CN105947138B - 一种景区旅游船 - Google Patents
一种景区旅游船 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105947138B CN105947138B CN201610338052.9A CN201610338052A CN105947138B CN 105947138 B CN105947138 B CN 105947138B CN 201610338052 A CN201610338052 A CN 201610338052A CN 105947138 B CN105947138 B CN 105947138B
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[Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004916 vomit Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
- B63B39/02—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by displacement of masses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
- B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
- B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
- B63B43/06—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability using ballast tanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
- B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
- B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
- B63B43/08—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability by transfer of solid ballast
Abstract
本发明公开了一种景区旅游船，包括船体，所述船体底部设置凹槽，所述凹槽内设置配重块，所述配重块通过升降机构与船体连接，所述船体两侧均设有平衡调节机构。所述升降机构为剪叉式电动升降机构，所述平衡调节机构包括设置在船体一侧的两个左右调节机构和设置在两个左右调节机构上的气囊，所述左右调节机构包括设置在船体一侧的电动推杆，所述船体上设有与气囊通过输气管连接的压缩机。能够在遇有风浪、或船体失衡、倾斜的情况下，有效地防止摇摆和侧翻，保证船舶行驶安全。
Description
一种景区旅游船
技术领域
[0001 ]本发明涉及船舶技术领域，特别涉及一种景区旅游船。
背景技术
[0002]随着社会文明的进步，船舶航行的安全愈来愈受到社会的重视。然而，目前航运及 旅游业界多偏重于航行操作技术及事故发生后的抢救技术方面的研宄，而疏于船体结构的 研宄。传统的船体结构普遍为前窄后宽、前部采用v型，并与中后部圆滑过渡。此结构的优点 是航行阻力小、速度快、动力消耗少。但其抗侧翻能力较差，船舶的摇摆，可能产生六个自由 度的运动即：横荡，纵荡，艏摇，横摇，纵摇，垂荡。船舶在外力作用下，即在风浪作用下作周 期性的左右横摇和前后摇摆的运动，称为摇摆性。船舶摇摆性是一种有害的性能，剧烈的摇 荡会抗低航速，造成货损，损坏船体和机器，使旅客晕船，影响船员生活和工作等。晕船时感 觉上腹不适，继有恶心、面色苍白、出冷汗，旋即有眩晕、精神抑郁、唾液分泌增多和呕吐等 反应。因此，抗低船舶航行中摇摆十分必要。
[0003]近期以来，有一些抗沉、抗翻的船体技术公开，但由不同的因素少有得到很好的推 广。譬如:CN102806982A公开了一种不沉的游船，其在游艇的底密仓内，尽设彼此相粘接的 小皮球，以实现船破损后凭那么多小皮球的浮力，可使船永不沉没的目的。该技术虽然在船 破损时可以阻碍船体的下沉，但在船体不破损的情况下该结构则无以发挥作用，不能减阻 因重心偏移或风浪导致的船体摇摆和侧翻，且在船体摇摆时反而容易加快180°翻船的速 度，加剧灾害的破坏性。
[0004] CN202783726U公开了一种船舶防摇摆装置，其在船体底部固定装有电机，电机轴 上装有轮片，船体内驾驶室操纵台上装有调速手柄，以便根据水上风浪大小调节轮片转速。 该技术通过对船下水体的搅拌阻尼船体的摇摆，不够理想的是需要消耗较多的动力，而且 对船舶行驶方向的控制带来不利的影响;其次，该结构对于水浪向船体上部的冲击阻尼作 用微小，故而克服船体摇摆的效果不甚理想。
[0005] 有鉴于此，美国专利US 769,493A与US 769,693A提出利用陀螺仪特性来达到 船舶稳定的装置，该稳定装置主要是具有一底座，该底座上是设有一马达，该马达是连接 有一飞轮，并可利用该马达驱动该飞轮不断转动，使该飞轮产生角动量，通过此，当该船舶 受波浪拍打而倾斜时，依照力学原理，该飞轮将会产生一回复力矩使该船舶回正，而能够 达到稳定船舶的效果，然而，根据力学公式，回复力矩等于转动惯量乘以转动速度，换言 之，该飞轮需要具有足够的转动惯量与转动速度才能有效稳定该船舶，因此该稳定装置必 须采用重量较重的飞轮，以及使用较大马力的马达来驱动该飞轮，如美国专利6,973,847 与美国专利公开号2007/0157749A1所示，该专利案即是使用不同技术来减少该飞轮的转 动阻力，以提升该飞轮的转速，然而前述传统方法都会导致该稳定装置不仅体积庞大且重 量可观，而具有不易安装的缺点，以及无法应用于空间有限的船舱内的缺憾，同时该飞轮采 用一体成型制作也具有相当高的技术困难度，经济效益较差。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明所要解决的问题在于克服现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种景区旅游船，能 够在遇有风浪、或船体失衡、倾斜的情况下，有效地防止摇摆和侧翻，保证船舶行驶安全。
[0007] 为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采取的技术方案是:一种景区旅游船，包括船体， 所述船体底部设置凹槽，所述凹槽内设置配重块，所述配重块通过升降机构与船体连接，所 述船体两侧均设有平衡调节机构，所述配重块两侧设置凹槽。
[0008] 进一步的，所述升降机构为剪叉式电动升降机构，
[0009] 进一步的，所述平衡调节机构包括设置在船体一侧的两个左右调节机构和设置在 两个左右调节机构上的气囊，所述左右调节机构包括设置在船体一侧的电动推杆，所述船 体上设有与气囊通过输气管连接的压缩机。
[0010] 进一步的，所述气囊采用高压气瓶供气，高压气瓶设有电磁阀，所述高压气瓶与压 缩机连接，高压气瓶上设有压力传感器，当高压气瓶内压力低于设定值，控制器控制压缩机 对气瓶加压。
[0011]进一步的，所述输气管上设有气囊泄压阀。
[0012]进一步的，所述配重块采用纺锤状结构。
[0013]进一步的，所述配重块两侧为平面结构。
[0014]进一步的，所述配重块为不锈钢耐腐蚀材料件。
[0015]进一步的，所述配重块设置摇摆调节机构，所述摇摆调节机构包括中空结构的配 重块、设置在配重块内的压缩机和设置在配重块上的排气电磁阀。
[0016]进一步的，所述升降机构采用手动升降机构，手动升降机构包括剪叉式升降件，所 述配重块设置绳环，该绳环通过拉绳连接有绕绳滚筒。
[0017] 一种景区旅游船航行方法，包括以下步骤：当船体发生摇摆时，可编程控制器控制 剪叉式升降件伸开，带动配重块向下移动，直到船体平稳；
[0018] 若剪叉式升降件伸开到最长时，此时配重块达到最大吃水深度，船体依然摇摆的 话，可编程控制器控制电磁阀打开，压缩机工作将水带入配重块内从而调节配种块的重量， 通过调节配重块的重量，当船体稳定后，可编程控制器关闭电磁阀；当船舶行驶到平静水 面，可编程控制器控制控制剪叉式升降件收缩，使配重块位于船体凹槽内，此时可编程控制 器控制电磁阀打开，压缩机工作使配重块内压力增大将配重块内水排出。
[0019] 不锈钢耐腐蚀材料件的化学成分为:其化学成分为:0.01-0.03%的C、0 • 1-0 • 5%的 SiU-29(^Mn、0.01-〇.〇49_P、0.〇〇l-〇_〇〇39(^S、l〇-159{^Cr、3-59{^Ni、0.5-3.59{^Mo、 0 • 1-0 • 5%的Ti、3 • 5-4%的W、余量为 Fe。
[002°]本发明的有益效果是：
[0021]丨）本发明在船体的底部的凹槽内，在船体发生两侧沉浮摇摆及摇摆时，配重块可 以对摇摆的幅度起到阻尼作用，使船体逐渐趋于平稳，进而可以防止船体的侧翻;更为重要 的是船体在平静的水面行驶时，配重块位于凹槽内，不会对船体形成阻力，船体运行稳定节 能。
[0022] 2)在配重块两侧可设置平面，既可减小配重块对船舶行进的阻力，在船体摇摆带 动配重块左右摆动时，平面结构在水体中可以产生更大的阻力，对消除摇摆发挥更好的作 用。
[0023] 3)在配重块两侧设置凹槽，利于增大水体对配重块摆动的阻力，对船体摇摆的阻 尼效果进一步提高。
[0024] 4)配重块设置手动升降机构，在船体供电出现问题时，则可通过手柄的操作，控制 配重块的吃水深度，以适应不同深度水区的航行，获得较佳的防摇摆效果，且具有结构简 单，操作方便，可靠性强等优点。
[0025] 5)升降机构为剪叉式电动升降机构，则可通过可编程控制器控制液压缸工作，带 动剪叉式升降件伸长或收缩，控制配重块的吃水深度，以适应不同深度水区的航行，获得较 佳的防摇摆效果，且具有结构简单，操作方便，可靠性强等优点。
[0026] 6)配重块设置摇摆调节机构，在通过电动调节配重块的吃水深度的同时，配重块 为中空结构，可编程控制器控制电磁阀打开，压缩机工作将水带入配重块内从而调节配种 块的重量，在配重块达到最大吃水深度后，通过调节配重块的重量，配重块升降机构和摇摆 调节两者起到良好的协同作用，从而使船舶运行更加稳定；当船舶行驶到平静水面，可编程 控制器控制电磁阀打开，压缩机工作使配重块内压力增大将配重块内水排出，中空结构的 配种块一方面能够增加船体的浮力，另一方面能够起到良好的抗摇摆作用；当船体仍然倾 斜或摇摆时，可编程控制器控制四个电动推杆工作，将船体两侧的气囊伸开，压缩机给气囊 充气，使气囊向下膨胀并移动与水面接触，使船体平稳。
附图说明
[0027] 下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述：
[0028]图1是本发明的结构示意图；
[0029]图2是本发明侧视结构示意图；
[0030] 图3是图1中A处左右调节机构结构示意图。
具体实施方式
[0031] 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
[0032] 实施例一:如图1、2、3所示，一种景区旅游船，包括船体1，所述船体1底部设置凹槽 10,所述凹槽10内设置配重块9,所述配重块9通过升降机构与船体1连接，所述升降机构为 剪叉式电动升降机构，剪叉式电动升降机构采用湖南宝牛机械设备有限公司生产的牛力牌 SJG1.0T升降平台-牛力机械。电动控制升降省时省力，升降速度快，精确度高。所述船体两 侧均设有平衡调节机构。
[0033]所述平衡调节机构包括设置在船体1 一侧的两个左右调节机构19和设置在两个左 右调节机构上的气囊17,所述左右调节机构包括设置在船体1 一侧的电动推杆13,所述船体 1上设有与气囊17通过输气管连接的压缩机12。
[0034]所述气囊采用高压气瓶20供气，高压气瓶2〇设有电磁阀，用于给气囊充气，所述高 压气瓶与压缩机连接，高压气瓶上设有压力传感器，当高压气瓶内压力低于设定值，控制器 控制压缩机对气瓶加压。高压气瓶给气囊充气。使气囊I7膨胀并向下移动，控制电动伸缩杆 审出的距离，从而调节气囊的排水量，调节气囊的浮力，使船体不在倾斜或摇摆。
[0035]所述船体两侧设有与船体较接的横杆15,船体一侧设置两个横杆15,横杆伸开后 压在气囊上，防止气囊弯曲，增加气囊的结构强度。两个横杆自由端卡接，结构更加牢固。 [0036]所述气囊17上侧右端与电动推杆13的自由端固定连接，气囊上侧与电动推杆的套 圈14连接，在电动推杆向外伸出时，电动推杆的自由端将气囊拉出伸开，气囊均布在两个电 动推杆之间。
[0037]所述配重块采用两端尖细中间为圆柱状的纺锤状结构，可以减小其对船舶行驶的 阻力。
[0038]所述配重块和升降机构为不镑钢耐腐蚀材料件。
[0039]所述配重块设置摇摆调节机构，所述摇摆调节机构包括中空结构的配重块9、设置 在配重块9内的压缩机7和设置在配重块上的排气电磁阀8。压缩机7也可设置在船上，压缩 机通过输气管与配重块内腔连接。
[0040]配重块可采用生铁或不锈钢等密度较大且不易锈蚀的材料制做。
[0041] 一种景区旅游船航行方法，包括以下步骤：当船体发生摇摆时，可编程控制器控制 剪叉式升降件伸开，带动配重块向下移动，直到船体平稳；
[0042]若剪叉式升降件伸开到最长时，此时配重块达到最大吃水深度，船体依然摇摆的 话，可编程控制器控制电磁阀打开，压缩机工作将水带入配重块内从而调节配种块的重量， 通过调节配重块的重量，当船体稳定后，可编程控制器关闭电磁阀；当船舶行驶到平静水 面，可编程控制器控制控制剪叉式升降件收缩，使配重块位于船体凹槽内，此时可编程控制 器控制电磁阀打开，压缩机工作使配重块内压力增大将配重块内水排出。
[0043] 实施例二:作为实施例一的改进，配重块9两侧可设置平面。这种结构既可减小配 重块9对船舶行进的阻力，特别是在船体1摇摆带动配重块9左右摆动时，平面结构在水中可 以产生更大的阻力，对消除摇摆发挥更好的作用。
[0044] 实施例三:作为实施例一的改进，可在配重块9两侧设置凹槽。由于水体对凹槽摆 动的阻力大于平面，因此可使配重块9的摆动阻力进一步加大，对船体1摇摆的阻尼效果更 优于平面结构。
[0045]实施例四与实施例1的区别为，所述升降机构采用手动升降机构，手动升降机构包 括剪叉式升降件5,所述配重块设置绳环，该绳环通过拉绳连接有绕绳滚筒。配重块9吃水深 度越深，即其与船体1之间的距离越大，则其对船体1摇摆的阻尼力越大。然而航行水道的水 体深浅常有不同，如果配重块9吃水过深，则在潜水航道行驶会有安全隐患。吃水深度调节 机构的设置即可较好的解决这一问题，当船舶在深水航道行驶时，可将配重块9的吃水深度 调深一些，反之则调浅一些，如此即能保证船舶行驶的安全，又可获得较佳的抗摇摆效果。 其具体可采用拉绳6调节，即在配重块9顶部中间位置设置一绳环，该绳环通过拉绳6与设置 在船体1上部一一比如操纵台上一一设置的绕绳滚筒3连接。需要调节减小配重块9的吃水 深度时，则可通过手柄2转动绕绳滚筒3，向上提拉配重块9;船舶在深水区行驶时，可加大配 重块9的吃水深度，以增加其对船体1摇摆的阻尼，此时可通过松开手柄2，由配重块9的自重 拉动绕绳滚筒3旋转来实现。当然，绕绳滚筒3可设置配重块9的吃水深度锁定机构，对配重 块9的吃水深度实施锁定;还可在拉绳6上设置标识配重块9吃水深度刻度标记，以直观地掌 握配重块9的吃水深度。图中标号4为滚筒支架。
[0046]实施例5与实施例1的区别是:不锈钢耐腐蚀材料件的化学成分为:其化学成分为： 0.0U9C、0.19{^Si、19^Mn、0.19{^P、0.001%^S、109{^Cr、39{^Ni、0_59{^Mo、0_19(^Ti、 3.5%的\?、余量为卩6。
[0047]实施例6与实施例1的区别是:不锈钢耐腐蚀材料件的化学成分为:其化学成分为： 0•03%的C、0•1-0•5%的Si、2%的Mn、0•04%的P、0•003%的S、15%的Cr、5%的Ni、3•5%的Mo、〇 5% 的Ti、4%的ff、余量为Fe。 ' •
[0048]实施例7与实施例1的区别是:不锈钢耐腐蚀材料件的化学成分为:其化学成分为： 0•02%的C、0•1-0•5%的 Si、1•5%的Mn、0.025%的P、0•002%的 S、13%的 Cr、4%的 Ni、2%的Mo、〇.3% 的TiN、3_8%的W、余量为Fe。
[OO49]采用实施例5-7制备的配重块与现有技术中的不锈钢配重块相比:A配重块采用本 发明实施例6的不锈钢材料制成，B配重块采用现有技术不锈钢材料制成，将六和8相同大小 的中空配重块放置在水面下10米，30天后，A配重块表面有轻微氧化，A表面未生锈;B配重块 氧化面积大，且有6%的面积生锈;其次将两个配重块同时下潜到30米深处进行耐压测试，A 配重块未发生形变，B配重块表面多处凹陷。
[0050]最后说明的是，本发明的装置可应用在各类船舶上，以上实施例仅用以说明本发 明的技术方案而非限制，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等 同替换，只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当 中。
Claims (5)
1. 一种景区旅游船，包括船体，其特征在于:所述船体底部设置凹槽，所述凹槽内设置 配重块，所述配重块通过升降机构与船体连接，所述船体两侧均设有平衡调节机构，所述配 重块两侧设置凹槽;所述配重块采用纺锤状结构;所述升降机构为剪叉式电动升降机构，其 包括剪叉式升降件;所述平衡调节机构包括分别设置在船体两侧的左、右调节机构和设置 在左、右调节机构上的气囊，所述左、右调节机构分别包括分别设置在船体一侧的电动推 杆，所述船体上设有与气囊通过输气管连接的压缩机;所述气囊采用高压气瓶供气，高压气 瓶设有电磁阀，所述高压气瓶与压缩机连接，高压气瓶上设有压力传感器，当高压气瓶内压 力低于设定值，控制器控制压缩机对气瓶加压，所述控制器为可编程控制器，所述配重块设 置摇摆调节机构，所述摇摆调节机构包括设置在配重块内的压缩机和设置在配重块上的排 气电磁阀，所述配重块为中空结构。
2. 如权利要求1所述的景区旅游船，其特征在于:所述升降机构采用手动升降机构，手 动升降机构包括剪叉式升降件，所述配重块设置绳环，该绳环通过拉绳连接有绕绳滚筒。
3.如权利要求2所述的景区旅游船，其特征在于:所述配重块为不锈钢耐腐蚀材料件。
4.如权利要求3所述的景区旅游船，其特征在于：不锈钢耐腐蚀材料件的化学成分为： 0.0卜0.03%的(：、0.1-0_5%的31、卜2%的胞、0_01-0.04%的？、0.001-0.003%的3、10-15%的〇、 3-5%的 Ni、0 • 5-3 • 5%的Mo、0 • 1-0 • 5%的Ti、3 • 5-4%的W、余量为 Fe。
5.—种如权利要求1_3任一项所述的景区旅游船的减摇方法，其特征在于:包括以下步 骤：当船体发生摇摆时，可编程控制器控制剪叉式升降件伸开，带动配重块向下移动，直到 船体平稳;若剪叉式升降件伸开到最长时，此时配重块达到最大吃水深度，船体依然摇摆的 话，可编程控制器控制配重块上的排气电磁阀打开，配重块内的压缩机工作将水带入配重 块内从而调节配种块的重量过调节配重块的重量，当船体稳定后，可编程控制器关闭配 重块上的排气电磁阀；当船舶行驶到平静水面，可编程控制器控制控制剪叉式升降件收缩， 使配重块位于船体凹槽内，此时可编程控制器控制配重块上的排气电磁阀打开，配重块内 的压缩机工作使配重块内压力增大将配重块内水排出。
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