CN106025350B - Using PVB as the preparation method of the gel electrolyte of base material and its application in lithium battery - Google Patents

Using PVB as the preparation method of the gel electrolyte of base material and its application in lithium battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106025350B
CN106025350B CN201610499130.3A CN201610499130A CN106025350B CN 106025350 B CN106025350 B CN 106025350B CN 201610499130 A CN201610499130 A CN 201610499130A CN 106025350 B CN106025350 B CN 106025350B
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gel electrolyte
pvb
base material
lithium
preparation
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CN106025350A (en
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金新伟
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Changzhou Weida Plastic Co Ltd
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Changzhou Weida Plastic Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058Construction or manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0085Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to using PVB as the preparation method of the gel electrolyte of base material and its application in lithium battery, the mode that double-screw melt blending squeezes out is used to be prepared for the gel electrolyte master batch using PVB as base material, then gel electrolyte master batch is dissolved in ethyl alcohol, until being completely dissolved, water white transparency, uniform sticky gel electrolyte are obtained.Gel electrolyte made from this method has higher conductivity and good mechanical strength, is used for lithium ion battery, while having higher conductivity and good mechanical performance.

Description

Using PVB as the preparation method of the gel electrolyte of base material and its in lithium battery Using
Technical field
The invention belongs to new chemical materials preparing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of using PVB as the gel electrolyte of base material Preparation method and its application in lithium battery.
Background technology
Positive electrode, negative material, diaphragm and electrolyte needed for lithium ion battery manufacture are referred to as lithium-ion electric The 4 big critical materials in pond.It is born so far from first, whole world commercial Li-ion battery in 1991, occupies and rule in electrolyte market Status is still liquid electrolyte, that is, traditional liquid electrolyte.Electrolyte this have the advantage that conductivity height, and just The compatibility of negative material is good, electrochemical window mouth width.But since it contains inflammable, volatile organic solvent, in battery charge and discharge It is easy leakage, or even burning in electric process, causes safety problem.Especially under the conditions ofs high-power charge and discharge, super-charge super-discharge etc. Big calorimetric is will produce, the generation of gas can be accelerated, inner pressure of battery is caused to increase, gas leakage or even explosion on fire, thus exist Serious security risk.
Gel polymer electrolyte is a kind of novel functional high molecule material, is mainly made of polymeric matrix and salt The novel ion conductor of one kind, have many advantages, such as safety, No leakage, can be made into any shape and paid attention to by researchers.
Up to the present, the polymer dielectric that people develop has polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) base, polyoxy second Alkene (PE0) base, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) base etc..It studies most to be adequately with polyoxyethylene in polymer dielectric (PE0) base is the complex compound of the polymer alkali metal salt of representative, but PEO series has higher crystallinity, thus room temperature conductance Rate is relatively low, and only 10-7~10-8S/cm limits application.PMMA systems are due to relatively low (the cation transport number of lithium ion transference number It is usually no more than 0.5), keeps its conductivity relatively low.And have due to its higher dielectric constant in PVDF (Kynoar) system Help the dissociation of lithium salts, but in PVDF based polyalcohols, homopolymer symmetrical configuration is regular, crystallinity is high, is unfavorable for ion Conductance.Above-mentioned polymer dielectric limits the application in lithium polymer battery due to the relatively low disadvantage of conductivity.
In recent years, people by be added to polymer modification or in the polymer different additives to gel electrolyte into Row is modified, and achieves preferable effect, however can apply to the few of production, this is because polymer electrolyte system is difficult to There is higher conductivity and good mechanical strength simultaneously.
Invention content
In view of the above technical problems, with higher conductivity and good while the present invention provides one kind using PVB as base material The preparation method of the gel electrolyte of good mechanical strength, and provide application process of the material in lithium battery.
During lithium salts is dissolved in alcohol solvent, decomposition reaction is an exothermic reaction, if directly by lithium salts and PVB Resin and other auxiliary agents are dissolved in ethanol solution, since the heat that lithium salts decomposes to give off can make PVB become one with alcohol solvent A homogeneous system, causes lithium salts to be reunited, it is difficult to be dispersed in PVB matrixes.The present invention is by lithium salts and PVB resin and other The method that auxiliary agent uses double-screw melt blending to squeeze out is made using PVB as the gel electrolyte master batch of base material, solves lithium salts and exists Agglomeration traits in PVB resin ensure that lithium salts can be evenly dispersed in PVB matrixes, maintain the performance of matrix resin Advantage to improve the electric conductivity of PVB gel electrolytes, and ensure that the mechanical performance of final products.
Specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
(1) PVB resin, lithium salts and other auxiliary agents are mixed in proportion, the method squeezed out using double-screw melt blending It is made using PVB as the gel electrolyte master batch of base material;
(2) it will be dissolved in ethyl alcohol by the gel electrolyte master batch of base material of PVB made from step (1), until being completely dissolved, obtained To water white transparency, uniform sticky gel electrolyte.
Wherein, the PVB resin described in step (1), lithium salts, other auxiliary agents mass percent be:65~70:10~20: 15~25;
Other auxiliary agents described in step (1) include;Plasticizer, antioxidant, UV absorbers, stabilizer;
Lithium salts described in step (1) is:Lithium perchlorate, lithium carbonate, LiBF4, hexafluoroarsenate lithium, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid One kind in lithium or arbitrary several combination;
The dissolution time that ethyl alcohol is dissolved in using PVB as the gel electrolyte master batch of base material described in step (2) is:15~25 is small When;
The present invention also provides the application using PVB as the gel electrolyte of base material in lithium battery, the lithium ion battery Preparation method it is as follows:
(1) battery case is provided, vessel is equipped in shell, coagulating using PVB as base material prepared by the method for the present invention Glue electrolyte pours into the vessel interior sealing;
(2) anode and a cathode are provided, and the anode and the cathode are separately positioned on above-mentioned gel electricity Solve matter both sides;
(3) it is assembled into lithium ion battery.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) with alkali metal salt solvation can occur for polyether segment, with the movement of polymer segment, on PVB chains " complexing-solution complexing " can occur with alkali metal salt for ether oxygen group, promote transmission of the charged ion in macromolecule matrix, to The gel electrolyte of high conductivity is obtained, gel electrolyte obtained has very excellent security performance and chemical property;
(2) present invention uses and first prepares electrolyte master batch, then the method for preparing gel electrolyte so that lithium salts can be uniform Be dispersed in PVB matrixes, to improve the conductivity of gel electrolyte, and maintain the mechanical property of basis material, should Preparation method is simple, and cost is relatively low and environmentally protective;
(3) what prepared by the method for the present invention is used for lithium ion battery by the gel electrolyte of base material of PVB, can have simultaneously Higher conductivity and good mechanical performance.
Specific implementation mode
It is described in further detail with reference to embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
650gPVB resins, 200g lithium perchlorates, 100g plasticizer, 15g antioxidant, 15g UV absorbers, 20g is steady Determine agent to be added in high-speed mixer after evenly mixing, PVB gels are made using the method that double screw extruder melt blending squeezes out Electrolyte master batch, gel electrolyte master batch is placed in ethyl alcohol and dissolves 18h, is slowly stirred later up to being completely dissolved, is obtained nothing Color is transparent, uniform sticky gel electrolyte.
Embodiment 2:
680gPVB resins, 180g lithium carbonates, 110g plasticizer, 10g antioxidant, 10g UV absorbers, 10g are stablized Agent is added in high-speed mixer the method for using double screw extruder melt blending to squeeze out after evenly mixing and is made using PVB as base Material gel electrolyte master batch, gel electrolyte master batch is placed in ethyl alcohol and dissolves 18h, is slowly stirred later up to being completely dissolved, Obtain water white transparency, uniform sticky gel electrolyte.
Embodiment 3:
700gPVB resins, 150g lithium carbonates, 100g plasticizer, 20g antioxidant, 20g UV absorbers, 10g are stablized Agent is added in high-speed mixer the method for using double screw extruder melt blending to squeeze out after evenly mixing and is made using PVB as base The gel electrolyte master batch of material, gel electrolyte master batch is placed in ethyl alcohol and dissolves 20h, is slowly stirred later until completely molten Solution obtains water white transparency, uniform sticky gel electrolyte.
Embodiment 4
700gPVB resins, 150g lithium perchlorates, 100g plasticizer, 20g antioxidant, 20g UV absorbers, 10g is steady Determine in agent addition high-speed mixer after evenly mixing, the method for using double screw extruder melt blending extrusion, which is made with PVB, is The gel electrolyte master batch of base material, gel electrolyte master batch is placed in ethyl alcohol and dissolves 25h, is slowly stirred later until completely molten Solution obtains water white transparency, uniform sticky gel electrolyte.
Comparative example 1
By 700gPVB resins, 150g lithium perchlorates, 100g plasticizer, 20g antioxidant, 20g UV absorbers, 10g light Stabilizer, which is placed in ethyl alcohol, dissolves 20h, is slowly stirred later up to being completely dissolved, obtains gel electrolyte.
Comparative example 2
By 700gPVB resins, 150g lithium perchlorates, 100g plasticizer, 20g antioxidant, 20g UV absorbers, 10g light Stabilizer, which is placed in ethyl alcohol, dissolves 25h, is slowly stirred later up to being completely dissolved, obtains gel electrolyte.
Performance test:
Prepare gel electrolyte membrane:
Gel electrolyte is cast in mold, the dry 1h at 50 DEG C is then dry in 50 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers 48h obtains the gel electrolyte membrane that thickness is 0.7mm.
Conductivity:Using stainless steel substrates as blocking electrode, simulated battery is prepared, does ac impedance measurement.AC impedance curve It is the ontology impedance of the gel electrolyte membrane in the intersection value of high frequency region and horizontal axis.According to the ontology impedance (Rb) and its Relationship between conductivity (σ):
σ=d/ (S*Rb)
The conductivity (σ) of the gel electrolyte membrane can be calculated, wherein d is thickness, the S of the gel electrolyte membrane For the contact area of the gel electrolyte membrane and the stainless steel blocking electrode.
Processing machinery performance test sample:
Tensile strength and elongation at break:Specimen shape and size are according to the regulation system for meeting GB/T 1040.3-2006 Make.
Tearing strength:Specimen shape and size make according to square sample as defined in GB/T 529 is met.
Tensile strength and elongation at break:It is tested according to GB/T 1040.3-2006
Tearing strength:It is tested according to GB/T 529
1 gel electrolyte the performance test results produced by the present invention of table
Conductivity/S/cm Tensile strength/MPa Elongation at break/% Tearing strength/N
Embodiment 1 10-5 24 240 36
Embodiment 2 10-5 26 245 38
Embodiment 3 10-5 28 260 40
Embodiment 4 10-5 28 260 40
Comparative example 1 10-7 23 240 36
Comparative example 2 10-7 24 240 36

Claims (6)

1. a kind of using PVB as the preparation method of the gel electrolyte of base material, it is characterised in that:The preparation method includes following work Skill step:
(1) PVB resin, lithium salts and other auxiliary agents are mixed in proportion, is made using the method that double-screw melt blending squeezes out Using PVB as the gel electrolyte master batch of base material;
(2) it will be dissolved in ethyl alcohol by the gel electrolyte master batch of base material of PVB made from step (1), until being completely dissolved, obtains nothing Color is transparent, uniform sticky gel electrolyte.
2. as described in claim 1 using PVB as the preparation method of the gel electrolyte of base material, it is characterised in that:Step (1) institute The PVB resin stated, lithium salts, other auxiliary agents mass percent be:65~70:10~20:15~25.
3. as described in claim 1 using PVB as the preparation method of the gel electrolyte of base material, it is characterised in that:Step (1) institute The other auxiliary agents stated include:Plasticizer, antioxidant, UV absorbers, stabilizer.
4. as described in claim 1 using PVB as the preparation method of the gel electrolyte of base material, it is characterised in that:Step (1) institute The lithium salts stated is:Lithium perchlorate, lithium carbonate, LiBF4, hexafluoroarsenate lithium, one kind in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid lithium or arbitrary several Kind combination.
5. as described in claim 1 using PVB as the preparation method of the gel electrolyte of base material, it is characterised in that:Step (2) institute That states, which is dissolved in the dissolution time of ethyl alcohol using PVB as the gel electrolyte master batch of base material, is:15~25 hours.
6. prepared by method as described in claim 1 is applied to lithium ion battery, feature by the gel electrolyte of base material of PVB It is:The preparation method of the lithium ion battery is as follows:
(1) battery case is provided, vessel is equipped in shell, the vessel will be poured by the gel electrolyte of base material of PVB Interior sealing;
(2) anode and a cathode are provided, and the anode and the cathode are separately positioned on above-mentioned gel electrolyte Both sides;
(3) it is assembled into lithium ion battery.
CN201610499130.3A 2016-06-29 2016-06-29 Using PVB as the preparation method of the gel electrolyte of base material and its application in lithium battery Expired - Fee Related CN106025350B (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103295793A (en) * 2012-03-05 2013-09-11 上海斑图实业有限公司 Polyvinyl butyral application, dye-sensitized solar cell quasi solid electrolyte film and preparing method for dye-sensitized solar cell quasi solid electrolyte film
CN105428709A (en) * 2015-11-19 2016-03-23 电子科技大学 Method for preparing modified PVB polymer electrolyte membrane

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103295793A (en) * 2012-03-05 2013-09-11 上海斑图实业有限公司 Polyvinyl butyral application, dye-sensitized solar cell quasi solid electrolyte film and preparing method for dye-sensitized solar cell quasi solid electrolyte film
CN105428709A (en) * 2015-11-19 2016-03-23 电子科技大学 Method for preparing modified PVB polymer electrolyte membrane

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
A novel PVB based polymer membrane and its application in gel polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries;Fang Lian,et al.;《Journal of membrane science》;20140117;摘要,第47页结论部分 *

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