CN105973597B - The test prediction method in train axle box bearing service life - Google Patents

The test prediction method in train axle box bearing service life Download PDF

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CN105973597B
CN105973597B CN201610365671.7A CN201610365671A CN105973597B CN 105973597 B CN105973597 B CN 105973597B CN 201610365671 A CN201610365671 A CN 201610365671A CN 105973597 B CN105973597 B CN 105973597B
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bearing
load
formula
unit
radial load
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CN105973597A (en
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李强
刘德昆
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Beijing Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16Z—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G16Z99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of test prediction method in train axle box bearing service life comprising following steps: (1) placement sensor on the spring and pivoted arm of the axle box of test vehicle, and the axle box is installed on the sections road vehicles；(2) route for carrying out one section of mileage to the vehicle is surveyed, and records its speed of service and acceleration information, while acquiring the load-time history of the load-time history of the vertical load of spring and the transverse load of pivoted arm；(3) the rated life time circle number for time history, the circle number that corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing turns over and the corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing for calculating the equivalent radial load of bearing；(4) it combines Palmgren-Miner linear damage to add up criterion, calculates the bimetry of bearing.The present invention uses this physical concept of equivalent radial load-time history, the damage of the bearing in all data collection intervals is carried out linear superposition, obtained bimetry is necessarily more in line with truth, and the accuracy rate of prediction is greatly improved.

Description

The test prediction method in train axle box bearing service life
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experiment prediction technique of bearing life, in particular to a kind of reality in train axial bearing service life Test prediction technique.
Background technique
Bearing is that the mechanical basic part of railroad train is also core component, its quality directly affects the usability of train Can, correctly predicted rolling bearing life is to ensure that the key that train operates normally.Accurate Prediction railway bearing fatigue life simultaneously Always railway scholar is concerned about and insoluble project if the life prediction to bearing is excessive will cause huge safety Hidden danger, once bearing premature failure, will lead to entire train and serious failure or accident occurs；If the life estimation of bearing It is small, cause to replace bearing too early, disassembly process can greatly increase maintenance cost, while cause high-quality resource serious waste.
Mainly or using traditional theoretical calculation method, calculation method is to be directed to for the life prediction of railway bearing at present It is extremely complex to be not fixed loaded environment for bearing load as high-speed rail bearing for life prediction under by permanent load operating condition Situation, it is general using complexity random load by being equivalent to dead load or with correction factor simply come mathematic(al) expectation, it is right in this way The actual life prediction of high-speed rail bearing is not very accurate.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to: the test for providing a kind of train axle box bearing service life is pre- Survey method improves predictablity rate.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of test prediction method in train axle box bearing service life, which comprises the steps of:
Step (1), the placement sensor on the spring and pivoted arm of the axle box of test vehicle, and the axle box is installed on the type On rolling stock；
Step (2), the route for carrying out one section of mileage to the vehicle are surveyed, and record its speed of service and acceleration information, together When acquisition spring vertical load load-time history and pivoted arm transverse load load-time history；
Step (3) calculates the time history of the equivalent radial load of bearing, the circle number that corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing turns over rPAnd the rated life time of corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing encloses number Rp；
Step (4) adds up criterion in conjunction with Palmgren-Miner linear damage, calculates the bimetry of bearing；
Wherein: L is the bimetry of bearing, unit km；
K is Miner damage criterion correction factor, is taken as 1；
D is impairment value of the bearing in actual measurement mileage, the circle that the equivalent radial load lower bearing as obtained in step (3) turns over Number rPNumber R is enclosed with the rated life time under corresponding equivalent radial loadpRatio obtained according to time history superposition calculation, rPWith RpList Position is million turns；
L is that route surveys mileage, unit km.
The present invention utilizes the force snesor of high-speed rail journal box spring and pivoted arm, on the basis of real vehicle line test, combined load With real-time revolving speed, calculated by introducing latest national standards ISO 281:2007 for the basic rating life of high-speed rail axle box bearing Method and the accumulative theory of Palmgren-Miner linear damage, propose the calculation method in high-speed rail axle box bearing service life, and calculate The bimetry of the type high-speed EMUs power truck axle box bearing under Different Reliability is obtained, there is good Practical Value.
Specific embodiment
The loaded situation of train axle box bearing is complex, receives from many-sided influence such as journal box spring, wheel shaft, pivoted arm, But two major classes are basically divided into, i.e. radial load and axial load.Radial load can be divided into used load on spring, axle load, Pivoted arm effect load, centrifugal effect load and traction braking load, axial load are mainly that wheel shaft used load and pivoted arm carry Lotus.In fact, axial spring load and pivoted arm load its decisive role in these load, if it is possible to accurately The spring load and pivoted arm load of axle box position are obtained, then can relatively accurately determine that acting on the radial of bearing carries Lotus and axial load.
Specific in the present invention, the test prediction method in train axle box bearing service life includes the following steps:
Step (1), (this is conventional technical means to placement sensor, herein on the spring and pivoted arm of test vehicle axle box It is not described in detail), and the axle box is installed on the sections road vehicles.
In the step, available following data:
M: train axis weight half, unit kg；
Lz: arm length, unit mm；
Hr: loading ability of bearing sector width, unit mm；
Step (2), the route for carrying out one section of mileage to the vehicle are surveyed, and record its speed of service information, while acquiring bullet The load-time history of the transverse load of the load-time history and pivoted arm of the vertical load of spring.
In this step, available following data:
Fa: bearing axial load, the as transverse load of pivoted arm, unit N；
V: train running speed, unit kg/h；
A: train operation acceleration, unit m/s2；
Fs: journal box spring load, unit N；
Step (3) calculates the time history of the equivalent radial load of bearing, the circle number that corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing turns over And the rated life time of corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing encloses number.
Step (3.1): the time history of bearing radial load is first acquired:
F in formula (1)rIt is bearing radial load, unit N；FtFor train traction brake load, unit N can be by train Axis weight half m is multiplied with train operation acceleration a to be acquired；FzFor pivoted arm effect load, unit N can be by arm length LzDivided by Loading ability of bearing sector width HrMultiplied by bearing axial load FaIt acquires.
(3.2) time history of equivalent radial load is acquired again:
P=XFr+Y|Fa| (2)
P is equivalent radial load in formula (2), unit N, and the value of X, Y see following table:
Wherein e=1.5tan α, α are the nominal contact angle of bearing；
If FaWith FrQuotient be less than or equal to e, then X is taken as 1, Y and is taken as 0.45cot α；If FaWith FrQuotient be greater than e, then X It is taken as 0.67, Y and is taken as 0.67cot α.
Step (3.3): acquire what corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing turned in the time interval of a data sampled point Enclose number:
In formula (3), rPFor the circle number turned over during the test of corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing, unit is million turns；Δt For the time interval of data sampling point, unit s；
Step (3.4): the rated life time circle number of corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing is acquired:
In formula (4), RpNumber is enclosed for the rated life time of above-mentioned equivalent radial load lower bearing, unit is million turns；a1For reliability Life factor；aISOFor life adjustment factor, chosen based on the systems approach that the service life calculates；C is that basic dynamic load rating (can It is calculated by bearing parameter size itself according to the formula inside standard, is the routine techniques parameter of bearing, it can be according to axis The sizecalculation held obtains), unit N；
In formula (4), reliability life factor a1Selection see following table:
In formula (4), life adjustment factor aISOIt is different according to the difference of viscosity ratio κ:
(note: the validity of lubricant depends primarily on the separation degree of rolling contact surfaces.This discrete state is available glutinous Degree is indicated than κ.Viscosity ratio can be used according to the actual conditions of EMU axle box bearing to be calculated, i.e. bearing working surface Lubricating status can with viscosity ratio (actual motion viscosity ν and refer to dynamic viscosity ν1The ratio between) indicate:
Actual motion viscosity ν refers to the dynamic viscosity of lubricant at the working temperature, according to the operating temperature of bearing and selected Lubricant determines, and refers to dynamic viscosity ν1Depending on bearing revolving speed and pitch diameter Dpw, can be calculated by well known formula.
Therefore, the selection and calculating of the viscosity ratio κ in the present invention belongs to conventional technical means, not reinflated discussion herein.)
As 0.1≤κ < 0.4,
As 0.4≤κ < 1,
As 1≤κ≤4,
Formula (5), (6), in (7), eCFor contamination factor, following table is seen in selection:
In above table, DPWFor set of rollers pitch diameter (unit mm).
Formula (5), (6), in (7), CuFor the fatigue load limit, its calculation formula is:
In formula (8), C0For bearing rated static load (unit N), its calculation formula is:
In formula (4), the calculation formula of basic dynamic load rating C (unit N) are as follows:
C=1.1fc(jLwe cosα)7/9Z3/4Dwe 29/27 (10)
In formula (10), fcFor coefficient related with bearing parts geometries, the accuracy of manufacture and material, j is rolling element row Number；LweFor roller effective length；Z is the rolling element number of single-row bearing；DweFor roller diameter, LweWith DweUnit be mm.
Moreover, in formula (10), fcValue or calculating see following table:
Step (4) adds up criterion in conjunction with Palmgren-Miner linear damage, so that it may calculate the bimetry of bearing:
In formula (11), L is the bimetry of bearing, unit km；K is Miner damage criterion correction factor (ordinary circumstance Under take 1, when indicating that damage is added to 1, structure is destroyed；The positive value smaller than 1 can also be taken according to the actual situation)；D is bearing in reality The impairment value in mileage is surveyed, it can the circle number that turns over of the equivalent radial load lower bearing as obtained in step (3) and corresponding equivalent dynamic load The ratio of rated life time circle number under lotus is obtained according to time history superposition calculation；L is that route surveys mileage, unit km.
Since the present invention combines general bearing life prediction technique with Palmgren-Miner linear damage theory, No longer by single, constant equivalent load predicts bearing life at any time, then use equivalent radial load-time history this Damage of the bearing in all data collection intervals is carried out linear superposition by one physical concept, and obtained bimetry is inevitable It is more in line with truth, the accuracy rate of prediction is greatly improved.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of test prediction method in train axle box bearing service life, which comprises the steps of:
Step (1), the placement sensor on the spring and pivoted arm of the axle box of test vehicle, and the axle box is installed on the test carriage On；
Step (2), the route for carrying out one section of mileage to the vehicle survey, record its speed of service and acceleration information, adopt simultaneously Collect the load-time history of the load-time history of the vertical load of spring and the transverse load of pivoted arm；
Step (3) calculates the time history of the equivalent radial load of bearing, the circle number r that corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing turns overPWith And the rated life time of corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing encloses number Rp；
Step (3.1) --- first acquire the time history of bearing radial load:
F in formula (1)rIt is bearing radial load, unit N；
FtFor train traction brake load, unit N is multiplied with train operation acceleration a by train axis weight half m and is acquired, m's Unit is kg, and the unit of a is m/s2；
FzFor pivoted arm effect load, by arm length LzDivided by loading ability of bearing sector width HrMultiplied by bearing axial load FaIt acquires, LzWith HrUnit be mm；
Bearing axial load Fa, it is equal to the transverse load for the pivoted arm that measurement obtains in step (2)；
FsFor journal box spring load, unit N；
Step (4) adds up criterion in conjunction with Palmgren-Miner linear damage, calculates the bimetry of bearing；
Wherein: L is the bimetry of bearing, unit km；
K is Miner damage criterion correction factor, is taken as 1；
D is impairment value of the bearing in actual measurement mileage, the circle number r that the equivalent radial load lower bearing as obtained in step (3) turns overP Number R is enclosed with the rated life time under corresponding equivalent radial loadpRatio obtained according to time history superposition calculation, rPWith RpUnit it is equal It is million turns；
L is that route surveys mileage, unit km.
2. the test prediction method in train axle box bearing service life according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (3) is also Including step (3.2) --- the time history of equivalent radial load is acquired again:
P=XFr+Y|Fa| (2)
P is equivalent radial load in formula (2), unit N, and the value of X, Y see following table:
Wherein e=1.5tan α, α are the nominal contact angle of bearing；
If FaWith FrQuotient be less than or equal to e, then X is taken as 1, Y and is taken as 0.45cot α；If FaWith FrQuotient be greater than e, then X is taken as 0.67, Y is taken as 0.67cot α.
3. the test prediction method in train axle box bearing service life according to claim 2, which is characterized in that step (3) is also Including step (3.3) --- acquire the circle that corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing turns in the time interval of a data sampled point Number:
In formula (3), rPFor the circle number turned over during the test of corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing；
Δ t is the time interval of data sampling point, unit s；V is that train running speed unit is kg/h.
4. the test prediction method in train axle box bearing service life according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step (3) is also Including step (3.4) --- acquire the rated life time circle number of corresponding equivalent radial load lower bearing:
In formula (4), RpNumber is enclosed for the rated life time of above-mentioned equivalent radial load lower bearing；
a1For reliability life factor；
aISOFor life adjustment factor, chosen based on the systems approach that the service life calculates；
C is basic dynamic load rating, is calculated by bearing parameter size itself according to the formula inside standard, unit N.
5. the test prediction method in train axle box bearing service life according to claim 4, which is characterized in that, can in formula (4) By spending life factor a1Selection according to following table:
6. the test prediction method in train axle box bearing service life according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in formula (4), the longevity Order correction factor aISOIt is different according to the difference of viscosity ratio κ:
As 0.1≤κ < 0.4,
As 0.4≤κ < 1,
As 1≤κ≤4,
Formula (5), (6), in (7), eCFor contamination factor, following table is seen in selection:
In above table, DPWFor set of rollers pitch diameter；
Formula (5), (6), in (7), CuFor the fatigue load limit, its calculation formula is:
In formula (8), C0For bearing rated static load, its calculation formula is:
In formula (4), the calculation formula of basic dynamic load rating C are as follows:
C=1.1fc(jLwecosα)7/9Z3/4Dwe 29/27 (10)
In formula (10), fcFor coefficient related with bearing parts geometries, the accuracy of manufacture and material, j is rolling element columns；Lwe For roller effective length；Z is the rolling element number of single-row bearing；DweFor roller diameter；
Moreover, in formula (10), fcValue or calculating see following table:
IfFor the median of numerical value in table, fcValue can be acquired by linear interpolation.
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