CN105966488A - Six-wheel-leg movable operation robot test platform - Google Patents

Six-wheel-leg movable operation robot test platform Download PDF

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CN105966488A
CN105966488A CN201610389714.5A CN201610389714A CN105966488A CN 105966488 A CN105966488 A CN 105966488A CN 201610389714 A CN201610389714 A CN 201610389714A CN 105966488 A CN105966488 A CN 105966488A
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robot
steering wheel
lower limb
leg
leg section
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丁希仑
郑羿
齐静
尹业成
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Beihang University
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Beihang University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D57/00Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track
    • B62D57/02Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members
    • B62D57/032Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members with alternately or sequentially lifted supporting base and legs; with alternately or sequentially lifted feet or skid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J13/00Controls for manipulators
    • B25J13/006Controls for manipulators by means of a wireless system for controlling one or several manipulators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台,包括机器人本体以及6条机器人单腿结构,6条机器人单腿结构周向均匀安装于机器人本体上;单腿结构能设计为两种结构:一种为具有步行与轮行功能的轮腿结构;另一种为具有步行及操作功能的腿臂操作结构。上述两种单腿结构,可根据不同任务需求来具体选择。同时机器人本体内部由隔板分割为传感层、驱动层、控制层及动力层,用于安装控制系统;实现对机器人的运动控制。本发明的优点在于:兼具步行轮行功能,对路面环境的适应性较好,并且具有特殊的操作腿,可配置不同的末端执行器完成不同任务需求。

The invention discloses an experimental platform for a mobile operation robot with six-wheel legs, which includes a robot body and six robot single-leg structures, and the six robot single-leg structures are uniformly installed on the robot body in the circumferential direction; the single-leg structure can be designed into two structures: one One is a wheel-leg structure with walking and wheeling functions; the other is a leg-arm operation structure with walking and operation functions. The above two single-leg structures can be selected according to different task requirements. At the same time, the interior of the robot body is divided into a sensing layer, a driving layer, a control layer and a power layer by partitions, which are used to install the control system and realize the motion control of the robot. The invention has the advantages of having the walking wheel function, good adaptability to the road environment, and having special operating legs, which can be configured with different end effectors to fulfill different task requirements.

Description

一种六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台An experimental platform for a mobile robot with six-wheeled legs

技术领域 technical field

本发明专利设计一种六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台,属于机器人学、电子技术及传感技术等领域 The invention patent designs a six-wheel leg mobile operation robot experimental platform, which belongs to the fields of robotics, electronic technology and sensor technology.

背景技术 Background technique

足式机器人是现代机器人学领域一个重要分支,其按腿的数目机器人可分为双足机器人、四足机器人及六足机器人。六足机器人因为其运动的高稳定性及高冗余度而备受各国学者关注,被广泛应用于野外探测、抢先救援等任务,但是其运动速度受到当前技术的限制,工作效率较为低下,而传统的轮式机器人运动速度、工作效率较高,但对工作环境的要求较为苛刻。所以轮腿结合式机器人,将两种机器人的优点结合在一起,其具有很高的研究价值。未来的机器人仅仅具有移动功能是不够的,其应还具有一定的对目标物体进行操作的功能,肢体可以实现腿臂融合操作功能将是足式机器人单腿结构设计的趋势,近年来对于足式机器人单腿实现操作功能的结构设计成果日益增多,典型的代表有日本东京工业大学研制的Titan-IX机器人、日本大阪大学工程科技研究院研制的Asterisk等,但这些机器人的腿结构都有结构复杂,控制困难等缺点。一般在机器人物理机械结构完成后,控制系统的构架方式对机器人能否按照预期的目标运作有很大影响。在机器人平台搭建完成的基础上,如何方便地对机器人进行远程操作也是一个研究热点。 Legged robots are an important branch in the field of modern robotics. According to the number of legs, robots can be divided into biped robots, quadruped robots and hexapod robots. Hexapod robots have attracted the attention of scholars from all over the world because of their high stability and high redundancy. They are widely used in field detection, pre-emptive rescue and other tasks. Traditional wheeled robots have higher movement speed and higher work efficiency, but have stricter requirements on the working environment. Therefore, the wheel-leg combined robot combines the advantages of the two kinds of robots, which has high research value. It is not enough for the future robot to only have the function of moving. It should also have the function of manipulating the target object. It will be the trend of the single-leg structure design of the legged robot that the limbs can realize the fusion operation function of the leg and arm. In recent years, for the legged robot There are more and more achievements in the structural design of robots with single legs to achieve operational functions. Typical representatives include the Titan-IX robot developed by Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan and the Asterisk developed by the Institute of Engineering Science and Technology of Osaka University in Japan. However, the legs of these robots have complex structures. , control difficulties and other shortcomings. Generally, after the physical mechanical structure of the robot is completed, the structure of the control system has a great influence on whether the robot can operate according to the expected goal. After the robot platform is built, how to conveniently operate the robot remotely is also a research hotspot.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

针对上述问题,本发明提出一种六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台,对六轮腿机器人进行新的构建;其物理机械结构主要包括五条移动轮腿组件、一条腿臂操作组件及本体组件;在物理机械结构的基础上搭建六轮腿机器人的控制系统、传感系统,并配置动力原件。 In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a six-wheel-legged mobile operation robot experimental platform, which is a new construction of the six-wheel-legged robot; its physical mechanical structure mainly includes five mobile wheel-leg assemblies, a leg-arm operation assembly and a body assembly; On the basis of the structure, the control system and sensor system of the six-wheel legged robot are built, and the power components are configured.

本发明一种六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台,包括机器人本体以及6条机器人单腿结构,6条机器人单腿结构周向均匀安装于机器人本体上。单腿结构能设计为两种结构: The invention provides an experimental platform for a six-wheel leg mobile operation robot, which comprises a robot body and six robot single-leg structures, and the six robot single-leg structures are uniformly installed on the robot body in the circumferential direction. The single-leg structure can be designed into two structures:

结构一:具有步行与轮行功能的轮腿结构,包括三根腿节,以及4个驱动舵 机。令三根腿节分别为第一腿节、第二腿节、第三腿节,4个驱动舵机分别为第一舵机、第二舵机、第三舵机、第四舵机。其中,第一腿节一端固定安装在第一舵机的输出轴上,形成髋关节;第一舵机输出轴轴线与水平面垂直,由第一舵机驱动第一腿节横向摆动。第二舵机固定安装于第一腿节另一端,第二舵机输出轴与第二腿节一端固定,形成膝关节;第二舵机输出轴轴线与第一舵机输出轴轴线垂直,由第二舵机驱动第二腿节纵向摆动。第二腿节另一端与第三舵机输出轴固定,形成踝关节;第三舵机输出轴轴线与第二舵机输出轴轴线平行,由第三舵机驱动第三腿节纵向摆动。第四舵机位于第三腿节中部,第四舵机的输出轴轴线与第三舵机输出轴轴线平行,第四舵机输出轴上通过花键同轴固定安装有轮子,通过第四舵机驱动轮子转动;第三腿节另一端安装有足地检测机构,用于单腿结构与地面间的接触,同时可实现足地接触状态的检测。 Structure 1: The wheel-leg structure with the functions of walking and wheeling, including three leg sections and four driving steering gears. Let the three leg sections be respectively the first leg section, the second leg section, and the third leg section, and the four driving steering gears be respectively the first steering gear, the second steering gear, the third steering gear, and the fourth steering gear. Wherein, one end of the first leg section is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the first steering gear to form a hip joint; the axis of the output shaft of the first steering gear is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the first steering gear drives the first leg section to swing laterally. The second steering gear is fixedly installed on the other end of the first leg joint, and the output shaft of the second steering gear is fixed to one end of the second leg joint to form a knee joint; the axis of the output shaft of the second steering gear is perpendicular to the axis of the output shaft of the first steering gear, by The second steering gear drives the second leg section to swing longitudinally. The other end of the second leg section is fixed to the output shaft of the third steering gear to form an ankle joint; the axis of the output shaft of the third steering gear is parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the second steering gear, and the third leg joint is driven by the third steering gear to swing longitudinally. The fourth steering gear is located in the middle of the third leg section. The axis of the output shaft of the fourth steering gear is parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the third steering gear. The output shaft of the fourth steering gear is coaxially fixed with wheels through splines. The machine drives the wheels to rotate; the other end of the third leg section is equipped with a foot-ground detection mechanism, which is used for the contact between the single-leg structure and the ground, and at the same time can realize the detection of the foot-ground contact state.

结构二:具有步行及操作功能的腿臂操作结构,在结构一的基础上去掉第四舵机与轮子;同时去掉第三腿节与足地检测机构,并分别由执行器连接件与末端执行器替换,则末端执行器通过执行器连接件与第三舵机固连,具体连接方式为:执行器连接件采用可替换接口的执行器连接件,使执行器连接件可连接末端执行器。 Structure 2: The leg-arm operation structure with walking and operation functions. On the basis of structure 1, the fourth steering gear and wheels are removed; at the same time, the third leg joint and foot ground detection mechanism are removed, and are respectively executed by the actuator connector and the end. If the actuator is replaced, the end effector is fixedly connected to the third steering gear through the actuator connector. The specific connection method is: the actuator connector adopts an actuator connector with a replaceable interface, so that the actuator connector can be connected to the end effector.

机器人本体内部由隔板分割为四层,由上至下依次为传感层、驱动层、控制层及动力层,用于安装控制系统。其中,传感层上安装有Xtion PRO LIVE摄像头与IMU;Xtion PRO LIVE摄像头用来采集环境信息,实现同时定位及地图创建,以及获取人的信息,用于人机交互。IMU用于获得机器人的自身姿态,辅助定位和创建环境地图。驱动层上安装有六块舵机驱动板,分别用于控制6条单腿结构上的各个舵机运动。控制层上安装有主控板,实现通讯管理、传感器数据采集、数据处理与驱动管理等功能。动力层上安装有电池盒,电池盒内安装机器人供电电池。 The interior of the robot body is divided into four layers by partitions. From top to bottom, there are sensing layer, driving layer, control layer and power layer, which are used to install the control system. Among them, the Xtion PRO LIVE camera and IMU are installed on the sensing layer; the Xtion PRO LIVE camera is used to collect environmental information, realize simultaneous positioning and map creation, and obtain human information for human-computer interaction. The IMU is used to obtain the robot's own pose, assist positioning and create a map of the environment. Six steering gear drive boards are installed on the driving layer, which are used to control the movement of each steering gear on the 6 single-leg structures. A main control board is installed on the control layer to realize functions such as communication management, sensor data collection, data processing and drive management. A battery box is installed on the power layer, and a robot power supply battery is installed in the battery box.

机器人本体与远程控制端进行无线通信,由远程控制端进行控制。远程控制端具有安全认证模块、音视频播放模块、操控模块与信息显示模块。各个模块均分为前端与后台;前端为人机交互接口;后台负责网络通信、数据处理。其中,安全认证模块用于获取用户输入的用户信息,经后台封装成数据包发送至机器人的控制主控板中,由主控板反馈登录结果至安全认证模块进行显示。音视频播放模块通过后台接收Xtion PRO LIVE摄像头返回的声音信息和相机采集的图像,经后台解码后在音视频播放模块中进行显示。信息显示模块接收IMU返回的六组机 器人传感信息,如姿态、关节角度和关节力矩信息用于显示六足机器人传感信息。操控模块由运动控件组成,可控制机器人运动;同时可以设置机器人行进模式。 The robot body communicates wirelessly with the remote control terminal, and is controlled by the remote control terminal. The remote control terminal has a security authentication module, an audio and video playback module, a control module and an information display module. Each module is divided into a front-end and a back-end; the front-end is a human-computer interaction interface; the back-end is responsible for network communication and data processing. Among them, the security authentication module is used to obtain the user information input by the user, which is encapsulated into a data packet through the background and sent to the main control board of the robot, and the main control board feeds back the login result to the security authentication module for display. The audio and video playback module receives the sound information returned by the Xtion PRO LIVE camera and the images collected by the camera through the background, and displays it in the audio and video playback module after being decoded in the background. The information display module receives six groups of robot sensing information returned by the IMU, such as posture, joint angle and joint torque information, and is used to display the sensing information of the hexapod robot. The control module is composed of motion controls, which can control the movement of the robot; at the same time, it can set the robot's travel mode.

本发明的优点在于: The advantages of the present invention are:

1、本发明六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台,兼具步行轮行功能,对路面环境的适应性较好,并且具有特殊的操作腿,可配置不同的末端执行器完成不同任务需求; 1. The six-wheel leg mobile operation robot experimental platform of the present invention has the function of walking and walking, and has good adaptability to the road environment, and has special operating legs, which can be configured with different end effectors to complete different task requirements;

2、本发明六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台中,操作腿组件,有一定通用性,不仅可以用于本发明中的机器人平台,还能用于其它机器人、机械臂等平台; 2. In the six-wheel leg mobile operation robot experimental platform of the present invention, the operating leg assembly has certain versatility, and can be used not only for the robot platform in the present invention, but also for other platforms such as robots and mechanical arms;

3、本发明六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台的控制不再仅仅局限于PC端,还可使用普通手机、平板电脑等进行控制,由于手机端、平板端Android控制软件的拓展,使机器人的控制更加方便。 3. The control of the experimental platform of the six-wheel leg mobile operation robot of the present invention is no longer limited to the PC end, but can also be controlled by ordinary mobile phones and tablet computers. Due to the expansion of the Android control software at the mobile phone end and the tablet end, the control of the robot is more efficient. convenient.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1为本发明六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台整体结构示意图; Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an experimental platform for a six-wheel leg mobile operation robot of the present invention;

图2为本发明六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台中结构一的单腿结构示意图; Fig. 2 is the single-leg structure schematic diagram of structure one in the experimental platform of the six-wheel leg mobile operation robot of the present invention;

图3为单腿结构中舵机与腿节间的安装方式示意图; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation method between the steering gear and the leg segment in the single-leg structure;

图4为本发明六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台中结构二的单腿结构示意图; Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a single leg structure of structure 2 in the experimental platform of the six-wheel leg mobile operation robot of the present invention;

图5为本发明六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台站立时单腿结构示意图; Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single leg when the experimental platform of the six-wheel leg mobile operation robot of the present invention is standing;

图6为本发明六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台中轮行时单腿结构示意图; Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single leg when the wheel is walking in the experimental platform of the six-wheel leg mobile operation robot of the present invention;

图7为本发明六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台中机器人主体结构示意图; Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the main body structure of the robot in the experimental platform of the six-wheel leg mobile operation robot of the present invention;

图8为本发明六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台中机器人主体的外壳内部分层结构示意图; Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the layered structure inside the shell of the robot main body in the experimental platform of the six-wheel leg mobile operation robot of the present invention;

图9为本发明六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台的远程控制端结构框图。 Fig. 9 is a structural block diagram of the remote control terminal of the six-wheel leg mobile operation robot experimental platform of the present invention.

1-机器人本体 2-单腿结构 3-舵盘 1-robot body 2-single-leg structure 3-rudder plate

4-伸出轴 5-轴承 6-轮子 4-Protruding shaft 5-Bearing 6-Wheel

7-执行器连接件 8-末端执行器 9-Xtion PRO LIVE摄像头 7-Actuator connector 8-End effector 9-Xtion PRO LIVE camera

10-IMU 11-舵机驱动板 12-主控板 10-IMU 11-Servo driver board 12-Main control board

13-电池盒 14-充电接口 15-电源开关 13-Battery box 14-Charging interface 15-Power switch

101-外壳 102-周边罩 201-第一腿节 101-shell 102-perimeter cover 201-first leg section

202-第二腿节 203-第三腿节 204-第一舵机 202-Second Leg Section 203-Third Leg Section 204-First Servo

205-第二舵机 206-第三舵机 207-第四舵机 205-Second steering gear 206-Third steering gear 207-Fourth steering gear

208-足地检测机构 901-底座 902-倒U型支架 208-foot detection mechanism 901-base 902-inverted U-shaped bracket

具体实施方式 detailed description

下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细说明。 The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

本发明六轮腿移动操作机器人实验平台,包括机器人本体1以及6条机器人单腿结构2,如图1所示,6条机器人单腿结构2周向均匀安装于机器人本体1上。 The six-wheeled leg mobile operation robot experimental platform of the present invention includes a robot body 1 and six robot single-leg structures 2. As shown in FIG.

一般机器人步行时为了实现足端在空间中的自由移动,单腿结构2自由度至少为3,机器人单腿结构2自由度越多,腿就越灵活,但其设计、控制难度和腿的质量将逐步地增大。本发明中6条机器人单腿结构2均采用三个舵机输出三个自由度,实现基本步行功能。 Generally, in order to realize the free movement of the foot end in space when the robot walks, the single-leg structure 2 degrees of freedom must be at least 3, and the more the 2 degrees of freedom of the single-leg structure of the robot, the more flexible the legs are, but the design, control difficulty and quality of the legs will gradually increase. In the present invention, the six robot single-leg structures 2 all adopt three steering gears to output three degrees of freedom to realize the basic walking function.

本发明中单腿结构2按功能类型设计为两种结构: Single-leg structure 2 is designed into two kinds of structures by function type among the present invention:

结构一为具有步行与轮行功能的轮腿结构,如图2所示,具有三根腿节,以及4个驱动舵机。令三根腿节分别为第一腿节、第二腿节、第三腿节,4个驱动舵机分别为第一舵机、第二舵机、第三舵机、第四舵机。其中,第一腿节一端固定安装在第一舵机的输出轴上,形成髋关节;第一舵机204输出轴轴线与水平面垂直,由第一舵机204驱动第一腿节201横向摆动。第二舵机205固定安装于第一腿节201另一端,第二舵机205输出轴与第二腿节202一端固定,形成膝关节;第二舵机205输出轴轴线与第一舵机204输出轴轴线垂直,由第二舵机205驱动第二腿节202纵向摆动。第二腿节202另一端与第三舵机206输出轴固定,形成踝关节;第三舵机206输出轴轴线与第二舵机205输出轴轴线平行,由第三舵机206驱动第三腿节203纵向摆动。 The first structure is a wheel-leg structure with walking and wheeling functions, as shown in Figure 2, with three leg sections and four driving steering gears. Let the three leg sections be respectively the first leg section, the second leg section, and the third leg section, and the four driving steering gears be respectively the first steering gear, the second steering gear, the third steering gear, and the fourth steering gear. Wherein, one end of the first leg section is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the first steering gear to form a hip joint; the axis of the output shaft of the first steering gear 204 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the first steering gear 204 drives the first leg section 201 to swing laterally. The second steering gear 205 is fixedly installed on the other end of the first leg section 201, and the output shaft of the second steering gear 205 is fixed to one end of the second leg section 202 to form a knee joint; The axis of the output shaft is vertical, and the second leg section 202 is driven to swing longitudinally by the second steering gear 205 . The other end of the second leg section 202 is fixed to the output shaft of the third steering gear 206 to form an ankle joint; the axis of the output shaft of the third steering gear 206 is parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the second steering gear 205, and the third leg is driven by the third steering gear 206 Section 203 swings longitudinally.

对于上述髋关节、膝关节与踝关节处的舵机与第一腿节201、第二腿节202、第三腿节203间的连接方式相同,如图3所示,其中舵机输出轴上通过螺钉固定安装有舵盘3,舵盘3嵌入腿节的端部一侧连接位上设计的凹槽内定位;舵机的输出轴同轴固定安装有伸出轴4,伸出轴4端部通过轴承5与腿节端部另一侧连接位相连。由此舵机通过上述连接方式将动力传递至腿节,减少了轴承的使用,达到减重的目的。 The connection mode between the steering gear at the above hip joint, knee joint and ankle joint and the first leg section 201, the second leg section 202, and the third leg section 203 is the same, as shown in Figure 3, wherein the output shaft of the steering gear The rudder plate 3 is fixed by screws, and the rudder plate 3 is embedded in the groove designed on the connection position of the end of the leg section; The part is connected with the other side connection position of the leg joint end through the bearing 5. Therefore, the steering gear transmits the power to the leg joint through the above connection method, which reduces the use of bearings and achieves the purpose of weight reduction.

上述第三腿节203设计为向机器人主体1方向弯曲,弯曲夹角为140度;使第四舵机207位于弯曲处,第四舵机207的输出轴轴线与第三舵机203输出轴轴线平行,第四舵机207输出轴上通过花键同轴固定安装有轮子6,通过第四舵机207驱动轮子6转动。 The above-mentioned third leg section 203 is designed to bend toward the direction of the robot main body 1, and the bending angle is 140 degrees; the fourth steering gear 207 is located at the bend, and the axis of the output shaft of the fourth steering gear 207 is aligned with the axis of the output shaft of the third steering gear 203. In parallel, the output shaft of the fourth steering gear 207 is coaxially fixed with a wheel 6 through a spline, and the fourth steering gear 207 drives the wheel 6 to rotate.

第三腿节203另一端安装有足地检测机构208,用于单腿结构2与地面间的接触,同时可实现足地接触状态的检测。上述足地检测机构208可采用公开号为 CN104816766A的发明专利中公开的一种适用于腿式机器人的足端触地检测机构,这种足地接触检测装置实质是在足端安装接触开关。 The other end of the third leg section 203 is equipped with a foot-ground detection mechanism 208 for the contact between the single-leg structure 2 and the ground, and at the same time can realize the detection of the foot-ground contact state. The above-mentioned foot-ground detection mechanism 208 can adopt a foot-end touch-ground detection mechanism suitable for legged robots disclosed in the invention patent with publication number CN104816766A. This foot-ground contact detection device is essentially a contact switch installed at the foot end.

结构二为具有步行及操作功能的腿臂操作结构,如图4所示,在结构一的基础上去掉第四舵机207与轮子6;同时去掉第三腿节203与足地检测机构208,并分别由执行器连接件7与末端执行器8替换,则末端执行器8通过执行器连接件7与第三舵机206固连,具体连接方式为:执行器连接件7采用可替换接口的执行器连接件,使执行器连接件7可连接不同结构形式的末端执行器8。末端执行器8根据操作任务具体选择,如:在核辐射区域需夹持某物体,末端执行器8可采用夹持结构,便可控制机器人完成夹持操作;如需让机器人剪断某物体,则末端执行器8采用剪切结构,便可控制机器人将特定物体剪断。本发明中将末端执行器8设计为夹持结构。末端执行器8由小型电机进行驱动,完成相应的操作任务。 Structure 2 is a leg-arm operation structure with walking and operation functions. As shown in FIG. and are respectively replaced by the actuator connector 7 and the end effector 8, then the end effector 8 is fixedly connected with the third steering gear 206 through the actuator connector 7, and the specific connection method is: the actuator connector 7 adopts a replaceable interface The actuator connector enables the actuator connector 7 to be connected to end effectors 8 of different structures. The end effector 8 is specifically selected according to the operation task. For example, if an object needs to be clamped in the nuclear radiation area, the end effector 8 can use a clamping structure to control the robot to complete the clamping operation; if the robot needs to cut an object, then The end effector 8 adopts a cutting structure, which can control the robot to cut off a specific object. In the present invention, the end effector 8 is designed as a clamping structure. The end effector 8 is driven by a small motor to complete corresponding operation tasks.

在上述结构一和结构一的单腿结构2与机器人本体间的安装方式相同,直接将第一舵机204固定与机器人本体1上即可;而6条腿的结构选择上,可选择5个结构一的单腿结构2与1个结构二的单腿结构2;则当机器人进行步行前进时,6条单腿结构2的支撑形式根据不同的关节位姿也不尽相同,根据仿生学原理,仿制蟑螂步行时的单腿支撑构型,如图5所示,由第一舵机201、第二舵机202、第三舵机203分别驱动髋关节、膝关节和踝关节转动,调节三个关节的位姿,实现单腿结构2的前后摆动或纵向移动,按照不同的步态前进;同时,结构二的单腿结构2中末端执行器8作为步行足足端来支撑机器人进行行走。6条腿的结构选择上,也可采用4个结构一和2个结构二的单腿结构2,通过2个结构二的单腿结构2实现双肢体协调操作。当机器人进行轮行前进时,可驱动其中至少3个单腿结构2中膝关节及踝关节转动改变单腿结构2的构型,使单腿结构2中的轮子6着地,如图6所示,实现轮行运动。 The installation method between the single-leg structure 2 of the above-mentioned structure 1 and structure 1 is the same as that of the robot body, and the first steering gear 204 can be directly fixed on the robot body 1; for the structure selection of 6 legs, 5 can be selected. The single-leg structure 2 of structure 1 and the single-leg structure 2 of structure 2; when the robot walks forward, the support forms of the six single-leg structures 2 are different according to different joint poses. According to the principle of bionics , to imitate the single-leg support configuration when the cockroach walks, as shown in Figure 5, the hip joint, knee joint and ankle joint are driven by the first steering gear 201, the second steering gear 202, and the third steering gear 203 to rotate, and the adjustment of the three The posture of each joint realizes the forward and backward swing or longitudinal movement of the single-leg structure 2, and advances according to different gaits; at the same time, the end effector 8 in the single-leg structure 2 of the structure 2 is used as the walking foot end to support the robot to walk. In terms of the structure selection of 6 legs, a single-leg structure 2 with 4 structures 1 and 2 structures 2 can also be used, and the coordinated operation of both limbs can be realized through the single-leg structure 2 with 2 structures 2. When the robot is wheeled forward, it can drive the knee joints and ankle joints in at least three of the single-leg structures 2 to rotate to change the configuration of the single-leg structure 2, so that the wheels 6 in the single-leg structure 2 are on the ground, as shown in Figure 6 , to realize wheel motion.

所述机器人本体1由外壳101、周边罩102构成,如图7所示;均使用3D打印制作,材料为塑料,质量较轻硬度适宜,并且加工周期短,便于机器人本体1的造型控制。周边罩102加装于外壳101外部,周向上预留单腿结构2的安装口;周边罩102用于保护外壳101及外壳101内部控制系统。上述机器人本体1中,外壳101采用近圆柱体,且内部由具有减重孔的铝合金板分割为四层,如图8所示,由上至下依次为传感层、驱动层、控制层及动力层,用于安装控制系统。 The robot body 1 is composed of a shell 101 and a peripheral cover 102, as shown in FIG. 7 ; both are made by 3D printing, and the material is plastic, which is light in weight and suitable for hardness, and has a short processing cycle, which is convenient for the shape control of the robot body 1 . The peripheral cover 102 is installed on the outside of the casing 101 , and an installation opening of the single-leg structure 2 is reserved in the circumferential direction; the peripheral cover 102 is used to protect the casing 101 and the internal control system of the casing 101 . In the above-mentioned robot body 1, the shell 101 adopts a nearly cylindrical body, and the interior is divided into four layers by an aluminum alloy plate with weight-reducing holes, as shown in FIG. 8 , from top to bottom are the sensing layer, driving layer, and control layer And the power layer, used to install the control system.

其中,传感层上安装有Xtion PRO LIVE摄像头9、IMU(惯性导航单元)10;Xtion PRO LIVE摄像头9位于外壳101外部,其底座901位于传感器层内,固定安装在 倒U型支架902上,倒U型支架902固定在传感层上表面。IMU10固定于传感器层上,位于倒U型支架902内,由此实现紧凑设计,减少机器人的体积。上述Xtion PRO LIVE摄像头9有两个作用:一是采集环境信息,实现同时定位及地图创建(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM,同时定位及地图创建);二是获取人的信息,用于人机交互。Xtion PRO LIVE摄像头9包含2个相机,分别为一个RGB相机及一个深度相机;深度相机有效距离在0.8m至3.5m之间。另外Xtion PRO LIVE摄像头9两侧的麦克组成麦克阵列,能够有效地获取环境中的声音信息,可用于实现语音控制等自然人机交互方式。IMU10采用惯性导航单元,用于获得机器人的自身姿态,辅助定位和创建环境地图。本发明中IMU10采用MTI-300AHRS,能输出三轴线加速度、三轴角速度、三轴偏角,内部采用突破性的传感器融合算法XEE(Xsens Estimation Engine),一定程度上克服了Kalman滤波的限制,性能接近于光学陀螺仪。 Wherein, an Xtion PRO LIVE camera 9 and an IMU (inertial navigation unit) 10 are installed on the sensing layer; the Xtion PRO LIVE camera 9 is located outside the casing 101, and its base 901 is located in the sensor layer, and is fixedly mounted on an inverted U-shaped bracket 902, The inverted U-shaped bracket 902 is fixed on the upper surface of the sensing layer. The IMU 10 is fixed on the sensor layer and located in the inverted U-shaped bracket 902 , thereby achieving a compact design and reducing the volume of the robot. The above-mentioned Xtion PRO LIVE camera 9 has two functions: one is to collect environmental information to realize simultaneous positioning and map creation (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, SLAM, simultaneous positioning and map creation); the other is to obtain human information for human-computer interaction . Xtion PRO LIVE camera 9 includes 2 cameras, one RGB camera and one depth camera; the effective distance of the depth camera is between 0.8m and 3.5m. In addition, the microphones on both sides of the Xtion PRO LIVE camera 9 form a microphone array, which can effectively obtain sound information in the environment, and can be used to realize natural human-computer interaction methods such as voice control. The IMU10 uses an inertial navigation unit to obtain the robot's own attitude, assist positioning and create an environmental map. In the present invention, the IMU10 adopts MTI-300AHRS, which can output three-axis acceleration, three-axis angular velocity, and three-axis deflection angle. The breakthrough sensor fusion algorithm XEE (Xsens Estimation Engine) is used inside, which overcomes the limitation of Kalman filter to a certain extent, and the performance close to an optical gyroscope.

驱动层上安装有六块舵机驱动板11,分别用于控制6条单腿结构2上的各个舵机运动。六块舵机驱动板11并排设置在驱动层上表面上,可以实现并行计算,实时性好。 Six steering gear drive boards 11 are installed on the driving layer, which are respectively used to control the movement of each steering gear on the six single-leg structures 2 . Six steering gear drive boards 11 are arranged side by side on the upper surface of the drive layer, which can realize parallel computing and has good real-time performance.

控制层上安装有主控板12,主控板12为机器人的控制中心,可实现通讯管理、传感器数据采集、数据处理、驱动管理等功能。主控板12采用MIO-2263系列嵌入式单板电脑,为搭载嵌入式CeleronJ1900四核处理器的工业级嵌入式单板电脑。主控板12为x86架构,对各类软硬件具有良好的兼容性,同时其较高的性能可以满足大运算量需求,并且使用ROS框架进行开发。 A main control board 12 is installed on the control layer, and the main control board 12 is the control center of the robot, which can realize functions such as communication management, sensor data collection, data processing, and drive management. The main control board 12 adopts MIO-2263 series embedded single-board computer, which is equipped with embedded Industrial-grade embedded single-board computer with CeleronJ1900 quad-core processor. The main control board 12 is an x86 architecture, which has good compatibility with various hardware and software, and its high performance can meet the demand for large amount of calculation, and it is developed using the ROS framework.

动力层上安装有电池盒13,电池盒13安装有一块12V锂电池和一块7.4V锂电池,使机器人不用外接电源,独立自主,扩大机器人适用范围。 A battery box 13 is installed on the power layer, and a 12V lithium battery and a 7.4V lithium battery are installed in the battery box 13, so that the robot needs no external power supply, is independent and autonomous, and expands the scope of application of the robot.

上述控制层上还设计有充电接口14与电源开关15;充电导线两端分别与充电接口14和动力层中两块锂电池相连;由此使外接电源通过充电接口14来为锂电池充电。电源开关15来用来控制每条单腿结构2中的各个舵机及主控板12的上电下电。 The above-mentioned control layer is also designed with a charging interface 14 and a power switch 15; the two ends of the charging wire are respectively connected with the charging interface 14 and the two lithium batteries in the power layer; The power switch 15 is used to control the power-on and power-off of each servo and the main control board 12 in each single-leg structure 2 .

本发明在wlan无线网络环境下,与远程控制端(手机端或平板端)进行无线通信,由远程控制端进行控制。控制端采用Android系统,设计有控制模块;控制模块包括安全认证模块、音视频播放模块、操控模块、信息显示模块,如图9所示。控制端中各个模块均分为前端与后台。前端为人机交互接口;后台负责网络通信、数据处理。其中,安全认证模块用于获取用户输入的用户信息,经后台封装成数据包发送至机器人的控制主控板12中,由主控板反馈登录结果至安全认证模块进行显示。音视频播放模块通过后台接收六足机器人中Xtion PRO LIVE 摄像头返回的声音信息和相机采集的图像,经后台解码后在音视频播放模块中进行显示。信息显示模块接收IMU返回的六组机器人传感信息,如姿态、关节角度和关节力矩信息用于显示六足机器人传感信息,如姿态、关节角度和关节力矩。操控模块由多个控件组成,可控制六足机器人前进、后退、左转、右转、暂停、停止等动作。同时可以设置机器人行进模式,如腿式行进模式或轮式行进模式。 The present invention performs wireless communication with a remote control terminal (mobile phone terminal or tablet terminal) under the WLAN wireless network environment, and is controlled by the remote control terminal. The control terminal adopts the Android system and is designed with a control module; the control module includes a security authentication module, an audio and video playback module, a control module, and an information display module, as shown in Figure 9. Each module in the control terminal is divided into front-end and back-end. The front end is a human-computer interaction interface; the background is responsible for network communication and data processing. Wherein, the security authentication module is used to obtain the user information input by the user, which is encapsulated into a data packet through the background and sent to the main control board 12 of the robot, and the main control board feeds back the login result to the security authentication module for display. The audio and video playback module receives the sound information returned by the Xtion PRO LIVE camera in the hexapod robot and the images collected by the camera through the background, and displays it in the audio and video playback module after decoding in the background. The information display module receives six sets of robot sensing information returned by the IMU, such as attitude, joint angle and joint moment information, and is used to display the sensing information of the hexapod robot, such as attitude, joint angle and joint moment. The control module is composed of multiple controls, which can control the hexapod robot to move forward, backward, turn left, turn right, pause, stop and other actions. At the same time, you can set the robot's travel mode, such as leg travel mode or wheel travel mode.

对于平板电脑端,由于平板电脑的屏幕较大,能够容纳更多的功能模块。相比手机端,本发明中在平板电脑端还增加了三维仿真模块。三维仿真模根据Xtion PRO LIVE摄像头与IMU模块返回的机器人运动及其周围环境信号,同步显示机器人运动和环境地形。在机器人运行过程中,三维仿真模块根据六足机器人关节角度信息,驱动三维模型与真实机器人同步(低延时)运动。 As for the tablet computer end, since the tablet computer has a larger screen, it can accommodate more functional modules. Compared with the mobile phone terminal, a three-dimensional simulation module is also added on the tablet computer terminal in the present invention. The 3D simulation model synchronously displays the robot's movement and environmental terrain based on the robot's movement and surrounding environment signals returned by the Xtion PRO LIVE camera and IMU module. During the operation of the robot, the 3D simulation module drives the 3D model to move synchronously (low delay) with the real robot according to the joint angle information of the hexapod robot.

Claims (8)

1. six take turns lower limb mobile manipulator device people's experiment porch, including robot body and 6 robot lists Lower limb structure, 6 robot list lower limb structure circumferences are uniformly installed on robot body;It is characterized in that:
Single lower limb structure can be designed as two kinds of structures:
Structure one: there is the wheel lower limb structure of walking and wheel row function, including three leg sections, and 4 driving rudders Machine;Making three leg sections be respectively the first leg section, the second leg section, the 3rd leg section, 4 drive steering wheel to be respectively the One steering wheel, the second steering wheel, the 3rd steering wheel, the 4th steering wheel;Wherein, first leg section one end is fixedly mounted on On the output shaft of one steering wheel, form hip joint;First steering wheel output shaft axis and horizontal plane, by first Servo driving the first leg section teeter;Second steering wheel is fixedly installed in the first leg section other end, the second steering wheel Output shaft and second leg section one end are fixed, and form knee joint;Second steering wheel output shaft axis and the first steering wheel are defeated Shaft axis is vertical, by second servo driving the second leg section longitudinal oscillation;The second leg section other end and the 3rd rudder Machine output shaft is fixed, and forms ankle joint;3rd steering wheel output shaft axis is parallel with the second steering wheel output shaft axis, By the 3rd servo driving the 3rd leg section longitudinal oscillation;4th steering wheel is positioned in the middle part of the 3rd leg section, the 4th steering wheel Output shaft axis is parallel with the 3rd steering wheel output shaft axis, and the 4th steering wheel output shaft is coaxially fixed by spline Wheel is installed, by the 4th servo driving wheel turns;The 3rd leg section other end is provided with foot ground testing machine Structure, for single lower limb structure and contacting between ground, can realize the detection of foot ground contact condition simultaneously;
Structure two: there is the lower limb arm operation structure of walking and operating function, remove the 4th on the basis of structure one Steering wheel and wheel;Remove the 3rd leg section and Zu Di testing agency simultaneously, and respectively by executor's connector and end Executor replaces, then end effector is connected by executor's connector and the 3rd steering wheel, and concrete connected mode is: Executor's connector uses executor's connector of replaceable interface, makes executor's connector can connect end and performs Device;
It is divided into four layers by dividing plate inside robot body, is from top to bottom followed successively by sensing layer, drives layer, control Layer and mover layer, for installation control system;Wherein, sensing layer is provided with Xtion PRO LIVE photographic head With IMU;Xtion PRO LIVE photographic head is used for gathering environmental information, it is achieved location and map building simultaneously, And the information of acquisition people, for man-machine interaction;IMU is for obtaining self attitude of robot, auxiliary positioning With establishment environmental map;Drive, on layer, six pieces of actuator driving plates are installed, be respectively used to control 6 single lower limb structures On each steering wheel motion;Master control borad is installed on key-course, it is achieved communication management, sensor data acquisition, The functions such as data process and driven management;Being provided with battery case on mover layer, in battery case, mounting robot is powered Battery;
Robot body and remote control terminal carry out radio communication, remote control terminal be controlled;Remotely control End has security authentication module, audio and video playing module, operational module and information display module;Modules is equal It is divided into front end and backstage;Front end is Man Machine Interface;Network service is responsible on backstage, data process;Wherein, Security authentication module, for obtaining the user profile of user's input, is packaged into packet through backstage and sends to robot Control master control borad in, by master control borad feedback log in result show to security authentication module;Audio and video playing Module receives, by backstage, acoustic information and the image of collected by camera, the warp that Xtion PRO LIVE photographic head returns Show in audio and video playing module after background decoding;Information display module receives six groups of machines that IMU returns Device people's heat transfer agent, as attitude, joint angles and joint moment information are used for showing Hexapod Robot heat transfer agent; Operational module is made up of motion control, can control robot motion;Robot traveling mode can be set simultaneously.
2. a kind of six take turns lower limb mobile manipulator device people's experiment porch, it is characterised in that: Single lower limb structure of 5 structures one and single lower limb structure of 1 structure two are installed on robot body;Or 4 knots are installed Structure one and single lower limb structure of 2 structures two.
3. as described in right wants ball 1, one six takes turns lower limb mobile manipulator device people's experiment porch, it is characterised in that: hip Connected mode between the steering wheel of joint, knee joint and ankle and the first leg section, the second leg section, the 3rd leg section Identical, wherein it is mounted by means of screws with steering wheel on steering wheel output shaft, steering wheel embeds the side, end of leg section even Connect the groove inner position of design on position;The output shaft of steering wheel is coaxially installed with projecting shaft, and projecting shaft end leads to Cross bearing be connected with leg section end opposite side position be connected.
4. as described in right wants ball 1, one six takes turns lower limb mobile manipulator device people's experiment porch, it is characterised in that: machine Periphery cover is installed additional, the installing port of reserved single lower limb structure in periphery cover circumference outside device human body;By periphery cover to machine Device people originally protect.
5. as described in right wants ball 1, one six takes turns lower limb mobile manipulator device people's experiment porch, it is characterised in that: Xtion PRO LIVE photographic head is positioned at outside robot body, and base is positioned at sensor layer, is fixedly mounted on On inverted U support, inverted U support is fixed on sensing layer upper surface;IMU is positioned at inverted U support.
6. as described in right wants ball 1, one six takes turns lower limb mobile manipulator device people's experiment porch, it is characterised in that: six Block actuator driving plate is disposed side by side on driving layer upper surface, it is possible to achieve parallel computation, real-time is good.
7. as described in right wants ball 1, one six takes turns lower limb mobile manipulator device people's experiment porch, it is characterised in that: control Charging inlet and on and off switch it is also devised with on preparative layer;Charging conductor two ends respectively with in charging inlet and mover layer Two pieces of lithium batteries are connected;External power supply is thus made to be come for lithium cell charging by charging inlet;On and off switch is used Control electricity under the powering on of each steering wheel in every single lower limb structure and master control borad.
8. as described in right wants ball 1, one six takes turns lower limb mobile manipulator device people's experiment porch, it is characterised in that: remote Process control end also has three-dimensional artificial module;Three-dimensional artificial mould is according to Xtion PRO LIVE photographic head and IMU mould The robot motion of block return and surrounding signals, simultaneous display robot motion and environment terrain;At machine In device people's running, three-dimensional artificial module according to Hexapod Robot joint angles information, drive threedimensional model with Real machine people be synchronized with the movement.
CN201610389714.5A 2016-06-02 2016-06-02 Six-wheel-leg movable operation robot test platform Pending CN105966488A (en)

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CN107253497A (en) * 2016-12-02 2017-10-17 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 A kind of leg arm merges quadruped robot
CN107010136A (en) * 2016-12-02 2017-08-04 北京航空航天大学 A kind of six degree of freedom can carry out the walking robot list leg structure of leg arm mixing operation
CN106737583A (en) * 2016-12-28 2017-05-31 上海未来伙伴机器人有限公司 The steering wheel Wiring structure and humanoid robot of humanoid robot
CN107085422A (en) * 2017-01-04 2017-08-22 北京航空航天大学 A remote control system for a multifunctional hexapod robot based on Xtion equipment
CN110461690A (en) * 2017-03-29 2019-11-15 株式会社久保田 Operation Van
CN106965182A (en) * 2017-04-28 2017-07-21 西北工业大学 A kind of wheeled robot and its control method for the in-orbit assembling of space truss
CN106976103A (en) * 2017-05-02 2017-07-25 上海未来伙伴机器人有限公司 Attachment structure and robot for human-like leg joint output end steering wheel and skeleton
CN107127760A (en) * 2017-07-12 2017-09-05 清华大学 A kind of track combined anthropomorphic robot of foot
CN107671864A (en) * 2017-09-12 2018-02-09 北京航天光华电子技术有限公司 A kind of explosive-removal robot intelligence control system
CN108275252A (en) * 2018-02-28 2018-07-13 哈尔滨工程大学 A kind of propeller and steering engine hybrid power propelling machinery jellyfish
CN108275252B (en) * 2018-02-28 2020-09-25 哈尔滨工程大学 Propeller and steering engine hybrid propulsion mechanical jellyfish
CN112566760A (en) * 2018-08-08 2021-03-26 株式会社安川电机 Robot
JP2022531986A (en) * 2019-06-07 2022-07-12 バイストロニック レーザー アクチェンゲゼルシャフト Sorting systems, mobile robots, sorting system operating methods, computer program products, and computer-readable media
CN112061262A (en) * 2020-09-22 2020-12-11 北京航空航天大学 Single-leg device of double-parallel four-rod transmission mechanism and six-wheel-leg robot
CN112061262B (en) * 2020-09-22 2022-01-25 北京航空航天大学 Single-leg device of double-parallel four-rod transmission mechanism and six-wheel-leg robot
CN112296978A (en) * 2020-09-30 2021-02-02 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 Robot
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Application publication date: 20160928