CN105907630A - Large-sized methane solid fermentation apparatus and usage thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device, which includes a fermentation area and a UASB reactor arranged on one side of the fermentation area, the UASB reactor includes a reactor body, and reactors are respectively arranged on the top of the reactor body The exhaust port and the reactor liquid outlet, the reactor liquid inlet is provided at the bottom, and the three-phase separator is arranged inside; the fermentation area includes multiple groups of fermentation tanks built underground, and each group of fermentation tanks includes several groups of fermentation tanks covered with light-transmitting The fermentation tank of the shed, the fermentation tank is cylindrical, and the center is provided with a pipeline-type column, the upper end of the column extends from the upper part of the fermentation tank, the lower end of the column extends into the bottom of the fermentation tank, and the lower end of the column is covered A filter cover is provided, and a beam platform is formed by laying several pedals between the column and the support. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has simple structure and reasonable design, not only saves space, but also has a UASB reactor for secondary fermentation of biogas slurry, which improves resource utilization efficiency of biogas slurry raw materials.

Description

A large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device and its application method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of rural energy reuse, in particular to a large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device and a use method thereof.

Background technique

With the development of our country's economy and social progress, the life of urban residents has been further improved, but there are still many problems in the life of rural residents. In order to build a well-off society in an all-round way, it is very necessary to build a new socialist countryside, which requires the grand goal of developing rural ecological agricultural production methods, improving the rural environment, and increasing farmers' income. Among them, the comprehensive utilization of biogas digesters is an important way to change the rural environment. The construction of a biogas digester can be used for about 20 years. The comprehensive utilization of biogas digesters can not only save energy, improve and protect the environment, but also save chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and increase crop production. And quality, promote and drive the development of the breeding industry and many other benefits. As a new energy source, biogas has been vigorously advocated by the country and regarded as an important development goal in rural areas. Traditional biogas digesters are built on the ground, which not only takes up a lot of space, but also is not conducive to winter heat preservation and safe overwintering; the shape is rectangular, because there are four corners, the construction is relatively difficult, and the force in the biogas digester is likely to be uneven, and the output is uneven. Convenience; it is inconvenient to stir the biogas tank on the ground, not only need to set up an elevated shelf above the biogas tank for stirring, but also it is inconvenient to feed. The solid-state anaerobic fermentation process has developed rapidly at home and abroad in recent years. It uses anaerobic microorganisms to decompose biomass organic units under mild conditions. Biogas is flammable and has the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It is considered and proved by life cycle analysis to be one of the most important and promising biomass energy utilization technologies. A treatment process with mature and feasible technology, which not only solves the problem of environmental pollution, but also achieves better economic benefits.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned defects, the object of the present invention is to provide a large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device, which is not only convenient for construction, but also helps to improve the fermentation efficiency of the biogas digester, and can also ensure heat preservation in winter and improve the resource utilization efficiency of fermentation raw materials.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using a large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device, including a fermentation area and a UASB reactor arranged on one side of the fermentation area, the UASB reactor includes a reactor body, the The top of the reactor body is respectively provided with a reactor exhaust port and a reactor liquid outlet, the bottom is provided with a reactor liquid inlet, and a three-phase separator is provided inside; the fermentation area includes multiple sets of fermentation tanks built underground, each The group of fermentation tanks includes several fermentation tanks covered with light-transmitting sheds. The fermentation tanks are cylindrical in shape, and a pipeline-type column is arranged in the center. The upper end of the column extends out of the upper part of the fermentation tank, and the lower end of the column extends into the fermentation tank. The bottom of the pool, and the lower end of the column is covered with a filter cover, and several supports are provided around the fermentation tank. A number of pedals are laid between the column and the support to form a beam platform. The beam platform, adjacent to each group Guide rails are arranged between the fermentation tanks, and the guide rails are connected end to end, and a track trolley is arranged on the guide rails, and the track trolley is connected with a discharge grabbing shovel through a mechanical arm; There is also a gas storage membrane between the beam platforms, and the gas storage membrane is connected with a biogas collection device, and the biogas collection device is also connected with the reactor exhaust port; a number of feed pipes are also provided around the fermentation tank, The end of the feed pipe is provided with a general interface; a number of spray pipes are fixed under the beam platform, and a number of nozzles are evenly arranged on the spray pipe corresponding to the fermentation tank; the upper end of the column is connected to the There is a first circulation pump, and the first circulation pump is connected with the liquid inlet of the reactor, and the liquid outlet of the reactor is connected with a second circulation pump through the biogas slurry pipeline, and the second circulation pump is connected with the spray The shower pipes are connected; the fermentation tank is also connected with a solar heating device through the pipes.

Preferably, filter screens are provided inside the biogas slurry pipelines.

The outside of the UASB reactor is also respectively connected with a water supply device and a heat preservation and heating device.

The top of the fermentation tank is also provided with a liquid level sensor with an alarm function.

The bottom of the fermentation tank is also provided with a grid above the filter cover.

The exhaust port of the reactor is connected with a three-way pipe, the second end of the three-way pipe is connected with the biogas collection device, and the third end is connected with a biogas burner.

A switching valve is provided at the connection between the third end of the tee pipe and the biogas burner.

The large-scale biogas fixed fermentation device also includes an electric control device, and the electric control device respectively controls the rail trolley, the discharge grabbing shovel, the first circulating pump, the second circulating pump and the liquid The operation of the position sensor, wherein the electric control device controls the driving movement of the rail trolley and the lifting and closing of the discharge grabbing shovel.

A method for using a large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

1) The raw materials used in the large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device are straw and human and animal manure. The input amount of the straw and animal manure is carried out according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30:1, and the crushed straw is directly input according to the input amount Fermentation tank, human and animal feces are filled by connecting the universal interface at the end of the feed pipe through the transfer tanker. When the mixed raw materials are filled to the required level, the liquid level sensor will alarm and stop filling at this time ;

2) The solar heating device connected to the fermentation tank and the external light-transmitting shed heat and keep warm the fermentation tank respectively. After the mixed raw materials are fermented, the biogas generated in the fermentation tank enters the gas storage membrane for temporary storage, and passes through The collection and transportation of the biogas collection device;

3) After the mixed raw materials have been fermented for a period of time, the fermentation tank sends part of the fermented liquid mixed raw materials into the UASB reactor through the biogas slurry pipeline and the first circulation pump for fermentation, and the UASB reactor produces The biogas is also collected through the biogas collection device. After the biogas is collected for a certain period of time, the liquid mixed raw materials fermented in the UASB reactor are sprayed again through the spray pipeline connected to the biogas slurry pipeline and the second circulation pump. into the fermentation tank for fermentation again, and the gas storage membrane and biogas collection device continue to collect biogas;

4) After the fermentation of the mixed raw materials is completed, take out the raw materials in the fermentation tank through the discharge grab shovel on the rail trolley, and put in new mixed raw materials through the transfer tanker.

Preferably, when the biogas generated in the UASB reactor described in step 3) is too much, the on-off valve is opened to burn the excess biogas through the biogas burner.

In the present invention, after the mixed raw materials are fermented, the biogas generated in the fermentation tank enters the gas storage membrane for temporary storage, and is collected by the biogas collection device for transportation and utilization, which saves the setting of the biogas storage room and reduces the investment In the present invention, the addition of mixed raw materials is carried out according to the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 20 to 30:1, which ensures the lasting, balanced and sufficient gas production of the fermentation tank in the fermentation period to the greatest extent; the solar heating device connected to the fermentation tank is used for Heating and heat preservation in the pool; the pipeline-type column provided in the present invention is not only used as a support for the beam platform, but also as a channel for extracting biogas slurry. The filter cover and grille provided at the lower end of the column are to prevent the biogas slurry When there are sundries, it is convenient to extract the biogas slurry as soon as possible; the present invention is equipped with multiple sets of fermentation tanks for one-time fermentation, through the beam platform, the rail trolley and the discharge grabbing shovel provided between each adjacent set of fermentation tanks, it can It is automatically controlled at different positions to facilitate the discharge of materials. After discharge, it is directly put into the car parked around; the light-transmitting shed above the fermentation tank has the function of increasing the temperature of the fermentation tank and avoiding rain; the beam platform It is convenient to install some components and observe the fermentation effect on the top of the fermentation tank; the fermentation tank sends the basically fermented biogas slurry into the UASB reactor through the first circulation pump and liquid pipeline for secondary fermentation. Fermentation, and then connect the spray pipe through the biogas slurry pipeline, and spray the biogas slurry after the secondary fermentation into the fermentation tank again, which can effectively relieve the resistance, and play a stirring role when used in solid-state fermentation, improving the fermentation raw material. resource utilization.

The UASB reactor used in the present invention can better carry out the secondary fermentation of the biogas slurry after the primary fermentation. Because it retains a large amount of anaerobic sludge in the bottom reaction zone, it has good sedimentation performance and coagulation performance. The treated biogas slurry flows from the bottom of the anaerobic sludge bed into contact with the anaerobic sludge. The microorganisms in the sludge decompose the organic matter in the sewage and convert it into biogas. The biogas is continuously released in the form of tiny bubbles, and the tiny bubbles are rising During the process, they merge continuously and gradually form larger bubbles. On the upper part of the sludge bed, due to the agitation of the biogas, a sludge with a relatively thin sludge concentration is formed and rises into the three-phase separator together with the water. The biogas hits the reflection of the lower part of the separator. When the plate is folded, it turns around the reflection plate, and then enters the storage room through the water layer, and the biogas concentrated in the storage room is discharged through the outlet of the reactor, and is exported by a conduit, and the solid-liquid mixture enters the three-phase separator after reflection In the sedimentation area, the biogas sludge in the biogas slurry flocculates, and the particles gradually increase and settle under the action of gravity. The sludge that settles on the inclined wall slides back to the anaerobic reaction area toward the inclined wall, causing accumulation in the reaction area. For a large amount of sludge, the sludge is diluted through the connected water supply device, and the diluted sludge is reacted through a column of the reactor. Spray fermentation is carried out, and the biogas discharged from the top of the reactor normally enters the biogas collection device. If there is too much biogas, the on-off valve is opened, and the excess biogas is discharged into the biogas burner for combustion.

The solid-state fermentation technology adopted in the present invention has strong adaptability to raw materials and a large processing load; less investment in equipment and convenient management; lower energy consumption in the process; simple post-processing of products and basically no waste water discharge, reducing the utilization rate of raw materials in traditional fermentation The problems of high solid waste discharge and low feasibility of industrial scale-up have been gradually overcome, and its advantages and potentials have become more and more obvious.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has a simple structure and a reasonable design. The section of the biogas tank is arc-shaped and installed underground, which not only does not occupy space, but also facilitates winter heat preservation and safe overwintering. The construction of the underground circular fermentation tank is obviously difficult. lower, the force in the fermentation tank is easy to be uniform, and the discharge is convenient; the fermentation tank is convenient to stir, and there is no need to set up an elevated shelf above the biogas tank for stirring, which reduces the input cost; the UASB reactor provided in the present invention performs two Secondary fermentation improves the resource utilization efficiency of fermentation raw materials.

Description of drawings

The structure and features of the present invention will be further described below according to the drawings and embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of the fermentation zone and the UASB reactor in the present invention.

In the accompanying drawings 1 and 2, 1. Light-transmitting shed, 2. Guide rail, 3. Feed pipe, 4. Liquid level sensor, 5. Mechanical arm, 6. Rail trolley, 7. Biogas collection device, 8. Outlet Material grabbing shovel, 9. Spray pipeline, 10. Second circulation pump, 11. First circulation pump, 12. Tee pipe, 13. Biogas slurry pipeline, 14. Filter cover, 15. On-off valve, 16. Nozzle, 17. Column, 18. Beam platform, 19. Reactor liquid inlet, 20. Reactor liquid outlet, 21. Reactor exhaust port, 22. UASB reactor, 23. Water supply device, 24. Biogas burner, 25. gas storage film, 26. fermentation tank, 27. grille.

detailed description

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device comprises a fermentation zone and a UASB reactor 22 arranged on one side of the fermentation zone, the UASB reactor 22 comprises a reactor body, and the top of the reactor body is A reactor exhaust port 21 and a reactor liquid outlet 20 are respectively provided, a reactor liquid inlet 19 is provided at the bottom, and a three-phase separator is arranged inside; the fermentation area includes multiple groups of fermentation tanks built underground, each group The fermentation tank includes several fermentation tanks 26 covered with light-transmitting shed 1. The fermentation tank 26 is cylindrical, and the center is provided with a pipeline-type column 17. The upper end of the column 17 stretches out from the upper part of the fermentation tank 26, and the lower end extends into the The bottom of the fermentation tank 26, and the lower end of the column 17 is provided with a filter cover 14, and some supports are also provided around the fermentation tank 26, and a crossbeam platform 18 is formed by laying some pedals between the column 17 and the support. Described crossbeam platform 18, adjacent every group of fermenting pool 26 are all provided with guide rail 2, and described guide rail 2 is connected from end to end, and described guide rail 2 is provided with track trolley 6, and described track trolley 6 passes mechanical arm 5 is connected with a discharge grab shovel 8; a gas storage film 25 is also provided between the top of the fermentation tank 26 and the beam platform 18, and the gas storage film 25 is connected with a biogas collection device 7, and the biogas collection device 7 is also It is connected with the exhaust port 21 of the reactor; several feeding pipes 3 are arranged around the fermentation tank 26, and the ends of the feeding pipes 3 are provided with general interfaces; a number of spray pipes are also fixed under the beam platform 18. Pipeline 9, corresponding to the fermentation tank 26 on the spray pipeline 9, a number of spouts 16 are evenly distributed; the upper end of the column 17 is connected with a first circulating pump 11 through a biogas slurry pipeline 13, and the first circulating pump 11 is connected to the The reactor liquid inlet 19 is connected, and the reactor liquid outlet 20 is connected with a second circulation pump 10 through a biogas slurry pipeline 13, and the second circulation pump 10 is connected with the spray pipeline 9; the fermentation tank 26 is also externally connected with a solar heating device through pipelines.

Preferably, the biogas slurry pipeline 13 is provided with filter screens inside.

The outside of the UASB reactor 22 is also respectively connected with a water supply device 23 and a heat preservation and heating device.

The top of the fermentation tank 26 is also provided with a liquid level sensor 4 with an alarm function.

A grille 27 is also provided above the filter cover 13 at the bottom of the fermentation tank 26 .

The reactor exhaust port 21 is connected with a three-way pipe 12 , the second end of the three-way pipe 12 is connected with the biogas collection device 7 , and the third end is connected with a biogas burner 24 .

An on-off valve 15 is provided at the connection between the third end of the three-way pipe 12 and the biogas burner 24 .

The large-scale biogas fixed fermentation device also includes an electric control device, and the electric control device controls the rail trolley 6, the discharge grab shovel 8, the first circulation pump 11, and the second circulation pump 10 respectively. And the operation of the liquid level sensor 4, wherein the electric control device controls the driving movement of the rail trolley 6 and the lifting, opening and closing of the discharge grab shovel 8.

The present invention realizes the generation of biogas through the following steps:

1) The raw materials used in the large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device are straw and human and animal manure. The input amount of the straw and animal manure is carried out according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30:1, and the crushed straw is directly input according to the input amount Fermentation tank, human and animal feces are filled by connecting the universal interface at the end of the feed pipe through the transfer tanker. When the mixed raw materials are filled to the required level, the liquid level sensor will alarm and stop filling at this time ;

2) The solar heating device connected to the fermentation tank and the external light-transmitting shed heat and keep warm the fermentation tank respectively. After the mixed raw materials are fermented, the biogas generated in the fermentation tank enters the gas storage membrane for temporary storage, and passes through The collection and transportation of the biogas collection device;

3) After the mixed raw materials have been fermented for a period of time, the fermentation tank sends part of the fermented liquid mixed raw materials into the UASB reactor through the biogas slurry pipeline and the first circulation pump for fermentation, and the UASB reactor produces The biogas is also collected through the biogas collection device. After the biogas is collected for a certain period of time, the liquid mixed raw materials fermented in the UASB reactor are sprayed again through the spray pipeline connected to the biogas slurry pipeline and the second circulation pump. into the fermentation tank for fermentation again, and the gas storage membrane and biogas collection device continue to collect biogas;

4) After the fermentation of the mixed raw materials is completed, take out the raw materials in the fermentation tank through the discharge grab shovel on the rail trolley, and put in new mixed raw materials through the transfer tanker.

Preferably, when the biogas generated in the UASB reactor described in step 3) is too much, the on-off valve is opened to burn the excess biogas through the biogas burner.

In the present invention, after the mixed raw materials are fermented, the biogas generated in the fermentation tank enters the gas storage membrane for temporary storage, and is collected by the biogas collection device for transportation and utilization, which saves the setting of the biogas storage room and reduces the investment In the present invention, the addition of mixed raw materials is carried out according to the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 20 to 30:1, which ensures the lasting, balanced and sufficient gas production of the fermentation tank in the fermentation period to the greatest extent; the solar heating device connected to the fermentation tank is used for Heating and heat preservation in the pool; the pipeline-type column provided in the present invention is not only used as a support for the beam platform, but also as a channel for extracting biogas slurry. The filter cover and grille provided at the lower end of the column are to prevent the biogas slurry When there are sundries, it is convenient to extract the biogas slurry as soon as possible; the present invention is equipped with multiple sets of fermentation tanks for one-time fermentation, through the beam platform, the rail trolley and the discharge grabbing shovel provided between each adjacent set of fermentation tanks, it can It is automatically controlled at different positions to facilitate the discharge of materials. After discharge, it is directly put into the car parked around; the light-transmitting shed above the fermentation tank has the function of increasing the temperature of the fermentation tank and avoiding rain; the beam platform It is convenient to install some components and observe the fermentation effect on the top of the fermentation tank; the fermentation tank sends the basically fermented biogas slurry into the UASB reactor through the first circulation pump and liquid pipeline for secondary fermentation. Fermentation, and then connect the spray pipe through the biogas slurry pipeline, and spray the biogas slurry after the secondary fermentation into the fermentation tank again, which can effectively relieve the resistance, and play a stirring role when used in solid-state fermentation, improving the fermentation raw material. resource utilization.

The solid-state fermentation technology adopted in the present invention has strong adaptability to raw materials and a large processing load; less investment in equipment and convenient management; lower energy consumption in the process; simple post-processing of products and basically no waste water discharge, reducing the utilization rate of raw materials in traditional fermentation The problems of high solid waste discharge and low feasibility of industrial scale-up have been gradually overcome, and its advantages and potentials have become more and more obvious.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the above specific embodiments do not limit the present invention. All modifications, modifications or equivalent replacements made by those skilled in the art based on the above descriptions belong to the protection of the present invention. scope.

Claims (10)

1. A large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device, characterized in that: comprise a fermentation zone and a UASB reactor located on one side of the fermentation zone, the UASB reactor comprises a reactor body, and the top of the reactor body is respectively equipped with The reactor exhaust port and the reactor liquid outlet, the bottom is provided with a reactor liquid inlet, and a three-phase separator is provided inside; the fermentation area includes multiple sets of fermentation tanks built underground, and each set of fermentation tanks includes a number of upper cover A fermentation tank with a light-transmitting shed, the fermentation tank is cylindrical, and a pipeline-type column is arranged in the center, the upper end of the column extends out of the upper part of the fermentation tank, the lower end of the column extends into the bottom of the fermentation tank, and the The lower end of the column is covered with a filter cover, and several supports are provided around the fermentation tank. A number of pedals are laid between the column and the support to form a beam platform. The beam platform and each group of adjacent fermentation tanks are provided with Guide rails, the guide rails are connected end to end, and a rail trolley is arranged on the rail, and the rail trolley is connected with a discharge grabbing shovel through a mechanical arm; A gas storage membrane, the gas storage membrane is connected with a biogas collection device, and the biogas collection device is also connected with the exhaust port of the reactor; a number of feed pipes are also arranged around the fermentation tank, and the end of the feed pipe A general interface is provided; a number of spray pipes are fixed under the beam platform, and a number of spouts are evenly distributed on the spray pipe corresponding to the fermentation tank; the upper end of the column is connected to a first circulation pump through a biogas slurry pipeline, The first circulation pump is connected to the liquid inlet of the reactor, and the liquid outlet of the reactor is connected to a second circulation pump through a biogas slurry pipeline, and the second circulation pump is connected to the spray pipeline; The fermentation tank is also externally connected with a solar heating device through pipelines. 2. The large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: said biogas slurry pipelines are equipped with filter screens. 3. The large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the UASB reactor is also connected with a water supply device and a heat preservation and heating device. 4. The large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the top of the fermentation tank is also equipped with a liquid level sensor with an alarm function. 5. The large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the fermentation tank is provided with a grid above the filter cover. 6. The large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outlet of the reactor is connected with a three-way pipe, the second end of the three-way pipe is connected with the biogas collection device, and the third end is A biogas burner is connected. 7. The large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: an on-off valve is provided at the connection between the third end of the three-way pipe and the biogas burner. 8. The large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the large-scale biogas fixed fermentation device also includes an electric control device, and the electric control device respectively controls the rail trolley, the discharge grab operation of the shovel, the first circulating pump, the second circulating pump and the liquid level sensor, wherein the electric control device controls the driving movement of the rail trolley and the lifting and closing of the discharge grabbing shovel . 9. A method for using a large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1) The raw materials used in the large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device are straw and human and animal manure. The input amount of the straw and animal manure is carried out according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30:1, and the crushed straw is directly input according to the input amount Fermentation tank, human and animal feces are filled by connecting the universal interface at the end of the feed pipe through the transfer tanker. When the mixed raw materials are filled to the required level, the liquid level sensor will alarm and stop filling at this time ; 2) The solar heating device connected to the fermentation tank and the external light-transmitting shed heat and keep warm the fermentation tank respectively. After the mixed raw materials are fermented, the biogas generated in the fermentation tank enters the gas storage membrane for temporary storage, and passes through The collection and transportation of the biogas collection device; 3) After the mixed raw materials have been fermented for a period of time, the fermentation tank sends part of the fermented liquid mixed raw materials into the UASB reactor through the biogas slurry pipeline and the first circulation pump for fermentation, and the UASB reactor produces The biogas is also collected through the biogas collection device. After the biogas is collected for a certain period of time, the liquid mixed raw materials fermented in the UASB reactor are sprayed again through the spray pipeline connected to the biogas slurry pipeline and the second circulation pump. into the fermentation tank for fermentation again, and the gas storage membrane and biogas collection device continue to collect biogas; 4) After the fermentation of the mixed raw materials is completed, take out the raw materials in the fermentation tank through the discharge grab shovel on the rail trolley, and put in new mixed raw materials through the transfer tanker. 10. The method for using a large-scale biogas solid-state fermentation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: when the biogas generated in the UASB reactor in the above step 3) is too much, open the switch valve, and burn the excess gas through the biogas burner of biogas.