CN105870975B - A kind of micro-capacitance sensor structure and its electric energy quality control method - Google Patents
A kind of micro-capacitance sensor structure and its electric energy quality control method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
Abstract
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric power network technique field more particularly to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor structure and its electric energy quality control methods.
Background technology
At present, the electricity consumption with reference to power grid and regulatory requirement, more and more consumer networks by bulk power grid and micro-capacitance sensor simultaneously The pattern of net sets up power grid, by controlling the operation of bulk power grid and micro-capacitance sensor, so as to control the electricity of entire consumer networks It can quality.
Effective carrier of the micro-capacitance sensor as distributed generation resource includes various forms of micro- sources, energy storage device, energy converting means It puts, the equipment such as protective device and load control unit and can realize self-contr ol, protection and the small power generation of management system System, can run on isolated island and grid-connected both of which.
Micro-capacitance sensor is the raising of power system power supply reliability, regenerative resource efficiently use and environmental pollution and electricity Reduction that can be lost etc. provides new effective way.It is a variety of however for the increasingly complicated micro-capacitance sensor of structure and electric load The situation that power quality problem occurs simultaneously is more and more.How comprehensive treatment is carried out to power quality problem, be guarantee system The key reliably and securely run.
To solve micro-capacitance sensor power quality problem, related power quality adjusting device is configured in micro-capacitance sensor mostly at present, Such as：Research on Unified Power Quality Conditioner, Active Power Filter-APF, Static Var Compensator etc., but a variety of electric energy are solved simultaneously Quality problems need more covering devices, these devices can introduce additional investment, the complexity for increasing system.
In recent years, some scholars propose to control its access point power quality problem using multi-functional gird-connected inverter Reason, but can not solve under micro-grid connection operational mode, bulk power grid voltage fluctuation, imbalance, distortion, short time voltage interrupt and The power quality problem that public nonlinear load is brought in micro-capacitance sensor.Also based on connection in series-parallel current transformer compensation scheme, improve change The method of device structure is flowed to improve micro-capacitance sensor power quality.
But these methods are all only to solve micro-capacitance sensor part power quality problem, and it is more for complicated and load The grid-connected micro-capacitance sensor of sample is, it is necessary to consider the confession of many factors, as far as possible raising micro-capacitance sensor that influence power quality problem Electric reliability and power quality.
The content of the invention
In view of the above problems, it is proposed that for overcoming a kind of micro-capacitance sensor structure of the above problem and its utility power quality control side Method.
One side according to the invention provides a kind of micro-capacitance sensor structure, is distributed decline source and public mother including several Line；It is characterized in that, several distributions decline source by corresponding feeder line and are connected on the common bus, the distribution declines Source is connected to nonlinear load and linear load, and nonlinear load and linear load are connected on the common bus；The One switch is connected in parallel with isolating transformer, the input state of the first switch control compensation inverter；Points of common connection Place is equipped with static switch；The static switch is selecting switch, and the selection end of the static switch corresponds respectively to bulk power grid side And ground terminal.
Wherein, when the static switch is connected to bulk power grid side, micro-capacitance sensor is in the pattern that is incorporated into the power networks, described to compensate with inverse Become device and bulk power grid side is connected on by isolating transformer；When static switch is connected to ground terminal, micro-capacitance sensor is in islet operation pattern, The compensation inverter is in parallel with micro-capacitance sensor；Wherein, it is incorporated into the power networks under pattern, bulk power grid power quality is unsatisfactory for micro-capacitance sensor fortune During row, islet operation pattern is switched to.
Wherein, under grid-connect mode, distribution declines source using the P Q control strategies based on grid voltage orientation；Wherein, micro- electricity The voltage and frequency of net are supported by bulk power grid, and the distribution declines source using the P Q control strategies based on grid voltage orientation, institute State P Q control strategies include exterior ring power ring and inner ring electric current loop.
Wherein, compensation inverter control includes harmonic compensation control and points of common connection utility power quality control, humorous Ripple compensation control compensates bulk power grid harmonic wave, the compensation act as harmonic wave resistance with inverter using virtual impedance method.
Wherein, under the island mode, compensation inverter is used as parallel connection type active electric filter, and compensation is public Nonlinear load harmonic ensures points of common connection power quality.
Wherein, the distribution declines source using the droop control strategy locally compensated based on local harmonic wave, ensures output electricity The output current in the source that declines while quality to distribution is pressed to control, public linear load declines source by respective appearance by each distribution Amount is divided equally, and the compensation, using mixed-voltage current control method, compensates common load harmonic current with inverter.
Wherein, compensating instruction voltage is adjusted for the lower compensating instruction voltage of harmonic compensation control and points of common connection power quality The sum of compensating instruction voltage under pattern carries out voltage-tracing using the control strategy of PI+ Repetitive controllers.
Other side according to the invention provides a kind of electric energy quality control method of micro-capacitance sensor structure, including：Step Rapid 1, micro-capacitance sensor is initially the pattern of being incorporated into the power networks, and compensation is connected in series with inverter by isolating transformer and bulk power grid；Step 2, described to be incorporated into the power networks under pattern, distribution declines source using the P Q control strategies based on grid voltage orientation；Step 3, it is described simultaneously Under network operation pattern, compensation inverter control includes harmonic compensation control and points of common connection utility power quality control, compensation refer to Voltage is made as compensating instruction voltage under the lower compensating instruction voltage of harmonic compensation control and points of common connection power quality shaping modes The sum of, voltage-tracing is carried out using the control strategy of PI+ Repetitive controllers；Step 4, when bulk power grid power quality is unsatisfactory for requiring When, into islet operation pattern, compensation inverter is in parallel with micro-capacitance sensor, realizes parallel connection type active electric filter function.
Wherein, in step 2, bulk power grid supports the voltage and frequency of micro-capacitance sensor, and each distribution in micro-capacitance sensor declines source only Output power is controlled, to ensure that micro-capacitance sensor internal power balances；Distribution declines source using the P Q controls based on grid voltage orientation Strategy, the P Q control strategies include exterior ring power ring and inner ring electric current loop.
Wherein, in step 3, compensation inverter control includes harmonic compensation control and points of common connection power quality Control, harmonic compensation control compensate bulk power grid harmonic wave using virtual impedance method, and the compensation inverter control is into humorous Ripple resistance.
Compared with prior art, the structure and method advantage are：
1st, a variety of power quality problems can be solved simultaneously, be incorporated into the power networks under pattern, it can effective compensation bulk power grid voltage wave Dynamic, uneven and harmonic distortion, prevents micro-capacitance sensor harmonic injection bulk power grid.
2nd, when bulk power grid short time voltage interrupts, instantaneity short trouble occurs, compensation inverter is injected to micro-capacitance sensor Active power, while bulk power grid Voltage Drop, imbalance and harmonic wave are compensated, ensure that off-grid is not run micro-capacitance sensor, improves micro-capacitance sensor Anti-islanding ability.
3rd, when micro-capacitance sensor islet operation, inverter is in parallel with micro-capacitance sensor by switching ground connection, serves as parallel active filter Device realizes dual-use, reduces the operating cost of system..
Description of the drawings
By reading the detailed description of hereafter preferred embodiment, it is various other the advantages of and benefit it is common for this field Technical staff will be apparent understanding.Attached drawing is only used for showing the purpose of preferred embodiment, and is not considered as to the present invention Limitation.And throughout the drawings, the same reference numbers will be used to refer to the same parts.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is to be illustrated according to the local of the present invention and the common bus microgrid topology structure with nonlinear load Figure；
Fig. 2 is to be distributed the source P/Q control structure figures that decline under the grid-connect mode according to the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the compensation inverter structure figure according to the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the one phase equivalent circuit figure based on virtual impedance method according to the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that the generation of compensation inverter compensated voltage instruction is shown under the mains by harmonics current compensation pattern according to the present invention It is intended to；
Fig. 6 is that the generation of compensation inverter compensated voltage instruction is shown under the PCC power quality shaping modes according to the present invention It is intended to；
Fig. 7 is compensation inverter master control block diagram under the pattern that is incorporated into the power networks according to the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the grid-connected micro-grid system control structure figure according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 a are not add in compensation inverter simulated grid current waveform schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 b are not add in compensation inverter emulation PC C point voltage waveform views according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 a are the addition compensation inverter grid voltage sags simulated grid current waveform according to the embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram；
Figure 10 b are the addition compensation inverter grid voltage sags emulation PC C point voltage waves according to the embodiment of the present invention Shape schematic diagram；
Figure 10 c are to emulate compensation inverter with inverter grid voltage sags according to the addition compensation of the embodiment of the present invention Output voltage waveforms schematic diagram；
Figure 11 a are the addition compensation inverter one-phase short-circuit simulation grid voltage waveform according to the embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram；
Figure 11 b are the addition compensation inverter one-phase short-circuit simulation PCC point voltage waves according to the embodiment of the present invention Shape schematic diagram；
Figure 11 c are with inverter one-phase short-circuit simulation compensation inverter according to the addition compensation of the embodiment of the present invention Output voltage waveforms schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.Following embodiment is used for Illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a kind of microgrid topology structure figure according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein, it is distributed decline source and common bus Carry nonlinear load.Wherein, micro-capacitance sensor is distributed the source that declines, common bus, compensation inverter and isolation change including several Depressor further includes nonlinear load, linear load, first switch K, static switch S.Wherein, several sources that decline that are distributed (are sent out Electric unit) it is connected in parallel, the distribution source of declining is connected with the nonlinear load and linear load, and several distributions decline Source is connected to by respective feed connection on the common bus, and the common bus is equipped with the nonlinear load and linear negative It carries.
Wherein, compensation inverter is in parallel with first switch K, controls the input state of compensation inverter, and K opens compensation Inverter is devoted oneself to work, during closure compensation do not devoted oneself to work with inverter.Static switch is selecting switch, switch selection end difference Corresponding to bulk power grid side and ground terminal.
Wherein, compensation is devoted oneself to work with inverter when the first switch is opened, during closure compensation do not put into inverter Work, when micro-grid connection is run, the inverter is connected on bulk power grid side by isolating transformer；During micro-capacitance sensor islet operation, The inverter is in parallel with micro-capacitance sensor by switching ground connection.
The control method of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps：
(1) micro-capacitance sensor initial launch switchs S and gets at 1 in grid-connect mode, at this time inverter by isolating transformer with Bulk power grid is connected in series；
(2) under the pattern of being incorporated into the power networks, it is distributed the source that declines and uses the P Q control strategies based on grid voltage orientation, in order to The local load harmonic of compensation, considers load current in reference voltage acquisition；
It is incorporated into the power networks under pattern, the voltage and frequency of micro-capacitance sensor are supported by bulk power grid, each distribution in micro-capacitance sensor Micro- source need to only control output power to ensure the balance of micro-capacitance sensor internal power, therefore the heretofore described source that declines that is distributed uses P based on grid voltage orientation Q control strategies, the P Q control strategies include exterior ring power ring and inner ring electric current loop two and control Ring, control structure are as shown in Figure 2.
Under synchronous rotating frame, distributed micro-source inverter voltage equation is：
Wherein, uodi、uoqiRespectively i-th distribution declines source output voltage d, q axis component；igdi、igqiRespectively i-th It is distributed d, q axis component of the source stream to common bus electric current that decline；upccd、upccqRespectively PCC point voltage d, q axis components；Ri、Li Decline source line resistance and inductance are distributed for i-th.
Exterior ring power ring is controlled using PI, and reference current is：
Wherein, Pi、QiThe active and reactive power of common bus, P are output to for micro- sourcerefi、QrefiIt is active and reactive for its Value and power reference, kp、kiRatio, integral coefficient for exterior ring power ring, due to the presence of local nonlinear load, in order to compensate for Local load harmonic is, it is necessary to consider local load current ildiAnd ilqi.Therefore, voltage governing equation is：
K in formulap、kiRatio, integral coefficient for inner ring electric current loop.
(3) under micro-grid connection operational mode, compensation inverter control is controlled by harmonic compensation and points of common connection (PCC points) utility power quality control two parts are formed, and compensating instruction voltage is the lower compensated voltage instruction of harmonic compensation control and PCC points The sum of compensated voltage instruction under power quality shaping modes carries out voltage-tracing using the control strategy of PI+ Repetitive controllers.
Compensation with inverter structure as shown in figure 3, main circuit is made of Three-Phase Voltage PWM Converter and LC wave filters, DC side uses accumulator.U in figuresx(x=a, b, c) be bulk power grid voltage, LsFor power grid internal resistance, isx(x=a, b, c) is power grid Electric current, ucx(x=a, b, c) is injected into the voltage of power grid, u for compensation with inverterpccx(x=a, b, c) is for point of common coupling PCC point voltages.
Harmonic compensation control compensates bulk power grid harmonic wave, at this time compensation inverter control using virtual impedance method Into a harmonic wave resistance, one phase equivalent circuit is as shown in Figure 4.Z in figuresFor bulk power grid inside equiva lent impedance, usAnd isRespectively Bulk power grid voltage, electric current, upccFor PCC point voltages, ucThe voltage injected for compensation inverter to power grid.
By us、is、upccIt is represented with fundametal compoment and harmonic component：
If there is uc=kish, then bulk power grid harmonic current can be expressed as：
ZshFor the Equivalent Harmonic impedance of power grid internal resistance, from above formula, when k is sufficiently large, in bulk power grid output current Harmonic component ishLevel off to zero, so as to fulfill harmonic compensation, at this time compensation is equivalent to one with inverter for harmonic wave Resistance value is the resistance of k, and its resistance value is zero for fundamental wave, and therefore, compensation inverter compensated voltage instruction can be with table It is shown as：
It instructs generation as shown in figure 5, k is virtual impedance value.
Bulk power grid would generally cause Voltage Drop when breaking down, and imbalance, harmonic wave etc. are often accompanied by during Voltage Drop Problem, when these power quality problems are serious, micro-capacitance sensor will be disconnected with bulk power grid, into islet operation pattern, and micro-capacitance sensor mould For the transient process that formula switching generates by the stability and dynamic property of the system that influences, the output by controlling compensation inverter is electric Pressure, is realized to bulk power grid Voltage Drop, imbalance and harmonic compensation, can maintain PCC voltage stabilizations, ensures PCC power qualities, So that micro-capacitance sensor not off-grid when short trouble occurs for bulk power grid, is presented certain anti-islanding ability, PCC power quality controls It makes specific as follows：
Network voltage usxUsing fundamental positive sequenceNegative phase-sequenceWith harmonic wave ushxRepresentation, ignore in power grid internal resistance Pressure drop, if PCC point Voltage References areThen have：
Wherein,Amplitude is chosen for equal to PCC rated values Vm, and with power grid fundamental positive sequence voltageSame-phase, accordingly Structure is as shown in Figure 6.The output voltage instruction of compensation inverter contains fundametal compomentCompensation inverter at this time The active power provided to power grid, size are：
Wherein ispxFor power network current active component；
Using complex controll mode, compensation is with contravarianter voltage reference instruction：
Compensation inverter master control block diagram is as shown in fig. 7, using Double closed-loop of voltage and current structure, Voltage loop, electricity The control of stream ring carries out under α β coordinate systems.In order to realize the fast and accurately tracking to reference voltage, Voltage loop well Using parallel connection type PI+ Repetitive controllers.The output of Voltage loop gives as the input of electric current loopCurrent loop controller is Ratio controls ki, output is inverter PWM modulation output reference voltage.
(4) when bulk power grid power quality is unsatisfactory for requiring, micro-capacitance sensor islet operation, switch S is got at 2, and inverter leads to It is in parallel with micro-capacitance sensor to cross switch ground connection, compensates public nonlinear load harmonic, realizes parallel connection type APF functions, ensure PCC point electric energy Quality, at this time distribution are declined source using the droop control strategy locally compensated based on local harmonic wave, are ensureing output voltage quality While, the output current in the source that declines to distribution controls, and each source that declines that is distributed provides sine three to local nonlinear load While phase voltage and required harmonic current, to public linear load provide needed for linear current, and public linear load by Each micro- source is divided equally by each self-capacity, and the inverter uses mixed-voltage current control method, compensates common load harmonic current.
Fig. 8 is the grid-connected micro-grid system control structure figure of embodiment, and the DG parallel runnings of two identical capacity are local to load It is nonlinear load with nonlinear load, filter inductance Lf1=Lf2=3mH, Lr=1.6mH；Filter capacitor Cf1=Cf2=40 μ F, Cr=40 μ F；Line resistance, inductance Rline1=0.128 Ω, Lline1=0.064mH, Rline2=0.167 Ω, Lline2= 0.083mH。
Fig. 9 is simulation waveform when not adding in compensation inverter.During t=0s, bulk power grid output voltage peak value is equal to 311V Sinusoidal three-phase voltage, during t=0.1s, Voltage Drop 20% can be obtained by fft analysis, and in 0.05~0.1s periods, bulk power grid is defeated Go out electric current THD for 15.64%；0.1~0.15s periods, bulk power grid output current THD are abnormal for 13.67% bulk power grid current harmonics Variability is higher, therefore direct grid-connected is not feasible.
During t=0.2s, micro-capacitance sensor is compensated to be connected with inverter with bulk power grid, and bulk power grid output voltage falls 20%, t= 0.25s bulk power grids output voltage recovers normal.Simulation waveform when Figure 10 is accesses compensation inverter grid voltage sags. 0.2~0.25s periods, bulk power grid electric current THD are 4.66%, and compensation is 59V with inverter output voltage fundamental voltage amplitude；0.25~ 0.3s periods, bulk power grid output current THD are 4.85%, and compensation is 5.1V with inverter output voltage fundamental voltage amplitude.When big electricity When net voltage does not fall, harmonic compensation voltage of the compensation needed for inverter only output system compensates harmonic wave electricity at micro-capacitance sensor PCC Pressure, so as to which harmonic current be prevented to enter bulk power grid；When bulk power grid output voltage falls, compensation inverter not only compensation harmonic Voltage prevents harmonic current from entering bulk power grid, and the fundamental voltage for compensating bulk power grid falls.
In t=0.3s, singlephase earth fault (A phases), t=0.4s Failure eliminations occur for bulk power grid.Simulation waveform is as schemed Shown in 11, the voltage drop of 0.3s~0.4s bulk power grids, imbalance and harmonic wave are compensated by compensating with inverter, and PCC point voltages are still approximate Three phase sine.PCC point static switches are failure to actuate, and micro-capacitance sensor is still normally incorporated into the power networks, and can continue through B, C two-phase and bulk power grid Swap energy.
The embodiment of the present invention provides for the sake of example and description, and is not exhaustively or by this to send out It is bright to be limited to disclosed form.Many modifications and variations are obvious for the ordinary skill in the art.Choosing It is to more preferably illustrate the principle of the present invention and practical application to select and describe embodiment, and makes those of ordinary skill in the art It will be appreciated that the present invention is so as to designing the various embodiments with various modifications suitable for special-purpose.
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