CN105866633B - The replay method of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform based on wave weight - Google Patents

The replay method of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform based on wave weight Download PDF

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CN105866633B
CN105866633B CN201610369460.0A CN201610369460A CN105866633B CN 105866633 B CN105866633 B CN 105866633B CN 201610369460 A CN201610369460 A CN 201610369460A CN 105866633 B CN105866633 B CN 105866633B
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waveform
point
wave
transmission line
frequency
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CN105866633A (en
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刘亚东
胡琛临
梁函卿
张烁
盛戈皞
江秀臣
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/15—Correlation function computation including computation of convolution operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/30—Circuit design
    • G06F30/36—Circuit design at the analogue level
    • G06F30/367—Design verification, e.g. using simulation, simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis [SPICE], direct methods or relaxation methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Electricity, gas or water supply
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of replay methods of the transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform based on wave weight, fault traveling wave detection device is installed on transmission line of electricity, according to 2 points of current in the fault point traveling waves detected of its kind, it first passes through least square method and sets up object function based on frequency according to model, the distributed constant of this section of transmission line of electricity is finally inversed by by intelligent search algorithm simulated annealing.Inverting is carried out by the test point waveform to the other section of same circuit and the correctness of the contrast verification distributed constant is carried out with true detection waveform, the fault current traveling-wave waveform of arbitrary unknown point on the circuit that may finally be out of order by this inversion method exact inversion.Absolute error of the present invention is no more than 3 μ s, and relative error is no more than 6%.

Description

The replay method of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform based on wave weight
Technical field
The present invention relates to transmission line malfunction testing techniques of equipment field, specifically a kind of transmission line of electricity based on wave weight The replay method of fault current traveling-wave waveform.
Background technology
Transmission line of electricity is the equipment most easily to break down in electric system, and the fault localization and failure of transmission line of electricity are determined Position, scholar have carried out many researchs.For the failure of transmission line of electricity, only passively increase its defence capability to reduce transmission of electricity The probability of line failure.And in actual track local flow improvement engineer application, due to lacking fault data as support, make Obtaining retrofit work can not accomplish to shoot the arrow at the target, so as to waste a large amount of manpower and materials investment.If the evolution of failure can be recurred, It realizes that the state scene of transmission line malfunction whole process is visual, transmission line malfunction analysis, diagnosis, the circuit in later stage is defendd Formulation and failure accident manoeuvre of scheme etc. have major and immediate significance.
For uniline, if setting this section of transmission line of electricity uniformly, uniformly, resistance, inductance, capacitance and the electricity of unit length Respectively R, L, G, C are led, the circuit that a segment length is dx is taken on transmission line of electricity, propagation equation of the circuit in frequency domain is：
The solution of formula (1) may finally be written as form:
Wherein,For line propagation coefficient, x is propagation distance, ZcFor wave impedance. A1、A2For the integral constant determined by boundary condition.
For single fault traveling wave, if being not required to the anti-traveling wave for considering to propagate along x negative directions, formula (2) can be written as：
Can be obtained by formula (3), on circuit at a distance of being the 2: 1 and 2 of x, current wave and voltage wave between them just like Lower relationship
Wave is closely related in the propagation of single phase homogeneous transmission line of electricity and its frequency it can be seen from formula (4), and with propagation The increase of distance x, voltage, electric current are gradually decayed.Remember H=e-λxFor the transmission function propagated along transmission line of electricity frequency domain, then should Propagation model is known as transmission line of electricity frequency according to function model.
And for three phase line, three it is alternate there are coupled relations, three independences need to be become by phase-model transformation Component, in order to analyze.
For, at a distance of being the 2: 1 and 2 of d, following current traveling wave being finally obtained after phase-model transformation by (4) formula on circuit Waveform relationship
Wherein, subscript i (i=0,1,2) represents i mold components.
If wondering the transportation law of transmission line of electricity, four distributed constants in λ must be it is known that and can from formula (5) Arrive, in transmission function λ there are four variable and the influence that intercouples, traditional mathematical method for this class equation solution Become unable to do what one wishes, and hardly result in globally optimal solution.Therefore it needs to borrow global optimization intelligent algorithm --- simulated annealing.
Simulated annealing (Simulated Annealing, SA) earliest thought be by N.Metropolis et al. in Nineteen fifty-three proposes.Annealing thought is successfully introduced into Combinatorial Optimization field by nineteen eighty-three, S.Kirkpatrick etc..It is to be based on A kind of random optimizing algorithm of Monte-Carlo iterative solution strategies, starting point is the annealing based on solid matter in physics Similitude between process and general combinatorial optimization problem.Simulated annealing is joined from a certain higher initial temperature with temperature Several continuous decline, join probability kick characteristic finds the globally optimal solution of object function at random in solution space, i.e., in part Optimal solution can probabilityly be jumped out and finally tend to global optimum.
In terms of failure recurrence, the fault recurrence of the more attention location system levels of domestic and foreign scholars, such as North China Electric Power University Zhang Dongying is relied on to be switched in model of power grid, power grid real time execution, Fault Recorder Information, protection act information and failure process The information such as action first build fault zone and determine suspect device, are then actively collected according to suspect device relevant with suspect device Information, comprehensive utilization failure wave-recording result as intermediate conclusion, finally using evidence theory, positive and negative mixed inference the methods of it is final It determines faulty equipment and failure process is tentatively judged.But for more profits of transmission line malfunction traveling-wave waveform information With not there is abundant excavation with data mining.
Invention content
In order to solve the missing that trouble point information recurs this block technology, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of based on the defeated of wave weight The replay method of line fault current traveling wave waveform, the traveling wave data detected using test point along failure pass through as foundation Intelligent algorithm simulated annealing is finally inversed by the distributed constant on transmission line of electricity, in conjunction with transmission line of electricity frequency according to model inversion outlet The traveling-wave waveform of road trouble point.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of replay method of the transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform based on wave weight, this method include following step Suddenly：
Step S1：Multiple fault detecting points are set successively on transmission line of electricity, for the acquisition of fault current traveling-wave waveform；
Step S2：The another two failure that place's homonymy removes a nearest test point is actually occurred to distance fault on transmission line of electricity The waveform of test point carries out card human relations boolean and converts three-phase decoupling；
Step S3：Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out after carrying out wavelet package transforms to each modulus of traveling wave after three-phase decouples, Crossover rate section substitutes into circuit frequency according to function model, specific steps：
Step S3.1：By taking N layers of wavelet package transforms as an example, for two test points are respectively divided into after N layers of wavelet package transforms 2NEach frequency range waveform in a frequency range carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) generation respective 2NSection frequency domain data.
Step S3.2：The frequency domain data that will be close to each modulus of test point at that of trouble point is multiplied by circuit according to frequency function H, And the data of the corresponding frequency band of modulus corresponding with another test point make the difference to obtain Δ d (i), i represents i-th of frequency range；
Wherein H=e-λx, x is the distance between two test points,For each Frequency range, f are the centre frequency of the frequency range, and R is resistance, and L is inductance, and G is conductance, and C is capacitance.
Step S4：It is used as coefficient by the wave type energy accounting of the detection waveform close to trouble point to each frequency band to carry out Weighted array generates final target optimizing function；
Step S4.1：By taking N layers of wavelet package transforms as an example, card human relations are carried out to the decoupling waveform of test point pointed out close to failure Boolean converts decoupling.
Step S4.2：N layers of wavelet package transforms are carried out to each modulus waveform after decoupling and are divided into 2NA frequency range.
Step S4.3：The percentage that the wave type energy that the component of each frequency range is possessed accounts for total wave type energy is exactly set of weights The weight a (i) of conjunction, i represent i-th of frequency range；
Step S4.4：Object function after final weighting is as follows：* conjugate transposition is represented.
Step S5：Global solution is carried out to target optimizing function by simulated annealing, obtains this section of transmission line of electricity Distributed constant；
Step S6：Obtained distributed constant is substituted into circuit frequency according to function model, according to known point waveform combined circuit frequency Unknown point waveform, specific steps are finally inversed by according to parameter model：
S6.1：After obtaining circuit distributed constant in S5, determine circuit frequency according to function model H, wherein H=e-λx, x is The distance of traveling wave will carry out card human relations boolean for the known point waveform of inverting and convert decoupling as each modulus waveform；
S6.2：Traveling wave line mould waveform after being decoupled to three-phase carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), according to unknown point and known point Position relationship and circuit frequency do operation according to function model：
If unknown point, in the downstream of known point, each modulus waveform of known point is multiplied by circuit frequency according to function model H；
If unknown point, among known point and line fault point, each modulus waveform of known point divided by circuit frequency are according to Function Modules Type H；
S6.3：According to the line mould waveform of unknown point after operation, combination failure type boundaries condition, push away unknown point zero mould Waveform；
S6.4：Card human relations boolean's inverse transformation is carried out according to each modulus waveform of unknown point and obtains the three-phase fault electric current of unknown point Traveling-wave waveform.
Distributed constant inversion principle is based on so that the traveling wave and observation that traveling wave TRANSFER MODEL theory pushes away are measured and obtained The residual error of actual waveform reaches minimum to carry out object function optimizing, and the present invention used is least square object function：
Q=Δ d Δs d* (6)
Δ d=d in formulacal-dobs, dcalIt is the corresponding forward modeling data of current TRANSFER MODEL, dobsIt is the number actually measured According to * represents conjugate transposition.
And the current traveling wave waveform analyzed of the present invention is a high frequency transient signal, during for its detail extraction we It has used wavelet package transforms and frequency-division section processing is carried out to signal, so as to which ideal function is the component institute group by each frequency band Close what is formed, form is as follows：
A (i) represents i-th section after (n-1)th layer of wavelet package transforms of weight coefficient in formula, by the energy of each frequency range of waveform The percentage for accounting for gross energy determines；D is the Wave data after the decoupling of card human relations boolean three-phase and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
By carrying out global optimizing with intelligent algorithm simulated annealing to the object function in (7) formula, obtain on circuit Each modulus distributed constant of circuit between two test points.
It is obtained on circuit after the distributed constant of each modulus, transfer function H is just it has been determined that so as to according to known inspection The waveform of measuring point combines frequency and calculates the waveform of other points on circuit according to model H and compare with the true detection waveform of the point, To verify the feasibility of the correctness of inverted parameters and waveform inversion method.
The present invention, according to the inverse model of propagation characteristic structure fault current waveform, is led to using frequency of the traveling wave in transmission line of electricity Cross to circuit distributed constant ask for and the inverting of fault current traveling-wave waveform, technique effect are as follows：
1) it by building the inverse model of fault current traveling-wave waveform, is set with reference to wavelet package transforms and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Vertical least square object function, and pass through intelligent search algorithm simulated annealing global optimizing, can efficiently and accurately basis The distributed constant on transmission line of electricity is obtained in two test point waveforms.
2) circuit distributed constant is first sought, can be gone out in conjunction with traveling wave TRANSFER MODEL according to the waveform exact inversion of known point unknown The waveform of point.
3) traveling wave of each point on circuit can be accurately obtained, is to utilize traveling wave fault information, progress accident analysis comprehensively in the later stage Do technical support.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is transmission line of electricity pscad model schematics
Fig. 2 is 1,2,3 current traveling wave waveform of test point
Fig. 3 is each modulus oscillogram for parametric inversion
Fig. 4 is the current traveling wave comparison of wave shape figure of test point 1
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided, and is described in detail.
The model of power transmission system such as Fig. 1 is established in PSCAD.For circuit using frequency according to model, F is lightning failure point, in event 20km, 40km and 70km set up three test points successively along barrier point, for the acquisition of fault current traveling-wave waveform.Transmission line of electricity Shaft tower be practical shaft tower ZB1 model.
Circuit was struck by lightning at 0.2 second at point F, was simulated in pscad with the pulse signal of a high frequency, production The raw transient current travelling waves propagated along the line, the current traveling wave wave after detected downstream point 1,2,3 detects attenuation and distortion respectively Shape is as shown in Fig. 2, the sample frequency of traveling-wave waveform takes 1MHz.
As seen from Figure 2, after F points break down, the first current traveling wave waveform wave head and wave of test point 1,2,3 The big portion of tail is all relatively intact, but since circuit traveling wave is there are catadioptric, therefore can not obtain single obtaining the completed wave of first wave Shape.In order to enable inverting is more accurate, intend clipping first wave head and second wave head lap, and card human relations are carried out to it herein Boolean converts three-phase decoupling, and each modulus waveform after decoupling is as shown in Figure 3
5 layers of wavelet package transforms are carried out to each modulus of traveling wave after three-phase decouples and are divided into 32 frequency ranges, row of going forward side by side carries out fast Fast Fourier transformation, crossover rate section substitute into circuit frequency according to function model H.
Each frequency band is used as by the wave type energy accounting of the detection waveform (being herein test point 2) close to trouble point It is as follows that coefficient is weighted the final target optimizing function of combination producing：
Global solution carries out target optimizing function by simulated annealing, obtains each modulus point of this section of transmission line of electricity Cloth parameter is as shown in table 1：
Distributed constant between 1 test point 2,3 of table
For the effect of waveform inversion, the present invention is evaluated with following 5 aspects.
1) wave head initial time ts。
2) the wave head rise time0.9 times of institute is risen to from 0.1 times of maximum amplitude in the amplitude of wave Time.
3) fault traveling wave peak Im。
4) the position t of peak valuem。
5) half-wave length thm=th-ts.Wherein thAt the time of increasing to when highest drops to half again for amplitude.
Pass through the comparative evaluation of above 5 aspects, the various aspects characteristic of reflected waveform that can be comprehensive.
Since the inverting of zero _exit is restricted by various aspects, can not accurate inverting, therefore the present invention is abandoned to zero The inverting of mould, then by zero mould during different faults type and the boundary condition of line mould, the inversion result of bonding wire mould obtains zero Mold component.This example fault type is grounded for A phases, can be in the hope of circuit inverting zero _exit by boundary condition and phase mould relationship. Carrying out card human relations boolean's inverse transformation to each modulus waveform again, to obtain three-phase current comparison of wave shape figure as shown in Figure 4.
To the data of first wave head in Fig. 4, of the invention 5 appraisement system evaluations are as follows：
1) wave head initial time ts.Three-phase inverting waveform and detection waveform absolute error are respectively 0.5 μ s, B phase of A phases, 1 μ s, 2 μ s of C phases.
2) the wave head rise timeA, the relative error of B, C three-phase is respectively 1.698%, 3.425%, 4.875%.
3) fault traveling wave peak Im.A, the relative error of B, C three-phase is respectively 1.774%, 1.852%, 4.691%.
4) the position t of peak valuem.A, the absolute error of B, C three-phase distinguishes 2 μ s, 1 μ s, 1 μ s.
5) half-wave length thm=th-ts.A, the relative error of B, C three-phase is respectively 0.723%, 2.820%, 4.669%.
By a large amount of simulation results shows, the fault current traveling-wave waveform inversion method is to five evaluation index absolute errors No more than 3 μ s, relative error is no more than 6%.
It should be noted that listed above is only specific embodiments of the present invention, it is clear that the present invention is not limited to implement above Example has many similar variations therewith.If those skilled in the art directly exports or joins from present disclosure All deformations expected, are within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (4)

  1. A kind of 1. replay method of the transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform based on wave weight, which is characterized in that this method packet Include following steps：
    Step S1：Multiple fault detecting points are set successively on transmission line of electricity, for the acquisition of fault current traveling-wave waveform；
    Step S2：The another two fault detect that place's homonymy removes a nearest test point is actually occurred to distance fault on transmission line of electricity The waveform of point carries out card human relations boolean and converts three-phase decoupling；
    Step S3：Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out after carrying out wavelet package transforms to each modulus of traveling wave after three-phase decouples, is divided Rate section substitutes into circuit frequency according to function model；
    Step S4：It is used as coefficient by the wave type energy accounting of the detection waveform close to trouble point to each frequency band to be weighted The final target optimizing function of combination producing；
    Step S5：Global solution carries out target optimizing function by simulated annealing, obtains the distribution of this section of transmission line of electricity Parameter；
    Step S6：Obtained distributed constant is substituted into circuit frequency according to function model, according to known point waveform combined circuit frequency according to letter Exponential model is finally inversed by unknown point waveform.
  2. 2. the replay method of the transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform according to claim 1 based on wave weight, special Sign is that crossover rate section substitutes into specific steps of the circuit frequency according to function model in the step S3：
    Step S3.1：For two test points are respectively divided into after N layers of wavelet package transforms 2NEach frequency range wave in a frequency range Shape carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) generation respective 2NSection frequency domain data；
    Step S3.2：The frequency domain data that will be close to each modulus of test point at that of trouble point is multiplied by circuit frequency according to function model, And the data of the corresponding frequency band of modulus corresponding with another test point make the difference to obtain Δ d (i), i represents i-th of frequency range；
    Wherein H=e-λx, x is the distance between two test points,For each frequency range, f For the centre frequency of the frequency range, R is resistance, and L is inductance, and G is conductance, and C is capacitance.
  3. 3. the replay method of the transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform according to claim 2 based on wave weight, special Sign is, the specific steps of weighted array in the step S4：
    Step S4.1：For N layers of wavelet package transforms, card human relations boolean is carried out to the decoupling waveform of the test point close to fault point and is become Change decoupling；
    Step S4.2：N layers of wavelet package transforms are carried out to each modulus waveform after decoupling and are divided into 2NA frequency range；
    Step S4.3：The percentage that the wave type energy that the component of each frequency range is possessed accounts for total wave type energy is exactly weighted array Weight a (i), i represent i-th of frequency range；
    Step S4.4：Object function after final weighting is as follows：* conjugate transposition is represented.
  4. 4. the replay method of the transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform according to claim 1 based on wave weight, special Sign is, the specific steps of inverting unknown point waveform in the step S6：
    S6.1：After obtaining circuit distributed constant in S5, determine circuit frequency according to function model H, wherein H=e-λx, x is traveling wave The distance of transmission will carry out card human relations boolean for the known point waveform of inverting and convert decoupling as each modulus waveform；
    S6.2：Traveling wave line mould waveform after being decoupled to three-phase carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), according to unknown point and the position of known point It puts relationship and does operation according to function model with circuit frequency：
    If unknown point, in the downstream of known point, each modulus waveform of known point is multiplied by circuit frequency according to function model H；
    If unknown point, among known point and line fault point, each modulus waveform of known point divided by circuit frequency are according to function model；
    S6.3：According to the line mould waveform of unknown point after operation, combination failure type boundaries condition, push away unknown point zero mould wave Shape；
    S6.4：Card human relations boolean's inverse transformation is carried out according to each modulus waveform of unknown point and obtains the three-phase fault current traveling wave of unknown point Waveform.
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CN107478941B (en) * 2017-07-14 2019-08-06 国网上海市电力公司 Distribution network failure simulated annealing localization method based on Multipoint synchronous measurement data
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CN113205506B (en) * 2021-05-17 2022-12-27 上海交通大学 Three-dimensional reconstruction method for full-space information of power equipment
CN113922408B (en) * 2021-09-30 2023-12-08 合肥工业大学 MMC-HVDC power grid bipolar short-circuit fault current calculation method based on parameter inversion

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