CN105953737A - Bridge structure deformation automatic measurement method - Google Patents
Bridge structure deformation automatic measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105953737A CN105953737A CN201610305631.3A CN201610305631A CN105953737A CN 105953737 A CN105953737 A CN 105953737A CN 201610305631 A CN201610305631 A CN 201610305631A CN 105953737 A CN105953737 A CN 105953737A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
Abstract
The invention relates to a bridge structure deformation automatic measurement method. A system adopted comprises a PSD tilt angle sensor. The wireless PSD tilt angle sensor, which serves as the core component of the system, comprises a ray machine part, a signal processing part, a main processor MCU, and a signal transceiver unit. The MCU is connected with a wireless transceiver unit, a signal conditioning circuit and an LED. The signal conditioning circuit is connected with a PSD. The ray machine part comprises a gravity pendulum composed of a mass block, a point light source, a PSD sensor and a corresponding installation structure. The point light source is arranged in the middle position of the mass block. The top of the mass block is connected with a suspension fiber. The invention puts forward a low-cost wireless bridge deflection monitoring system which adopts a precision PSD tilt angle measuring technology, a low-power sensor technology, a wireless communication networking technology and an Internet technology and is suitable for field application, and the system can be used conveniently as needed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bridge structure deformation method for automatic measurement, belong to bridge structure deformation measurement technical field.
Background technology
Along with expanding economy and science and technology constantly improve, the health monitoring of bridge structure is increasingly by engineering technological
Pay attention to.The life of the security relationship people, property safety, social stability and the sustained economic development of bridge structure, the most right
It carries out safety monitoring work, implements the management of science, is to ensure that the important measures of its safe operation.
Bridge is the important infrastructure of country, and bridge is important civil engineering facility, and it is in whole traffic system
Playing a part crucial hinge and control node, the bridge existing defects of about 1/3rd, the bridge more than 1/10th exists
Fault of construction.Along with more structures are new, span is big, the construction of extra heavy big bridge and putting into effect, and a large amount of builds in the past
Bridge run for a long time, and bridge operation conditions is grasped the demand that day by day improves by people.The detection of bridge, monitoring become
Must become more and more important.
Deflection of bridge span be weigh bridge health situation key factor, be evaluate bridge health situation, safety important
Index.Main Girder Deflection change is reflection bridge stiffness variation and the important parameter carrying out internal force status analysis and assessment, is also structure
The important indicator of safe early warning.Therefore, either health monitoring project or routine examination project, to deflection of bridge span Parameters variation
Measurement, all have very important significance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of novel bridge deflection measurement technology, and based on PSD high-precision tilt angle sensor, bridge is scratched
Degree measures modeling technique, and wireless sensor network, the bridge structure deformation automatic measurement technology of wireless technology of Internet of things and
Device.The present invention proposes a kind of precise tilt angle measurement technology that uses, low-power consumption sensor technology, and wireless communication networking technology is with mutual
Networking technology is suitable for the wireless bridge flexiblity monitor system of the low cost of scene application.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows.
A kind of bridge structure deformation method for automatic measurement, the system used includes wireless PSD obliquity sensor, wireless
PSD obliquity sensor is as the core component of native system, and it includes x ray machine part, signal processing, primary processor MCU and letter
Number Transmit-Receive Unit, the upper connection of MCU has wireless transmit/receive units, signal conditioning circuit and LED, and signal conditioning circuit connects PSD.
Its x ray machine part includes that gravity bob, point source and PSD sensor that mass constitutes and corresponding mounting structure are constituted, and puts light
Source is arranged on mass centre position, and mass top connects suspension；Light source is had, in light source projects to PSD on suspension；When having
The when of inclination angle, the position of light source projects to PSD can change, and PSD photoelectricity part is just able to detect that the position that light projects
Put；X ray machine part realizes angular surveying based on this principle.
One-dimensional PSD detects a bright spot and moves the surface in the unique direction at it.The photoelectric current Liu Jing that incident illumination causes
Equipment, is divided into two output electric currents as input bias current.The distribution of output electric current demonstrates the hot spot position of detector
Put.PSD is the simulation test technology of a high-acruracy survey, and in the case of low cost, PSD certainty of measurement is up to 10mm, high
Measure of precision can reach 1 μm.Precision analysis is following (Fig. 2):
tan(a)=d/L
a=arctan(d/L)
In the case of a angle is little, a ≈ d/L.
D (a)=d (d/L), wherein L is constant.Therefore angle-measurement accuracy is converted into positional accuracy measurement, it is assumed that L=
300mm, PSD precision 10 μm, then minimum angles is 0.01/300=3e-5(radian), that is to say 0.002 degree.
Measure angular range, measure angle b, PSD a size of D, tan (b)=D/2L.The dimension D measuring angle and PSD has
Close, D can be changed in the case of not changing certainty of measurement by increase PSD size and i.e. can change measurement angular range.
Signal processing is primarily referred to as PSD signal and processes, and adc data change-over circuit, PSD is measured by signal processing circuit
Photosignal is digitized, and by integration and ADC, the signal after amplifying PSD is digitized.Digitized signal by
MCU carries out data acquisition, stores after collection, and output, to wireless signal Transmit-Receive Unit, wireless signal Transmit-Receive Unit, will receive
Signal be sent to gateway.Sensor also includes the power supply that battery is constituted, powers for a long time to realize battery, sensor
MCU also carries out low-power consumption management to power supply, it is achieved the low-power consumption of whole sensor, it is to avoid any unnecessary waste of energy and damage
Lose.Battery selects high-performance, the lithium Asia battery of Low dark curient.Lithium thionyl chloride cell chemical name is Li OCl2, referred to as lithium
Sub-battery.Due to the chemical characteristic that it is special, passivation effect, within its year, self-discharge current is less than 1%, reach storage life 10 years with
On.
MCU selects Cortex-M0+, the ARM Cortex-M0+ processor of high-performance low-power-consumption.Support that ARMv6M refers to
Order collection, this can wide variety of intelligence sensor and intelligence control system through the Cortex-M0+ processor optimized, it is provided that
Super low-power consumption, low cost microcontroller (MCU).32 Cortex-M0+ processors have employed low cost 90 nanometer low-power consumption (LP)
Technique, power consumption only 9 μ A/MHz, the most current main flow 8 or 1/3rd of 16 bit processors, but it is provided that higher property
Energy.
Wireless telecommunications use FSK(Frequency-shift keying)-frequency shift keying is that the frequency utilizing carrier wave changes
Transmit digital information.It is to utilize the discrete characteristics taking value of baseband digital signal to go keyed carrier frequency to transmit the one of information
Digital modulation technique.Its working frequency range is selected and is met the ISM band that China's radio management specifies, ISM (Industrial
Scientific Medical) Band, this frequency range is the most open uses to industry, science, three principal organ of medical science, should
Frequency range is based on US Federal Communication Committee (FCC) and is defined out, in the case of thinking, wireless measurement node have low-power consumption,
Distance feature, it is easy to different sensors interface.What the radio band that this application selects was less than 1GHz exempts from license ISM(work
Industry, scientific research and medical) frequency range.
Gateway (Gateway) is also known as gateway, protocol converter.Gateway in Internet implementation above network interconnection,
It is the most complicated network interconnection apparatus, network interconnection, is only used for two different network interconnections of upper-layer protocol.The function of the gateway of this project is
The data completed upload to the effect in network.Gateway plays the function of protocol conversion.In the present invention, the hardware designs of gateway sets
Meter needs to be divided into following module composition, sensor communication radio-cell to receive and dispatch the communication relevant with sensor.Clock is
System provides the precision standard time to support, the data of collection are transmitted by GPRS transmission unit by means of mobile communication network.
Gateway also includes that the data that memory buffer collects, battery and power management unit carry out the management of low-power consumption to system.Net
The software design closed includes, sensor communication agreement and carried out the GPRS communications protocol of data communication by mobile network, based on
The TCP/IP communications protocol of GPRS.
A wireless sensor network is constituted between sensor and base station.
Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN) is a kind of distributed sensor, it
Tip be can with perception and check the external world sensor.Sensor in WSN wirelessly communicates, therefore network
Arranging flexibly, device location can be changed at any time, it is also possible to the Internet carries out the connection of wired or wireless mode.Wireless sensing
Device network generally uses star, tree-like or MESH network to carry out the mode of communication.The present invention uses star network.
Wireless sensor network communications protocol, in the present invention, wireless sensor network communications protocol is measured according to wireless tilt
Low data rate and the feature of low sampling rate, select be designed based on the basis of MODBUS communications protocol.And use secondary to hold
Mobile phone system ensures the reliability and stability of data transmission.
GPRS transmission unit uses the module being embedded in TCP/IP communications protocol to realize, and in gateway application, TCP/IP is can
The connection leaned on, but GPRS is not the most to connect reliably, in order to ensure the stability connected, reliability.GPRS communication is also adopted by really
Recognize mechanism.
Invention software exploitation overall framework uses B/S Development Framework, and data base uses MySQL database.The reality of system
Existing function is as follows:
1) data acquisition: complete gateway and collect the work such as data parsing, classification warehouse-in.
2) user's management: include that user registers, user right, user role etc. manages.Use three grades of rights managements.
3) equipment control: include the foundation of equipment, is arranged, and deletes, Physical Quantity Calculation formula, attribute, warning numerical value, equipment
Sampling arrange.
4) data show with inquiry: data show it is to show on webpage from data base's called data, and data show
Including curve, list, the mode such as block diagram shows.Data query is specified sensor, it is intended that carries out data in time range and looks into
Ask.
5) data analysis and alert data analysis include data trend analysis, the ratio equity of data, and alarming value sets
Output with alarming value.
6) model is set up: build different types of bridge model.
7) data output etc.: data output includes the functions such as data sheet, data derivation.
This beneficial effect of the invention is: the present invention proposes a kind of precise tilt angle measurement technology that uses, low-power consumption sensing
Device technology, wireless communication networking technology and Internet technology are suitable for the wireless bridge deflection monitoring system of the low cost of scene application
System, conveniently uses as required.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Functions of modules block diagram in Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention.
PSD obliquity sensor in Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention measures amount of deflection schematic diagram.
Mechanical-optical setup schematic diagram in Fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention.
PSD signal in Fig. 4, the embodiment of the present invention processes circuit diagram
Gateway annexation schematic diagram in Fig. 5, the embodiment of the present invention.
Gateway circuit schematic diagram in Fig. 6, the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described, in order to be better understood from the present invention.
Embodiment
Bridge structure deformation method for automatic measurement in the embodiment of the present invention, the system used includes that wireless tilt senses
Device, wireless tilt angle sensor as the core component of native system, it include x ray machine part, signal processing, primary processor and
Signal transmitting and receiving unit, the functions of modules block diagram being illustrated in figure 1 in the embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 2 is the PSD in the embodiment of the present invention
Obliquity sensor measures amount of deflection schematic diagram.Fig. 3 is the mechanical-optical setup schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.The upper connection of MCU has wireless
Transmit-Receive Unit, signal conditioning circuit and LED, signal conditioning circuit connects and has PSD.Its x ray machine part includes what mass was constituted
Gravity bob, point source and PSD sensor and corresponding mounting structure are constituted, and point source is arranged on mass centre position, matter
Gauge block 2 top connects suspension 3.Light source 1, light source 1 is had to project on PSD on suspension.When having inclination angle when, light source projects arrives
The position of PSD can change, and PSD photoelectricity part is just able to detect that the position that light projects.X ray machine part is based on this principle
Realize angular surveying.
Fig. 4 is that the PSD signal in the embodiment of the present invention processes circuit diagram.Signal processing is primarily referred to as PSD letter
Number process, adc data change-over circuit.PSD is measured photosignal and is digitized by signal processing circuit, by integration and ADC,
Signal after amplifying PSD is digitized.Digitized signal is carried out data acquisition by MCU, stores after collection, output
To wireless signal Transmit-Receive Unit, wireless signal Transmit-Receive Unit, the signal received is sent to gateway.Sensor also includes battery
The power supply constituted, powers for a long time in order to realize battery, and sensor MCU also carries out low-power consumption management to power supply, it is achieved whole
The low-power consumption of sensor, it is to avoid any unnecessary waste of energy and loss.Battery selects high-performance, the lithium Asia electricity of Low dark curient
Pond.Lithium thionyl chloride cell chemical name is Li OCl2, referred to as lithium Asia battery.Due to the chemical characteristic that it is special, blunt
Changing effect, within its year, self-discharge current is less than 1%, reaches more than 10 years storage life.
MCU selects Cortex-M0+, the ARM Cortex-M0+ processor of high-performance low-power-consumption.Support that ARMv6M refers to
Order collection, this can wide variety of intelligence sensor and intelligence control system through the Cortex-M0+ processor optimized, it is provided that
Super low-power consumption, low cost microcontroller (MCU).32 Cortex-M0+ processors have employed low cost 90 nanometer low-power consumption (LP)
Technique, power consumption only 9 μ A/MHz, the most current main flow 8 or 1/3rd of 16 bit processors, but it is provided that higher property
Energy.
Wireless telecommunications use FSK(Frequency-shift keying)-frequency shift keying is that the frequency utilizing carrier wave changes
Transmit digital information.It is to utilize the discrete characteristics taking value of baseband digital signal to go keyed carrier frequency to transmit the one of information
Digital modulation technique.Its working frequency range is selected and is met the ISM band that China's radio management specifies, ISM (Industrial
Scientific Medical) Band, this frequency range is the most open uses to industry, science, three principal organ of medical science, should
Frequency range is based on US Federal Communication Committee (FCC) and is defined out, in the case of thinking, wireless measurement node have low-power consumption,
Distance feature, it is easy to different sensors interface.What the radio band that this application selects was less than 1GHz exempts from license ISM(work
Industry, scientific research and medical) frequency range.
Fig. 5 is the gateway annexation schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 6 is the gateway circuit in the embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.Gateway (Gateway) is also known as gateway, protocol converter.Gateway, in Internet implementation above network interconnection, is
The most complicated network interconnection apparatus, network interconnection, is only used for two different network interconnections of upper-layer protocol.The function of the gateway of this project has been
The data become upload to the effect in network.Gateway plays the function of protocol conversion.In the present invention, the hardware designs design of gateway
Need to be divided into following module composition, sensor communication radio-cell to receive and dispatch the communication relevant with sensor.Clock is for being
System provides the precision standard time to support, the data of collection are transmitted by GPRS transmission unit by means of mobile communication network.Net
Close and also include that the data that memory buffer collects, battery and power management unit carry out the management of low-power consumption to system.
The software design of gateway includes, sensor communication agreement and carried out the GPRS communication of data communication by mobile network
Agreement, TCP/IP communications protocol based on GPRS.
A wireless sensor network is constituted between sensor and base station.
Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN) is a kind of distributed sensor, it
Tip be can with perception and check the external world sensor.Sensor in WSN wirelessly communicates, therefore network
Arranging flexibly, device location can be changed at any time, it is also possible to the Internet carries out the connection of wired or wireless mode.Wireless sensing
Device network generally uses star, tree-like or MESH network to carry out the mode of communication.The present invention uses star network.
Wireless sensor network communications protocol, in the present invention, wireless sensor network communications protocol is measured according to wireless tilt
Low data rate and the feature of low sampling rate, select be designed based on the basis of MODBUS communications protocol.And use secondary to hold
Mobile phone system ensures the reliability and stability of data transmission.
GPRS transmission unit uses the module being embedded in TCP/IP communications protocol to realize, and in gateway application, TCP/IP is can
The connection leaned on, but GPRS is not the most to connect reliably, in order to ensure the stability connected, reliability.GPRS communication is also adopted by really
Recognize mechanism.
Invention software exploitation overall framework uses B/S Development Framework, and data base uses MySQL database.The reality of system
Existing function is as follows:
1) data acquisition: complete gateway and collect the work such as data parsing, classification warehouse-in.
2) user's management: include that user registers, user right, user role etc. manages.Use three grades of rights managements.
3) equipment control: include the foundation of equipment, is arranged, and deletes, Physical Quantity Calculation formula, attribute, warning numerical value, equipment
Sampling arrange.
4) data show with inquiry: data show it is to show on webpage from data base's called data, and data show
Including curve, list, the mode such as block diagram shows.Data query is specified sensor, it is intended that carries out data in time range and looks into
Ask.
5) data analysis and alert data analysis include data trend analysis, the ratio equity of data, and alarming value sets
Output with alarming value.
6) model is set up: build different types of bridge model.
7) data output etc.: data output includes the functions such as data sheet, data derivation.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, it is also possible to make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a bridge structure deformation method for automatic measurement, it is characterised in that: the system used includes wireless tilt angle sensor,
Wireless tilt angle sensor as the core component of native system, it include x ray machine part, signal processing, primary processor MCU and
Signal transmitting and receiving unit, the upper connection of MCU has wireless transmit/receive units, signal conditioning circuit and LED, and signal conditioning circuit connects to be had
PSD；Its x ray machine part includes that gravity bob, point source and PSD sensor that mass constitutes and corresponding mounting structure are constituted,
Point source is arranged on mass centre position, and mass top connects suspension；Light source is had, in light source projects to PSD on suspension；
When having inclination angle when, the position of light source projects to PSD can change, and PSD photoelectricity part is just able to detect that light projects
Position；X ray machine part realizes angular surveying based on this principle.
Bridge structure the most according to claim 1 deformation method for automatic measurement, it is characterised in that: described signal processing
Being primarily referred to as PSD signal to process, adc data change-over circuit, PSD is measured photosignal and is digitized by signal processing circuit,
By integration and ADC, the signal after amplifying PSD is digitized；Digitized signal is carried out data acquisition by MCU, gathers
After store, output to wireless signal Transmit-Receive Unit, wireless signal Transmit-Receive Unit, the signal received is sent to gateway；Pass
Also including the power supply that battery is constituted in sensor, power for a long time to realize battery, sensor MCU also carries out low merit to power supply
Consumption management, it is achieved the low-power consumption of whole sensor；Battery selects high-performance, the lithium Asia battery of Low dark curient.
Bridge structure the most according to claim 1 deformation method for automatic measurement, it is characterised in that: described MCU selects high property
Cortex-M0+, the ARM Cortex-M0+ processor of energy low-power consumption.
Bridge structure the most according to claim 1 deformation method for automatic measurement, it is characterised in that: described wireless telecommunications use
FSK(Frequency-shift keying)-frequency shift keying be utilize carrier wave frequency change transmit digital information.
Bridge structure the most according to claim 1 deformation method for automatic measurement, it is characterised in that: described system is provided with net
Close, between sensor and base station, constitute a wireless sensor network；Use star network；Wireless sensor network communications protocol
The low data rate measured according to wireless tilt and the feature of low sampling rate, select and set based on the basis of MODBUS communications protocol
Meter, and use secondary handshake mechanism to ensure the reliability and stability of data transmission；GPRS transmission unit uses and is embedded in TCP/
The module of IP communications protocol realizes, and GPRS communication is also adopted by affirmation mechanism.
Bridge structure the most according to claim 1 deformation method for automatic measurement, it is characterised in that: described invention software is opened
Sending out overall framework and use B/S Development Framework, data base uses MySQL database；The function of the realization of system is as follows:
1) data acquisition: complete gateway and collect the work such as data parsing, classification warehouse-in；
2) user's management: include that user registers, user right, user role etc. manages；Use three grades of rights managements；
3) equipment control: include the foundation of equipment, is arranged, and deletes, Physical Quantity Calculation formula, attribute, warning numerical value, adopting of equipment
Sample is arranged；
4) data show with inquiry: data show it is to show on webpage from data base's called data, and data show and include
Curve, list, the mode such as block diagram shows；Data query is specified sensor, it is intended that carry out data query in time range；
5) data analysis and warning: data analysis includes data trend analysis, the comparison of data, and alarming value set and report to the police
The output of value；
6) model is set up: build different types of bridge model；
7) data output etc.: data output includes data sheet, data export function.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610305631.3A CN105953737A (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2016-05-10 | Bridge structure deformation automatic measurement method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610305631.3A CN105953737A (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2016-05-10 | Bridge structure deformation automatic measurement method |
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| CN105953737A true CN105953737A (en) | 2016-09-21 |
Family
ID=56914327
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| CN201610305631.3A Pending CN105953737A (en) | 2016-05-10 | 2016-05-10 | Bridge structure deformation automatic measurement method |
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| CN106383014A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-02-08 | 广州瀚阳工程咨询有限公司 | System and method for automatically monitoring deformation of bridge bearer |
| WO2019056410A1 (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-28 | 山东大学 | Structure for monitoring stability of existing roadbed and slope, and construction method therefor |
| CN112361969A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Detection apparatus for suspension wire angularity for acceleration sensor |
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