CN105957648B - A kind of preparation method of metal composite electric-conductor - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of metal composite electric-conductor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105957648B CN105957648B CN201610475537.2A CN201610475537A CN105957648B CN 105957648 B CN105957648 B CN 105957648B CN 201610475537 A CN201610475537 A CN 201610475537A CN 105957648 B CN105957648 B CN 105957648B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0036—Details
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of metal composite electric-conductor, comprise the following steps：Step 1, the first ingot is obtained into the first metal bar by hot extrusion, the second ingot is obtained into the second metal bar by hot extrusion；Step 2, the first metal bar extruded is obtained into the first wire by cold drawing, the second metal bar extruded is obtained into the second wire by cold drawing；Step 3, using electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment, to the first wire and it will be sent in the electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment and be printed to the second wire, and tentatively obtain metal composite electric-conductor；Step 4, the metal composite electric-conductor tentatively obtained is heat-treated, obtains qualified metal composite electric-conductor.The present invention has the advantages of manufacturing process is simple and precision is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to core-spun yarn production field, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of metal composite electric-conductor.
Background technology
With reaching its maturity for voltage levels technology of transmission of electricity, power switch technology is also in continuous development and renewal.In
High pressure field vacuum, SF6 breakers etc. are gradually to miniaturization, intelligent direction research and development.Particularly 12kV and with
In the power switch of upper grade, in order to ensure relatively low resistance heat and conductive security, using larger fine copper electric-conductor, such as
Upper and lower outlet, switch cubicle connector etc..Because electric current Kelvin effect, electric current are internal mainly in copper electric-conductor top layer concentration of transmissions
Current density very little, thus using fine copper as the electrical fitting of electric-conductor, it is not only expensive, and wave is formd to material
Take.
Electric-conductor currently on the market is more based on copper cover aluminum or copper-clad alloy wire, Publication No. CN102303220A hair
Bright patent discloses a kind of its production stage of the production method of copper clad aluminum wire：A, copper strips, aluminium are discharged into row surface de-oxidation layer
Processing；B, then, copper strips, aluminium dispatch are entered into coating machine shaping welding, then tightened up with cold rolling mill, then the chi needed for
Very little sawing；C, the copper cover aluminum discharge to have broken is continuously introduced into the preheating 60-150 seconds in intermediate-frequency heating furnace, is adjusted to its temperature
300-600℃；D, and then by copper cover aluminum discharge continuous furnace is sent into, heating-up temperature is 300-620 DEG C, and the heat time is 90 points
Clock -120 minutes；E, and then copper cover aluminum discharge is run by roller-way and is sent into hot-rolling mill finish rolling, cooling；F, the copper-clad that will have been rolled
After aluminium discharge carries out drawing sizing, according to technique scale sawing；G, the good copper cover aluminum discharge of scale is put into vacuum annealing furnace
After carrying out bright annealing, finished product is obtained, annealing temperature is 400-600 DEG C, and annealing time is 6-12 hours；H, place products into certainly
Packaging and storage on dynamic baling line.The method of making Coating Aluminum Weir Materials with Copper Layer is main flow in the above described manner or similar to aforesaid way at present,
However, aforesaid way not only complex technical process, and the precision of made Coating Aluminum Weir Materials with Copper Layer is low, it is also necessary to filled using undergauge
Requirement can just be met to the progress undergauge processing of obtained wire rod by putting.In addition, above-mentioned technique is suitable for regular shape product
Production, and limitation is then formed to the production of polymorphic structure.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, metal composite simple it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of manufacturing process and high precision is led
The preparation method of electric part.
The technical scheme for solving above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：
A kind of preparation method of metal composite electric-conductor, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, the first ingot is obtained into the first metal bar by hot extrusion, the second ingot is obtained by hot extrusion
Two metal bars；
Step 2, the first metal bar extruded is obtained into the first wire by cold drawing, the second metal that will have been extruded
Rod obtains the second wire by cold drawing；
Step 3, using electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment, the first wire and the second wire are sent to the electron beam
Printed in wire feed 3D printing equipment, tentatively obtain metal composite electric-conductor；
Step 4, the metal composite electric-conductor tentatively obtained is heat-treated, obtains qualified metal composite electric-conductor.
Preferably, after the completion of step 2, the first obtained wire and the second wire are subjected to destressing processing respectively
Afterwards, step 3 is entered back into.
Preferably, the first wire destressing processing is carried out under conditions of 1-3h is incubated in 500-550 DEG C；
Second wire destressing processing is carried out under conditions of 1-2h is incubated in 700-900 DEG C.
Preferably, the first ingot is aluminium ingot, and the second ingot is copper ingot.
Preferably, in step 2, the cold drawing of the first metal bar, the second metal bar is to a diameter of by multiple tracks cold drawing
0.1-3mm, each drawing deformation amount are no more than 80%.
Preferably, in step 3, before using electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment wire feed, printing is calculated by computer
The electric current distribution curve of metal composite electric-conductor, design inner core the first metal layer thickness and outsourcing second metal layer thickness.
Preferably, in step 3, the melting zone temperature in 3D printing equipment is 1100-1400 DEG C.
The print job temperature of electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment described in step 3 is 500-600 DEG C, and beam spot exists
Between 0.1-0.5mm.
Preferably, a diameter of 0.1-3mm of the wire feed of the first wire, a diameter of 0.1-3mm of wire feed of the second wire.
Preferably, in step 3, the wire feed rate of aluminium wire is 3-15Kg/h, and the wire feed rate of copper wire is 5-30kg/h.
Preferably, the process being heat-treated described in step 4 is that 4-5h is incubated in 400-450 DEG C, is then cooled to 150-200
DEG C insulation 2-4h.
The skin phenomenon that becomes of the invention based on electric current, prepares a kind of copper using 3D printing technique and is in electric-conductor outer layer, aluminium
Composite conducting part in internal layer.Electric current is set mainly to be transmitted by surface layers of copper, internal aluminium lamination small part conduction and structure function,
The production cost and electric-conductor weight of product are greatly reduced, while prepares baroque shaped piece.
Advantages of the present invention is as follows：
1.3D print procedures are carried out in 500-600 DEG C of working environment, and copper, aluminium can be made to be effectively combined together, prevented
The generation of crack arrest line；
2.3D printing techniques can produce the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor of arbitrarily complicated shape, and shape is not by product preparation process office
Limit；
3. replacing the copper material at electric-conductor center using aluminium, the use of copper is reduced, reduces production cost；
4. replacing copper to effectively reduce the weight of electric-conductor using aluminium, improve breaker cut-offs reliability.
The present invention is not limited to using copper and aluminium as printed material, can also be entered using other metal materials by above-mentioned technique
Row printing, for example, making the electric-conductor of copper-clad alloy material.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor obtained by using the method for the present invention.
Embodiment
The preparation method of the metal composite electric-conductor of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, the first ingot is obtained into the first metal bar by hot extrusion, the second ingot is obtained by hot extrusion
Two metal bars；Preferably, the first ingot is aluminium ingot, and the second ingot is copper ingot.
Step 2, the first metal bar extruded is obtained into the first wire by cold drawing, the second metal that will have been extruded
Rod obtains the second wire by cold drawing；In step 2, the cold drawing of the first metal bar, the second metal bar is cold drawn by multiple tracks
Pull out to a diameter of 0.1-3mm, each drawing deformation amount and be no more than 80%.Preferably, after the completion of step 2, the first gold medal that will obtain
After category silk and the second wire carry out destressing processing respectively, step 3 is entered back into.Preferably, the first wire destressing
Processing is carried out under conditions of 1-3h is incubated in 500-550 DEG C；Second wire destressing processing is in 700-900 DEG C
Carried out under conditions of insulation 1-2h.
Step 3, using electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment, the first wire and the second wire are sent to the electron beam
Printed in wire feed 3D printing equipment, tentatively obtain metal composite electric-conductor.Preferably, in step 3, sent using electron beam
Before silk 3D printing equipment wire feed, the electric current distribution curve of the metal composite electric-conductor of printing, design are calculated by computer
Inner core the first metal layer thickness and outsourcing second metal layer thickness.The printing of electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment described in step 3
Operating temperature is 500-600 DEG C, and beam spot is between 0.1-0.5mm.A diameter of 0.1-the 3mm of wire feed of first wire,
A diameter of 0.1-the 3mm of wire feed of second wire.Preferably, in step 3, the wire feed rate of aluminium wire is 3-15Kg/h, copper wire
Wire feed rate is 5-30kg/h.
Step 4, the metal composite electric-conductor tentatively obtained is heat-treated, obtains qualified metal composite electric-conductor.
Preferably, the process being heat-treated described in step 4 is that 4-5h is incubated in 400-450 DEG C, is then cooled to 150-200 DEG C of insulation 2-
4h。
Embodiment 1：
As shown in figure 1, the preparation method of Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, from the fine aluminium ingot and more than 99.95% fine copper ingot that purity is more than 99.9%, by aluminium ingot at 400 DEG C
Under conditions of a diameter of 15mm aluminium bar obtained by hot extrusion, copper ingot is obtained directly under conditions of 750 DEG C by hot extrusion
Footpath is 15mm copper rod.
Step 2, obtained aluminium bar is obtained into a diameter of 3mm aluminium wire by multiple cold drawing, obtained copper rod is passed through
Multiple cold drawing obtains a diameter of 3mm copper wire, and each drawing deformation amount is no more than 80%.Aluminium wire is subjected to destressing processing,
Destressing processing is carried out under conditions of 1h is incubated in 550 DEG C；Copper wire is subjected to destressing processing, at copper wire destressing
Reason is carried out under conditions of 1h is incubated in 900 DEG C.
Step 3, the electric current distribution curve of the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor of printing is calculated by computer, designs inner core aluminium lamination
1 thickness and the thickness of outsourcing layers of copper 2.Using electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment, the aluminium wire after destressing and copper wire are sent to this
Printed in electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment, the wire feed diameter of aluminium wire and copper wire is 3mm, and the wire feed rate of aluminium wire is
3Kg/h, the wire feed rate of copper wire is 5kg/h.Tentatively obtain metal composite electric-conductor；Described electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment
Print job temperature be 600 DEG C, melting zone temperature be 1400 DEG C, beam spot 0.5mm.After step 3, tentatively obtain
Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor.
Step 4, the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor tentatively obtained is heat-treated, the process of the heat treatment is in 450 DEG C
4.1h is incubated, 200 DEG C of insulation 2h is then cooled to, finally gives qualified metal composite electric-conductor.
Embodiment 2：
The preparation method of Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, from the fine aluminium ingot and more than 99.95% fine copper ingot that purity is more than 99.9%, by aluminium ingot at 420 DEG C
Under conditions of a diameter of 20mm aluminium bar obtained by hot extrusion, copper ingot is obtained directly under conditions of 780 DEG C by hot extrusion
Footpath is 20mm copper rod.
Step 2, obtained aluminium bar is obtained into a diameter of 2.5mm aluminium wire by multiple cold drawing, obtained copper rod is led to
Cross multiple cold drawing and obtain a diameter of 2.5mm copper wire, each drawing deformation amount is no more than 80%.Aluminium wire is carried out at destressing
Reason, destressing processing are carried out under conditions of 1.4h is incubated in 510 DEG C；Copper wire is subjected to destressing processing, copper wire is gone
Stress processing is carried out under conditions of 1.2h is incubated in 850 DEG C.
Step 3, the electric current distribution curve of the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor of printing is calculated by computer, designs inner core aluminium lamination
Thickness and outsourcing copper layer thickness.Using electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment, the aluminium wire after destressing and copper wire are sent to the electricity
Printed in beamlet wire feed 3D printing equipment, a diameter of 2.5mm of wire feed, the wire feed rate of aluminium wire is 5Kg/h, the wire feed of copper wire
Speed is 8kg/h.Tentatively obtain metal composite electric-conductor；The print job temperature of described electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment is
580 DEG C, melting zone temperature is 1350 DEG C, beam spot 0.4mm.After step 3, Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor is tentatively obtained.
Step 4, the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor tentatively obtained is heat-treated, the process of the heat treatment is in 440 DEG C
4.3h is incubated, 190 DEG C of insulation 2.4h is then cooled to, finally gives qualified metal composite electric-conductor.
Embodiment 3：
The preparation method of Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, from the fine aluminium ingot and more than 99.95% fine copper ingot that purity is more than 99.9%, by aluminium ingot at 440 DEG C
Under conditions of a diameter of 23mm aluminium bar obtained by hot extrusion, copper ingot is obtained directly under conditions of 800 DEG C by hot extrusion
Footpath is 23mm copper rod.
Step 2, obtained aluminium bar is obtained into a diameter of 2mm aluminium wire by multiple cold drawing, obtained copper rod is passed through
Multiple cold drawing obtains a diameter of 2mm copper wire, and each drawing deformation amount is no more than 80%.Aluminium wire is subjected to destressing processing,
Destressing processing is carried out under conditions of 1.8h is incubated in 520 DEG C；Copper wire is subjected to destressing processing, copper wire destressing
Processing is carried out under conditions of 1.4h is incubated in 820 DEG C.
Step 3, the electric current distribution curve of the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor of printing is calculated by computer, designs inner core aluminium lamination
Thickness and outsourcing copper layer thickness.Using electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment, the aluminium wire after destressing and copper wire are sent to the electricity
Printed in beamlet wire feed 3D printing equipment, a diameter of 2mm of wire feed, the wire feed rate of aluminium wire is 8Kg/h, and the wire feed of copper wire is fast
Spend for 15kg/h.Tentatively obtain metal composite electric-conductor；The print job temperature of described electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment is
560 DEG C, melting zone temperature is 1270 DEG C, beam spot 0.35mm.After step 3, Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor is tentatively obtained.
Step 4, the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor tentatively obtained is heat-treated, the process of the heat treatment is in 430 DEG C
4.5h is incubated, 180 DEG C of insulation 2.8h is then cooled to, finally gives qualified metal composite electric-conductor.
Embodiment 4：
The preparation method of Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, from the fine aluminium ingot and more than 99.95% fine copper ingot that purity is more than 99.9%, by aluminium ingot at 460 DEG C
Under conditions of a diameter of 20mm aluminium bar obtained by hot extrusion, copper ingot is obtained directly under conditions of 820 DEG C by hot extrusion
Footpath is 20mm copper rod.
Step 2, obtained aluminium bar is obtained into a diameter of 1.5mm aluminium wire by multiple cold drawing, obtained copper rod is led to
Cross multiple cold drawing and obtain a diameter of 1.5mm copper wire, each drawing deformation amount is no more than 80%.Aluminium wire is carried out at destressing
Reason, destressing processing are carried out under conditions of 2.2h is incubated in 530 DEG C；Copper wire is subjected to destressing processing, copper wire is gone
Stress processing is carried out under conditions of 1.6h is incubated in 780 DEG C.
Step 3, the electric current distribution curve of the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor of printing is calculated by computer, designs inner core aluminium lamination
Thickness and outsourcing copper layer thickness.Using electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment, the aluminium wire after destressing and copper wire are sent to the electricity
Printed in beamlet wire feed 3D printing equipment, the wire feed diameter of aluminium wire and copper wire is 1.5mm, and the wire feed rate of aluminium wire is
11Kg/h, the wire feed rate of copper wire is 20kg/h.Tentatively obtain metal composite electric-conductor；Described electron beam wire feed 3D printing is set
Standby print job temperature is 540 DEG C, and melting zone temperature is 1230 DEG C, beam spot 0.3mm.After step 3, preliminary
To Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor.
Step 4, the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor tentatively obtained is heat-treated, the process of the heat treatment is in 435 DEG C
4.7h is incubated, 170 DEG C of insulation 3.2h is then cooled to, finally gives qualified metal composite electric-conductor.
Embodiment 5：
The preparation method of Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, from the fine aluminium ingot and more than 99.95% fine copper ingot that purity is more than 99.9%, by aluminium ingot at 480 DEG C
Under conditions of a diameter of 18mm aluminium bar obtained by hot extrusion, copper ingot is obtained directly under conditions of 840 DEG C by hot extrusion
Footpath is 18mm copper rod.
Step 2, obtained aluminium bar is obtained into a diameter of 1.2mm aluminium wire by multiple cold drawing, obtained copper rod is led to
Cross multiple cold drawing and obtain a diameter of 1.2mm copper wire, each drawing deformation amount is no more than 80%.Aluminium wire is carried out at destressing
Reason, destressing processing are carried out under conditions of 1.8h is incubated in 540 DEG C；Copper wire is subjected to destressing processing, copper wire is gone
Stress processing is carried out under conditions of 1.8h is incubated in 820 DEG C.
Step 3, the electric current distribution curve of the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor of printing is calculated by computer, designs inner core aluminium lamination
Thickness and outsourcing copper layer thickness.Using electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment, the aluminium wire after destressing and copper wire are sent to the electricity
Printed in beamlet wire feed 3D printing equipment, the wire feed diameter of aluminium wire and copper wire is 1.2mm, and the wire feed rate of aluminium wire is
13Kg/h, the wire feed rate of copper wire is 24kg/h.Tentatively obtain metal composite electric-conductor；Described electron beam wire feed 3D printing is set
Standby print job temperature is 560 DEG C, and melting zone temperature is 1220 DEG C, beam spot 0.29mm.After step 3, tentatively
Obtain Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor.
Step 4, the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor tentatively obtained is heat-treated, the process of the heat treatment is in 440 DEG C
4.8h is incubated, 160 DEG C of insulation 3.5h is then cooled to, finally gives qualified metal composite electric-conductor.
Embodiment 6：
The preparation method of Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, from the fine aluminium ingot and more than 99.95% fine copper ingot that purity is more than 99.9%, by aluminium ingot at 490 DEG C
Under conditions of a diameter of 16mm aluminium bar obtained by hot extrusion, copper ingot is obtained directly under conditions of 860 DEG C by hot extrusion
Footpath is 16mm copper rod.
Step 2, obtained aluminium bar is obtained into a diameter of 0.8mm aluminium wire by multiple cold drawing, obtained copper rod is led to
Cross multiple cold drawing and obtain a diameter of 0.8mm copper wire, each drawing deformation amount is no more than 80%.Aluminium wire is carried out at destressing
Reason, destressing processing are carried out under conditions of 1.5h is incubated in 545 DEG C；Copper wire is subjected to destressing processing, copper wire is gone
Stress processing is carried out under conditions of 1.9h is incubated in 860 DEG C.
Step 3, the electric current distribution curve of the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor of printing is calculated by computer, designs inner core aluminium lamination
Thickness and outsourcing copper layer thickness.Using electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment, the aluminium wire after destressing and copper wire are sent to the electricity
Printed in beamlet wire feed 3D printing equipment, the wire feed diameter of aluminium wire and copper wire is 0.8mm, and the wire feed rate of aluminium wire is
14Kg/h, the wire feed rate of copper wire is 27kg/h.Tentatively obtain metal composite electric-conductor；Described electron beam wire feed 3D printing is set
Standby print job temperature is 580 DEG C, and melting zone temperature is 1200 DEG C, beam spot 0.28mm.After step 3, tentatively
Obtain Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor.
Step 4, the Copper-Aluminum compound electric-conductor tentatively obtained is heat-treated, the process of the heat treatment is in 450 DEG C
4.9h is incubated, 155 DEG C of insulation 3.8h is then cooled to, finally gives qualified metal composite electric-conductor.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every to utilize this hair
The equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion that bright description is made, or directly or indirectly it is used in other related technology necks
Domain, similarly it is included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of preparation method of metal composite electric-conductor, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1, the first ingot is obtained into the first metal bar by hot extrusion, the second ingot is obtained second by hot extrusion
Metal bar, the first described ingot are aluminium ingot, and the second ingot is copper ingot；
Step 2, the first metal bar extruded is obtained into the first wire by cold drawing, the second metal bar extruded is led to
Cross cold drawing and obtain the second wire, the cold drawing of the first metal bar, the second metal bar is to a diameter of by multiple tracks cold drawing
0.1-3mm, each drawing deformation amount are no more than 80%；
Step 3, using electron beam wire feed 3D printing equipment, the first wire aluminium wire and the second wire copper wire are sent to the electricity
Printed in beamlet wire feed 3D printing equipment, the melting zone temperature in the 3D printing equipment is 1100-1400 DEG C, and 3D printing is set
Standby print job temperature is 500-600 DEG C, and beam spot is between 0.1-0.5mm, the wire feed speed of the first wire aluminium wire
Spend for 3-15Kg/h, the wire feed rate of the second wire copper wire is 5-30kg/h, tentatively obtains the gold of inner core aluminium lamination outsourcing layers of copper
Belong to composite conducting part；
Step 4, metal composite electric-conductor being heat-treated, the process of the heat treatment is that 4-5h is incubated in 400-450 DEG C,
Then 150-200 DEG C of insulation 2-4h is cooled to, that is, obtains qualified metal composite electric-conductor；
Wherein, after the completion of step 2, the first obtained wire and the second wire is subjected to destressing processing respectively, entered back into
Step 3, the first wire destressing processing is carried out under conditions of 1-3h is incubated in 500-550 DEG C, the second metal
Silk destressing processing is carried out under conditions of 1-2h is incubated in 700-900 DEG C.
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