CN105994100A - Marine fish fry breeding device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

Seawater fish nursery device and seedling method provided by the present invention, the aspect ratio of nursery pond is 3-6׃1, the water inlet end and outflow end of described nursery pond [3] are connected with a pond [1], and pond volume It is more than 14 times the volume of the nursery pool. A water-air mixing device [2] is provided at the water inlet end, and a dirt collection tank [5] is provided on the bottom surface of the outflow end. The stocking density of larvae in the described nursery pond is greater than 60,000 tails/cubic meter; Cultivate rotifers and copepods by applying inorganic fertilizers containing N and P to the pond and send them into the nursery pond with water; Suction dirt. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has concentrated fry, is convenient for observation and capture, concentrates feeding and has less residue. The dirt is deposited in the dirt collection tank, which is convenient to discharge. The water in the nursery pool is exchanged with the pond water without changing the water. The water in the nursery pond is mixed with water and air (aeration), and the dirt is removed at any time, so that it can maintain a good quality and do not need to be cultured in separate ponds. The survival rate of seedlings was determined to be 30-40% by experiments.

Description

Seawater fish nursery device and nursery method

technical field

The invention relates to a seawater fish nursery device and a nursery method.

Background technique

Nursery is the process from the hatching of fish eggs to seedlings, that is, the process of hatching fertilized eggs to obtain larvae, and raising them to grow into juvenile fish through juvenile fish. At present, most of the seedlings are raised in indoor seedling ponds. During the seedling raising period, a large amount of baits need to be fed, mainly rotifers, artemia nauplii and copepods, and compound feeds are also needed in the later stage. At the same time, it is necessary to regularly discharge the sewage and change the water to maintain good water quality and allow the fry to grow in a suitable environment. The density of fry in the nursery pond is about 20,000 to 30,000 fish/cubic meter, and the survival rate is 10-20%. Another published maximum frying density is 50,000 fish/cubic meter.

Raising seedlings according to the above method, because the density of seedlings is low, it is difficult to observe the growth of fry, the bait is relatively scattered, the residual amount is large, and the harvesting efficiency of fry harvest is low. And if simply increase the fry density in the nursery pond, the survival rate will be reduced because the water quality is difficult to guarantee. In addition, in indoor seedling breeding, as the fry grow up, due to factors such as increased oxygen consumption, increased residual bait, and increased excrement, it is easy to cause water quality to deteriorate. .

In a word, existing seedling raising methods have the shortcomings of large water consumption, large feed consumption, and high labor costs.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above deficiencies, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to increase the fry density and maintain a sufficient survival rate, so as to provide an effective high-density seawater fish nursery device and a nursery method.

The seawater fish nursery device provided by the present invention is a rectangular civil nursery pond, the aspect ratio of the nursery pond is 3-6׃1, the water flow enters from one short side end and flows out from the other short side end, wherein The water end is equipped with a water-air mixing device, the edge of the pool at the outflow end is an overflow edge, and an escape net is set on the overflow edge, and a sewage collection tank is provided on the bottom surface of the outflow end according to the short side, and the sewage collection tank has a sewage outlet and a sewage pump There is a safety net outside the sewage outlet; the water inlet and outlet of the seedling pond are connected to a pond, and the volume of the pond is more than 14 times the volume of the seedling pond.

In the seedling raising method of the seawater fish seedling raising device provided by the present invention, the larvae obtained after hatching of fish eggs are first put into the seedling pond, and then fed with rotifers, artemia nauplii, copepods or supplementary compound feed according to the growth degree; The stocking density of larvae in the nursery pond is greater than 60,000 tails/cubic meter; the rotifers and copepods are cultivated by applying inorganic fertilizers containing N and P to the pond and sent into the nursery from the pond with water through a water-air mixing device In the pool; periodically suck the dirt from the dirt collection tank.

In the seawater fish nursery device and seedling method provided by the present invention, high-density fish fry are put into the nursery pond and the water in the pond participates in the water circulation in the nursery pond, and at the same time, rotifers, copepods and other baits are propagated in the pond with the water flow into the nursery pond. Compared with the prior art, since the fry are concentrated, it is convenient to observe and catch, and saves labor input. For the feed that needs to be fed manually, the feeding range is small and relatively concentrated, and the feeding efficiency of the fry to the feed is good, and the residual amount is small; the feed residue and excrement are deposited in the sewage collection tank with the water flow, and it is convenient to discharge. The water in the nursery pond is flowing and is constantly exchanged with the large water body in the pond, so it is not necessary to change the water frequently to reduce the water consumption. The water in the nursery pond has been mixed with water and air (aeration) to increase the oxygen content and remove dirt at any time. Therefore, although the fry density in the nursery pond is high, the water in the nursery pond can always maintain a good quality and avoid Go to the step of sub-pond farming. The survival rate of seedling cultivation of the present invention is determined to be 30-40% through actual tests.

In the seawater fish nursery device provided by the present invention, the nursery pond is built in the pond, that is, at least two short sides and one long side are built in the water body of the pond, thereby shortening the length of the water inlet and outlet channels.

A hatching pond is built next to the nursery pond to facilitate the transfer of larvae, shorten the transfer time of larvae, and improve the quality of larvae.

Described nursery pond is built with scaffolding, and shading material is installed on the scaffolding, to prevent that strong light damages fry.

The shading material is unwinding type, lighting lamps are also installed in the shed, and an illumination sensor is installed above the seedling pond. Standard values of illuminance are stored. The light used to control the nursery ponds is neither too strong nor too weak.

The shading material is a translucent plastic film, and a rain sensor is installed outside the scaffold, and the rain sensor is also connected to the control unit. The control unit also stores a standard value of rainfall, and the control unit rolls out the shading material according to the command signal generated by the rain sensor. Machine control switch connection. When the rainfall is greater than the standard value, the translucent plastic film is covered on the nursery pond by thatch.

An air distribution pipe is erected on the wall of the nursery pond, and the air distribution pipe is connected to the air pump. A dissolved oxygen sensor is also installed in the nursery pond. The control switch of the air pump and the dissolved oxygen sensor are all connected to the control unit. Oxygen standard value.

A bait density detection device is installed in the pond, an electric fertilization device is installed on the pond, the electric fertilization device and the bait density detection device are connected with a control unit, and a standard value of bait density is stored in the control unit. The bait density detection device is usually a camera device with limited background and range, and the bait density is estimated by comparing the computer with the standard image. The electric fertilization device is usually a fertilizer bin and a dispensing mechanism, such as a jet pump, a spreading machine, etc.

An ammonia nitrogen content sensor is installed in the pond, and the ammonia nitrogen content sensor is connected to a control unit, which stores a standard value of ammonia nitrogen content, and the control unit is connected to the electric fertilization device according to the command signal generated by the ammonia nitrogen content sensor.

The water inlet of the water-air mixing device is respectively connected to the pond and the nursery pond through a two-position three-way switching valve. One of the switch valves is connected to the pond and the water inlet, and the other is connected to the nursery pond and the water inlet for switching the water in the nursery pond. outer loop and inner loop.

There are multiple water outlets of the water-air mixing device arranged side by side, and they are evenly distributed on the full length of the water inlet end of the nursery pond, and the water outlet is a jet pointing to the water outlet.

The seedling raising method of the seawater fish seedling raising device provided by the invention,

1) In the stage of larvae, the water-air mixing device works in intermittent opening mode, and the mesh of the escape net and safety net is smaller than the minimum size of larvae in the nursery pond;

2) In the larvae stage, when the amount of bait supplied by the pond is found to be insufficient through observation, the bait is supplemented by artificial feeding, and at the same time, the inlet of the water-air mixing device is switched to the water circulation in the nursery pond;

3) In the juvenile fish stage, the water-air mixing device works in an all-day open mode, and the mesh of the escape net and safety net is smaller than the minimum size of the fish in the nursery pond;

4) During heavy rain, the inlet of the water-air mixing device is switched to the water circulation in the nursery pool;

5) The water flow velocity in the nursery pond is lower than the maximum velocity for maintaining the fry to swim autonomously.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the plane view of seedling raising device among the present invention, and Fig. 2 is the elevation view of seedling raising device among the present invention, among the figure: 1-pond, 2-air-water mixing device, 3-nursery pool, 4-hatch pond, 5- Dirt collection tank.

detailed description

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, two side-by-side ponds are constructed with civil engineering techniques in an earthen pond 1. The two ponds are rectangular and connected by long sides, and the long side of one of the ponds is close to the pond bank. In two ponds, what lean on the pond edge is the hatching pond 4, and the other is the nursery pond 3. The area ratio of the nursery pond to the pond is 1׃20, and the aspect ratio of the nursery pond is 5׃1. A water-air mixing device 2 is installed on a short side of the nursery pond, and a two-position three-way switch valve is installed on the water inlet of the mixing device, and the other two ports of the switch valve are connected to the external circulation suction port of 30 cm below the water surface of the pond, and the other Connect the internal circulation suction port 20 cm below the water surface of the nursery pond. The switching valve is used to connect the water inlet of the mixing device with the suction port of the internal circulation or with the suction port of the external circulation. The water outlet of the mixing device is arranged at 40 cm above the bottom of the pool according to the full length of the side of the pool. The water outlet is the jet port with the water flow direction pointing to the short side of the other end of the nursery pool. The water outlet drives the water in the nursery pool to flow from one end to another side. The other short side of the nursery pool is the overflow side, and an escape net is set on the overflow side to prevent the fry from escaping the nursery pool with the water flow, and a groove is set along the short side on the bottom of the pool inside the overflow side as a dirt collection tank 5. There is a sewage suction port at the bottom of the tank to connect with the sewage suction pump, and a safety net is installed outside the sewage suction port to prevent fry from being sucked in. The so-called safety net is at the periphery of the suction port, the blocking net that the suction is not enough to hinder the free swimming position of the fry to prevent the fry from being sucked into the sewage suction pump. The four sides of the nursery pool are set up with scaffolding upwards, and the roll-type thatch cover film is installed on the top of the shed. The thatch cover film is a black-gray plastic film, which is both translucent and waterproof. The unwinding type thatch cover film is composed of a unwinding shaft with a film rolled on it, a motor and a speed change mechanism for driving the unwinding shaft. An illuminance sensor and a temperature sensor are installed under the roof, and lighting lamps are also installed under the roof. A rain sensor is installed outside the shed. An air distribution pipe is evenly installed on the wall of the nursery pond, the air distribution pipe is a pipe with an air outlet, and the air distribution pipe is connected with an air pump. A floating platform is built in the pond, and a fertilizer bin is installed on the floating platform. Liquid fertilizer is housed in the fertilizer bin. The fertilizer is inorganic fertilizer containing N and P. The lower port of the fertilizer bin is connected to the inlet of a jet pump. Camera devices are installed at different depths and in different areas under the water surface in the pond. There is a circular white background of the same size at the same distance in front of the cameras of each camera device, and there is synchronous lighting when taking pictures. A sensor for ammonia nitrogen levels is also installed in the pond. There is a control unit, whose signal input port is connected to various camera devices, illuminance sensors, rain sensors, ammonia nitrogen content sensors and oxygen content sensors through a wireless transceiver device, and its signal output port is connected to the power supply of the discharge motor, lighting lamp, jet pump and air pump switch. There is a computer in the control unit, which stores the bait density standard value, bait identification program, illuminance standard value, rainfall standard value, ammonia nitrogen content standard value and oxygen content standard value. The control unit is also connected with the sewage suction pump and the water-air mixing device. An electric heating device is installed on the wall of the hatching pool, a temperature sensor is installed in the nursery pool, and a ventilation fan is installed at the end of the shed. They are all connected to the control unit, which stores the standard value of the hatching pool water temperature control. An axial-flow agitator is installed in the hatching tank.

During operation, take yellow croaker nursery as an example, prepare ponds, seedling ponds, and hatching ponds according to the required salinity and depth, put fertilized eggs in the hatching pond for incubation, turn on the control unit, and according to the temperature feedback from the temperature sensor in the hatching pond Adjust the water temperature with an electric water heating device or a ventilation fan. At the same time, biological baits such as rotifers and copepods are cultivated in the pond, the water-air mixing device is turned on, and the external circulation is switched to make the water in the pond and the nursery pond start to circulate and be stirred. After the eggs start to hatch and produce larvae, artificially feed the biological bait into the hatching pond. When the larvae grow to more than 8 mm, they are regularly transferred to the nursery pond in batches. The total number of fry in the nursery pond is 80,000 fish/cubic rice. From the seedlings put in, turn on the sewage suction pump, rolling motor, lighting, jet pump, air pump, etc. to be controlled by the control unit. The control unit controls the film unwinding or lighting according to the illuminance of the nursery pond obtained by the illuminance sensor; controls the film unwinding and switches the internal and external circulation according to the rainfall sensor; according to the calculation result of the image obtained by the camera device in the computer and the feedback data of the ammonia nitrogen content sensor to control the jet pump to fertilize ;According to the feedback data of the oxygen sensor, the air pump is controlled to supplement the aeration of the seedling pond, so as to ensure that the seedling pond obtains standard irradiation, oxygen content and bait quantity. Regularly draw sewage from the nursery pond for disposal, and at the same time pour supplementary seawater into the pond. During the manual observation of the situation in the nursery pond, the water-air mixing device works in the intermittent opening mode of opening for 4 hours and stopping for 2 hours at the larval stage of fry body length below 15 mm, and the mesh of the anti-escape net and safety net is 60 mesh ; If it is found that the amount of bait supplied by the pond is insufficient, supplement the bait in time by artificial feeding, and at the same time switch the inlet of the water-air mixing device to the internal circulation of the water in the nursery pond; The device works in the all-day open mode, and the mesh of the replacement anti-escape net and safety net is 40 mesh; in addition, the inlet of the water-air mixing device is switched to the internal circulation of the nursery pond water during heavy rains, and the water flow speed in the nursery pond is lower than the maximum for keeping the fry autonomously swimming. speed. Seedlings emerge when all fry are larger than 25 mm and enter the larval stage. The accidental incidents were dealt with in time, and the amount of fry finally obtained was about 36.89% of the amount of larvae put in.

Claims (10)

1. A seawater fish nursery device is a rectangular civil nursery pond, characterized in that the aspect ratio of the nursery pond is 3-6׃1, and the water flow enters from one short side and flows out from the other short side , where the water inlet end is equipped with a water-air mixing device, the edge of the pool at the outflow end is an overflow edge, and an escape net is set on the overflow edge, and a sewage collection tank is opened on the bottom surface of the outflow end according to the short side, and the sewage collection tank has a sewage outlet It is connected with a sewage pump, and there is a safety net outside the sewage outlet; the water inlet and outflow ends of the seedling pond are connected with a pond, and the volume of the pond is more than 14 times the volume of the seedling pond. 2. The seawater fish nursery device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water inlet of the water-air mixing device is connected to the pond and the seedling pond respectively through a two-position three-way switching valve, and one of the switching valves is connected to the pond and the inlet. Shuikou, the other is connected to the seedling pond and the water inlet. 3. seawater fish nursery device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the water outlet of described water-air mixing device is juxtaposed with a plurality of, and they are evenly distributed on the full length of the water inlet edge of nursery pond, and described outlet The water port is a spray port pointing to the water outlet. 4. Seawater fish nursery device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described seedling pond wall is erected with air distribution pipe, air distribution pipe is connected with air pump, dissolved oxygen sensor is also installed in the nursery pond, the control of air pump The switch and the dissolved oxygen sensor are connected with the control unit, and the standard value of dissolved oxygen is stored in the control unit. 5. Seawater fish nursery device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that described nursery pond is built with scaffolding, is equipped with shading material on the scaffolding, and described shading material is roll type , Lighting lamps are also installed in the scaffolding, an illumination sensor is installed above the seedling pond, the control switch of the shading material rolling machine and the lighting lamp, and the illumination sensor are connected with the control unit, and the standard value of illumination is stored in the control unit. 6. The seawater fish nursery device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the shading material is a translucent plastic film, a rain sensor is installed outside the scaffold, the rain sensor is connected to the control unit, and the control unit also stores Rainfall standard value, the control unit is connected with the control switch of the shading material winder according to the command signal generated by the rain sensor. 7. The seawater fish nursery device as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 is characterized in that a bait density detection device and/or an ammonia nitrogen content sensor are installed in the pond, an electric fertilization device is installed on the pond, and an electric fertilization device is installed on the pond. The fertilization device, the bait density detection device, and the ammonia nitrogen content sensor are connected to the control unit, and the control unit stores standard values of bait density and ammonia nitrogen content. 8. The seawater fish nursery device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that a bait density detection device and/or an ammonia nitrogen content sensor are installed in the pond, an electric fertilization device is installed on the pond, an electric fertilization device and a bait density detection The device and the ammonia nitrogen content sensor are connected with the control unit, and the standard value of the bait density and the standard value of the ammonia nitrogen content are stored in the control unit. 9. The seedling raising method of the seawater fish seedling raising device as claimed in claim 1, the gained larvae after hatching of fish eggs are put in the nursery pond earlier, then fed with rotifers, artemia nauplii, copepods according to the growth degree Or supplement compound feed; it is characterized in that the stocking density of larvae in the nursery pond is greater than 60,000 tails/cubic meter; the rotifers and copepods are cultivated by applying inorganic fertilizers containing N and P to the pond and mixed with water and air. The device is sent from the pond to the seedling pond along with the water; the sewage is sucked from the sewage collection tank at regular intervals. 10. The seedling raising method of seawater fish seedling raising device as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that: 1) In the stage of larvae, the water-air mixing device works in intermittent opening mode, and the mesh of the escape net and safety net is smaller than the minimum size of larvae in the nursery pond; 2) In the larvae stage, when the amount of bait supplied by the pond is found to be insufficient through observation, the bait is supplemented by artificial feeding, and at the same time, the inlet of the water-air mixing device is switched to the water circulation in the nursery pond; 3) In the juvenile fish stage, the water-air mixing device works in an all-day open mode, and the mesh of the escape net and safety net is smaller than the minimum size of the fish in the nursery pond; 4) During heavy rain, the inlet of the water-air mixing device is switched to the water circulation in the nursery pool; 5) The water flow velocity in the nursery pond is lower than the maximum velocity for maintaining the fry to swim autonomously.