CN105969961A - Device and method for strengthening large stress deformation of metal surface - Google Patents
Device and method for strengthening large stress deformation of metal surface Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims 1
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种金属表面大应力形变强化的装置及方法，方法包括以下步骤：步骤一，对金属试样的表面进行预处理；步骤二，采用冲击装置对金属试样的表面进行连续冲击形变处理；步骤三，将金属试样放入真空退火炉中进行回复处理。本发明方法中冲击处理时可通过调节冲击力大小和频率应用于不同金属的表面形变强化，产生不同厚度强化层，提高了形变强化效果和工作效率，简化了工艺流程，减少投入成本。
The invention discloses a device and method for strengthening the metal surface by large stress deformation. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, pretreating the surface of the metal sample; step 2, using an impact device to continuously impact the surface of the metal sample Deformation treatment; Step 3, putting the metal sample into a vacuum annealing furnace for recovery treatment. In the method of the present invention, the impact treatment can be applied to the surface deformation strengthening of different metals by adjusting the size and frequency of the impact force to produce strengthening layers with different thicknesses, which improves the deformation strengthening effect and work efficiency, simplifies the process flow, and reduces the input cost.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种金属表面大应力形变强化的装置，还涉及一种金属表面大应力形变强化的方法，属于金属材料表面形变强化技术领域。 The invention relates to a device for strengthening the metal surface by large stress deformation, and also relates to a method for strengthening the metal surface by large stress deformation, which belongs to the technical field of metal material surface deformation strengthening.
背景技术 Background technique
表面剧烈形变方法是针对材料表面失效现象运用较为广泛的材料表面强化技术，通过施加机械应力在金属表面产生剧烈塑性变形，使表面层力学性能提高，达到表面强化效果。目前较为成熟、应用较多的表面形变强化方法有机械喷丸、滚压、内挤压等，但是在应用中仍然存在许多不足，例如机械喷丸形变强化方法易产生喷丸死角，造成强度不足，不能满足服役条件要求，还带来许多环境污染问题。滚压及内挤压强化方法工艺性较为复杂，不方便应用于小件、小批量件的加工等，废弃料较多，造成经济上的浪费等。此外，这些方法制得的强化层深度较浅（一般低于100μm）、强化程度偏低，同时残余压应力值较小，材料的疲劳强度提高幅度较小。 The surface severe deformation method is a widely used material surface strengthening technology for material surface failure phenomena. By applying mechanical stress to produce severe plastic deformation on the metal surface, the mechanical properties of the surface layer are improved to achieve the surface strengthening effect. At present, the surface deformation strengthening methods that are relatively mature and widely used include mechanical shot peening, rolling, and internal extrusion, but there are still many deficiencies in the application. , can not meet the requirements of service conditions, but also bring many environmental pollution problems. Rolling and internal extrusion strengthening methods are relatively complicated in technology, and are not convenient to apply to the processing of small parts and small batches, etc., and there are more waste materials, resulting in economic waste. In addition, the strengthening layer obtained by these methods has a shallow depth (generally less than 100 μm), a low degree of strengthening, and a small residual compressive stress value, which leads to a small increase in the fatigue strength of the material.
综上所述，当前急需一种对金属进行表面形变强化处理的方法，能够进一步提高强化层，且提高工作效率，减少投入成本。 To sum up, there is an urgent need for a method for surface deformation strengthening treatment of metals, which can further increase the strengthening layer, improve work efficiency, and reduce input costs.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足，提供了一种金属表面大应力形变强化的装置及方法，解决了现有技术中金属表面形变强化效果低、工艺复杂、效率低、投入成本大的技术问题。 The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a device and method for strengthening the metal surface with large stress deformation, which solves the problem of low metal surface deformation strengthening effect, complicated process, low efficiency, and high investment cost in the prior art. technical issues.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种金属表面大应力形变强化的装置，其特征是，包括试样夹持装置、冲击杆和数据采集控制器，所述试样夹持装置上设有容纳试样的凹槽，凹槽内水平表面上贴有压力传感器，所述冲击杆垂直设于凹槽的上方，冲击杆的下端设有速度传感器，冲击杆的上端通过固定装置连接驱动冲击杆上下直线运动的马达，所述压力传感器和速度传感器的输出端连接数据采集控制器，数据采集控制器的输出端通过电机调压器连接马达。 In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a device for strengthening metal surface with large stress deformation, which is characterized in that it includes a sample clamping device, an impact rod and a data acquisition controller, and the sample clamping device is equipped with A groove for accommodating the sample. A pressure sensor is pasted on the horizontal surface inside the groove. The impact rod is vertically set above the groove. The lower end of the impact rod is provided with a speed sensor. The upper end of the impact rod is connected to drive the impact rod through a fixing device. A motor that moves up and down linearly, the output ends of the pressure sensor and the speed sensor are connected to a data acquisition controller, and the output end of the data acquisition controller is connected to the motor through a motor voltage regulator.
进一步的，所述试样夹持装置上与凹槽相对的两端为活动连接，调节两端距离可以改变凹槽的空间，以适应不同规格的试样。 Further, the two ends of the sample holding device opposite to the groove are movably connected, and the space of the groove can be changed by adjusting the distance between the two ends to adapt to samples of different specifications.
进一步的，所述速度传感器紧贴于冲击杆的下端侧壁上。 Further, the speed sensor is closely attached to the side wall of the lower end of the impact rod.
进一步的，还包括用于与用户实现交互的交互单元，交互单元连接数据采集控制器。交互单元可采用现有技术中触摸屏，可以显示和设置装置的冲击参数，冲击参数包括冲击的大小和速度。 Further, it also includes an interaction unit for realizing interaction with the user, and the interaction unit is connected to the data acquisition controller. The interactive unit can adopt the touch screen in the prior art, which can display and set the shock parameters of the device, and the shock parameters include the size and speed of the shock.
进一步的，所述数据采集控制器采用单片机。 Further, the data acquisition controller adopts a single-chip microcomputer.
相应的，本发明还提供了一种金属表面大应力形变强化的方法，其特征是，包括以下步骤： Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a method for strengthening metal surface with large stress deformation, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
步骤一，对金属试样的表面进行预处理； Step 1, the surface of the metal sample is pretreated;
步骤二，采用冲击装置对金属试样的表面进行连续冲击形变处理； Step 2, using an impact device to carry out continuous impact deformation treatment on the surface of the metal sample;
步骤三，将金属试样放入真空退火炉中进行回复处理。 Step 3, put the metal sample into a vacuum annealing furnace for recovery treatment.
进一步的，所述金属试样包括碳钢、合金钢或有色金属。 Further, the metal sample includes carbon steel, alloy steel or non-ferrous metal.
进一步的，所述预处理包括依次进行砂纸粗磨、细磨、抛光、稀硝酸浸蚀、酒精清洗和晾干处理。 Further, the pretreatment includes rough sandpaper grinding, fine grinding, polishing, dilute nitric acid etching, alcohol cleaning and drying in sequence.
进一步的，冲击装置采用上述的冲击装置，冲击处理的冲击频率为800~1600Hz，冲击能为2~5J（焦耳），冲击时间为10~30min。 Further, the above-mentioned impact device is used for the impact device, the impact frequency of the impact treatment is 800-1600 Hz, the impact energy is 2-5 J (joule), and the impact time is 10-30 min.
进一步的，回复处理的温度为300~600℃，时间为1~3小时。 Further, the temperature of recovery treatment is 300-600° C., and the time is 1-3 hours.
与现有技术相比，本发明所达到的有益效果是： Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:
1）本发明方法中冲击处理时可通过控制冲击力大小和频率应用于不同金属的表面形变强化，产生不同厚度的强化层，提高了形变强化效果和工作效率，简化了工作流程； 1) During the impact treatment in the method of the present invention, it can be applied to the surface deformation strengthening of different metals by controlling the size and frequency of the impact force to produce strengthening layers with different thicknesses, which improves the deformation strengthening effect and work efficiency, and simplifies the work process;
2）本发明方法工艺简单，提高工作效率，减少投入成本； 2) The method of the present invention has simple process, improves work efficiency, and reduces input costs;
3）本发明装置成本低，功耗低，普适性强。 3) The device of the present invention has low cost, low power consumption and strong universal applicability.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明方法的流程图； Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the inventive method;
图2是本发明装置的结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the device of the present invention.
附图标记：1、速度传感器；2、数据采集控制器；3、马达；4、固定装置；5、冲击杆；6、压力传感器；7、试样夹持装置。 Reference signs: 1. Speed sensor; 2. Data acquisition controller; 3. Motor; 4. Fixing device; 5. Impact rod; 6. Pressure sensor; 7. Sample clamping device.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, but not to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明的一种金属表面大应力形变强化的方法，其特征是，包括以下步骤： As shown in Figure 1, a kind of method for metal surface large stress deformation strengthening of the present invention is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
步骤一，对金属试样的表面进行预处理； Step 1, the surface of the metal sample is pretreated;
金属试样包括碳钢、合金钢或有色金属；依次进行砂纸粗磨、细磨、抛光、稀硝酸浸蚀、酒精清洗和晾干预处理； Metal samples include carbon steel, alloy steel or non-ferrous metals; rough sandpaper grinding, fine grinding, polishing, dilute nitric acid etching, alcohol cleaning and air pretreatment in sequence;
步骤二，采用冲击装置对金属试样的表面进行连续冲击形变处理； Step 2, using an impact device to carry out continuous impact deformation treatment on the surface of the metal sample;
利用冲击装置，对材料表面进行连续冲击剧烈塑性变形处理，不同金属材料的试样所需冲击处理的参数不同，不同的形变强化厚度所需冲击处理的参数也不同，冲击处理时冲击频率为800~1600Hz，冲击能为2~5J（焦耳），冲击时间为10~30min，所述的冲击装置，如图2所示，包括试样夹持装置7、冲击杆5和数据采集控制器2，所述试样夹持装置7上设有容纳试样的凹槽，凹槽内水平表面上贴有压力传感器6，所述冲击杆5垂直设于凹槽的上方，冲击杆5的下端设有速度传感器1，速度传感器1紧贴于冲击杆5的下端侧壁上，冲击杆5的上端通过固定装置4连接驱动冲击杆5上下直线运动的马达3，所述压力传感器6和速度传感器1的输出端连接数据采集控制器2，数据采集控制器2的输出端通过电机调压器连接马达3。所述试样夹持装置7上与凹槽相对的两端为活动连接，调节两端距离可以改变凹槽的空间，以适应不同规格的试样；固定装置4上设有固定冲击杆的卡槽，固定装置随冲击杆一起上下运动，压力传感器6设置在凹槽内水平表面上，冲击时金属试样叠放在压力传感器上，由于金属试样厚度一般为毫米级，较薄，压力传感器能够准确检测金属试样受到的平均压力，检测结果更精确。进一步的，还包括用于与用户实现交互的交互单元，交互单元连接数据采集控制器。交互单元可采用现有技术中触摸屏，可以显示和设置装置的冲击参数，冲击参数包括冲击的大小、速度和时间。所述数据采集控制器采用单片机。 The impact device is used to carry out continuous impact severe plastic deformation treatment on the surface of the material. The parameters of impact treatment required for samples of different metal materials are different, and the parameters of impact treatment required for different deformation strengthening thickness are also different. The impact frequency during impact treatment is 800 ~1600Hz, the impact energy is 2~5J (Joules), and the impact time is 10~30min. The impact device, as shown in Figure 2, includes a sample clamping device 7, an impact rod 5 and a data acquisition controller 2, The sample holding device 7 is provided with a groove for accommodating the sample, and a pressure sensor 6 is pasted on the horizontal surface in the groove. The impact rod 5 is vertically arranged above the groove, and the lower end of the impact rod 5 is provided The speed sensor 1, the speed sensor 1 is close to the lower end side wall of the impact rod 5, the upper end of the impact rod 5 is connected to the motor 3 that drives the impact rod 5 to move linearly up and down through the fixing device 4, the pressure sensor 6 and the speed sensor 1 The output end is connected to the data acquisition controller 2, and the output end of the data acquisition controller 2 is connected to the motor 3 through the motor voltage regulator. The two ends opposite to the groove on the sample holding device 7 are movable connections, and the space of the groove can be changed by adjusting the distance between the two ends to adapt to samples of different specifications; the fixing device 4 is provided with a clamp for fixing the impact bar. Groove, the fixing device moves up and down together with the impact rod, the pressure sensor 6 is arranged on the horizontal surface in the groove, and the metal sample is stacked on the pressure sensor during impact. Since the thickness of the metal sample is generally millimeter-level, relatively thin, the pressure sensor It can accurately detect the average pressure on the metal sample, and the detection result is more accurate. Further, it also includes an interaction unit for realizing interaction with the user, and the interaction unit is connected to the data acquisition controller. The interactive unit can adopt the touch screen in the prior art, which can display and set the shock parameters of the device, and the shock parameters include the size, speed and time of the shock. The data acquisition controller adopts a single-chip microcomputer.
对金属试样进行表面形变强化处理的过程为，将试样放置紧固在试样夹持装置7的凹槽内，开启数据采集控制器2，通过交互单元设置冲击处理的冲击能、冲击频率和冲击时间等冲击参数，启动马达3驱动冲击杆5上下运动，对试样进行冲击处理，压力传感器6和速度传感器1采集冲击的压力和上下运动的速度发送给数据采集控制器2，形成反馈，数据采集控制器2根据采集的压力和速度数据，与预设的冲击参数进行对比输出相应控制信号调节电机调压器，以控制马达3的运动，进而调节冲击杆5对试样的冲击力和冲击频率，试样在剧烈压力作用下，金属表面发生剧烈塑性变形，冲击力越大，表面形变强化层厚度越高。本发明装置结构简单，操作简捷，适用性广，可通过控制冲击力大小应用于不同金属的表面形变强化，提高了工作效率，简化了工作流程，且在对试样作用效果相同的条件下，本装置耗能较小，一次投入性成本小。 The process of performing surface deformation strengthening treatment on the metal sample is to place and fasten the sample in the groove of the sample holding device 7, open the data acquisition controller 2, and set the impact energy and impact frequency of the impact treatment through the interactive unit and impact time and other impact parameters, the starter motor 3 drives the impact rod 5 to move up and down, and performs impact treatment on the sample. The pressure sensor 6 and the speed sensor 1 collect the impact pressure and the speed of the up and down movement and send them to the data acquisition controller 2 to form feedback. , the data acquisition controller 2 compares the collected pressure and speed data with the preset impact parameters and outputs a corresponding control signal to adjust the motor voltage regulator to control the movement of the motor 3, and then adjust the impact force of the impact rod 5 on the sample and impact frequency, the metal surface of the sample undergoes severe plastic deformation under severe pressure, and the greater the impact force, the higher the thickness of the surface deformation strengthening layer. The device of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, simple operation and wide applicability. It can be applied to the surface deformation strengthening of different metals by controlling the size of the impact force, which improves the work efficiency and simplifies the work process, and under the condition of the same effect on the sample, The device consumes less energy, and the one-time investment cost is small.
步骤三，将金属试样放入真空退火炉中进行回复处理。 Step 3, put the metal sample into a vacuum annealing furnace for recovery treatment.
进一步的，回复处理的温度为300~600℃，时间为1~3小时。回复处理使形变后金属表层应力释放、且位错相互运动形成位错胞亚结构。 Further, the temperature of recovery treatment is 300-600° C., and the time is 1-3 hours. The recovery treatment releases the stress on the metal surface after deformation, and dislocations move with each other to form a dislocation cell substructure.
本发明方法工艺简单，提高工作效率，减少投入成本。 The method of the invention has simple process, improves work efficiency and reduces input cost.
实施例一 Embodiment one
以30mm×40mm 的Q235钢作为试样，实验时将试样放置在试样夹持装置7中固定，开启数据采集控制器2，设定冲击频率为1600Hz，冲击能为2J，启动马达，驱动冲击杆对试样表面进行冲击，冲击时间为30min，之后将试样进行300℃下3h回复处理。经测定，经处理后Q235钢的表面硬度提高了约40%，抗拉强度提高了约25%，屈服强度提高了约30%，形变强化层厚度约300µm以上。 Take 30mm×40mm Q235 steel as the sample, place the sample in the sample holding device 7 and fix it during the experiment, turn on the data acquisition controller 2, set the impact frequency to 1600Hz, and the impact energy to 2J, start the motor, drive The impact rod impacts the surface of the sample for 30 minutes, and then the sample is subjected to recovery treatment at 300°C for 3 hours. It was determined that after treatment, the surface hardness of Q235 steel increased by about 40%, the tensile strength increased by about 25%, the yield strength increased by about 30%, and the thickness of the deformation strengthening layer was about 300µm or more.
实施例2 Example 2
以30mm×40mm的20钢为试样。实验时将试样放置在试样夹持装置7中固定，开启数据采集控制器2，设定冲击频率为800Hz，冲击能为5J，启动马达，驱动冲击杆对试样表面进行冲击，冲击时间为10min，之后将试样进行600℃下1h回复处理。经测定，经处理后20钢的表面硬度提高了约42%，抗拉强度提高了约30%，屈服强度提高了约35%，形变强化层厚度约400µm以上。 Take 20 steel of 30mm×40mm as the sample. During the experiment, place the sample in the sample holding device 7 and fix it, turn on the data acquisition controller 2, set the impact frequency to 800 Hz, and the impact energy to 5 J, start the motor, drive the impact rod to impact the surface of the sample, and the impact time After 10 minutes, the sample was subjected to recovery treatment at 600°C for 1 hour. It was determined that after treatment, the surface hardness of 20 steel increased by about 42%, the tensile strength increased by about 30%, the yield strength increased by about 35%, and the thickness of the deformation strengthening layer was about 400µm or more.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。 The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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