CN105988133B - A kind of Borehole strain observation Whole frequency band data acquisition unit - Google Patents
A kind of Borehole strain observation Whole frequency band data acquisition unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN105988133B CN105988133B CN201510055175.7A CN201510055175A CN105988133B CN 105988133 B CN105988133 B CN 105988133B CN 201510055175 A CN201510055175 A CN 201510055175A CN 105988133 B CN105988133 B CN 105988133B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to digital seismic to observe field, more particularly to a kind of Borehole strain observation Whole frequency band data acquisition unit.The data acquisition unit is provided with two 4 input data acquisition channels simultaneously, the observation data of the observation data of the high-precision wide-dynamic-range of output second sampling simultaneously and 100 samplings and the high sampling rate of 10000Hz samplings, and precision synchronous has been carried out to observation data by gps clock, can be with frequency band range 10‑6Hz 1000Hz 4 component borehole strain seismic detectors form observation system together, while carry out earth tide, seismic wave and the digital observation of high frequency microseism or ground sound.Both the traditional observation of earth tide function of drilling strain gauge had been remained, the seismic wave observation new way opened up again beyond pendulum seismograph, especially while it is provided with high frequency microseism or Earth sound observation function, cover whole frequency bands in seismological observation field, the abundant people of understanding in to(for) seismic wave, deepen people has applications well meaning for high frequency microseism or the understanding of ground sound etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to digital seismic to observe field, more particularly to a kind of Borehole strain observation Whole frequency band data acquisition
Controller.Can be to the high-precision wide-dynamic-range and 10000Hz of the output second sampling simultaneously of 4 input signals and 100Hz samplings
The high sampling rate observation data of sampling, and row clock precision synchronous is entered to observation data by gps clock, can be with frequency band range
10-6Hz-1000Hz 4 component borehole strain seismic detectors form while observe earth tide together, seismic wave and high frequency microseism or ground
The observation system of sound.
Background technology
Drilling strain gauge is a kind of strain measurement instrument, be in CDSN a kind of key instrument it
One, and the instrument that the U.S. " globe lens " plan uses.In CDSN, the drilling strain gauge cycle is utilized
The low frequency observation information of more than 120 seconds, the sample rate of data acquisition unit samples for minute, mainly by observing earth tide and its change
Change to be predicted the research that predicts an earthquake；The U.S. " globe lens " in the works, observation simulation 10-6Hz-5Hz, and limit
In low-frequency range.People record low frequency signal with drilling strain gauge all the time, and for recording the seismic wave of higher frequency,
The good drilling strain gauge of high frequency response characteristic does not cause more concerns before occurring.It is main in short seismic wave frequency domain
To be observed by pendulum seismograph.At present, the observation simulation of pendulum seismograph is 360 seconds -100Hz, and record is speed（Or
Acceleration, displacement）Vector.Said in principle, the Strain seismic wave of drilling strain gauge observation is second-order tensor, and different physical quantitys will
There is provided more to the understanding of seismic wave for us.And crustal movement of the frequency higher than 100 Hz has exceeded the prison of pendulum seismograph
Frequency measurement domain, therefore in the frequency domain higher than 100 Hz, it is actually also not well known in the presence of which kind of crustal movement.But there are a variety of signs
Show there is very important crustal motion information in this frequency domain.The experiment of rock stress discloses acoustic emission phenomenon, is answering
When power reaches the half of fracture strength of rock, acoustic emission signal dramatically increases, when micro rupture further develops, sound emission frequency
From high frequency to low frequency variations.Thus during earthquake preparation or the preceding stratum micro rupture of violent earthquake, high-frequency sound must be had
Transmission signal produces, and is also heard before multiple earthquake by human ear, only can not be deep because lacking reliable instrument record data
Enter understanding.Ground sound is a kind of Impending precursor, is frequently experienced in several seconds before earthquake, in a few minutes or a few houres, several days, pre- to imminent earthquake
Report and earthquake self-rescue have important research meaning.Therefore, national inventing patent ZL20061007216.7 is proposed and is realized a kind of frequency
The 4 component borehole strain seismic detectors with scope 10-6Hz-1000Hz, possess while observe earth tide, seismic wave and high frequency microseism
Or the ability of ground sound.
With the progress of electronic technology, digital observation technology is continuously available development, and digital observation technology is because with sight
Survey data are easy to the outstanding advantages for storing, transmitting and handling and have become the selection of Observation Technology of Earthquakes.National inventing patent
The borehole strain seismic detector strain resolution that ZL20061007216.7 is proposed and realized is up to 1 × 10-12, it is necessary to high-precision, big
The data acquisition unit of dynamic range is matched.Though the data acquisition unit of current matched application meets to require in precision,
But sample rate samples for minute, improved data acquisition unit sample rate brings up to second sampling, only considers that the earth tide of low frequency is seen
Survey.The higher seismic data collector of sample rate, designed for pendulum seismograph, focus on that seismic wave is observed, generally provide 3-6
Individual data acquisition channel, corresponding 1-2 platform seismic detectors, up to 500Hz, some seismic data collectors also add the second and adopt sample rate
The accessory channel of sample, for observation of earth tide.When 4 for proposing and realizing applied to national inventing patent ZL20061007216.7
During component borehole strain seismic detector, problems be present：1st, due to being designed mainly for three-component seismograph, its port number is uncomfortable
Together in the borehole strain seismic detector, i.e., if seismographic 4 components of borehole strain be arranged in 2 groups of data acquisition channels as
Two seismic detectors are treated, and will be that instrument and data management bring very big inconvenience；2nd, seismic wave and fixed tide can only at most be taken into account
Observation, the observing function without high frequency microseism or ground sound.Other types of data acquisition unit does not also possess while observed solid
Body tide, seismic wave and high frequency microseism or the ability or function of ground sound.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：A kind of Borehole strain observation Whole frequency band data acquisition unit is provided, can
To the output second sampling simultaneously of 4 input signals and 100Hz sampling high-precision wide-dynamic-ranges and the high sampling rate of 10000Hz samplings
Data are observed, and row clock precision synchronous is entered to observation data by gps clock, can be with frequency band range 10-6Hz-1000Hz
4 component borehole strain seismic detectors form together while observe earth tide, seismic wave and the observation system of high frequency microseism or ground sound,
Applied to based on the seismographic digital seismic observation field of the borehole strain.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem uses：The second sampling of high-precision wide-dynamic-range and 100Hz
Sampled data output passage realized by 4 32 ∑s-Δ type a/d converter ADS1281, CPLD and DSP, and CPLD is by ADS1281
Merely through the over-sampling data of sinc filter（8000Hz sample rates）The form that can be read for DSP is organized as, DSP is read should
Data are filtered processing by respective serial FIR decimation filter of digital respectively, respectively the sampling of output second and 100Hz samplings
Data, data processing, storage and communications module are given by RS232 oral instructions.Data processing, storage and communications module
Mainly it is made up of ARM9 processors, network interface card and SD card.In addition by 1 24 ∑-Δ type a/d converter ADS1274 and above-mentioned CPLD
The data output passage of high sampling rate is realized, 1 ADS1274 supports 4 input signals synchronously to input, and directly exports 10000Hz and adopts
Sample data.CPLD is converted to ADS1274 output data the form that the IIS interfaces of above-mentioned ARM9 processors can be read,
ARM9 handled after reading the data, is stored and communications.The precision interval clock of gathered data is realized by following 3 measures
It is synchronous：1st, embedded time service type GPS module, the output frequency for controlling VCXO with GPS PPS signals are locked in a certain setpoint frequency, surely
Fixed degree is ± 1Hz, and the frequency signal is input to each a/d converter as working frequency after CPLD is divided, ensures input AD again
The stable working frequency of converter；2nd, some rising edge time after GPS PPS are effective sends lock-out pulse and is input to each AD
Converter, the working condition of a/d converter is synchronous；3rd, by each output data of ADS1281 8000Hz sample rates and
The data of ADS1274 10000Hz sample rates all add clock marks, and are identified in subsequent treatment.
The present invention has following innovative point and major advantage：
1. it is integrated with the data acquisition channel of high-precision wide-dynamic-range and the data acquisition channel of high sampling rate, Neng Goutong
Shi Jinhang earth tides, seismic wave and the digital observation of high frequency microseism or ground sound, can be with the 4 of frequency band range 10-6Hz-1000Hz
Component borehole strain seismic detector forms observation system together.Both the traditional observation of earth tide function of drilling strain gauge had been remained, again
The seismic wave observation new way opened up beyond pendulum seismograph, especially while being provided with high frequency microseism or Earth sound observation work(
Can, whole frequency bands in seismological observation field are covered, the understanding in abundant people for seismic wave, it is micro- for high frequency to deepen people
Shake or the understanding of ground sound etc. have applications well meaning.
2. including clock synchronization module, clock marks particularly are added to the change data of a/d converter, and in software
It is subject to identifying processing, can be efficiently against the drift effect of clock.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is data acquisition unit structured flowchart.
In figure：1 --- low-pass filter circuit
2——ADS1281
3 --- CPLD, CPLD
4 --- high-pass filtering and amplifying circuit
5——ADS1274
6 --- ARM9 processors
7 --- IIS, integrated audio interface
8 --- clock synchronization module
9 --- DSP, digital signal processor
10 --- RS232 interface
11 --- RS232 interface
12 --- network interface card
13 --- SD card.
Fig. 2 is clock synchronization module structured flowchart.
In figure：14 --- GPS module, GPS module
15 --- PPS, pps pulse per second signal
16 --- antenna
17 --- single-chip microcomputer
18 --- DAC, digital analog converter part
19 --- VCXO, voltage controlled oscillator.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
A kind of Borehole strain observation Whole frequency band data acquisition unit provided by the invention, its structured flowchart are as shown in Figure 1：4 points
It is divided into two-way after the amount seismographic 4 component signals input data collector of borehole strain, inputs low-pass filter circuit all the way
（1）ADS1281 (2), low-pass filter circuit are inputted afterwards（1）Cut-off frequency be set to 40Hz.ADS1281（2）It is a kind of 32
High-precision wide-dynamic-range ∑-Δ type a/d converter, its inside are taken out comprising 4 rank sigma-delta modulators and SINC with serial FIR numerals
Take wave filter, energy output sample rate 250Hz to 4000Hz change data.Because its Least sampling rate 250Hz is not met generally
The requirement of the 100Hz sample rates of seismic wave observation, and its internal part FIR decimation filter of digital is half-band filter,
Stopband attenuation is less than -150dB, is unsatisfactory for requirement of the seismic wave observation for digital filter, therefore the borehole strain of the present invention
Observation Whole frequency band data acquisition unit uses ADS1281（2）Merely through the output number of the 8000Hz sample rates of SINC digital filters
According to, by designed, designed meet seismic wave observation require FIR decimation filter of digital obtain wanting to be filtered processing
The change data for the sample rate asked.ADS1281（2）8000Hz sample rates data by CPLD（3）It can be DSP to be organized into
（9）The form read, DSP（9）Described FIR digital program-con-trolled exchanges are carried out to the data of reading by software programming.For
The change data output of 100Hz sample rates, the data of 8000Hz sample rates pass through the FIR numbers that down-sampled rate is 10,4 and 2 respectively
Word decimation filter, wherein down-sampled rate is 10 for comb filter, filter length is shorter, computational efficiency is high and delay compared with
Small, down-sampled rate is 4 and 2 for low pass filter, and filter length is longer, and computational efficiency is low and delay is larger.Adopted for the second
The change data output of sample, a kind of method are that above-mentioned 100Hz sample rate output datas are averaged, simple equivalent to carrying out
Comb filtering, calculate simple but can not effectively filter nyquist frequency（0.5Hz）Signal component above, exist serious
Aliasing effect influence, change data production sample for this Borehole strain observation Whole frequency band data acquisition unit of the invention for the second
It is that the data of 8000Hz sample rates are filtered by another serial FIR decimation filter of digital to go out, i.e., is adopted respectively by drop
Sample rate is 20,10,5,4 and 2 FIR decimation filter of digital, wherein down-sampled rate is 20,10 and 5 for comb filter, and
And down-sampled rate be 10 filter parameter and 100Hz sample rate change data outputs in down-sampled rate be 10 wave filter ginseng
Number is identical, and down-sampled rate is 4 and 2 for low pass filter, is also 4 with down-sampled rate in 100Hz sample rate change data outputs
It is identical with the parameter of 2 wave filter.100Hz sample rates and second sample conversion data pass through RS232 (10) and RS232 (11) respectively
Two serial ports are sent to ARM9 processors（6）, ARM9 processors（6）Support network interface card（12）And SD card（13）, can be to consecutive numbers
According to being stored and network communication and transmission, seismic events judgement can also be carried out, event data is stored and network service
Transmission.
The component signal of another way 4 inputs high-pass filtering and amplifying circuit（4）Afterwards input ADS1274 (5), high-pass filtering and
Amplifying circuit（4）Cut-off frequency be set to 40Hz.ADS1274 (5) is 24 ∑s-Δ type a/d converter, and 1 is supported 4 road signals
Synchronous input, sample rate are set to 10000Hz.For the data of 4 road 10000Hz sample rates, in the case that data bit is 16, often
Second data amount is 80000 bytes, can not be transmitted by RS232 mouths, and generally use FIFO or dual port RAM carry out data friendship
Change, but the shortcomings that more increase device, data wire and stability difference be present.ARM9 processors（6）Select S3C2410, present invention profit
With ARM9 processors（6）The IIS carried（7）Interface is stable to reduce device, reduction data wire and raising to realize data transfer
Property.CPLD（3）ADS1274 (5) 24 change datas are received, only takes its high 16, is converted into ARM9 processors（6）'s
IIS（7）Input form required by interface, ARM9 processors（6）The data are read, carry out seismic events judgement, event data
Storage and network communication and transmission.
For seismic wave observation, an important requirement be observation data must clock precision synchronous, thus can be with
Time differences of the different stations is reached by seismic wave to carry out the positioning of focus.The Borehole strain observation Whole frequency band data of the present invention are adopted
Storage includes clock synchronization module to realize clock precision synchronous, and the structured flowchart of clock synchronization module is as shown in Figure 2：Single-chip microcomputer
（17）With CPLD (3), GPS module（14）It is connected with DAC (18), VCXO（19）It is connected with CPLD (3) and DAC (18), GPS module
（14）PPS is provided（15）Give CPLD (3).GPS module（14）Time service type module is selected, its time service precision is typically superior to 100ns.When
The synchronous process of clock is as follows：
1.GPS modules（14）Connect antenna（16）Work, single-chip microcomputer（17）Read GPS module（14）Output information wait
Its PPS（15）Effectively；
2. in PPS（15）Control under, CPLD (3) is to VCXO（19）Output frequency measure, single-chip microcomputer（17）Read
Measurement result is taken, compared with the frequency values of a certain setting, input VCXO is adjusted by DAC (18) according to frequency-splitting（19）
Voltage control quantity, make VCXO（19）Output frequency be locked in the frequency of setting（± 1Hz precision）.The rate-adaptive pacemaker by
Exported after CPLD (3) frequency dividings to a/d converter, as its working frequency, ensure the work of each a/d converter in each data acquisition unit
Working frequency is equal；
3.VCXO（19）Output frequency locking after, PPS（15）Some rising edge time, pass through CPLD (3) produce
One lock-out pulse is exported to a/d converter, at the time of the working condition of each a/d converter is synchronized with accurate；
4. in order to prevent VCXO（19）The influence of output frequency drift, to the 8000Hz of ADS1281 (2) in CPLD (3)
Sampled data adds clock marks, i.e., the lowest order of its 32 data is arranged to the state of current second, for example, if the current second
The lowest orders of all data be " 1 ", then the lowest order of all data of next second is " 0 ", so constantly conversion.In DSP（9）
Program in the clock marks of data are judged, if the data of certain second are not just 8000, at most given up
The adjustment processing of completion at least, the influence for overcoming output frequency to drift about.Equally to ADS1274 (5) 10000Hz sampled datas
Plus clock marks, i.e., one clock marks word 0x7fff of generation is defeated before the 1st sampled data per second in CPLD (3)
Go out and give ARM9 IIS (7) interface, in order to allow 0x7fff to play mark effect, when ADS1274 (5) transformation result is
0x7fff when be then replaced into 0x7ffe, ensure in data to be not in other 0x7fff in addition to clock marks word.
Because 0x7fff corresponds to the full range value of bipolarity 16, this displacement will not typically bring anything to influence.ARM9 (6) to from
The data of IIS (7) interface carry out the judgement of clock marks, if the data of certain second are not just 10000, also carry out more
Then give up the adjustment processing of completion at least.Because 8000Hz and 10000Hz sample rates are higher in itself, so processing can be reliably
Ensure that clock synchronization accuracy reaches 0.1ms, meet that seismic wave observation requires.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. Borehole strain observation Whole frequency band data acquisition unit, provided with 4 inputs being made up of low-pass filter circuit and ADS1281 Data acquisition channel, low-pass filter circuit and ADS1281 are connected by signal wire, be additionally provided with by high-pass filtering and amplifying circuit and 4 input data acquisition channels of ADS1274 compositions, high-pass filtering and amplifying circuit are connected by signal wire with ADS1274, also set Have CPLD, clock synchronization module, DSP, ARM9 processor, network interface card and a SD card, described CPLD respectively with ADS1281, ADS1274, clock synchronization module, the IIS interfaces of DSP with ARM9 processors are connected by data wire, DSP and ARM9 processors lead to Cross data wire to be connected, ARM9 processors are connected with network interface card, SD card by data wire, and described ADS1281 is exported merely through SINC The data of the 8000Hz samplings of decimation filter of digital by described DSP program are respectively 20 by down-sampled rate, 10, 5th, 4 and 2 FIR decimation filter of digital is filtered to obtain second sampling observation data, is also distinguished by described DSP program It is filtered to obtain 100Hz sampling observation data by the FIR decimation filter of digital that down-sampled rate is 10,4 and 2, it is described The FIR decimation filter of digital that down-sampled rate is 20,10 and 5 is comb filter, and described down-sampled rate is 4 and 2 FIR numbers Word decimation filter is low pass filter, and obtains the FIR decimation filter of digital of the observation data of described second sampling and obtain Down-sampled rate identical filter parameter phase in the FIR decimation filter of digital filter of the observation data sampled to described 100Hz Together, described ADS1274 is used for the observation data of output 10000Hz samplings, the data and 10000Hz of described 8000Hz samplings The observation data of sampling add clock marks further to overcome the influence of clock drift.
- A kind of 2. Borehole strain observation Whole frequency band data acquisition unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that having two simultaneously Individual 4 input data acquisition channel, the a/d converter of a data acquisition channel is ADS1281, for the sampling of output second and 100Hz The observation data of sampling, the a/d converter of another data acquisition channel is ADS1274, for the observation of output 10000Hz samplings Data.
- 3. a kind of Borehole strain observation Whole frequency band data acquisition unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that ADS1274 10000Hz sampled datas are to realize transmission by the IIS interfaces of ARM9 processors via CPLD.
- A kind of 4. Borehole strain observation Whole frequency band data acquisition unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that to ADS1281's 8000Hz sampled datas and ADS1274 10000Hz sampled datas add clock marks, further overcome the shadow of clock drift Ring.
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| CN106918836B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-02-13 | 吉林大学 | Borehole strain data exception extraction method based on principal component analysis |
| CN111812746B (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2023-07-07 | 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院 | Borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on seismic surface wave |
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