks to be activated, and the remaining l-k sub-carriers in the sub-blocks do not transmit data, where k is 1,2, 3.
S12, operating the subblocks in S11, that is, performing M-QAM modulation on the modulation bits extracted by the SIM module to obtain constellation point symbols to be transmitted, where the constellation point symbols to be transmitted are transmitted by the k subcarriers in S11 that are activated;
s13, obtaining a frequency domain signal X;
s2, performing time-frequency transformation, namely, performing IFFT on the frequency domain signal X in S1 to obtain a time domain signal X ═ [ X (1), X (2),.., X (n);
s3, initializing, specifically: initializing the iteration number iter to be 0, setting the maximum iteration number to be Max _ iter, and setting the amplitude limiting level to be A, wherein Max _ iter and A are empirical values;
s4, carrying out time domain amplitude limiting on the time domain signal x (t) of S2 to obtain a peak value counteracting signalWhereinIs a set after x (t) clipping, specifically:
if | x (t) | ≦ A, the time-domain signal x (t) remains unchanged, i.e.Wherein t is 1, 2., N,
if | x (t) & gtdoes not counting>A, thenNamely, it isWherein,is the phase of x (t);
s5, canceling the symbol time-frequency transformation, i.e. canceling the peak value of the signal c S4clipObtaining C through FFT to frequency domainclip；
S6, expanding the constellation diagram to obtain a new peak value offsetEliminating symbolThe method comprises the following specific steps:
s61, if Cclip(K) On the inactive sub-carriers, the C is reservedclip(K) Wherein K is 1,2clip＝[Cclip(1),Cclip(2),...,Cclip(N)]；
S62, if Cclip(K) In the expandable region of the original data symbol X (K), the C is reservedclip(K)；
S63, if Cclip(K) Not on inactive subcarriers and only the real part in the scalable region, C is reservedclip(K) The real part and the imaginary part of (1) are set to be 0; if Cclip(K) Not on inactive subcarriers and only the imaginary part in the scalable region, C is reservedclip(K) The imaginary part, the real part, position 0;
s64, if Cclip(K) If the real part and the imaginary part of the data are not in the expandable area, all the data are set to be 0;
s7, updating C according to S6clipIs composed ofObtaining new transmission symbols
S8, calculating PAPR, selecting a transmission symbol, specifically: will be provided withIFFT to time domain derivationComputingThe PAPR of (a) is,
if the signal is at this timeIf the PAPR is an ideal value, the transmission symbol is output
Otherwise, the iteration number iter is iter +1, the process returns to S4 until the iteration reaches the upper limit, and the sending symbol is output
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| CN107070601A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-18 | 电子科技大学 | The method that PAPR is reduced based on the matching interleaver that sub-carrier indices are modulated |
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| CN112152957A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-29 | 福建江夏学院 | OFDM peak-to-average power ratio suppression method and suppressor based on deep amplitude limiting and constellation expansion |
| CN113489665B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2022-04-29 | 武汉大学 | Method for reducing peak-to-average power ratio in radar communication integrated system |
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